Social:Koiarian languages
| Koiarian | |
|---|---|
| Koiari – Managalas Plateau | |
| Geographic distribution | Southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea: Central Province and Oro Province |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | koia1260[2] |
The Koiarian languages /kɔɪˈɑːriən/[3] Koiari are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are sometimes included in a speculative Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea (TNG), but the Southeast Papuan families have not been shown to be any more closely related to each other than they are to other TNG families.
Languages
The languages are:
- Koiaric branch: Grass Koiari, Mountain Koiari–Koitabu
- Baraic branch: Barai–Namiae, Ese (Managalasi), Ömie
Dutton (2010) classifies the Koiarian languages as:[4]:3
- Baraic
- Ömie
- Barai–Managalasi
- Koiaric
- Mountain Koiari
- Koita–Koiari
Pronouns
Pronouns are:
sg pl 1 ? *no 2 *a *ya 3 *ahu *yabu
1sg is Koiaric *da (= nda?) or maybe *di, Baraic *na.
Evolution
Koiarian reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[5]
Koiari language:
- muka ‘lump’ < *maŋgV ‘round object’
- uni ‘egg’ < *mun(a,i,u)ka
- idu ‘tree’ < *inda
- iya ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
- karika ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata
- muni ‘stone < *(na)muna
- nana ‘older same-sex sibling’ < *nan(a,i)
- u-tuvu ‘ashes’ < *kambu-sumbu
Managalasi language:
- ata ‘bone’ < *kondaC
- muka ‘lump’ < *maŋgV ‘round object’
- iha ‘name’ < *imbi
- uma ‘louse’ < *iman
- uka ‘bird’ < *yaka
- tuua ‘short’ < *tukumba[C]
- muna ‘stone’ < *(na)muna
- ija ‘tree’ < *inda
- otoka ‘knee’ < *(k,ŋg)atuk
- kora ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata
Phonotactics
Like the Binanderean languages, Barai and other Koiarian languages only allow for open syllables and do not allow final CVC.[5]:87
References
- ↑ New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Koiarian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/koia1260.
- ↑ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
- ↑ Dutton, Tom. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family. (Pacific Linguistics, 610.) Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". in Palmer, Bill. The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21-196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". in Andrew Pawley. Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
Further reading
- Proto-Koiarian. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- Proto-Koiariac. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- Proto-Baraic. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
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