Social:Hinduri language
| Hinduri | |
|---|---|
| Handuri | |
| हिंडूरी, hiṁḍūrī हंडूरी, haṁḍūrī | |
 The word "Hinduri" written in Devanagari script | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Nalagarh, Himachal Pradesh |
Native speakers | (47,800 cited 2001 census)e25 Census results conflate some speakers with Hindi.[1] |
Indo-European
| |
| Takri,[2] Devanagari[3] | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | hii |
| Glottolog | hind1267[4] |
Hinduri (or Handuri) is a Western Pahari language of northern India. It was classified as a dialect under the Kiunthali Group.[5]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Retroflex | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiced | m | n | ɳ | ŋ | ||
| breathy | mʱ | nʱ | |||||
| Stop/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | ʈ | tɕ | k | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ | tɕʰ | kʰ | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | dʑ | ɡ | ||
| breathy | bʱ | dʱ | ɖʱ | dʑʱ | ɡʱ | ||
| Fricative | s | ɕ | h | ||||
| Rhotic | voiced | r | ɽ | ||||
| breathy | ɽʱ | ||||||
| Lateral | voiced | l | ɭ | ||||
| breathy | lʱ | ||||||
| Approximant | w | j | |||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | iː | uː | |
| ɪ | ʊ | ||
| Mid | eː | ə | oː |
| ɛ | ɔ | ||
| Low | (æ) | ɑ ɑː | |
Script
Status
The language is commonly called Pahari or Himachali. Some speakers may even call it a dialect of Punjabi or Dogri. The language has no official status. According to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the language is of critically endangered category, i.e. the youngest speakers of Handuri are generally grandparents or older and they too speak it infrequently or partially.[7]
The demand for the inclusion of 'Pahari (Himachali)' under the Eight Schedule of the Constitution, which is supposed to represent multiple Pahari languages of Himachal Pradesh, had been made in the year 2010 by the state's Vidhan Sabha.[8] There has been no positive progress on this matter since then even when small organisations are striving to save the language.[9] The language is currently recorded as a dialect of Hindi,[10] even when having a poor mutual intelligibility with it.
References
- ↑ "Census of India: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues –2001". http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.aspx.
- ↑ LSI 1898.
- ↑ Linguistic Survey Of India (Volume 9, Part 4). pp. 586–592.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Hinduri". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/hind1267.
- ↑ Linguistic Survey Of India (Volume 9, Part 4). pp. 586–592.
- ↑ Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. India. 1916. pp. 588–590.
- ↑ "Endangered Language". 15 April 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered.
- ↑ "Pahari Inclusion". Zee News. https://zeenews.india.com/news/himachal-pradesh/hp-for-inclusion-of-pahari-language-in-eighth-schedule_615857.html.
- ↑ "Pahari Inclusion". The Statesman. https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/demand-for-pahari-as-language-in-8th-schedule-of-constitution-1479046804.html.
- ↑ "Indian Language Census". https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf.
Template:Dogri-Kangri languages
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