View source for Astronomy:List of rocks on Mars

{{short description|Alphabetical list of named rocks and meteorites found on Mars}}
This is an alphabetical list of named rocks (and [[Astronomy:Meteorite|meteorite]]s) found on [[Astronomy:Mars|Mars]], by mission. This list is a sampling of rocks viewed, and is not an exhaustive listing. A more complete listing may be found on the various NASA mission web sites. This listing does ''not'' include Martian meteorites found on Earth.

Names for Mars [[Earth:Rock (geology)|rocks]] are largely unofficial designations used for ease of discussion purposes, as the [[Organization:International Astronomical Union|International Astronomical Union]]'s official [[Astronomy:Planetary nomenclature|Martian naming system]] declares that objects smaller than {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}} are not to be given official names. Because of this, some less significant rocks seen in photos returned by Mars rovers have been named more than once, and others have even had their names changed later due to conflicts or even matters of opinion. Often rocks are named after the children or family members of astronauts or NASA employees. The name ''Jazzy'', for example, was taken from a girl named Jazzy who grew up in Grand Junction, Colorado, USA. Her father worked for NASA and contributed to the findings and naming of the rocks.
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{{Features and artificial objects on Mars}}
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== 1976 – Viking program: ''Viking 1'' and ''Viking 2'' landers ==
{{see also|Viking program}} {{anchor|Viking}}

'''''[[Astronomy:Viking 1|Viking 1]]'' Lander – July 20, 1976; ''Last Earth Contact'' – November 13, 1982.'''<ref name="NASA-20061218">{{cite web |last=Williams |first=David R. Dr. |title=Viking Mission to Mars|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/viking.html |date=December 18, 2006 |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]]|access-date=February 2, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="NASA-Viking1">{{cite web |last=Nelson |first=Jon |title=Viking 1 |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/viking-1/ |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=February 2, 2014 }}</ref><br />
''Viking 1'' was operational on Mars for {{age in sols|1976|07|20|1982|11|13}} [[Astronomy:Timekeeping on Mars#Sols|sols]] ({{age in days|1976|07|20|1982|11|13}} days; <SMALL>''{{age in years and days|20 Jul 1976|13 Nov 1982}}''</SMALL>).<br />
Mars landing coordinates: {{Coord|22.48|N|49.97|W|globe:Mars|name=Viking 1 lander}}<ref name="NASA-20061218" /><br />
{{cmn|colwidth=18em|
* Bashful
* Big Joe
* Delta
* Dopey
* Grumpy
* Metate 1
* Metate 2
* Midas Muffler
* Patch
* Sleepy
* Sponge
* Whale
}}

'''''[[Astronomy:Viking 2|Viking 2]]'' Lander – September 3, 1976; ''Last Earth Contact'' – April 11, 1980.'''<ref name="NASA-20061218" /><ref name="NASA-Viking2">{{cite web |last=Nelson |first=Jon |title=Viking 2 |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/viking-2/ |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=February 2, 2014 }}</ref><br />
''Viking 2'' was operational on Mars for {{age in sols|1976|09|03|1980|04|11}} [[Astronomy:Timekeeping on Mars#Sols|sols]] ({{age in days|1976|09|03|1980|04|11}} days; <SMALL>''{{age in years and days|03 Sep 1976|11 Apr 1980}}''</SMALL>).<br />
Mars landing coordinates: {{Coord|47.97|N|225.74|W|globe:Mars|name=Viking 2 lander}}<ref name="NASA-20061218" /><br />
''<small>([[Raw image format|Raw Images]] - [http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/vlander/images.html Camera/Sol] and [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/targetFamily/Mars?subselect=Spacecraft%3AViking+Lander+1%3AMission%3AViking 1-JPL] and [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/targetFamily/Mars?subselect=Spacecraft%3AViking+Lander+2%3AMission%3AViking 2-JPL] + [http://pds.nasa.gov/tools/nasa-view.shtml NASA Image Viewer].)</small>''
{{cmn|colwidth=18em|
* Bonneville
* Centaur
* Doc
* Happy
* Icl
* Mr. Badger
* Mr. Mole
* Mr. Rat
* Mr. Toad
* Notch
* Other
* Plymouth
* Sneezy
* Snow White
* Titan
}}
<gallery>
File:MarsViking1Lander-BigJoeRock-19780211.jpg|Big Joe rock on Mars – viewed by the ''[[Astronomy:Viking 1|Viking 1]]'' Lander (February 11, 1978).
File:Mars Viking 11h016.png|Big Joe rock on Mars – viewed by the ''[[Astronomy:Viking 1|Viking 1]]'' Lander (February 11, 1978).
File:PIA00572-MarsRock-BigJoe-19970228.jpg|Big Joe rock on Mars – viewed by the ''[[Astronomy:Viking 1|Viking 1]]'' Lander.
File:PIA00563-Viking1-FirstColorImage-19760721.jpg|Rocks on Mars – viewed by the ''Viking 1'' Lander (July 21, 1976).
File:First Color Image of the Viking Lander 2 Site.jpg|Rocks on Mars – viewed by the ''[[Astronomy:Viking 2|Viking 2]]'' Lander (September 5, 1976).
File:Vl2 22g144-MarsViking2-19770925.gif|Rocks on Mars – viewed by the ''Viking 2'' Lander (September 25, 1977).
</gallery>
{{Wide image|Mars_Viking_12a001.png|800px|Panorama of rocks near the ''[[Astronomy:Viking 1|Viking 1]]'' Lander (July 20, 1976) - First "clear" image ever transmitted from the surface of Mars.}}
{{Wide image|PIA00391-Viking1Lander-19760723.jpg|800px|Panorama of rocks near the ''[[Astronomy:Viking 1|Viking 1]]'' Lander (July 23, 1976).}}
{{Wide image|Panorama-VikingLander2-1-1976.jpg |800px|Panorama of rocks near the ''[[Astronomy:Viking 2|Viking 2]]'' Lander (1976).}}
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== 1997 – ''Sojourner'' rover (Mars Pathfinder) ==

'''[[Engineering:Sojourner (rover)|''{{visible anchor|Sojourner}}'' rover]] – July 4, 1997; ''Last Earth Contact'' – September 27, 1997.'''<ref name="NASA-Sojourner">{{cite web |last=Nelson |first=Jon |title=Mars Pathfinder / Sojourner Rover |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/details.php?id=5913 |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=February 2, 2014 }}</ref><br />
''Sojourner'' was operational on Mars for {{age in sols|1997|07|04|1997|10|07}} [[Astronomy:Timekeeping on Mars#Sols|sols]] ({{age in days|1997|07|04|1997|10|07}} days; <SMALL>''{{age in years and days|04 Jul 1997|07 Oct 1997}}''</SMALL>).<br />
Mars landing coordinates: {{Coord|19|7|48|N|33|13|12|W|globe:Mars|name=Sojourner rover (Mars Pathfinder)}}<br />
''<small>([[Raw image format|Raw Images]] - [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/mesur.html 1-Camera/Sol] and [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/mpf/image-arc.html 2-Camera/Sol] and [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/index1.html 3-Camera/Sol] and [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/targetFamily/Mars?subselect=Spacecraft%3AMars+Pathfinder+Rover%3AMission%3AMars+Pathfinder+%28MPF%29 1-JPL] and [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/targetFamily/Mars?subselect=Spacecraft%3AMars+Pathfinder+Lander%3AMission%3AMars+Pathfinder+%28MPF%29 2-JPL] + [http://pds.nasa.gov/tools/nasa-view.shtml NASA Image Viewer].)</small>''
{{div col|colwidth=11em}}
* Anthill
* Auto
* Baby Otter
* Bama
* Bambam
* Barnacle Bill
* Barsoom
* Basket
* Bebob
* Blackhawk
* Book Shelf
* Booboo
* Bosco
* Boyle
* Brak
* Brick
* Broken Wall
* Bug
* Bullwinkle
* Bunky
* Cabbage Patch
* Calvin
* Cardiac Hill
* Casper
* Chimp
* Clumk
* Contour
* Couch
* Cradle
* Darth Vader
* Desert Princess
* Dilbert
* Dilbert's Boss
* Dogbert
* Dragon
* Duck
* Elvis
* Ender
* Flat Top
* Flipper
* Flute Top
* Frog
* Froggy
* Garfield
* Garibaldi
* Garrak
* Geordi
* Ginger
* Goldilocks
* Goose
* Gosling
* Grandma
* Grizzly
* Grommit
* Gumby
* Half Dome
* Hamster
* Hardstop
* Hassock
* Hedgehog
* Hero
* Hippo
* Hobbs
* Homer
* Hoppy
* Iggie
* Iguana
* Indiana Jones
* Jailhouse
* Janeway
* Jazzy
* Jedi
* Jimmy Cricket
* Kitten
* Lamb
* Landon
* Little Flat Top
* Longhorn
* Lookout
* Lozenge
* Lumpy
* Lunchbox
* Mafalda
* Marvin the Martian
* Matterhorn
* Mesa
* Mini
* Mint Julep
* Moe
* Mohawk
* Mouse
* Mr. Mole
* Nibbles
* Nigel
* Obelisk
* Otter
* Pancake
* Paz
* Penguin
* Picnic
* Piglet
* Pinky
* Pinocchio
* Piper
* Platypus
* Pokey
* Poohbear
* Poptart
* Potato
* Pumpkin
* Pyramid
* Pyramid Point
* Ratbert
* Ren
* Rocky
* Rolling Stone
* Rye Bread
* Sandworm
* Sardine
* Sassafras
* Scooby Doo
* Scout
* Seawolf
* Shaggy
* Shark
* Simba
* Sisyphus
* Smidgen
* Snoopy
* Snowy
* Snukums
* Souffle
* Squash
* Squeeze
* Space Ghost
* Spock
* Spud
* Stack
* Stimpy
* Stripe
* Stump
* Sulu
* T. Rex
* The Dice
* Tick
* Tigger
* Titus
* Torres
* Troll
* Trooper
* Turtle
* Tweak
* Valentine
* Warthog
* Wedge
* Woodie
* [[Astronomy:Yogi Rock|Yogi]]
* Zaphod
* Zorak
* Zucchini
{{div col end}}
<gallery>
File:PIA01238.jpg|Rover Map of ''Sojourner's'' route on Mars (Sol 83, 1997) ([http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mars-pathfinder/ Archive]).
