Religion:Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun

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Short description: Taoist form of Manjusri
Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun

Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun (simplified Chinese: 文殊广法天尊; traditional Chinese: 文殊廣法天尊; pinyin: Wénshū Guǎngfǎ Tiānzūn) is a Taoist immortal and character in the Chinese novel Investiture of the Gods (Fengshen Yanyi). He is a disciple of Yuanshi Tianzun, one of the Twelve Golden Immortals, and the teacher of Jinzha. He lives at Cloud-Top Cave (云霄洞) on Wulong Mountain (五龙山).[1]

Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun identifies with Manjusri Bodhisattva.[2][3] Some religious sources likewise identify the character with Manjusri,[4][5] while others such as Qunxian Xianpo Tianmen distinguish the Taoist character from the Buddhist bodhisattva.[6][7][8] It is believed that Manjusri Bodhisattva transformed into Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun, one of the protectors in Taoism, helping to resolve religious conflicts common in the Western regions.[9]

In Fengshen Yanyi

The battle between Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun, Puxian Zhenren, and Cihang Daoren against Jinling Shengmu

Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun lives at Cloud-Top Cave (云霄洞) on Wulong Mountain (五龙山). When Li Jing seeks refuge there after his conflict with Nezha, Nezha follows him and attacks Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun. Wenshu uses the Dulong Pillar (遁龙桩) to restrain Nezha with three golden rings and orders his disciple Jinzha to punish him. Taiyi Zhenren later arrives and explains that the conflict between Li Jing and Nezha was part of a test for Nezha.[10]

Later, Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun comes to the aid of Jiang Ziya when Wang Mo attacks him. He uses the Dulong Pillar to restrain Wang Mo, allowing Jinzha to kill him. Wenshu then gives Jiang Ziya medicine and sends Jinzha with him to assist the Zhou forces.[11][12]

During the campaign against the Ten Absolute Formations (十绝阵), Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun is ordered to break the Tianjue Formation (天绝阵). He enters the formation on lotus flowers and uses the Dulong Pillar to restrain Qin Wan, whom he then kills with his sword.[13]

Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun is later captured with the other Twelve Golden Immortals by Yunxiao Niangniang, Qiongxiao Niangniang, and Bixiao Niangniang and imprisoned in the Nine-Curves Yellow River Formation (九曲黄河阵). The formation causes the immortals to lose their cultivation.[14]

During the Battle of the Myriad Immortal Formation (万仙阵), Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun fights Qianshou Xian (虬首仙). He captures him and restores him to his original form as a blue-haired lion. Yuanshi Tianzun orders the lion to become Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun's mount.[15]

Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun later fights alongside Puxian Zhenren and Cihang Daoren at the Myriad Immortal Formation. The three are referred to in the novel as the “three great masters” (三大士). Wenshu rides the blue-haired lion, Puxian rides a white elephant, and Cihang rides a golden-haired hou.[16]The novel later states that Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun becomes Manjusri Bodhisattva.[17]

Scholarly analysis

Japanese scholar Yoshihiro Nikaido identifies Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun as a character derived from the Buddhist bodhisattva Mañjuśrī. In a study of Buddhist characters in Fengshen Yanyi, Nikaido examines the Buddhist origins of several characters, including Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun, Puxian Zhenren, Cihang Daoren, Randeng Daoren, Jieyin Daoren, and Weihu. He argues that most of the Buddhist characters in the novel are based on material found in the Shenxian Tongjian (神仙通鉴).[18]

Nikaido also discusses the relationship between Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun and Jinzha. He notes that Jinzha is associated with Mañjuśrī in the Shenxian Tongjian, while Fengshen Yanyi makes him a disciple of Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun. He further examines the mounts of Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun, Puxian Zhenren, and Cihang Daoren. Wenshu rides a lion, Puxian rides an elephant, and Cihang rides a golden-haired hou. He relates the lion and elephant to the traditional iconography of Mañjuśrī and Samantabhadra and discusses their representation in Ming-period religious art.[18]

Temple

At Qingyang Palace (青羊宫) in Chengdu, Sichuan, the Sanqing Hall (三清殿) contains statues of the Twelve Golden Immortals, including Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun. The hall's principal statues are the Three Pure Ones.[19]

