Religion:Thiruvisaippa

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Thiruvisaipa (Tamil: திருவிசைப்பா Thiru means "respect", visai means "action" and pa indicates "poem") denotes the ninth volumes[1] of the Tirumurai, the twelve-volume collection of Tamil Saivite devotional poetry. The works of eight authors belonging to the 10th century, namely Thirumaligai Thevar, Senthanar, Karuvur Thevar, Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi, Kandarathithar, Venattadigal, Thiruvaliyamuthanar, Purshottama Nambi, Sethiyar and Senthanar. Out of the eight, Kandarathithar, was a Chola king, who an ardent devotee of Shiva. He wanted to compile Thevaram, but the mission was completed by his grandson Rajaraja I.[citation needed]

The poems

The ninth volume of Tirumurai is composed by Tamil poets (known as Nayanars) - Thirumaligai Thevar, Senthanar, Karuvur Thevar, Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi, Kandarathithar, Venattadigal, Thiruvaliyamuthanar, Purshottama Nambi, Sethiyar and Senthanar [2] Among the eight, Kandarathithar, was a prince descended from Chola king, Parantaka I.[3] He and his wife Sembian Mahadevi were ardent devotees of Shiva and wanted to compile Thevaram during his life time, but could not complete the mission. During the reign of Rajaraja Chola I in the 10th century, a collection of these songs was found abandoned in the Chidambaram temple, along with other religious literary works, and collated by Nambiyandar Nambi.[4]

Author Poems Number of verses Classification Temples reverred
Thirumaligai Thevar 1-45 45 Thiruvisaippa Thillai Natarajar Temple (45)[2]
Senthanar 46-79 34 Thiruvisaippa Veezhinathar Kovil, Thiruveezhimizhalai (12), Masilamaniswara Temple (11)[2]
Karuvur Thevar 80-182 103 Thiruvisaippa Thillai Natarajar Temple (11), Maniyambalam temple (11), Azhagiyanathaswamy temple Thirukalanthai (10), Sundaresawarar temple Thirulogi (11), Pannakaparanar temple Thirumugathalai (10), Kampaheswarar Temple (10), Brihadisvara Temple (11)[2]
Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi 183-194 12 Thiruvisaippa Thillai Natarajar Temple (10), Thyagaraja temple (2), Thirukuraithudayar temple (11)[2]
Kandarathithar 194-204 10 Thiruvisaippa Thillai Natarajar Temple (10)[2]
Venattadigal 205-214 10 Thiruvisaippa Thillai Natarajar Temple (10)[2]
Thiruvaliyamuthanar 215-256 42 Thiruvisaippa Thillai Natarajar Temple (42)[2]
Purshottama Nambi 1-45 257-278 Thiruvisaippa Thillai Natarajar Temple (22)[2]
Sethiyar 279-288 10 Thiruvisaippa Thillai Natarajar Temple (10)[2]
Senthanar 289-301 13 Thirupallandu Thillai Natarajar Temple (13)[2]

List of Temple associated with Tiruvisaippa

There are 14 temples revered by the hymns of Thiruvisaippa and are in turn referred as "Tiruvisaipa Thalangal".

Name of the temple Location Presiding deity Photo Poets Temple details
Thillai Natarajar Temple Chidambaram [ ⚑ ] 11°23′58″N 79°41′36″E / 11.39944°N 79.69333°E / 11.39944; 79.69333 Natarajar Pond in chidambaram temple .jpg Kandarathithar (10), Karuvur Thevar (11), Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi (10), Purshottama Nambi (22), Senthanar (13), Sethiyar (10), Thirumaligai Thevar (45), Thiruvaliyamuthanar (42), Venattadigal (10) The temple is one of the five elemental lingas in the Shaivism pilgrimage tradition, and considered the subtlest of all Shiva temples (Kovil) in Hinduism.[5] It is also a site for performance arts, including the annual Natyanjali dance festival on Maha Shivaratri.[6]
Brihadisvara Temple Gangaikonda Cholapuram [ ⚑ ] 11°12′22″N 79°26′56″E / 11.20611°N 79.44889°E / 11.20611; 79.44889 Brihadisvarar Brihadeeswarar temple, Gangaikondacholapuram (3).jpg Karuvur Thevar (11) Completed in 1035 AD by Rajendra Chola I as a part of his new capital, this Chola dynasty era temple is similar in design, and has a similar name, as the older 11th century, Brihadeeswarar Temple about 70 kilometres (43 mi) to the southwest in Thanjavur.[7] The shrine of Gangaikonda Cholapuram are revered as under

