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{{Short description|Design used for Soviet space probes to Mars and Venus}}
[[Image:Mars3_iki.jpg|thumb|right|150 px|'''M-71''' - 3MS version]]
[[Image:Mars6.gif|thumb|right|150 px|'''M-73''' - 3MP version]]
[[Image:Astron.gif|thumb|right|150 px|'''Astron''']]

The '''4MV planetary probe''' (short for 4th-generation Mars-Venus probe) is a designation for a common design used for Soviet unmanned [[Engineering:Space probe|probes]] to Mars and Venus. It was an incremental improvement of earlier [[Astronomy:3MV|3MV]] probes and was used for [[Astronomy:Mars program|Mars missions]] 4 to 7 and [[Astronomy:Venera|Venera missions]] 9 to 16. The same base design was used for some earth-orbiting space observatories.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/4/404page.html|title=Encyclopedia Astronautica Index: 1|website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref>

==Design==
The spacecraft bus has a height of {{convert|2.8|m|sp=us}} and a solar panel span of {{convert|6.7|m|sp=us}}. The central section of the bus has a diameter of about {{convert|1|m|sp=us|spell=in}} and contained propellant. The main engine (KRD-425A) is encircled by a conical instrument compartment with the diameter of {{convert|2.35|m|sp=us}} at the base.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/venera75.html|title=Venera-9 and 10|website=www.russianspaceweb.com}}</ref>

==Variants==
*Mars '''M-69''': M-69 No.521, M-69 No.522
*Mars '''M-71'''|3MS:Cosmos 419 (M-71|3MS No.170), [[Astronomy:Mars 2|Mars 2]] (M-71 No.171), [[Astronomy:Mars 3|Mars 3]] (M-71 No.172)
*'''Prognoz''': [[Engineering:Prognoz (satellite)|Prognoz]] 1 to 9, Intercosmos 23
*Mars '''M-73'''|3MS|3MP: [[Astronomy:Mars 4|Mars 4]] (M-73|3MS No.52S), [[Astronomy:Mars 5|Mars 5]] (M-73|3MS No.53S), [[Astronomy:Mars 6|Mars 6]] (M-73|3MP No.50P), [[Astronomy:Mars 7|Mars 7]] (M-73|3MP No.51P)
*Venera '''4V-1''': [[Astronomy:Venera 9|Venera 9]] (4V-1 No.660), [[Astronomy:Venera 10|Venera 10]] (4V-1 No.661), [[Astronomy:Venera 11|Venera 11]] (4V-1 No.360), [[Astronomy:Venera 12|Venera 12]] (4V-1 No.361), [[Astronomy:Venera 13|Venera 13]] (4V-1 No.760),  [[Astronomy:Venera 14|Venera 14]] (4V-1 No.761)
*'''Astron''': [[Engineering:Astron (spacecraft)|Astron]]
*Venera '''4V-2''': [[Astronomy:Venera 15|Venera 15]] (4V-2 No.860), [[Astronomy:Venera 16|Venera 16]] (4V-2 No.861)
*'''Granat''': [[Astronomy:Granat|Granat]]

{{Commons|Category:4MV}}

== See also ==
* [[Astronomy:Soviet space program|Soviet space program]]
* [[Astronomy:Venera|Venera]]
* [[Astronomy:3MV|3MV]]


==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:4MV| ]]
[[Category:Soviet Mars missions]]
[[Category:Soviet Venus missions]]
[[Category:Soviet space probes]]

{{USSR space probes}}

{{Sourceattribution|4MV}}