Social:Family tree of Chinese monarchs (middle)

Short description: Family tree

This is a family tree of Chinese monarchs from the Northern and Southern dynasties period to the collapse of the Southern Song dynasty.

Southern and Northern Dynasties

Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei

Tuoba / Yuan clan, Wei emperors family tree

Legend:   – Northern Wei emperors   – Western Wei emperors   – Eastern Wei emperors   – Northern Wei throne pretenders See Tuoba clan Dai state family tree Tuoba Gui Daowu 371–386–409 Tuoba Xi 399–421 Tuoba Si Mingyuan 392–409–423 Tuoba Ta 416–488 Tuoba Tao Taiwu 408–423–452 Yuan Zhongkui Tuoba Huang 428–451 Tuoba Yu 452 Yuan Faseng 453–536 Tuoba Jun Wencheng 440–452–465 Tuoba Zhen 447–496 Tuoba Hong Xianwen 454–465– 471–476 Yuan Yi Yuan Bin 464–499 Tuoba Hong Xiaowen 467–471–499 Yuan Yu 470–501 Yuan Yong d. 528 Yuan Xiang 476–504 Yuan Xie d. 508 Yuan Ye 530–531; d. 532 Yuan Rong 481–526 Yuan Ke Xuanwu 483–499–515 Yuan Xun 483–497 Yuan Yu 488–508 Yuan Yi 487–520 Yuan Huai 488–517 Yuan Yue 494–532 Yuan Xin Yuan Gong Jiemin 498–531–532 Yuan Yu d. 555 Yuan Hao d. 529 Yuan Shao d. 528 Yuan Ziyou Xiaozhuang 507–528–531 Yuan Lang 513–531–532 Yuan Xu Xiaoming 510–515–528 Yuan Baohui Yuan Baoju Wen 507–535–551 Yuan Dan d. 537 Yuan Ti 506–528 Yuan Xiu Xiaowu 510–532–535 Yuan Huangtou daughter b./r. 528 Yuan Zhao 526–528 Yuan Qin Fei 551–554 Yuan Kuo Gong 537–554– 556–557 Yuan Shanjian Xiaojing 524–534– 550–552 Yuan Zan

Sui dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Sui dynasty (隋朝), which ruled China between AD 581 and 618. The dynasty was named for the family title: the Yang (楊) family were the Dukes of Sui.

Those who became emperor are listed in bold, with their years of reign large. The names given for emperors are posthumous names, the form by which Sui emperors were most commonly known.

Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties

The following is a simplified family tree for the Tang dynasty (唐朝), which ruled China between AD 618 and 907. The Tang dynasty was interrupted by the reign of Empress Wu Zetian (AD 690–705), who after deposing her sons, declared herself the founder of a Wu Zhou dynasty (武周); the Tang dynasty was resumed by her sons following her abdication. The dynasty was named for the family title: the Li (李) family were the Dukes of Tang.

The names given in bold for emperors are temple names, the form by which Tang emperors were most commonly known (with the exception of Shangdi/Shaodi (殤帝 / 少帝), whose posthumous titles mean simply "died young" and "the young emperor", and Aidi (哀帝), also known as Zhaoxuan (昭宣), neither of whom were awarded temple names). The names of Xuánzōng I (玄宗) and Xuānzōng II (宣宗) are originally different in Mandarin Chinese, but are rendered the same in Pinyin English transliteration (once the tones have been removed).

Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties

The Tang emperors claimed descent from people such as Li Guang and Laozi Li Yuan 李淵 566–635 Gaozu 高祖 618–6261 1 2 4 Li Jiancheng 李建成 589–626 Cr. Prince Yin 隱太子 Li Shimin 李世民 598–649 Taizong 太宗 626–6492 Li Yuanji 李元吉 603–626 Prince of Qi 齊王 Wu Shiyue 武士彠 559–635 King Zhongxiao 忠孝王 1 3 4 8 9 WU ZHOU DYNASTY Li Chengqian 李承乾 619–645 Prince Min of Hengshan 恆山愍王 Li Ke 李恪 d. 653 Prince of Yulin 鬱林王 Li Tai 李泰 618–652 Prince Gong of Pu 濮恭王 Li Zhen 李貞 d. 688 Prince Jing of Yue 越敬王 Li Zhi 李治 628–683 Gaozong 高宗 649–6833 Wu Zhao 武曌 624–705 Wu Zetian 武則天 690–7051(6) 1 4 5 (1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 8 (4) (6) Li Zhong 李忠 643–665 Prince of Yan 燕王 Li Sujie 李素節 646–690 Prince of Xu 許王 Li Hong 李弘 652–675 Xiaojing 孝敬 Li Xian 李賢 653–684 Cr. Prince Zhanghuai 章懷太子 Li Xian 李顯 656–710 Zhongzong 中宗 684, 705–7104 Li Dan 李旦 662–716 Ruizong 睿宗 684–690, 710–7125 Princess Taiping 太平公主 665(?)–713 2 1 2 3 4 1 3 Li Shouli 李守礼 672–741 Cr. Prince Xima Li Chongrun 李重潤 682–701 Cr. Prince Yide 懿德太子 Li Chongfu 李重福 680–710 Prince Qiao 譙王 Li Chongjun 李重俊 d. 707 Cr. Prince Jiemin 節愍太子 Li Chongmao 李重茂 695/698–714 Shangdi 殤帝 7107 Li Guo'er 李裹兒 684(?)–710 Princess Anle 安樂公主 Li Chengqi 李成器 679–742 Rangdi 讓帝 Li Longji 李隆基 685–762 Xuanzong 玄宗 712–7568 1 1 2 3 16 Li Chenghong 李承宏 Pr. of Guangwu 廣武王 Emperor in Chang'an 763 Li Cong 李琮 d. 752 Fengtian 奉天 Li Ying 李瑛 d. 737 Crown Prince Li Heng 李亨 711–762 Suzong 肅宗 756–7629 Li Lin 李璘 d. 757 Prince of Yong 永王 1 3 9 Li Yu 李豫 727–779 Daizong 代宗 762–77910 Li Tan 李倓 d. 757 Chengtian 承天 Li Guang 李僙 d. 791 Prince of Xiang 1 1 Li Gua 李适 742–805 Dezong 德宗 779–80511 Li Xuan 李宣 Prince of Yiwu 伊吾郡王 1 Li Song 李誦 761–806 Shunzong 順宗 80512 □ 1 Li Chun 李純 778–820 Xianzong 憲宗 805–82013 Li Yun 李熅 d. 887 Prince of Xiang 襄王 Emperor in Chang'an 886–887 1 3 6 13 Li Ning 李寧 793–812 Cr. Prince Huizhao Li Heng 李恆 795–824 Muzong 穆宗 820–82414 Li Wu 李悟 d. 826 Prince of Jiàng 絳王 Li Chen 李忱 810–859 Xuānzong 宣宗 846–85918 1 2 3 4 5 1 5 Li Zhan 李湛 809–827 Jingzong 敬宗 824–82715 Li Ang 李昂 809–840 Wenzong 文宗 827–84016 Li Cou 李湊 d. 835 Cr. Prince Huaiyi Li Rong 李溶 812–840 Prince of An 安王 Li Yan 李炎 814–846 65px Wuzong 武宗 840–84617 Li Cui 李漼 833–873 Yizong 懿宗 859–87319 Li Zi 李滋 d. 897 Prince of Tong 通王 1 1 5 7 Li Pu 李普 824–828 Cr. Prince Daohuai 悼懷太子 Li Chengmei 李成美 d. 840 Prince of Chen 陳王 Li Yong 李永 d. 838 Cr. Prince Zhuangke 莊恪太子 Li Xuan 李儇 862–888 Xizong 僖宗 873–88820 Li Yue 李曄 867–904 Zhaozong 昭宗 888–90421 1 9 Li Yu 李裕 d. 905 Prince of De 德王 Li Zhu 李柷 892–908 Aidi 哀帝 or Zhaoxuan 昭宣 904–90722

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

The fifty years between the fall of the Tang dynasty and the establishment of the Song dynasty were a time of upheaval known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. During this period, five short-lived imperial dynasties ruled the heart of China, while a series of small independent kingdoms were established in the south.