File:Sojourner and Barnacle Bill.jpg|Barnacle Bill rock on Mars – near the ''Sojourner'' rover.
File:PIA00819left-MarsRock-BarnacleBill.gif|Barnacle Bill rock on Mars - viewed by the ''Sojourner'' rover.
File:Yogi Rock.jpg|[[Astronomy:Yogi Rock|Yogi]] rock (circled) on Mars – near the ''Sojourner'' rover.
File:Pathfinder01.jpg|Yogi rock on Mars – analyzed by the ''Sojourner'' rover.
File:NASA-MarsRock-Yogi-SuperRes.jpg|Yogi rock on Mars - viewed by the ''Sojourner'' rover.
</gallery>
{{Wide image|MarsPathfinder-RockNames-1997.jpg |800px|Panorama of rocks near the ''Sojourner'' rover (July 10, 1997).}}
{{Wide image|PIA01153.jpg |800px|Panorama of rocks near the ''Sojourner'' rover (December 5, 1997).}}
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== 2004 – ''Spirit'' rover (MER-A) ==

'''''{{visible anchor|Spirit}}'' Rover – January 4, 2004; ''Last Earth Contact'' – May 25, 2011.'''<ref name="NASA-Spirit">{{cite web |last=Nelson |first=Jon |title=Mars Exploration Rover - Spirit |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/details.php?id=5917 |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=February 2, 2014 }}</ref><br />
''Spirit'' was operational on Mars for {{age in sols|2004|01|04|2010|03|22}} [[Astronomy:Timekeeping on Mars#Sols|sols]] ({{age in days|2004|01|24|2010|03|22}} days; <SMALL>''{{age in years and days|04 Jan 2004|22 Mar 2010}}''</SMALL>).<br />
Mars landing coordinates: {{Coord|14.5684|S|175.472636|E|globe:Mars|name=Spirit rover}}<ref name="Esri-Mapping">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Mapping the Mars Rovers' Landing Sites |url=http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0404/mapmars3of3.html |work=[[Company:Esri|Esri]] |access-date=May 4, 2014 }}</ref><br />
''<small>([[Raw image format|Raw Images]] - [http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/spirit.html Camera/Sol] and [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/targetFamily/Mars?subselect=Spacecraft%3ASpirit%3AMission%3AMars+Exploration+Rover+%28MER%29 JPL] + [http://pds.nasa.gov/tools/nasa-view.shtml NASA Image Viewer].)</small>''
{{div col|colwidth=11em}}
* Aboa
* [[Astronomy:Adirondack (Mars)|Adirondack]]
* Allan Hills ([[Astronomy:Iron meteorite|iron meteorite]])
* Arctowski
* Belgrand
* Bread-Basket
* Casey Station
* Castilla
* ChanCheng
* Cheyenne
* Clovis
* Coba
* Cobra Hoods
* Concordia
* Davis
* Druzhnaya
* Ebenezer
* El Dorado
* Esperanza
* Faget (geological feature)
* Ferraz
* Garruchaga
* Gueslega
* Halley
* [[Astronomy:Home Plate (Mars)|Home Plate]] (geological feature)
* Humphrey
* Juan Carlos
* Jubany
* King George Island
* Kohnen
* Korolev
* Macquarie
* Magic Carpet
* Marambio
* Mazatzal
* Melchior
* Mimi
* Molodezhnaya
* Montalva
* Oberth (geological feature)
* O Higgens
* Orcadas
* [[Astronomy:Pot of Gold (Mars)|Pot of Gold]]
* Prat
* Primero
* Riquelme
* San Martin
* Sashimi
* Scott Base
* Sejong
* Signy
* Sobral
* Stone Council
* Sushi
* Tetl
* Tor
* Tyrone
* Vernadsky
* Vostok
* Wasa
* White Boat
* Wishstone
* Zhong Shan ([[Astronomy:Iron meteorite|iron meteorite]])
{{div col end}}
<gallery>
Image:SpiritTraverseMap.jpg|'''Rover Map''' of ''Spirit's'' route on Mars (Sol 1509, April 2, 2008) ([https://web.archive.org/web/20060929183554/http://marsrover.nasa.gov/mission/tm-spirit-all.html Archive to Sol 2555, March 15, 2011] [https://web.archive.org/web/20051103230012/http://marsrover.nasa.gov/mission/traverse_maps.html Current]).
Image:Adirondacksquare.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Adirondack (Mars)|Adirondack]]" rock on Mars – viewed by the [[Engineering:Spirit (rover)|''Spirit'' Rover]].
Image:PIA09089-RA3-hirise-closeup annotated.png|"[[Astronomy:Home Plate (Mars)|Home Plate]]" rock outcrop on Mars – studied by the ''Spirit'' Rover.
Image:Mars rock Mimi by Spirit rover.jpg|"[[Engineering:Spirit (rover)#First intentional grinding of a rock on Mars|Mimi]]" rock on Mars – viewed by the ''Spirit'' rover.
Image:Pot of gold upclose.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Pot of Gold (Mars)|Pot of Gold]]" rock on Mars – viewed by the ''Spirit'' rover.
</gallery>
{{Wide image|PIA01907 fig1-MarsSpirit-200604c.jpg |800px|Panorama of [[Earth:Rock (geology)|rocks]] near the [[Engineering:Spirit (rover)|''Spirit'' rover]] – [[Astronomy:Gusev (Martian crater)|Gusev Crater]] "Winter Haven" ("McMurdo") (August 17, 2006) ([http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA16441.jpg high-resolution] [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16441 description]).}}
{{Wide image|Cratera Gusev.jpg|800px|Panorama of [[Earth:Rock (geology)|rocks]] near the ''Spirit'' rover – [[Astronomy:Gusev (Martian crater)|Gusev Crater]] (August 5, 2004).}}
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== 2004 – ''Opportunity'' rover (MER-B) ==

'''[[Engineering:Opportunity (rover)|''{{visible anchor|Opportunity}}'' rover]] – January 25, 2004; Last Earth Contact June 10, 2018.'''<ref name="NASA-20190213">{{cite news |last1=Agle |first1=DC |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |last3=Wendel |first3=JoAnna |title=NASA's Opportunity Rover Mission on Mars Comes to End |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7334 |date=13 February 2019 |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=14 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="NASA-Opportunity">{{cite web |last=Nelson |first=Jon |title=Mars Exploration Rover - Opportunity |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-exploration-rover-opportunity-mer/  |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=February 2, 2014 }}</ref><br />
''Opportunity'' was operational on Mars for {{age in sols|2004|01|25|2018|06|10}} [[Astronomy:Timekeeping on Mars#Sols|sols]] ({{age in days|2004|01|25|2018|06|10}} days; <SMALL>''{{age in years and days|25 Jan 2004|10 Jun 2018}}''</SMALL>).<br />
Mars landing coordinates: {{Coord|1.9462|S|354.4734|E|globe:Mars|name=Opportunity rover}}<ref name="Esri-Mapping"/><br />
''<small>([[Raw image format|Raw Images]] - [http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/opportunity.html Camera/Sol] and [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/targetFamily/Mars?subselect=Spacecraft%3AOpportunity%3AMission%3AMars+Exploration+Rover+%28MER%29 JPL] + [http://pds.nasa.gov/tools/nasa-view.shtml NASA Image Viewer].)</small>''
{{div col|colwidth=14em}}
* Amboy <!-- Endeavour crater -->
* Berry Bowl <!-- Eagle crater -->
* Baltra <!-- Beagle crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Block Island meteorite|Block Island]] (''[[Astronomy:Iron meteorite|iron meteorite]]'') <!-- iron meteorite, sol 1961 between Purgatory and Endeavour crater -->
* "Blueberries" <!-- Eagle crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Bounce Rock|Bounce]] <!-- between Eagle and Fram -->
* Bylot <!-- Endurance crater -->
* Carousel <!-- Eagle crater -->
* Chapeco
* Cheyenne <!-- etched terrain between Erebus and Beagle -->
* Chocolate Hills <!-- Concepcion crater -->
* Cookies N Cream <!-- Eagle crater -->
* Diamond Jenness <!-- Endurance crater -->
* Earhart <!-- Endurance crater -->
* [[Astronomy:El Capitan (Mars)|El Capitan]] <!-- Eagle crater -->
* Edmund
* Ellesmere <!-- Endurance crater -->
* Escher <!-- Endurance crater -->
