Solomon four-group design
The Solomon four-group design is a research method developed by Richard Solomon in 1949.[1] It is sometimes used in social science, psychology and medicine. It can be used if there are concerns that the treatment might be sensitized by the pre-test.[2] In addition of the usual two groups (treatment and control), it has a second pair of groups who do not receive a pre-intervention evaluation.
Structure
The structure of the trial is shown in the table :[citation needed]
| Group | Pre-intervention | Intervention | Post-intervention |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Test | Treatment | Test |
| 2 | Test | Control | Test |
| 3 | No test | Treatment | Test |
| 4 | No test | Control | Test |
The first two groups receive the evaluation test before and after the study, as in a normal two-group trial. The second groups receive the evaluation only after the study.[citation needed]
The effectiveness of the treatment can be evaluated by comparisons between groups 1 and 3 and between groups 2 and 4.[citation needed]. In addition, the effect of the pre-treatment evaluation can be calculated by comparing the control group who received the pre-treatment evaluation with those who did not (groups 2 and 4).
Various statistical treatments for the Solomon four-group design have been put forward, including Stouffer's Z and Monte Carlo.[3][4]
References
- ↑ Navarro, Mario; Siegel, Jason T. (2018). "Solomon Four-Group Design". SAGE Publications. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323412815. Retrieved 22 November 2019. ""The Solomon four-group design, developed by Richard Solomon in 1949, was devised to overcome the problem of pretest sensitization.""
- ↑ Introduction to Research in Education by Donald Ary, Lucy Jacobs, Christine Sorensen
- ↑ Sawilowsky, Shlomo S.; Markman, Barry S. (1988). "Another Look At The Power Of Meta-Analysis In The Solomon Four-Group Design". Education Resources Information Center. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED316556.pdf. Retrieved 22 November 2019. ""This paper demonstrates that a meta-analysis technique applied to the Solomon Four-Group Design (SFGD) can fail to find significance even though an earlier 'weaker' test may have found significance.""
- ↑ Sawilowsky, Shlomo S.; Kelley, D. Lynn; Blair, R. Clifford; Markman, Barry S. (1994). "Meta-Analysis and the Solomon Four-Group Design". The Journal of Experimental Education (JSTOR) 62 (4): 361–376. doi:10.1080/00220973.1994.9944140. ""The present study is a Monte Carlo demonstration."".
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