Later Liang

The Later Liang ruled between 907 and 923.

Later Tang

The Later Tang ruled between 923 and 937.

Later Jin

The Later Jin ruled between 936 and 947.

Later Han and Northern Han

The Later Han ruled between 947 and 951. Liu Min, brother of Emperor Gaozu the founder of the Later Han, established the Northern Han kingdom, which ruled the area north of the Chinese heartland until it was overrun by Emperor Taizong of Song in 979.

Later Zhou

The Later Zhou ruled between 951 and 960.

Former Shu

Former Shu
Wang Jian 王建 847–918 Gaozu 高祖 907–918 Wang Yan 王衍 899–925 Houzhu 后主 918–925

Later Shu

The Later Shu kingdom gained independence from the Later Tang in 934, remaining an independent state until conquered by the Song dynasty in 965.

Wu and Southern Tang

The Wu kingdom existed as an independent state 907–937. In 937 Li Bian (also known as Xu Zhigao), at one point an adopted son of Yang Xingmi and later the adopted son of the paramount general Xu Wen, usurped power and established the Southern Tang kingdom, which remained an independent state until conquered by the Song dynasty in 975.

Song dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Song dynasty, which ruled China between 960 and 1279. The names given are temple names, the form by which Song Emperors are most commonly known (with the exception of the last emperor, Bing, who is simply known by his given name). The Song dynasty is often divided into the Northern Song (960–1127), which ended when the Song lost control of Northern China to the Jin dynasty, and the Southern Song (1127–1279).

Song dynasty

– Northern Song emperors   – Southern Song emperors A dashed line denotes an adoption Zhao Hongyin 趙弘殷 899–956 Xuanzu 宣祖 2 3 Zhao Kuangyin 趙匡胤 927–976 Taizu 太祖 960–976 Zhao Guangyi 趙光義 939–997 Taizong 太宗 976–997 2 4 3 4 Zhao Dezhao 趙德昭 951–979 Prince Yi of Yan 燕懿王 Zhao Defang 趙德芳 959–981 Prince Kanghui of Qin 秦康惠王 Zhao Heng 趙恆 968–1022 Zhenzong 真宗 997–1022 Zhao Yuanfen 趙元份 969–1005 Prince Gongjing of Shang 商恭靖王 2 2 6 3 Zhao Weiji 趙惟吉 966-1010 Prince Ji 冀王 Zhao Weixian 趙惟憲 979–1016 Duke of Ying 英國公 Zhao Zhen 趙禎 1010–1063 Renzong 仁宗 1022–1063 Zhao Yunrang 趙允讓 995–1059 Prince Anyi of Pu 濮安懿王 4 3 13 Zhao Shoudu 趙守度 Marquess of Lujiang 庐江侯 Zhao Congyu 趙從郁 Marquess of Xinxing 新興侯 Zhao Shu 趙曙 1032–1067 Yingzong 英宗 1063–1067 1 Zhao Shikuo 趙世括 Duke of Jia 嘉国公 Zhao Shijiang 趙世將 Marquess of Huayin 華陰侯 Zhao Xu 趙頊 1048–1085 Shenzong 神宗 1067–1085 6 11 Zhao Lingjia 趙令稼 Duke of Fang 房国公 Zhao Linghua 趙令譮 Duke of Qing 慶國公 Zhao Xu 趙煦 1076–1100 Zhezong 哲宗 1085–1100 Zhao Ji 趙佶 1082–1135 File:Seated Portrait of Emperor Song Huizong.tif Huizong 徽宗 1100–1126 1 9 Zhao Zishi 趙子奭 Duke of Wu 吳國公 Zhao Zicheng 趙子偁 d.1143 Prince Anxi of Xiu 秀安僖王 Zhao Huan 趙桓 1100–1161 Qinzong 欽宗 1126–1127 Zhao Gou 趙構 1107–1187 Gaozong 高宗 1127–1162 2 Zhao Bowu 趙伯旿 Duke of Yi 益國公 Zhao Shen 趙昚 1127–1194 Xiaozong 孝宗 1162–1189 3 Zhao Shiyi 趙師意 Duke of Zhao 趙國公 Zhao Dun 趙惇 1147–1200 Guangzong 光宗 1189–1194 2 Zhao Xilu 趙希瓐 Prince Rong 榮王 Zhao Kuo 趙擴 1168–1224 Ningzong 寧宗 1194–1224 1 2 Zhao Yun 趙昀 1205–1264 Lizong 理宗 1224–1264 Zhao Yurui 趙與芮 1207–1287 Prince Rong 榮王 Zhao Mengqi 趙孟启 1240–1274 Duzong 度宗 1264–1274 1 2 3 Zhao Shi 趙昰 1268–1278 Duanzong 端宗 1276–1278 Zhao Xian 趙顯 1271–1323 65px Gongdi 恭帝 1274–1276 Zhao Bing 趙昺 1271–1279 Bing 昺 1278–1279