* [[Engineering:Opportunity mission timeline#2013|Esperance]]<ref name="NYT-20130607">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Martian Rock Another Clue to a Once Water-Rich Planet|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/08/science/space/martian-rock-another-clue-to-a-once-water-rich-planet.html|date=7 June 2013 |work={{wipe|New York Times}} |access-date=7 June 2013 }}</ref>
* Flatrock <!-- Eagle crater -->
* Florianopolis
* Guadalupe <!-- Eagle crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Heat Shield Rock|Heat Shield]]  (''[[Astronomy:Iron meteorite|iron meteorite]]'') <!-- iron meteorite between Endurance and Purgatory -->
* Homestake (''[[Earth:Vein (geology)|vein]]'') <!-- Endeavour crater -->
* Igreja
* Ice Cream <!-- Eagle crater -->
* Joacaba
* Jornada del Muerto <!-- Perseverance valley -->
* Joseph McCoy <!-- Beagle crater -->
* Kalavrita <!-- Erebus crater -->
* Kettlestone <!-- Endurance crater -->
* Kirkwood <!-- Endeavour crater -->
* Lamination <!-- Eagle crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Last Chance (Mars)|Last Chance]] <!-- Eagle crater -->
* Lion Stone <!-- Endurance crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Mackinac Island meteorite|Mackinac Island]]  (''[[Astronomy:Iron meteorite|iron meteorite]]'') <!-- iron meteorite, sol 2034 between Purgatory and Endeavour crater -->
* Marquette Island
* McKittrick <!-- Eagle crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Heat Shield Rock|Meridiani Planum]]  (''[[Astronomy:Iron meteorite|iron meteorite]]'') <!-- iron meteorite between Endurance and Purgatory -->
* [[Astronomy:Oileán Ruaidh (Mars rock)|Oileán Ruaidh]]  (''[[Astronomy:Iron meteorite|iron meteorite]]'') <!-- iron meteorite found before reaching Endeavour crater -->
* Palemop
* Pilbara <!-- Fram crater -->
* [[Engineering:Opportunity mission timeline#Pinnacle Island|Pinnacle Island]]
* Puffin <!-- Endurance crater -->
* Pyrrho <!-- Endurance crater -->
* Razorback <!-- Endurance crater -->
* Santa Catarina <!-- Victoria Crater -->
* Sarah <!-- ? -->
* Sergeant Charles Floyd <!-- ? -->
* Shark Pellets <!-- Eagle crater -->
* Shark's Tooth <!-- Eagle crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Shelter Island meteorite|Shelter Island]]  (''[[Astronomy:Iron meteorite|iron meteorite]]'') <!-- iron meteorite, sol 2022 between Purgatory and Endeavour crater -->
* Shoemaker <!-- Eagle crater -->
* Slick <!-- Eagle crater -->
* Snout <!-- Eagle crater -->
* "Sparkling Spheres" <!-- Meridiani Planum -->
* SpongeBob SquarePants <!-- is the same as Heat Shield Rock -->
* Steffers
* Stone Mountain <!-- Eagle crater -->
* Tennessee <!-- Endurance crater -->
* The Outcrop <!-- ? -->
* Tipuna <!-- Endurance crater -->
* Tubarao
* Videira
* Wave Ripple <!-- Eagle crater -->
* Whitewater River <!-- Endeavour crater -->
* Wopmay <!-- Endurance crater -->
* Xanxer
* Yuri <!-- Vostok crater -->
{{div col end}}
<gallery>
Image:MERB Sol2055 1.jpg|'''Rover Map''' of ''Opportunity's'' route on Mars (Sol 2055, January 24, 2009) ([https://web.archive.org/web/20090321053015/http://marsrover.nasa.gov/mission/tm-opportunity-all.html Archive to Sol 3342, June 21, 2013] [https://web.archive.org/web/20051103230012/http://marsrover.nasa.gov/mission/traverse_maps.html Current]).
Image:Block Island.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Block Island meteorite|Block Island]]" [[Astronomy:Meteorite|meteorite]] on Mars – viewed by the ''Opportunity'' rover (July 31, 2009).
Image:Blueberries eagle.gif|"Blueberries" ([[Chemistry:Hematite|hematite spheres]]) on rock outcrop at Eagle Crater – viewed by the ''Opportunity'' rover (Sol 46 – March, 2004).
Image:PIA16139 Puzzling Little Martian Spheres That Don't Taste Like 'Blueberries'.tif|"Blueberries" at "Kirkwood" near Endeavour Crater – ''Opportunity'' rover (September 6, 2012).
Image:58606main image feature 167 jwfull.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Bounce Rock|Bounce]]" [[Earth:Rock (geology)|rock]] on Mars – viewed by the ''Opportunity'' rover.
Image:PIA05457 modest.jpg|"[[Astronomy:El Capitan (Mars)|El Capitan]]" rock outcrop on Mars – studied by the ''Opportunity'' rover.
Image:El Capitan sol27 pancam.jpg|"[[Astronomy:El Capitan (Mars)|El Capitan]]" rock outcrop on Mars – studied by the ''Opportunity'' rover.
Image:PIA17074-MarsOpportunityRover-EsperanceRock-20130223-fig1.jpg|"[[Engineering:Opportunity mission timeline#2013|Esperance]]" [[Earth:Rock (geology)|rock]] on Mars – viewed by the ''Opportunity'' rover (February 23, 2013).
Image:PIA07269-Mars Rover Opportunity-Iron Meteorite.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Heat Shield Rock|Heat Shield]]" [[Astronomy:Meteorite|meteorite]] (officially, [[Astronomy:Heat Shield Rock|Meridiani Planum meteorite]]) on Mars – viewed by the ''Opportunity'' rover (January 6, 2005).
Image:PIA16444-MarsOpportunityRover-HomestakeVein-20121112.jpg|"Homestake" [[Earth:Vein (geology)|vein]] on Mars – viewed by the ''Opportunity'' rover (November 12, 2012).
Image:PIA23245-MarsOpportunityRover-Rock-JornadaDelMuerto-20190604.jpg|"Jornada del Muerto" – rock found in Perseverance Valley (posted June 4, 2019).
Image:PIA05482 modest.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Last Chance (Mars)|Last Chance]]" rock outcrop on Mars – viewed by the ''Opportunity'' rover.
Image:Mackinac Island.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Mackinac Island meteorite|Mackinac Island]]" [[Astronomy:Meteorite|meteorite]] on Mars – viewed by the ''Opportunity'' rover (October 13, 2009).
Image:PIA13418 - Oileán Ruaidh meteorite on Mars (false colour).jpg|"[[Astronomy:Oileán Ruaidh (Mars rock)|Oileán Ruaidh]]" [[Astronomy:Meteorite|meteorite]] on Mars – viewed by the ''Opportunity'' rover (September 24, 2010).
Image:PIA17761-MarsOpportunityRover-MysteryRock-Sol3528-Sol3540-color.jpg|"[[Engineering:Opportunity mission timeline#Pinnacle Island|Pinnacle Island]]" rock - "mysterious" appearance imaged by ''Opportunity'' (January 23, 2014).<ref name="SPACE-20140117">{{cite web|last=O'Neill|first=Ian|title=Mystery Rock 'Appears' in Front of Mars Rover|url=http://www.space.com/24330-mars-rover-mystery-rock-appears.html|date=January 17, 2014|work=Space.com|access-date=January 18, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20140124">{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|title=Mars Rover Marks an Unexpected Anniversary With a Mysterious Discovery|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/24/science/space/mars-rover-marks-an-unexpected-anniversary-with-a-mysterious-discovery.html|date=January 24, 2014|work={{wipe|New York Times}}|access-date=January 24, 2014 }}</ref>
Image:MarsOpportunityRover-MysteryRock-Sol3528-Sol3540.jpg|"[[Engineering:Opportunity mission timeline#Pinnacle Island|Pinnacle Island]]" rock - "mysterious" appearance imaged by ''Opportunity'' (January 17, 2014).<ref name="NYT-20140124" /><ref name="SPACE-20140117" />
Image:Mars Pinnacle Rock.png|"[[Engineering:Opportunity mission timeline#Pinnacle Island|Pinnacle Island]]" rock - microscopic view by ''Opportunity'' (February 1, 2014).<ref name="NYT-20140124" /><ref name="SPACE-20140117" />
Image:PIA17942-MarsOpportunityRover-PinnacleIslandRockMysterySolved-20140204.jpg|"[[Engineering:Opportunity mission timeline#Pinnacle Island|Pinnacle Island]]" rock - location where rock was dislodged by ''Opportunity'' (February 4, 2014).
