Social:Achawa language

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Short description: Arawakan language of Colombia
Achagua
Achawa
Native toColombia
RegionMeta Department
EthnicityAchagua people
Native speakers
(250 cited 2000)[1]
Arawakan
  • Northern
    • Upper Amazon
      • Western Nawiki
        • Piapoko
          • Achagua
Dialects
  • ?Ponares †
Language codes
ISO 639-3aca Achagua
Glottologacha1250  Achagua[2]
pona1251  Ponares[3]
Achagua is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.

Achagua, or Achawa (Achagua: Achawa), is an Arawakan language spoken in the Meta Department of Colombia, similar to Piapoco. It is estimated that 250 individuals speak the language, many of whom also speak Piapoco or Spanish.[1]

"Achagua is a language of the Maipurean Arawakan group traditionally spoken by the Achagua people of Venezuela and east-central Colombia."[4]

A "Ponares" language is inferred from surnames, and may have been Achawa or Piapoco.

There is 1–5% literacy in Achagua.[1]

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental/
Alveolar 		Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive/
Affricate 		voiceless p t tʃ k
voiced b d
Nasal m n
Fricative s̪ ʝ h
Trill r
Approximant w ɭ
  • /n/ is realized as [ɲ] when preceding palatal consonants.
  • /k/ is palatalized [kʲ] when preceding /i/.
  • Sounds /b, d/ are preglottalized [ˀb, ˀd] within accented syllables or after accented syllables.
  • /b/ is realized as [β] when occurring intervocalically.
  • /w/ is realized as [β] when preceding /i/.
  • /s̪/ is realized as [ʃ] when preceding /i/.
  • /ʝ/ is heard as an affricate [dʒ] in word-initial positions. It can also be realized as a glide [j] freely in intervocalic positions.
  • /ɭ/ can be heard as a flap [ɾ] in free variation before /i/.[5]

Vowels

Front Central Back
High i u
Mid e o
Low a

List of words

English Spanish Achagua Template:Ref heading
One Uno Báque [6]
Two Dos Chámai
Three Tres Matálii
Four Cuatro Kuátru
Five Cinco Abakáahi
Black Negro Kachajulai
Canoe Canoa Íida
Dog Perro Áuli
Father Padre Nusálihina
Man Hombre Washiaáli
Moon Luna Quéerri
Mother Madre Nutúwa
Sun Sol Cáiwia
Water Agua Shiátai
White Blanco Kabalai

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Achagua at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Achagua". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/acha1250. 
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Ponares". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/pona1251. 
  4. ↑ Neira, Alonso de. "The Art and Vocabulary of the Achagua Language". http://www.wdl.org/en/item/8993/. 
  5. ↑ Lozano, Miguel Ángel Meléndez (2000). Esbozo grammatical de la lengua achagua. Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva: Santafé de Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.. pp. 625–640. 
  6. ↑ "Achagua Words". https://www.native-languages.org/achagua_words.htm. 

Template:Arawakan languages




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