Trefoil

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Short description: Artistic representation of three circular leaf shapes used in architecture
Architectural trefoil

A trefoil (from la trifolium 'three-leaved plant') is a graphic form composed of the outline of three overlapping rings, used in architecture, Pagan and Christian symbolism, among other areas. The term is also applied to other symbols with a threefold shape. A similar shape with four rings is called a quatrefoil.

Architecture

Ornamentation

'Trefoil' is a term in Gothic architecture given to the ornamental foliation or cusping introduced in the heads of window-lights, tracery, and panellings, in which the centre takes the form of a three-lobed leaf (formed from three partially overlapping circles). One of the earliest examples is in the plate tracery at Winchester Cathedral (1222–1235). The fourfold version of an architectural trefoil is a quatrefoil.

A simple trefoil shape in itself can be symbolic of the Trinity,[1] while a trefoil combined with an equilateral triangle was also a moderately common symbol of the Christian Trinity during the late Middle Ages in some parts of Europe, similar to a barbed quatrefoil. Two forms of a trefoil combined with a triangle are shown below:

  • The outline of three interlocking circles with an equilateral triangle in the centre.

    Outlined

  • Three interlocking circles with a triangle in the centre, the full, interlocking lines of each now shown.

    Interlaced

A dove, which symbolizes the Holy Spirit, is sometimes depicted within the outlined form of the trefoil combined with a triangle.

Architectural layout

In architecture and archaeology, a 'trefoil' describes a layout or floor plan consisting of three apses in clover-leaf shape, as for example in the Megalithic temples of Malta.

Particularly in church architecture, such a layout may be called a "triconchos".

  • A diagram of six examples of evolving temple floor plans, evolving clockwise, labelled Typologie des temples ("temple typology"). The floor plans evolve from small, simple rooms to much larger and more elaborate constructions.

    Evolution of layout of Maltese Megalithic temples; Skorba (upper right) has a typical trefoil plan

  • A triconchos floor plan, showing a wall with a door on the left side and three trefoil-like alcoves on the right.

    A typical triconchos

Heraldry

The heraldic 'trefoil' is a stylized clover. It should not be confused with the figure named in French heraldry tiercefeuille ("threefoil"), which is a stylized flower with three petals, and differs from the heraldic trefoil in being not slipped.[2][lower-alpha 1]

  • Trefoil in heraldry

  • Or a fess sable between three trefoils vert

  • Gules a cross flory argent between four tiercefeuilles Or

  • Croatian trefoil badge worn by Royal Croatian Home Guard during Austria-Hungary, depicting oak leaves[3]

  • Croatian trefoil used by the Axis-sympathetic Croatian Air Force Legion in World War II, formed from a defaced Balkenkreuz[4]

Symbols

Symmetrical trefoils are particularly popular as warning and informational symbols. If a box containing hazardous material is moved around and shifted into different positions, it is still easy to recognize the symbol,[5] while the distinctive trefoil design of the recycling symbol makes it easy for a consumer to notice and identify the packaging the symbol has been printed on as recyclable. Easily stenciled symbols are also favored.

While the green trefoil is considered by many to be the symbol of Ireland, the harp has much greater officially recognized status. Therefore, shamrocks generally do not appear on Irish coins or postage stamps.

A trefoil is also part of the logo for Adidas Originals, which also includes three stripes.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The French terms 'quartefeuille' and 'quintefeuille' are translated as 'quatrefoils' and 'cinquefoils'.

References

  1. ↑ Our Christian Symbols by Friedrich Rest (ISBN:0-8298-0099-9), p. 17
  2. ↑ "Online Encyclopedia of Western Signs and Ideograms - Symbol 24:51". Symbols.com. 1997–2006. http://www.symbols.com/encyclopedia/24/2451.html. 
  3. ↑ Krleža, Miroslav (1933). "Kraljevska ugarska domobranska novela". Croatian God Mars (1 ed.). Zagreb: Minerva. p. 130. ISBN 9788601013537. https://books.google.com/books?id=yJE4AQAAIAAJ&q=trolistom+hrastovim. "U stara mirna vremena, kada je koji general držao smotru, pa se na cvjetnoj tratini skupili bataljoni zdravih četa u kalpacima i dolamama u paradi, svi okićeni trolistom hrastovim, svi ulašteni i izglačani, a trube udaraju i glazbe tresu zrakom, te tutnji kavalkada sa crvenim svilenim ruhom generaliteta i zelenim perjanicama, onda je bilo i neke inspiracije u tim puškohvatima. Svi stari soldati gledali su romantično na paradni osamnaesti augusta koji je počeo s topničkim salvama, a svršavao s lampionadom." 
  4. ↑ "History of 15./Jg 52". http://www.15jg52.com/history_real.asp. 
  5. ↑ "Committee on Microbiological Safety - HMS". http://www.hms.harvard.edu/orsp/coms/BiosafetyResources/History-of-Biohazard-Symbol.htm. 

External links



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