Image:Shelter Island meteorite cropped, sharpened and straightened.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Shelter Island meteorite|Shelter Island]]" [[Astronomy:Meteorite|meteorite]] on Mars – viewed by the ''Opportunity'' Rover (October 3, 2009).
Image:391243main-MarsRover-ShelterIslandMeteorite-20091002-crop.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Shelter Island meteorite|Shelter Island]]" [[Astronomy:Meteorite|meteorite]] on Mars – viewed by the ''Opportunity'' rover (October 1, 2009).
Image:The Mystery of the Sparkling Spheres.jpg|"Sparkling Spheres" embedded in trench wall at [[Astronomy:Meridiani Planum|Meridiani Planum]] - viewed by the ''Opportunity'' rover (February, 2004).
Image:PIA16445-MarsOpportunityRover-WhitewaterLakeRock-20121112.jpg|"Whitewater River" rock on Mars – viewed by the ''Opportunity'' rover (November 12, 2012).
</gallery>
{{Wide image|Eagle crater on the Mars PIA05163.jpg|800px|Panorama of rocks near the ''Opportunity'' rover – Eagle crater (March 5, 2004).}}
{{wide image|Payson Ridge, Erebus Crater, Mars Opportunity Rover.jpg|800px| Panorama of rocks near the ''Opportunity'' rover – [[Astronomy:Erebus (crater)|Payson outcrop]] – Erebus crater (February 26, 2006).}}
<!---
{{wide image|Fram Crater in color.jpg|750px|Panorama viewed by the ''Opportunity'' Rover – Fram Crater (April 24, 2004)}}
{{wide image|MarsEndurance.jpg|750px|Panorama viewed by the ''Opportunity'' Rover – [[Astronomy:Endurance (crater)|Endurance Crater]] (May 6, 2004).}}
{{wide image|Victoria Crater, Cape Verde-Mars.jpg|750px|Panorama viewed by the ''Opportunity'' Rover – Victoria Crater (November 6, 2006).}}
--->
{{clear}}

== 2008 – ''Phoenix'' lander ==
<!---[[Engineering:Phoenix (spacecraft)#Landscape|NOTE – LOCAL ROCKS and SOIL]]:<ref name="Space-20090702">{{cite web |last=Thompson |first=Andrea |title=The Dirt on Mars Lander Soil Findings |url=http://www.space.com/6918-dirt-mars-lander-soil-findings.html |date=July 2, 2009 |publisher=Space.com |access-date=October 22, 2012 }}</ref> Nearly all the rocks near Phoenix are small. For about as far as the camera can see, the land is flat, but shaped into polygons 2–3 meters in diameter and are bounded by troughs that are 20 cm to 50 cm deep.--->
'''''[[Engineering:Phoenix (spacecraft)|{{visible anchor|Phoenix}}]]'' lander – May 25, 2008; [[Astronomy:Green Valley (Mars)|Green Valley]], [[Astronomy:Vastitas Borealis|Vastitas Borealis]] − ''Last Earth Contact'' – November 10, 2008.'''<ref name="NASA-Phoenix">{{cite web |last=Nelson |first=Jon|title=Phoenix |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/phoenix/ |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=February 2, 2014 }}</ref><br />
''Phoenix'' was operational on Mars for {{age in sols|2008|05|25|2008|11|02}} [[Astronomy:Timekeeping on Mars#Sols|sols]] ({{age in days|2008|05|25|2008|11|02}} days; <SMALL>''{{age in years and days|25 May 2008|02 Nov 2008}}''</SMALL>).<br />
Mars landing coordinates: {{Coord|68.22|N|125.7|W|globe:Mars|name=Phoenix lander}} ({{Coord|68|13|11.9994|N|125|42|0|W|globe:Mars|name=Phoenix lander}})<br />
''<small>([[Raw image format|Raw Images]] - [http://phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu/imageCategories_lander.php Camera/Sol] and [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/targetFamily/Mars?subselect=Spacecraft%3APhoenix+Mars+Lander%3AMission%3APhoenix JPL] + [http://pds.nasa.gov/tools/nasa-view.shtml NASA Image Viewer].)</small>''
{{div col|colwidth=14em}}
* Baby Bear
* Burn Alive
* Burn Alive 3
* Dodo
* Goldilocks
* Lower Cupboard
* Mama Bear
* Neverland
* Papa Bear
* Rosy Red 2
* Rosy Red 3
* Runaway
* Snow White
* Stone Soup
* Upper Cupboard
{{div col end}}
{{Wide image|PIA13804-MarsPhoenixLander-Panorama-20080525b.jpg|800px|Panorama of [[Earth:Rock (geology)|rocks]] near the ''Phoenix'' lander (May 25, 2008).}}
{{Wide image|PIA11044-PhoenixLander-WorkspaceNames-20080819.jpg|800px|Panorama of [[Earth:Rock (geology)|rocks]] near the ''Phoenix'' lander (August 19, 2008).}}
{{clear}}

== 2012 – ''Curiosity'' rover (Mars Science Laboratory) ==

'''[[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''{{visible anchor|Curiosity}}'' rover]] – August 6, 2012; [[Astronomy:Gale (crater)|Gale crater]]; CURRENTLY ACTIVE.'''<ref name="NASA-Curiosity">{{cite web |last=Nelson |first=Jon |title=Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-science-laboratory-curiosity-rover-msl/ |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=February 2, 2014 }}</ref><br />
As of {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{C ''Curiosity'' h for {{Curiosity Mission Timer}} [[Astronomy:Sol (day on Mars)|sols]] ({{age in days|2012|08|06}} total days; <SMALL>''{{Age in years and days|06 AUG 2012}}''</SMALL>).<br />
Mars landing coordinates: {{Coord|4.5895|S|137.4417|E|globe:Mars|name=Curiosity rover}} ({{Coord|4|35|22.2|S|137|26|30.1194|E|globe:Mars|name=Curiosity rover}})<br />
''<small>([[Raw image format|Raw Images]] - [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/multimedia/raw/ Camera] and [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/multimedia/raw/?s=#/ Sol] and [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/targetFamily/Mars?subselect=Spacecraft%3ACuriosity%3AMission%3AMars+Science+Laboratory+%28MSL%29 1-JPL] and [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/targetFamily/Mars?subselect=Spacecraft%3AMars+Science+Laboratory+%28MSL%29%3AMission%3AMars+Science+Laboratory+%28MSL%29 2-JPL] + [http://pds.nasa.gov/tools/nasa-view.shtml NASA Image Viewer].)</small>''
{{div col|colwidth=14em}}
* Alexander Hills (area) <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Amargosa Valley (area) <!-- Gale Crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Bathurst Inlet (rock)|Bathurst Inlet]] <!-- Gale crater -->
* Bonanza King <!-- Gale crater -->
* Book Cliffs (area) <!-- Gale crater -->
* Buckskin <!-- Gale crater -->
* Burwash <!-- Gale crater -->
* Chinle (area)  <!-- Gale crater -->
* Confidence Hills (area) <!-- Gale crater -->
* [[Astronomy:N165|Coronation]] <!-- Gale crater -->
* Crest <!-- Gale crater -->
* Crestaurum <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Cumberland <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Darwin Outcrop <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Dingo Gap (area) <!-- Gale crater -->
* Discovery Ridge (area) <!-- Gale crater -->
* Egg Rock (meteorite) <!-- Gale crater -->
* Ekwir_1 <!--Underscore is intentional--> <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Et-Then <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Flower-like rock <!-- Gale crater -->
* Garden City (area) <!-- Gale crater -->
* Gator-Back Rocks <!-- Gale crater -->
* Gillespie (area) <!-- Gale crater -->
* Gillespie Lake <!-- Gale crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Glenelg, Mars|Glenelg]] (area) <!-- Gale crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Goulburn (Mars)|Goulburn]] <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Harrison <!-- Gale crater -->
* Hidden Valley (area) <!-- Gale crater -->
* High Dune (area) <!-- Gale Crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Hottah (Mars)|Hottah]] <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Ithaca <!-- Gale crater -->
* Jake Matijevic <!-- Gale crater -->
* John Klein-A/B/C <!-- Gale crater -->
* Kimberley (area) <!-- Gale crater -->
* Knorr<ref name="NASA-20130318">{{cite web |last1=Webster |first1=Guy |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |title=Curiosity Mars Rover Sees Trend In Water Presence |url=http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1446 |date=March 18, 2013 |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=March 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424111259/http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1446 |archive-date=April 24, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  <!-- Gale crater -->
* Lamoose <!-- Gale crater -->
* Lebanon (''[[Astronomy:Iron meteorite|iron meteorite]]'') <!-- Gale Crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Link (Mars)|Link]] <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Little Colonsay <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Marker Band (area) <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Missoula <!-- Gale crater -->
* Mojave (area) <!-- Gale crater -->
* Mojave 2 <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Murray Unit (area) <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Namib Dune (area) <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Not Bones <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Nova <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Old Soaker <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Pahrump Hills (area) <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Panorama Point (area) <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Pink Cliffs (area) <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Point Lake (area) <!-- Gale crater -->
