Telepen
Telepen the a name of a barcode symbology designed to express all 128 ASCII characters without using shift characters for code switching, and using only two different widths for bars and spaces.[1] (Unlike Code 128, which uses shifts and four different element widths.)[2] The symbology was devised by George Sims of SB Electronic Systems Ltd.[3][4] Telepen was originally designed in the UK in 1972.
Unlike most linear barcodes, Telepen does not define independent encodings for each character, but instead operates on a stream of bits. It is able to represent any bit stream containing an even number of 0 bit, and is applied to ASCII bytes with even parity, which satisfies that rule. Bytes are encoded in little-endian bit order.
The string of bits is divided into 1 bit, and blocks of the form 01*0. That is, blocks beginning an ending with a 0 bit, with any number of 1 bits in between.
These are then encoded as follows:
- "1" is encoded as a narrow bar-narrow space
- "00" is encoded as a wide bar-narrow space
- "010" is encoded as wide bar-wide space
- Otherwise, the leading "01" and trailing "10" are both encoded as narrow bar-wide space, with additional 1 bit in between coded as described above.
Wide elements are 3 times the width of narrow elements, so every bit occupies 2 narrow elements of space.
Barcodes always start with ASCII (underscore). This has code 0x5F, so the (lsbit-first) bit stream is 11111010. Thus, it is represented as 5 narrow bar/narrow space pairs, followed by a wide bar/wide space.
Barcodes always end with ASCII z. This has (including parity) code 0xFA, so the (lsbit-first) bit stream is 01011111. This is encoded as a wide bar/wide space, followed by 5 narrow bar/narrow space pairs. Each end of the bar code consists of repeated narrow elements terminated by a pair of wide elements, but the start has a wide bar first, while if the code is read in reverse, the wide space will be encountered first.
In addition to per-character parity bits, a Telepen symbol includes an overall modulo-127 checksum.
References
- ↑ Bushnell Associates and American Gas Association. 1989. The Bar Code Book: Introduction to Barcode Technology for the Gas Industry: System Planning Applications and Resources. American Gas Association. (Microfilm Series) Page 37 (39 in file)
- ↑ "Telepen Barcode Symbology". Telepen (telepen.co.uk). http://www.telepen.co.uk/telepen_symbology.htm. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ↑ "Telepen". https://barcodeguide.seagullscientific.com/Content/Symbologies/Telepen.htm.
- ↑ "Telepen: Barcode Symbology information and History". Advanova. https://advanova.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Barcode-Symbology-information-and-History.pdf.
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