Religion:Ukehi
Ukehi or Ukei (誓占, lit. "divination [by] oath") was a Japanese Shinto divination ritual.
Generally, it was a type of cleromancy which involved asking a question of the kami and coming to an answer through some type of sortition. The belief was that the kami would influence the outcome of the sortition in order to communicate their will.
Function and performance
Hayashi Oen, a nineteenth-century practitioner of ukehi, identified six functions of the rite. He claimed it could be used to:
- ask for information or messages from the kami
- establish the will of the kami
- predict the outcome of an event
- enervate or animate living beings
- manipulate weather conditions
- kill one's enemies[1]
The dictates of ukehi can come as a dream, but more commonly the petitioner would use the ritual to ask a question of the kami and then await an omen of some sort to confirm their [2] response. If nothing happened, it was assumed that the kami did not favour the proposed course of action.[1] The questioning of the kami took the form of an oath or vow.[3][4] Sometimes the ritual involved inscribing the choices available on bamboo slips, which were then shaken in a container; whichever slip fell out dictated the appropriate course of action. In the novel Runaway Horses, Mishima Yukio described the procedure of ukehi as "contain[ing] an element of danger not unlike a footing that could give way at any moment".[5]
Notable ukehi
- An ukehi ritual undertaken by the deities Amaterasu and Susanoo-no-Mikoto resulted in the birth of eight more deities.[6]
- Ukehi by hunting (うけひ狩り ukehigari) is described in the Nihon Shoki.[7]
- Also in the Shoki, the Emperor Jinmu carries out an ukehi involving submerging jars of ame rice-syrup into the headwaters of a river, and when the river fish become inebriated and float to the surface, this is taken as a sign of the approval of the kami.[7]
- In the late 19th century, Hayashi Oen and his pupil Otaguro Tomoo performed ukehi several times, and eventually the latter received what he believed was divine authorization to begin the Shinpūren rebellion.[8]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Helen Hardacre; Adam Lewis Kern (1997). New Directions in the Study of Meiji Japan. BRILL. pp. 427. ISBN 90-04-10735-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=pXlZoSjXb2QC&pg=PA427.
- ↑ Donald Keene (13 August 2013). Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852-1912. Columbia University Press. pp. 779. ISBN 978-0-231-51811-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=VMuPzoc23QMC&pg=PA779.
- ↑ Edwin A. Cranston (March 1998). The Gem-Glistening Cup. Stanford University Press. pp. 483. ISBN 978-0-8047-3157-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=KqWjwalbmx4C&pg=PA483.
- ↑ Nichibunken Japan Review: Bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies. The Center. 1998. p. 200. https://books.google.com/books?id=xfcQAQAAMAAJ.
- ↑ 三島 Mishima, 由紀夫 Yukio; Gallagher, Michael (1985). 奔馬 Runaway Horses. Japan: Charles E. Tuttle Company. ISBN 978-4805303542.
- ↑ Tenri Journal of Religion. Tenri University Press. 1979. p. 108. https://books.google.com/books?id=tQTXAAAAMAAJ.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Aston, William G. (1989). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 (1st ed.). Charles E. Tuttle Company. ISBN 978-0804809849.
- ↑ Henry Scott Stokes (8 August 2000). The Life and Death of Yukio Mishima. Cooper Square Press. pp. 151–152. ISBN 978-1-4616-2422-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=D-Of7peK2tkC&pg=PA151.
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