* Portage<ref name="NASA-20121203">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=A Sampling of Martian Soils |url=http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/multimedia/images/?ImageID=4909 |date=December 3, 2012 |publisher=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=December 3, 2012 }}</ref> <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Rapitan <!-- Gale crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Rocknest (Mars)|Rocknest]] (area)<!-- Gale Crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Rocknest 3 (rock)|Rocknest 3]]<ref name="Space-20121122">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Thanksgiving on Mars: Working Holiday for ''Curiosity'' Rover |url=http://www.space.com/18594-mars-thanksgiving-curiosity-rover.html |date=November 22, 2012 |publisher=Space.com |access-date=November 22, 2012 }}</ref>  <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Sayunei <!-- Gale crater -->
* Selwyn  <!-- Gale crater -->
* Sequoia <!-- Gale crater -->
* Shaler<ref name="NASA-20121211">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=PIA16550: Layered Martian Outcrop 'Shaler' in 'Glenelg' Area |url=http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16550 |date=December 11, 2012 |publisher=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=December 12, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="EM-20121204">{{cite web |last=Hoagland |first=Richard C. |title=NASA Announces ''Curiosity'' Rover To Investigate Mysterious Linear Features, Called "Shaler" |url=http://www.enterprisemission.com/marsapartments.html |date=December 4, 2012 |publisher=Enterprise Mission |access-date=March 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416071114/http://www.enterprisemission.com/marsapartments.html |archive-date=April 16, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Sheepbed <!-- Gale crater -->
* Shoemaker  <!-- Gale crater -->
* Snake River<ref name="NASA-20121220">{{cite web |author=Staff |title= PIA16564: 'Snake River' Rock Feature Viewed by ''Curiosity'' Mars Rover  |url=http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16564 |date=January 4, 2013 |publisher=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=January 4, 2013 }}</ref> <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Stimson unit (area) <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Strathdon <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Sutton Inlier (area)<ref name="NASA-20130318" />  <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Telegraph Peak (area) <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Terra Firme (book-like rock)<!-- Gale Crater -->
* [[Astronomy:Tintina (rock)|Tintina]]<ref name="NASA-20130318" /><ref name="BBC-20130319">{{cite web|last=Rincon |first=Paul |title=Curiosity breaks rock to reveal dazzling white interior|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-21340279 |date=March 19, 2013 |publisher=BBC |access-date=March 19, 2013 }}</ref> <!-- Gale crater -->
* Twin Cairns Island (area) <!-- Gale crater -->
* Unnamed-20120902 <!-- Gale Crater -->
* [[Organization:Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory#2018 events|Unnamed-20180102]] <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Vera Rubin Ridge (area) <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Waypoint 1 (area) <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Wernecke<ref name="NASA-20130318" /> <!-- Gale crater -->
* Whale <!-- Gale Crater -->
* Whimsical <!-- Gale crater -->
* Wildrose <!-- Gale crater -->
* Windjana <!-- Gale crater -->
* Winnipesaukee <!-- Gale crater -->
* Yellowjacket <!-- Gale crater -->
* Yellowknife Bay (area) <!-- Gale crater -->
{{div col end}}
<gallery>
Image:PIA17085-MarsCuriosityRover-TraverseMap-Sol351-20130801.jpg|First-Year and first-mile [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/whereistherovernow/ Traverse Map] of the ''Curiosity'' rover on Mars (August 1, 2013; [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA16210.jpg 3-D]).
Image:PIA19066-MarsCuriosityRover-AlexanderHillsRock-20141123-Fig1.jpg|"Alexander Hills" [[Earth:Bedrock|bedrock]] on Mars - viewed by ''Curiosity'' (November 23, 2014).
Image:PIA14762-MarsCuriosityRover-BathurstInletRock.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Bathurst Inlet (rock)|Bathurst Inlet]]" [[Earth:Rock (geology)|rock]] on Mars – as viewed by the MAHLI camera on the ''Curiosity'' rover (September 30, 2012).
Image:PIA18477-MarsCuriosityRover-BonanzaKingRock-Drill-20140911.jpg|"Bonanza King" rock on Mars - [[:File:PIA18602-MarsCuriosityRover-BonanzaKingRock-20140817.jpg|dusted]] and initially drilled (September 11, 2014).
Image:PIA18478-MarsCuriosityRover-Bonanz-KingRock-Drill-LightColorVein-20140911.jpg|"Bonanza King" rock on Mars - drilling stopped due to loose rock (September 11, 2014).
<!---Image:PIA18479-MarsCuriosityRover-BonanzaKingRock-APXS-Graph-20140911.png|"Bonanza King" rock on Mars - APXS analysis (September 11, 2014).--->
Image:PIA19804-MarsCuriosityRover-Missoula-BuckskinRock-Drilling-20150701.jpg|"Buckskin" rock on Mars – ''Curiosity'' drilling site<br />(July 30, 2015).
Image:PIA16237-MarsCuriosityRover-BurwashRock-20121029.jpg|"Burwash" rock on Mars – as viewed by the MAHLI camera on the ''Curiosity'' rover (October 29, 2012).
Image:PIA18609 - First Sampling Hole in Mount Sharp .jpg|"Confidence Hills" rock on Mars - ''Curiosity''{{'s}} first target at [[Astronomy:Mount Sharp|Mount Sharp]] (September 24, 2014).
Image:Mars Curiosity Rover-Coronation Rock-N165.jpg|"Coronation" rock on Mars – first target of the [[Chemistry:Chemistry and Camera complex|ChemCam]] [[Physics:Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy|laser analyzer]] on the ''Curiosity'' rover (August 17, 2012).
Image:MarsCuriosityRover-CoronationRock-N165-20120817-crop.jpg|"Coronation" rock on Mars – close-up - viewed by the ''Curiosity'' rover (August 17, 2012).
Image:PIA16234-MarsCuriosityRover-CrestaurumSand-20121025.gif|"Crestaurum" [[Astronomy:Martian soil|sand patch]] on Mars – before/after [[Chemistry:Chemistry and Camera complex|ChemCam laser]] hits – as viewed by ''Curiosity'' (October 20, 2012).
Image:PIA16927-MarsCuriosityRover-CumberlandBedrock-20130219.jpg|"Cumberland" [[Earth:Bedrock|bedrock]] on Mars - ''Curiosity''{{'s}} second [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)#Robotic arm|drilling]] site (Yellowknife Bay; February 19, 2013; [[Color balance|white balanced]]).
Image:PIA16935-MarsCuriosityRover-CumberlandBedrock-20130519.gif|"Cumberland" [[Earth:Bedrock|bedrock]] on Mars - ''Curiosity''{{'s}} second [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)#Robotic arm|drilling]] site - before/after (Yellowknife Bay; May 19, 2013).
Image:PIA17481-MarsCuriosityRover-DarwinRock-20130910.jpg|"Darwin" rock outcrop on Mars - viewed by ''Curiosity'' (Waypoint 1; September 10, 2013; overview).
Image:PIA17361-MarsCuriosityRover-Darwin-Closeup-Waypoint1-20130921.jpg|"Darwin" rock outcrop ridge - viewed by ''Curiosity'' (Waypoint1; September 21, 2013; context).
Image:PIA17362-MarsCuriosityRover-Sandstone-Waypoint1-20130921.jpg|"Darwin" [[Earth:Sandstone|sandstone]] on Mars - viewed by the ''Curiosity'' rover (Waypoint 1; September 21, 2013; closeup).
Image:PIA21134-MarsCuriosityRoverFindsMeteorite-EggRockContext-20161027.jpg|"Egg Rock" [[Astronomy:Meteorite|meteorite]] on Mars - viewed by ''Curiosity'' (Murray formation; October 27, 2016; context).<ref name="NASA-20161102">{{cite web|last1=Webster|first1=Guy|last2=Brown|first2=Dwayne|last3=Cantillo|first3=Laurie|title=Curiosity Mars Rover Checks Odd-looking Iron Meteorite|url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6667|date=November 2, 2016|work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]]|access-date=November 2, 2016 }}</ref>
Image:PIA21133 Iron-Nickel Meteorite Zapped by Mars Rover's Laser, Figure 1.jpg|"Egg Rock" [[Astronomy:Meteorite|meteorite]] on Mars - viewed by ''Curiosity'' (Murray formation; October 27, 2016; closeup).<ref name="NASA-20161102" />
Image:PIA16619-MarsCuriosityRover-Ekwir1-CleanDRT-20130106.gif|"Ekwir_1" rock on Mars – cleaned with ''Curiosity''{{'s}} "[[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)#Dust Removal Tool (DRT)|Dust Removal Tool]]" (DRT) (January 6, 2013; [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA16566.jpg closeup]).
Image:PIA16236-MarsCuriosityRover-EtThenRock-20121029.jpg|"Et-Then" rock on Mars – as viewed by the MAHLI camera on the ''Curiosity'' rover (October 29, 2012).
Image:PIA25077-MarsCuriosityRover-RockFlower-20220224.jpg|"Flower"-like rock – as viewed by the ''Curiosity'' rover (February 24, 2022)
Image:PIA19161-MarsCuriosityRover-GardenCityArea-20150318.jpg|"Garden City" rock – as viewed by the ''Curiosity'' rover (March 18, 2015).