Liao, Jin, Western Xia dynasties

Liao dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Liao dynasty, which ruled much of northern China between 907 and 1125. The names given are temple names, the form by which Liao Emperors are most commonly known (with the exception of the last emperor, Tianzuodi, who was not awarded a temple name).

Yelü clan - Liao dynasty

– Liao dynasty emperors   – Dongdan Kingdom rulers   – Northern Liao rulers   – Western Liao rulers   – Tribal leaders Yelü Nieli 耶律涅里 Yelü Pidie 耶律毗牒 Yelü Keling 耶律頦領 Yelü Noulisi 耶律耨里思 Suzu 肅祖 Yelü Salade 耶律薩剌德 Yizu 辽懿祖 Yelü Yundeshi 耶律勻德實 Xuanzu 辽玄祖 Yelü Saladi 耶律撤剌的 Dezu 辽德祖 Yelü Abaoji 耶律阿保機 Taizu 太祖 872–907–926 Yelü Anduan 耶律安端 ?–947–952 Yelü Bei 耶律倍 Yizong 辽义宗 899–926- 930–937 Queen Xiao of Dongdan Kingdom 人皇王妃萧氏 ?–930–940 Yelü Deguang 耶律德光 Taizong 太宗 902–926–947 Yelü Lihu 耶律李胡 911–960 Zhangsudi 辽章肃帝 □ Yelü Ruan 耶律阮 Shizong 世宗 918–947–951 Yelü Jing 耶律璟 Muzong 穆宗 931–951–969 □ Yelü Xian 耶律賢 Jingzong 景宗 948–969–982 □ Yelü Longxu 耶律隆緒 Shengzong 聖宗 971–982–1031 □ Yelü Zongzhen 耶律宗真 Xingzong 興宗 1015–1031–1055 Liáo sì Yuándì 辽嗣元帝 Yelü Hongji 耶律洪基 Daozong 道宗 1032–1055–1101 Yelü Hélǔwò 耶律和魯斡 仁圣皇太叔 ?–1110 Yelü Āliǎn 耶律阿璉 ?–1087 □ Yelü Jun 耶律浚 1057–1077 Shunzong 顺宗 Yelü Chun 耶律淳 Xuanzong 宣宗 1062–1122 Empress Dowager Xiao Puxiannü 蕭普賢女 ?–1122 Yelü Zhulie 耶律朮烈 Yingzong 英宗 ?–1123 Yelü Dashi 耶律大石 Dezong 德宗 1087–1124–1143 Xiao Tabuyan 蕭塔不煙 Empress Gantian 感天皇后 ?–1143–1150 Yelü Yangxi 耶律延禧 1075–1128 Tianzuodi 天祚帝 1101–1125 Empress Dowager Xiao Feng 蕭德妃 ?–1122–1123 Yelü Yilie 耶律夷列 Renzong 仁宗 ?–1150–1163 Yelü Pusuwan 耶律普速完 Empress Dowager Chengtian 承天太后 ?–1163–1178 Yelü Yali 耶律雅里 1094–1123 Yelü Ding ?–1122–1123 Yelü Zhilugu 耶律直魯古 Mozhu 末主 / Modi 末帝 ?–1178–1211–1213 Taibuqa Tayang Khan of Naimans ?–1211 Princess Húnhū 渾忽公主 Küçlüg 屈出律 Usurper of Qara Khitai ?–1211–1218