" He of the Shrine of Gangaikonda Choleswaram takes whatever forms that his worship visualize" - 131,5.[8]

Rajarajeswaram Thanjavur [ ⚑ ] 10°46′58″N 79°07′54″E / 10.78278°N 79.13167°E / 10.78278; 79.13167 Brihadisvarar Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur (50074283866).jpg Karuvur Thevar (11) Built by Tamil king Raja Raja Chola I between 1003 and 1010 AD, the temple is a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the "Great Living Chola Temples". Built out of granite, the vimana tower above the shrine is one of the tallest in South India.[9]
Uthrapathiswaraswamy Temple Thanjavur [ ⚑ ] 10°51′48″N 79°43′20″E / 10.86333°N 79.72222°E / 10.86333; 79.72222 Uthrapathiswaraswamy Ganapathi Temple, Thiruchengattankudi.jpg Karuvur Thevar (10) Uthrapathiswaraswamy Temple is a Hindu temple in Tiruchenkattankudi in Nagapattinam district in the Tamil Nadu state of India . Though it is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, it is more famous for its Ganesha (Ganapati) icons brought from Vatapi by Paranjothi, the commander-in-chief of the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I (reign: 630–668 CE), following the conquest of Pallavas over the Chalukyas (642 CE).[10]
Azhagiyanathaswamy temple Kalanthai [ ⚑ ] 10°31′34″N 79°33′10″E / 10.52611°N 79.55278°E / 10.52611; 79.55278 Azhagiyanathar Karuvur Thevar (10) The temple has inscriptions from the period of Rajendra Chola indicating generous contributions to the temple.[11]
Maniyambalam temple Keezhakottur [ ⚑ ] 10°36′52″N 79°33′55″E / 10.61444°N 79.56528°E / 10.61444; 79.56528 Maniambalanavar Karuvur Thevar (11) Since the bell of the elephant Airavata fell here, it came to be known as Maniyambalam.[12]
Sundaresawarar temple Thirulogi [ ⚑ ] 11°04′51″N 79°29′15″E / 11.08083°N 79.4875°E / 11.08083; 79.4875 Sundareswarar Karuvur Thevar (11)
Pannakaparanar temple Thirmugathalai [ ⚑ ] 10°33′23″N 79°40′46″E / 10.55639°N 79.67944°E / 10.55639; 79.67944 Pannakaparanar Karuvur Thevar (10)
Kampaheswarar Temple Thirubuvanam [ ⚑ ] 10°59′24″N 79°25′59″E / 10.99°N 79.43306°E / 10.99; 79.43306 Kampaheswarar Tirubavanam (14).jpg Karuvur Thevar (10) The temple was constructed by the Chola king Kulothunga Chola III as a memorial of his successful North Indian campaign. The temple has a shrine for Sharabha, a depiction of Shiva, a part-lion and part-bird beast in Hindu mythology, who, according to Sanskrit literature, is eight-legged and more powerful than a lion or an elephant, possessing the ability to clear a valley in one jump.[13]
Thyagaraja Temple Thiruvarur [ ⚑ ] 10°46′N 79°39′E / 10.767°N 79.65°E / 10.767; 79.65 Thyagarajar Thyagarajar temple, Tiruvarur (1).jpg Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi (2) According to legend, a Chola king named Muchukunda obtained a boon from Indra (a celestial deity) and wished to receive an image of Thyagaraja Swamy (presiding deity, Shiva in the temple) reposing on the chest of reclining Lord Vishnu. Indra tried to misguide the king and had six other images made, but the king chose the right image and manifested thiyagaraja in Tiruvarur.[14]|}
Thirukuraithudayar temple Thiruvidaikazhi [ ⚑ ] 11°02′29″N 79°47′2″E / 11.04139°N 79.78389°E / 11.04139; 79.78389 Thirukuraithudayar Senthanar (11)
Mahalingeswarar Temple Tiruvidaimaruthur [ ⚑ ] 10°59′40″N 79°27′1″E / 10.99444°N 79.45028°E / 10.99444; 79.45028 Mahalingeswarar Tiruvidaimaruthur13.jpg Karuvur Thevar (10) The Chola prince, it is believed, entered the Mahalingeswarar Temple and prayed to his favourite God, Shiva for relief from the clutches of the spirit of the dead Brahmin or brahmarakshas. The Chola prince made his way out through another entrance thereby saving himself.[15]
Masilamaniswara Temple Thiruvaduthurai [ ⚑ ] 10°29′N 78°41′E / 10.483°N 78.683°E / 10.483; 78.683 Masilamaniswarar Thiruvavaduthurai4.JPG Senthanar (11) This is counted as the first mention of portrait installation indicated in an inscription, with the other ones being in Konerirajapuram and Thiruvisanallur temples. The temple has been maintained and administered by the Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam, whose headquarters is located inside the temple.[16]
Veezhinathar Kovil, Thiruveezhimizhalai Thiruveezhimizhalai [ ⚑ ] 10°46′N 79°50′E / 10.767°N 79.833°E / 10.767; 79.833 Veezhinathar Thiruveezhimizhalai3.jpg Senthanar (12) Parvati is said to have been reborn as Katyayani and married Shiva here. Vishnu received the cosmic weapon Chakrayudam from Shiva here in lieu of the 1000 flower worship to Shiva. A panel depicting the divine marriage is seen behind the Shivalingam. The Moolvar vimanam is believed to be brought to here by Mahavishnu[17]