Image:PIA19162-MarsCuriosityRover-GardenCityArea-20150325.jpg|"Garden City" rock − closeup – as viewed by the MAHLI camera on the ''Curiosity'' rover (March 2, 2015).
Image:PIA25175-MarsCuriosityRover-GatorBackRocks-Closeup-20220315.jpg|"Gator-Back" rocks − closeup as viewed by the ''Curiosity'' rover (March 15, 2022).
Image:PIA16618 fig1-MarsCuriosityRover-GillespieRock-Texture.jpg|"Gillespie Lake" rock texture – as viewed by the MAHLI camera on the ''Curiosity'' rover (December 19, 2012).
Image:PIA16187-MarsCuriosityRover-Goulburn-20120819.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Goulburn (Mars)|Goulburn]]" rock outcrop on Mars – ancient streambed viewed by ''Curiosity'' (August 17, 2012).
Image:PIA16187-MarsCuriosityRover-GoulburnRock-20120817-crop.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Goulburn (Mars)|Goulburn]]" rock outcrop on Mars – close-up viewed by ''Curiosity'' (August 17, 2012).
Image:PIA17768-MarsCuriosityRover-HarrisonRock-20140115.jpg|"Harrison" rock (and [[Earth:Crystal|crystal]]s) on Mars – viewed by the ''Curiosity'' rover (January 15, 2014).
Image:PIA18590-MarsCuriosityRover-HiddenValleyTracks-20140804.jpg|"[[:File:PIA18409-MarsCuriosityRover-HiddenValley-ncam-CYL-Sol705-20140731.jpg|Hidden Valley]]" [[Astronomy:Martian soil|sand]] - ''Curiosity''{{'s}} tracks (August 4, 2014).
Image:PIA19074-MarsCuriosityRover-HiddenValley-SedimentaryDepositLakebedRocks-20140807.jpg|"[[:File:PIA18409-MarsCuriosityRover-HiddenValley-ncam-CYL-Sol705-20140731.jpg|Hidden Valley]]" water-related sedimentary deposits on Mars – '' Curiosity'' rover (August 7, 2014).
Image:PIA20171-MarsCuriosityRover-HighDune-Sand-Closeup-20151205.jpg|"High Dune" [[Astronomy:Martian soil|sand]] (undisturbed) on Mars – ''Curiosity'' rover (December 5, 2015).
Image:PIA17062-MarsCuriosityRover-HottahRockOutcrop-20120915.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Hottah (Mars)|Hottah]]" rock outcrop on Mars – ancient streambed viewed by ''Curiosity'' (September 12, 2012; [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/figures/PIA16156_fig1.jpg closeup]; [https://web.archive.org/web/20130521042719/http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/images/pia16223-stereoHattah-Mastcam-br2.jpg 3-D]).
Image:PIA17592-MarsCuriosityRover-IthacaRock-20131030.jpg|"Ithaca" rock on Mars – target of the [[Chemistry:Chemistry and Camera complex|ChemCam]] [[Physics:Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy|laser analyzer]] on ''Curiosity''  (October 30, 2013; [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/multimedia/images/?ImageID=5760 closeup]).
Image:Mars16.jpg|"Jake Matijevic" rock on Mars – a prime test target of the ''Curiosity'' rover (September 19, 2012).
Image:PIA16192-MarsCuriosityRover-Target-JakeRock-20120927.jpg|Jake Matijevic rock on Mars – target of [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)#Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS)|APSX]] & [[Chemistry:Chemistry and Camera complex|ChemCam]] on ''Curiosity'' (September 22, 2012).
Image:PIA16568-MarsCuriosityRover-JohnKleinSiteRocks.jpg|"John Klein" A/B/C mudstone on Mars – near ''Curiosity''{{'s}} first [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)#Robotic arm|drilling]] site (December 25, 2012).
Image:PIA16762-MarsCuriosityRover-DrilledHole-20130206.gif|"John Klein" mudstone - [[Organization:Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory#Images|results]] of ''Curiosity''{{'s}} first [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)#Robotic arm|drilling]] tests (Yellowknife Bay; February 6, 2013).<ref name="TMJ-20130203">{{cite web|last=Anderson|first=Paul Scott|title=''Curiosity'' 'hammers' a rock and completes first drilling tests|url=http://themeridianijournal.com/2013/02/curiosity-hammers-a-rock-and-completes-first-drilling-tests/|date=February 3, 2013|publisher=The Meridiani Journal|access-date=February 3, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206162148/http://themeridianijournal.com/2013/02/curiosity-hammers-a-rock-and-completes-first-drilling-tests/|archive-date=February 6, 2013}}</ref>
Image:PIA17594-MarsCuriosityRover-JohKleinMudstoneDrillHole-20130510.jpg|"John Klein" mudstone - drill hole ({{convert|1.6|cm|in|abbr=on}}) made by ''Curiosity'' (Yellowknife Bay; May 10, 2013).
Image:PIA16792-MarsCuriosityRover-KnorrRock-20121220.jpg|"Knorr" [[Earth:Sedimentary rock|sedimentary rock]] on Mars – as viewed by the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)#Mast Camera (MastCam)|MastCam]] on ''Curiosity'' (December 20, 2012).<ref name="NASA-20130318" />
Image:PIA19828-MarsCuriosityRover-LamooseRock-20150711.jpg|"Lamoose" rock (high [[Chemistry:Silicon dioxide|silica]] levels) – viewed by ''Curiosity'' (July 11, 2015).
Image:PIA18387-MarsCuriosityRover-Lebanon-IronMeteorite-20140525.jpg|"Lebanon" [[Astronomy:Meteorite|meteorite]] on Mars – viewed by ''Curiosity'' (May 25, 2014).
Image:NASA Curiosity rover - Link to a Watery Past (692149main Williams-2pia16188-43).jpg|"[[Astronomy:Link (Mars)|Link]]" rock outcrop on Mars – ancient streambed viewed by ''Curiosity'' (September 2, 2012).
Image:NASA-MarsCurioistyRover-ViewsShinyObject-20181126.png|"Little Colonsay" possible meteorite – viewed by ''Curiosity'' (November 26, 2018).
Image:PIA25734-MarsCuriosityRover-MarkerBand-RhythmicRockLayers-20221107.jpg|"Marker Band" area rhythmic layered rock (November 7, 2022).
Image:PIA19829-MarsCuriosityRover-MissoulaRockOutcrop-20150701-crop.jpg|"Missoula" rock outcrop on Mars – viewed by ''Curiosity'' (July 1, 2015).
Image:PIA19804-MarsCuriosityRover-Missoula-BuckskinRock-Drilling-20150701.jpg|"Missoula" rock outcrop – "Buckskin" drilling site (July 1, 2015).
Image:PIA19115-MarsCuriosityRover-DrillingMojave2Rock-20150131.jpg|"Mojave 2" rock on Mars – [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)#Robotic arm|drilling]] site - viewed by ''Curiosity'' (December 31, 2015).
Image:PIA20322-MarsCuriosityRover-ErosionResistantNodules-MountSharp-20160309.jpg|"Murray Unit" [[Earth:Sandstone|sandstone]] nodules – viewed by ''Curiosity'' (March 9, 2016).
Image:PIA20317-MarsCuriosityRover-NamibDune-Sand-NightCloseup-20160122.jpg|"Namib Dune" [[Astronomy:Martian soil|sand]] on Mars (at night) – (''Curiosity'' rover; January 22, 2016).
Image:MarsCuriosityRover-NotBones-20140821.jpg|"Not Bones" on Mars - viewed by ''Curiosity'' (August 21, 2014).
Image:PIA18401-MarsCuriosityRover-NovaRock-LaserSpark-20140712.jpg|"Nova" rock on Mars – 1st laser spark imaged (''Curiosity'' rover; July 12, 2014; [https://web.archive.org/web/20140808083944/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/?id=1317 video (01:07)]).
Image:PIA18388-MarsCuriosityRover-NovaRock-ChemCam-20140712.jpg|"Nova" rock on Mars – ChemCam spectra (''Curiosity'' rover; July 12, 2014).
Image:PIA21262-MarsCuriosityRover-PossibleMudCracks-OldSoaker-20161220.jpg|"Old Soaker" rock slab on Mars – Possible mud cracks (''Curiosity'' rover; December 20, 2016).
Image:PIA18610-MarsCuriosityRover-PahrumpHillsOutcrop-Mahli-Sol758-20140923.jpg|"Pahrump Hills" rock outcrop on Mars – viewed by ''Curiosity'' (September 23, 2014).
Image:PIA18881-MarsCuriosityRover-PahrumpHillsBedrock-20141109.tif|"Pahrump Hills" [[Earth:Bedrock|bedrock]] on Mars - viewed by ''Curiosity'' (November 9, 2014).
Image:PIA18883-MarsCuriosityRover-PahrumpHills-Sand-20141113.jpg|"Pahrump Hills" [[Astronomy:Martian soil|sand]] - viewed by ''Curiosity'' (November 13, 2014).
Image:PIA18882-MarsCuriosityRover-PahrumpHillsSand-WheelTrack-20141107.tif|"Pahrump Hills" [[Astronomy:Martian soil|sand]] - ''Curiosity''{{'s}} tracks (November 7, 2014).