Jin dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Jin dynasty. Arising from a family of Jurchen chieftains (whose inaugural years of rule are given in brackets), the dynasty was declared by Aguda in 1115; in 1125 his successor Wuqimai conquered the Liao dynasty. The Jin ruled much of northern China until their conquest by the Mongol Empire 1234. They were the cultural 'ancestors' of the Qing dynasty, which was initially named the Later Jin in recognition of this heritage. The names given are temple names, the form by which Jin emperors are most commonly known (with the exceptions of the Prince of Hailing, Prince Shao of Wei and Emperor Mo; these are posthumous names, as temple names were not awarded).

Emperors family tree

Hanpu 函普 Shizu 始祖 Wulu 烏魯 Emperor De 德皇帝 Bahai 跋海 Emperor An 安皇帝 Suike 綏可 Xianzu 獻祖 Shilu 石魯 Zhaozu 昭祖 Wugunai 烏骨迺 Jingzu 景祖 ~1050–(1021–)1074 Helibo 劾里缽 Shizu 世祖 1039–(1074–)1092 Polashu 頗刺淑 Suzong 肅宗 1042–(1092–)1094 Yingge 盈歌 Muzong 穆宗 1053–(1094–)1103 Hezhe 劾者 d. 1121 Wuyashu 烏雅束 Kangzong 康宗 1061–(1103–)1113 Aguda 阿骨打 Taizu 太祖 1068–(1113–)1115–1123 Wuqimai 吳乞買 Taizong 太宗 1075–1123–1135 □ Sagai 撒改 Wanyan Zongjun 完顏宗峻 d. 1124 Huizong 徽宗 Wanyan Zonggan 完顏宗幹 d. 1141 Dezong 德宗 Wanyan Zongfu 完顏宗輔 1096–1135 Ruizong 睿宗 Nianhan 粘罕 1080–1136 Hela 合剌 Xizong 熙宗 1119–1135–1149 Wanyan Liang 完顏亮 Pr. of Hailing 海陵王 1122–1149–1161 Wanyan Yong 完顏雍 Shizong 世宗 1123–1161–1189 Wanyan Yungong 完顏允恭 1146–1185 Xianzong 顯宗 Wanyan Yongji 完顏永濟 Pr. Shao of Wei 衛紹王 1168–1209–1213 Wanyan Jing 完顏璟 Zhangzong 章宗 1168–1190–1208 Wanyan Xun 完顏珣 Xuanzong 宣宗 1163–1213–1224 Wanyan Shouxu 完顏守緒 1234 Aizong 哀宗 1198–1224–1234 Wanyan Chenglin 完顏承麟 Emperor Mo 末帝 r. 1234; d. 1234

Western Xia and Dingnan Jiedushi

The following is a family tree of the military governor (Jiedushi) of Dingnan Circuit, the region that eventually evolved into the independent state of Western Xia, that existed between 1038 and 1227, followed by the family tree of the Western Xia emperors.

The Tuoba clan of the Xianbei of Tuyuhun founded the Western Xia. After the Tibetans destroyed the Tuyuhun in 670, its famous prince, Tuoba Chici, who controlled the Dangxiang Qiang submitted to the Tang, which "bestowed" upon him the royal name of Li (李). Towards the end of the Tang, the Tuoba brought troops to suppress the Huang Chao Rebellion (874–884) on behalf of the Tang court and took control of the Xia State, or Xia Zhou, in northern Shaanxi in 881. After the Tang fell in 907, the Tuoba descendants formally declared resistance against the expanding Northern Song in 982 and proclaimed independence to establish the Western Xia in 1038.

The foundation of Western Xia goes back to the year 982 under Li Jiqian. However, only in 1038 did the Tangut chieftain Li Yuanhao (son of Li Deming, named himself emperor of Da Xia and demanded the Song emperor recognise him as an equal. The Song court recognised Li Yuanhao as governor but not as "emperor", a title it regarded as exclusive to the Song emperor. After intense diplomatic contacts, in 1043 the Tangut state accepted the recognition of the Song emperor as emperor in exchange for annual gifts, which implied tacit recognition on the part of the Song of the military power of the Tanguts.