Notes

  1. ↑ J.N. 1993, p. 143
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 "Ninth Thirumurai". Project Madurai. 2001. http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0092.pdf. Retrieved 1 January 2014. 
  3. ↑ Mukherjee 1999, p. 396
  4. ↑ Rengasamy, Varalotti (28 February 2021). Ponniyin Selvan - The Killer Sword - Part 3. Pustaka Digital Media. p. 168. https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Ponniyin_Selvan_The_Killer_Sword_Part_3/wj0jEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=thiruvisaippa&pg=PT168&printsec=frontcover. 
  5. ↑ James G. Lochtefeld (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC. 
  6. ↑ Tracy Pintchman (2007). Women's Lives, Women's Rituals in the Hindu Tradition. Oxford University Press. pp. 194–195. ISBN 978-0-19-803934-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=7lOc8ZoLV0wC&pg=PA194. 
  7. ↑ Irāmaccantiran̲ Nākacāmi (1970). Gangaikondacholapuram. State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu. pp. 14–16. https://books.google.com/books?id=FtQBAAAAMAAJ. 
  8. ↑ Coward 1987, p. 151
  9. ↑ "The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)". http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_cholabt.asp. 
  10. ↑ Ayyar, P. V. Jagadisa (1993). South Indian Shrines. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 402–404. ISBN 978-81-206-0151-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=%22Vathapi+Ganapathy%22&pg=PA402. Retrieved 2 August 2009. 
  11. ↑ "Kalanthai Athicheram". Dharumapuram Adheenam. http://www.thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=279. Retrieved 2 January 2022. 
  12. ↑ "Keezhakottur Maniyambalam". Dharumapuram Adheenam. http://www.thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=280. Retrieved 2 January 2022. 
  13. ↑ V., Meena (1974). Temples in South India (1st ed.). Kanniyakumari: Harikumar Arts. p. 29. 
  14. ↑ V., Meena (1974). Temples in South India (1st ed.). Kanniyakumari: Harikumar Arts. p. 34. 
  15. ↑ Ayyar, P. V. Jagadisa (1991). South Indian shrines: illustrated. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 81-206-0151-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=tiruvidaimarudur&pg=PA297. 
  16. ↑ S.R., Balasubramanyam (1975). Early Chola temples Parantaka I to Rajaraja I (AD. 907–985). Thomson Press (India) Limited. pp. 220–1. http://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/49443.pdf. 
  17. ↑ "Sri Veezhinatheswarar Temple". Dinamalar. https://temple.dinamalar.com/New.php?id=523. Retrieved 2 January 2022. 

References




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