Social:Gros Ventre language
| Gros Ventre | |
|---|---|
| Native to | United States |
| Region | Montana |
| Ethnicity | Gros Ventre |
| Extinct | 2007, with the death of Theresa Lamebull[1] |
| Revival | 45 self-identified speakers as of 2009-2013[2] |
Algic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ats |
| Glottolog | gros1243[3] |
 Historical extent of the language | |
Atsina, or Gros Ventre (also known as Ananin, Ahahnelin, Ahe and A’ani),[4] is the ancestral language of the Gros Ventre people of Montana. The last fluent speaker died in 2007,[1] though revitalization efforts are underway.
History
Atsina is the name applied by specialists in Algonquian linguistics. Arapaho and Atsina are dialects of a common language usually designated by scholars as "Arapaho-Atsina". Historically, this language had five dialects, and on occasion specialists add a third dialect name to the label, resulting in the designation, "Arapaho-Atsina-Nawathinehena".[1] Compared with Arapaho proper, Gros Ventre had three additional phonemes /tʲ/, /ts/, /kʲ/, and /bʲ/, and lacked the velar fricative /x/.
Theresa Lamebull taught the language at Fort Belknap College (now Aaniiih Nakoda College), and helped develop a dictionary using the Phraselator when she was 109.[5]
As of 2012, the White Clay Immersion School at Aaniiih Nakoda College was teaching the language to 26 students, up from 11 students in 2006.[4][6]
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | plain | b | t | k | ʔ | ||
| palatalized | bʲ | tʲ | kʲ | ||||
| Fricative | θ | s | h | ||||
| Affricate | ts | tʃ | |||||
| Nasal | n | ||||||
| Approximant | w | j | |||||
Vowels
| Short | Long | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | ɪ | iː |
| Mid | ɛ | eː |
| Back | ɔ | oː |
| ʊ | uː |
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Mithun 336
- ↑ "Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English" (in en-US). US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2013/demo/2009-2013-lang-tables.html.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Gros Ventre". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/gros1243.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Immersion School is Saving a Native American Language". Indian Country Today Media Network. 2012-02-12. http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/02/12/immersion-school-is-saving-a-native-american-language-97341. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
- ↑ "The Phraselator II". The American Magazine. http://www.american.com/archive/2007/october-10-07/the-phraselator-ii. Retrieved 2013-05-12.
- ↑ Boswell, Evelyn (2008-12-04). "MSU grads preserve a native language, keep tribal philosophies alive". MSU News Service. http://www.montana.edu/cpa/news/nwview.php?article=6606. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
- ↑ Salzmann, Zdeněk (1969). Salvage Phonology of Gros Ventre (Atsina).
References
- Mithun, Marianne (1999) The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Further reading
- Malainey, Mary E. 2005. The Gros Ventre/Fall Indians in historical and archaeological interpretation. Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 25(1):155-183.
External links
- Native Languages of the Americas: Gros Ventre (Ahe, Ahahnelin, Aane, Atsina)
- Gros Ventre Language Word Sets, Fort Belknap College
- Gros Ventre Dictionary
- Capriccioso, Rob (2007-10-09). "The Phraselator II". The American Magazine. http://www.american.com/archive/2007/october-10-07/the-phraselator-ii. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
- "OLAC, Open Language Archives Community: Gros Ventre". http://www.language-archives.org/item/oai:blc.berkeley.edu:la.75. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
- "A Basic Guide in Tri-Lingual Education in Gros Ventre and Assiniboine.". http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED324172&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED324172. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
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