At Louguantai (楼观台) in Shaanxi, the Jiuku Hall (救苦殿) has Taiyi Jiuku Tianzun as its principal deity, with Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun on the left and Puxian Zhenren on the right. The hall also contains statues of the Ten Directions Responding Deities (十方应化天尊).[20]

In Hong Kong, the Daoist religious hall Shengshan Zhentang (省善真堂) has enshrined Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun since its establishment in 1952. The hall's founding account states that it established an altar dedicated to Taishang Laojun, Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun, Li Tieguai, and Lü Dongbin.[21]

At San Yuan Daoist Temple (三元道观), the Sanqing Hall contains statues of the Twelve Golden Immortals. A description of the hall lists Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun among them, together with Guangchengzi, Chijingzi, Huanglong Zhenren, Júlíusūn, Puxian Zhenren, and other immortals.[22]

References

  1. ↑ (in zh). 陝西人民出版社. 1998. p. 55. ISBN 978-7-224-04279-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=v0VipCbTMVIC&q=%E6%96%87%E6%AE%8A%E5%B9%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A. 
  2. ↑ (in zh). 四川人民出版社. 1985. https://books.google.com/books?id=vrwEAQAAIAAJ&q=%E6%96%87%E6%AE%8A%E5%B9%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A. 
  3. ↑ (in zh). 中国人民大学书报资料社. 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=NbAtAQAAIAAJ&q=%E6%96%87%E6%AE%8A%E5%B9%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A. 
  4. ↑ (in zh)China Literature Network. 30 July 2021. http://literature.cssn.cn/xslwqwsjk/ymqwxyj/201112/t20111209_4414153.shtml. 
  5. ↑ (in zh). Beijing Book Co. Inc.. 1 August 2017. ISBN 978-7-5490-1424-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=v9TsDwAAQBAJ&dq=%E6%96%87%E6%AE%8A%E5%B9%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A&pg=PT134. 
  6. ↑ (in zh). 人民文学出版社. 2009. https://books.google.com/books?id=iRJMAQAAIAAJ&q=%E6%96%87%E6%AE%8A%E5%B9%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A. 
  7. ↑ (in zh). 四川人民出版社. 1985. https://books.google.com/books?id=vrwEAQAAIAAJ&q=%E6%96%87%E6%AE%8A%E5%B9%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A. 
  8. ↑ (in zh). 人民文学出版社. 2009. https://books.google.com/books?id=iRJMAAAAIJAAJ&q=%E6%96%87%E6%AE%8A%E5%B9%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A. 
  9. ↑ (in zh). Beijing Book Co. Inc.. 1 May 2017. ISBN 978-7-5643-5446-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=zYWjDwAAQBAJ&dq=%E6%96%87%E6%AE%8A%E5%B9%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A&pg=PT21. 
  10. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in zh). https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89/%E5%8D%B7014. 
  11. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in zh). https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89/%E5%8D%B7038. 
  12. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in zh). https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89/%E5%8D%B7039. 
  13. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in zh). https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89/%E5%8D%B7045. 
  14. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in zh). https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89/%E5%8D%B7050. 
  15. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in zh). https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89/%E5%8D%B7083. 
  16. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in zh). https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89/%E5%8D%B7084. 
  17. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in zh). https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89/%E5%8D%B7044. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Nikaido, Yoshihiro (31 March 2024). "『封神演義』の仏教系人物について" (in ja). 東アジア文化交渉研究 (Journal of East Asian Cultural Interaction Studies) 17: 205–217. doi:10.32286/0002001317. https://kansai-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2001317. 
  19. ↑ Liu, Feibin (2011). "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in zh). https://www.daoisms.com.cn/2011/17/17/21693/. 
  20. ↑ "自驾秦岭赏秋之楼观台" (in zh). https://www.meipian.cn/4yekhbv9. 
  21. ↑ "省善真堂" (in zh). https://zh.daoinfo.org/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop&title=%E7%9C%81%E5%96%84%E7%9C%9F%E5%A0%82&variant=zh-hans. 
  22. ↑ "金塔寺：庙里长出九株葵花而得名的古老寺庙" (in zh). https://www.daowen.com/lilun/1030264.html. 
  • Investiture of the Gods chapter 14 pages 167 - 169

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