Family tree of the Western Xia emperors and the rulers of Dingnan

Possibly Dai state ancestor? (family) skipped generations Li/Tuoba Chici 李/拓跋赤辭 ?–?–634–? skipped generations Template:Colour Tuoba Chongjian 拓跋重建 Li Sijing 李思敬 Li/Tuoba Sigong 李/拓跋思恭 ?v881–886 Li Siyao 李思瑶 Li Sixiao 李思孝 Li Sijian 李思諫 ?–895–896–908 Li Sizhong 李思忠 Li Renyou 李仁祐 Li Chengqing 李成庆 896–? Li Renfu 李仁福 ?–909–931 □ Li Renyan 李仁颜 Li Yiyun 李彝氲 Li Yixing 李彝興 ?–935–967 Li Yichao 李彝超 ?–933–935 Li Yiwen 李彝温 Li Yimin 李彝敏 d. 943 Li Yijin 李彝谨 Li Yijun 李彝俊 Li Yichang 李彝昌 ?–908–909/910 Li Yijing 李彝景 Li Kexian 李克宪 Li Guangmei 李光美 Li Guangsui 李光遂 Li Kerui 李克睿 935–967–978 Li Kexin 李克信 Li Guanglian 李光琏 Li Guangyi 李光义 Li Guangyan 李光俨 Li Guangpu 李光普 Li Guangxin 李光新 Li Kewen 李克文 Li Jiyun 李继筠 957–978–979 Li Jipeng 李继捧 957–980–982 –988–994–1004 Li Guangxiu 李光琇 Li Guanglin 李光璘 Li Guangcong 李光琮 Li Jiqian 李繼遷 963–982–1004 Li Jichong Li Jiyuan 李继瑗 Liyongge 李永哥 Li Pilu 李丕禄 Li Deming 李德明 981–1004–1032 Template:Colour Li Yuanhao 李元昊 1003–1048 Jingzong r. 1038–10481 Li Chengyu 李成遇 Li Chengwei 嵬名锡狸 嵬名阿哩 嵬名寧明 嵬名寧令哥 □ Li Liangzuo 李諒祚 (1047–1068) Yizong r. 1048–10682 Li Bingchang 李秉常 1061–1086 Huizong 嵬名秉常 r. 1068–10863 Li Qianshun 李乾順 (1084–1139) Chongzong r. 1086–11394 嵬名察哥 Li Renxiao 李仁孝 (1124–1193) Renzong 仁宗 r. 1139–11935 Li Renyou 李仁友 Li Yanzong 李彦宗 Li Chunyou 李純佑 (1177–1206) Huanzong 桓宗 r. 1193–12066 Li Anquan 李安全 1170–1211 Xiangzong 襄宗 r. 1206–12117 Li Zunxu 李遵頊 (1163–1226) Shenzong 神宗 r. 1211–12238 嵬名承祯 Li Deren 李德任 Li Dewang 李德旺 (1181–1226) Xianzong 獻宗 r. 1223–12269 清平郡王 Li Xian 李睍 (d. 1227) Modi/ Mozhu r. 1226–122710

References

• Drompp, Michael Robert (2005). Tang China and the collapse of the Uighur Empire: a documentary history. 13 of Brill's Inner Asian library (illustrated ed.). BRILL. ISBN 9004141294. https://books.google.com/books?id=NB6DEdAxLOsC. Retrieved February 8, 2012. 
• Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1934). The Chinese: their history and culture. 1 (2nd ed.). Macmillan. https://archive.org/details/chinesetheirhist10lato. Retrieved February 8, 2012. 
• Victor H. Mair; Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt; Paul Rakita Goldin (2005). Hawai'i reader in traditional Chinese culture (illustrated ed.). University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0824827856. https://books.google.com/books?id=XdouAQAAIAAJ. Retrieved February 8, 2012. 
• Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1889). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 21. the Twenty-First. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 13, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society. https://books.google.com/books?id=0nyFAAAAIAAJ. Retrieved February 8, 2012.