Image:PIA18880-MarsCuriosityRover-PinkCliffs-20141007.jpg|"Pink Cliffs" rock outcrop on Mars - viewed by ''Curiosity'' (October 7, 2014).
Image:PIA17267-MarsCuriosityRover-PointOutlook-Outcrop-Detail-20130613.jpg|"Point Lake" rock outcrop (detail) on Mars – viewed by ''Curiosity'' (June 13, 2013; [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA17268 context]).
Image:PIA16204-MarsCuriosityRover-Rocknest-20120928.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Rocknest (Mars)|Rocknest]]" [[Astronomy:Martian soil|sand patch]] on Mars – target for the first use of ''Curiosity''{{'s}} scoop (September 28, 2012).
Image:PIA16174-MarsCuriosityRover-Sand-Rocknest-20121030.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Rocknest (Mars)|Rocknest]]" sand – first [[Physics:X-ray crystallography#Mineralogy and metallurgy|X-ray analysis]] of [[Astronomy:Martian soil|Martian soil]] (''Curiosity'' rover; October 30, 2012)<ref name="NASA-20121030">{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Dwayne|title=NASA Rover's First Soil Studies Help Fingerprint Martian Minerals|url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2012/oct/HQ_12-383_Curiosity_CheMin.html|date=October 30, 2012|publisher=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]]|access-date=October 31, 2012}}</ref>
Image:PIA16193-MarsCuriosityRover-ScoffmarkInSand-2011004.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Rocknest (Mars)|Rocknest]]" [[Astronomy:Martian soil|sand on Mars]] – scoffmark made by the ''Curiosity'' rover (MAHLI, October 4, 2012).
Image:PIA16226-MarsCuriosityRover-FirstScoopOfSoil-20121007.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Rocknest (Mars)|Rocknest]]" [[Astronomy:Martian soil|sand patch on Mars]] – ''Curiosity''{{'s}} [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)#Robotic arm|scooper]] sifts a load of sand (October 7, 2012).
Image:PIA20170-MarsCuriosityRover-WheelTrackInSand-20151203.jpg|Sand tracks – uncover finer grains (''Curiosity'' rover; December 3, 2015).
Image:PIA16452-MarsCuriosityRover-Rocknest3Rock-20121005.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Rocknest 3 (rock)|Rocknest 3]]" rock on Mars – as viewed by the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)#Mast Camera (MastCam)|MastCam]] on ''Curiosity'' (October 5, 2012).
Image:PIA21143 - Sand Moving Under Curiosity, One Day to Next, Animation.gif|[[Astronomy:Martian soil|Sand]] moving on Mars – as viewed by ''Curiosity'' (January 23, 2017).
Image:PIA16711-MarsCuriosityRover-SayunyeiRock-20130122wh.jpg|"Sayunei" rock on Mars – ''Curiosity''{{'s}} view at night (January 22, 2013; wh light).
Image:PIA16712-MarsCuriosityRover-SayuneiRock-20130122uv.jpg|"Sayunei" rock on Mars – ''Curiosity''{{'s}} view at night (January 22, 2013; uv light).
Image:PIA26048-MarsCuriosityRover-SequoiaRockDrillHole-20231026.jpg|"Sequoia" rock on Mars − drilled hole made by ''Curiosity'' (October 26, 2023)
Image:PIA16550-MarsCuriosityRover-ShalerOutcrop-20121207.jpg|"Shaler" rock outcrop on Mars – as viewed by the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)#Mast Camera (MastCam)|MastCam]] on the ''Curiosity'' rover (December 7, 2012).
Image:PIA16705 fig1-MarsCuriosityRover-SheepbedOutcrop-20121213.jpg|"Sheepbed" rock outcrop on Mars – as viewed by the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)#Mast Camera (MastCam)|MastCam]] on ''Curiosity'' (December 13, 2012).
Image:MarsCuriosityRover-SnakeRiverRockFeature-PIA16564.jpg|"Snake River" [[Earth:List of rock formations|rock feature]] on Mars – as viewed by ''Curiosity'' (December 20, 2012).<ref name="NASA-20121220" />
Image:PIA23348-MarsCuriosityRover-StrathdonRock-20190709.jpg|"Strathdon" rock on Mars – viewed by the ''Curiosity'' rover (July 9, 2019).
Image:PIA23347-MarsCuriosityRover-StrathdonRock-CloseUp-20190710.jpg|"Strathdon-closeup" rock on Mars – viewed by the ''Curiosity'' rover (July 10, 2019).
Image:PIA16804-MarsCuriosityRover-SuttonInlierRock-20130131.jpg|"Sutton Inlier" rock on Mars – broken by the ''Curiosity'' rover (January 31, 2013).<ref name="NASA-20130318" />
Image:PIA17262-MarsCuriosityRover-SuttonInlierRockLaserTarget-20130511.gif|"Sutton Inlier" [[Astronomy:Martian soil|soil]] on Mars - target of [[Chemistry:Chemistry and Camera complex|ChemCam]]'s laser - ''Curiosity'' rover (May 11, 2013).
Image:PIA25828-MarsCuriosityRover-Rock-TerraFirme-20230415.jpg|"Terra Firme" book-like rock (April 15, 2023)
Image:PIA16795-MarsCuriosityRover-TintinaRock-Context-20130119.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Tintina (rock)|Tintina]]" broken [[Earth:Mineral hydration|hydrated]] rock on Mars – viewed by ''Curiosity'' (January 19, 2013; context).<ref name="NASA-20130318" /><ref name="BBC-20130319" />
Image:PIA16796-MarsCuriosityRover-TintinaRock-Hydration-20130119.jpg|"[[Astronomy:Tintina (rock)|Tintina]]" broken [[Earth:Mineral hydration|hydrated]] rock on Mars – viewed by ''Curiosity'' (January 19, 2013; analysis).<ref name="NASA-20130318" /><ref name="BBC-20130319" />
Image:PIA16803-MarsCuriosityRover-UnnamedRock-20120902.jpg|"Unnamed-20120902" rock on Mars – as viewed by the ''Curiosity'' rover (September 2, 2012).
Image:Mars-Curiosity-RockStructures-20180102.jpg|"Unnamed-20180102" [[Organization:Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory#2018 events|curious rock shapes]] (bio or geo?) on Mars – as viewed by [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'']] (January 2, 2018).<ref name="SPC-20180105">{{cite web |last=David |first=Leonard |title=Structures on Mars |url=https://www.space.com/39294-mars-rover-curiosity-weird-tube-structures.html |date=January 5, 2018 |work=Space.com |access-date=January 5, 2018 }}</ref><ref name="NASA-20180103">{{cite web |last=Edwards |first=Christopher |title=Sols 1913-1924: Curiosity's Working Holiday |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission/mars-rover-curiosity-mission-updates/?mu=sols-1913-1924-curiositys-working-holiday |date=January 3, 2018 |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=January 6, 2018 }}</ref>
Image:Mars-CuriosityRover-PossibleFossilizedAlienFootprints.jpg|"Unnamed-20180305" [[Organization:Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory#2018 events|curious rock shapes]] (bio or geo?) on Mars – as viewed by [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'']] (March 5, 2018).<ref name="TT-20180205">{{cite web |last=Adamson |first=Allan |title=Scientist May Have Found Evidence Of Fossilized Alien Tracks On Planet Mars |url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/222402/20180305/scientist-may-have-found-evidence-of-fossilized-alien-tracks-on-planet-mars.htm |date=March 5, 2018 |work=TechTimes.com |access-date=March 5, 2018 }}</ref><ref name="SPC-20180306">{{cite web |last=Howell |first=Elizabeth |title=No, Those Aren't Animal Tracks on Mars |url=https://www.space.com/39894-mars-rock-features-not-animal-tracks.html |date=March 6, 2018 |work=Space.com |access-date=March 6, 2018 }}</ref>
Image:PIA16790-MarsCuriosityRover-WerneckeRock-20130126.jpg|"Wernecke" rock on Mars – cleaned with ''Curiosity''{{'s}} "[[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)#Dust Removal Tool (DRT)|Dust Removal Tool]]" (DRT) (January 26, 2013).<ref name="NASA-20130318" />
Image:PIA19076-MarsCuriosityRover-WhaleRock-CrossBedding-20141102.jpg|"Whale" rock on Mars - [[Earth:Cross-bedding|cross-bedding]] due to passage of water - as viewed by ''Curiosity'' (November 2, 2014).
Image:MarsCuriosityRover-WhimsicalRock-20210727.png|"Whimsical" rock on Mars as viewed from the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' rover]] (July 27, 2021).
Image:PIA18087-MarsCuriosityRover-WindjanaRockContext-20140423a.jpg|"Windjana" [[Earth:Sandstone|sandstone]] on Mars - as viewed by the ''Curiosity'' rover (Kimberley; April 23, 2014; context).
Image:PIA18089-MarsCuriosityRover-WindjanaRockDrilling-20140429.jpg|"Windjana" [[Earth:Sandstone|sandstone]] on Mars - drill hole ({{convert|1.6|cm|in|abbr=on}}) made by ''Curiosity'' (Kimberley; April 29, 2014).
Image:PIA18396-MarsCuriosityRover-WinnipesaukeeRock-20140625.jpg|"Winnipesaukee" rock on Mars - target of the [[Chemistry:Chemistry and Camera complex|ChemCam]] [[Physics:Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy|laser analyzer]] on ''Curiosity''  (June 8, 2014).
Image:PIA19661-MarsCuriosityRover-YellowjacketRock-20150515.jpg|"Yellowjacket" rock on Mars – as viewed by the ''Curiosity'' rover (May 15, 2015).
</gallery>
{{Wide image|PIA16072-MarsCuriosityRover-20120809.jpg|800px|Panorama of rocks as viewed by the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' rover]] – near [[Astronomy:Bradbury Landing|Bradbury Landing]] (August 9, 2012).}}
{{Wide image |PIA16768-MarsCuriosityRover-AeolisMons-20120920.jpg|800px|Panorama of rocks near Mount Sharp as viewed from the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' rover]] (September 20, 2012; [[Color balance|white balanced]]; [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA16769.jpg raw color]).}}
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{{Wide image|PIA16154-MarsCuriosityRover-RoadToGlenelg-20120919.jpg|800px|Panorama of rocks near the ''Curiosity'' rover on the way to "[[Astronomy:Glenelg, Mars|Glenelg Intrique]]" from [[Astronomy:Bradbury Landing|Bradbury Landing]] (September 19, 2012).}}
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{{Wide image|PIA16918-MarsCuriosityRover-RockNest-HiRezWB-20121116.jpg|800px|Panorama of rocks near the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' rover]] at "[[Astronomy:Rocknest (Mars)|Rocknest]]" (November 16, 2012; [[Color balance|white balanced]]; [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16919 raw color]; [http://mars.nasa.gov/multimedia/interactives/billionpixel/ interactives]).}}
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{{Wide image|PIA16453-MarsCuriosityRover-RocknestPanorama-20121126.jpg|800px|Panorama of rocks near the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' rover]] looking from "[[Astronomy:Rocknest (Mars)|Rocknest]]" toward "Point Lake" on the way to "[[Astronomy:Glenelg, Mars|Glenelg Intrique]]" (November 26, 2012; [[Color balance|white balanced]]; [[:File:PIA16453-MarsCuriosityRover-RocknestPanorama-Raw-20121126.jpg|raw color]]).}}
--->
{{Wide Image |PIA17595-MarsCuriosityRover-YellowknifeBay-DrillSites-20131224.jpg|800px|
Panorama of rocks and drilling sites near the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' rover]] at Yellowknife Bay (December 24, 2012).}}
{{Wide image|PIA19840-MarsCuriosityRover-HiddenValley-Sol703-Rel20151008.jpg|800px|Panorama of rocks in "Hidden Valley" near the "Pahrump Hills" on Mount Sharp as viewed by the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' rover]] (September 11, 2014).}}
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{{Wide image |PIA17931 Martian Valley May Be Curiosity's Route, Figure 1.jpg|800px|Panorama of rocks near "Dingo Gap" on the way to Mount Sharp viewed by the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' rover]] (January 30, 2014; [https://web.archive.org/web/20140222100259/http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/images/PIA17931-FigB_M34-sol528-raw-full.jpg raw color]).}}
{{Wide image |PIA17766-MarsCuriosityRover-DingoGap-20140128.jpg|800px|Panorama of rocks near the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' Rover]] at "Dingo Gap" on the way to Mount Sharp (January 28, 2014; [[Color balance|white balanced]]; [https://web.archive.org/web/20150121025648/http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/images/pia17766-FigB_Mastcam-sol526-raw-full.jpg raw color]).}}
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{{Wide image|PIA19142-MarsCuriosityRover-Self-Mojave-20150131.jpg|800px|Panorama of rocks at the ''"Mojave"'' site on Mount Sharp (January 31, 2015).}}
{{wide image|PIA19912-MarsCuriosityRover-MountSharp-20151002.jpg|800px|Panorama of the rocky slopes of Mount Sharp (September 9, 2015).}}
[[File:PIA22210-Mars-CuriosityRover-GaleCrater-20171025-annotated.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Panorama of rocks viewed by ''Curiosity'' on the slopes (at {{convert|327|m|ft|abbr=on}} elevation) of Mount Sharp (October 25, 2017; [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5nrrnAukwI video (1:53)]).]]
[[File:PIA23623-CuriosityRoverPanorama-Nov24-Dec01-2019.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Panorama of rocks viewed by ''Curiosity'' on the slopes of Mount Sharp (December 1, 2019; [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2UaFuJsqxk video (3:09)]).]]
[[File:PIA24937-MarsCuriosityRover-20211116.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Panorama - viewed by ''Curiosity'' (November 16, 2021)]]thumb|center|800px|Panorama of rocks viewed by [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' on the slopes of Mount Sharp at Gediz Valles (November 7, 2022).]]
{{Wide image|Martian-Sunset-O-de-Goursac-Curiosity-2013.jpg|800px|Panorama of rocks near the [[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' rover]] – at Yellowknife Bay around [[Astronomy:Sunset#Planets|sunset]] (February 2013; Sun simulated by artist).}}
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{{multiple image |header=Rocks viewed by ''Curiosity'' - [[Astronomy:Climate of Mars#Effect of dust storms|Effect of 2018 dust storm winds]]<ref name="NASA-20191029">{{cite news |last=Rice |first=Melissa |title=Sol 2216: A Windswept Workspace |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission/mars-rover-curiosity-mission-updates/?mu=sol-2216-a-windswept-workspace |date=October 29, 2018 |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |access-date=November 2, 2018 }}</ref> |align=center |caption_align=center |direction=horizontal |width=400 |image1=NASA-MarsCuriosity-RocksBeforeDustStorm-20180914.jpg |caption1='''Before''' dust storm winds (September 14, 2018) |image2=NASA-MarsCuriosity-RocksAfterDustStorm-20181025.jpg |caption2='''After''' dust storm winds (October 25, 2018)}}
[[File:PIA23977-MarsCuriosityRover-DrillHoles-20200701.jpg|thumb|center|800px|<div align="center">Mars ''Curiosity'' rover - 26 drill holes (July 1, 2020)<br />[Click Here for  updated 32 drill holes version (August 17, 2021)]</div>]]
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{{clear}}

== 2018 – ''InSight'' lander ==
'''[[Astronomy:InSight|{{visible anchor|''InSight'' lander}}]] – May 8, 2018; [[Astronomy:Elysium Planitia|Elysium Planitia]]; CURRENTLY ACTIVE.'''<br />
As of {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{C ''InSight'' has r {{age in sols|2018|11|26}} [[Astronomy:Timekeeping on Mars#Sols|sols]] ({{age in days|2018|11|26}} days; <SMALL>''{{Age in years and days|26 November 2018}}''</SMALL>).<br />
Mars landing coordinates: {{Coord|4.5024|N|135.6234|E|globe:Mars|name=InSight lander}} ({{Coord|4|30|8.6394|N|135|37|24.24|E|globe:Mars|name=InSight lander}})<br />
''<small>([[Raw image format|Raw Images]] - [https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/multimedia/raw-images/ NASA] and [https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/snt?subselect=Mission%3AInSight%3A JPL] + [http://pds.nasa.gov/tools/nasa-view.shtml NASA Image Viewer].)</small>''
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{{div col|colwidth=14em}}
{{div col end}}
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{{Wide image|PIA23140-Mars-InsightLander-Panorama-12092018.jpg|800px|Panorama of InSight lander landing site (December 9, 2018)}}
{{clear}}

== 2021 – ''Perseverance'' rover (Mars 2020) ==

'''[[Engineering:Perseverance (rover)|''{{visible anchor|Perseverance}}'' rover]] – February 18, 2021; [[Astronomy:Jezero (crater)|Jezero crater]]; CURRENTLY ACTIVE.'''<br />
As of {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{C ''Perseverance' ve for {{Perseverance Mission Timer}} [[Astronomy:Sol (day on Mars)|sols]] ({{age in days|2021|02|18}} total days; <SMALL>''{{Age in years and days|18 FEB 2021}}''</SMALL>).<br />
Mars landing coordinates: {{Coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars|name=Peseverance rover}} ({{Coord|18|26|40.92|N|77|27|2.88|E|globe:Mars|name=Curiosity rover}})<br />
''<small>([[Raw image format|Raw Images]] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20210215205530/https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/ Camera] and [https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/images/#/ Sol] and [https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/ 1-JPL] + [https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/snt?subselect=Mission%3AMars+2020+Project%3A 2-JPL] + [https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/snt?subselect=Mission%3AMars+2020+Rover%3A 3-JPL] + [http://pds.nasa.gov/tools/nasa-view.shtml NASA Image Viewer].)</small>''
{{div col|colwidth=14em}}
* Landing Site (area)<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* AEGIS_0442B rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Artuby outcrop (area)<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* "Boulder field"<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Brac rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Cine rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* "Crater Floor Fractured Rough" (area)<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Delta sediment (area)<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Dourbes rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Faillefeu rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* First borehole (Roubion)<!---Jezero Crater--->
* Foux rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Garde rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Intriguing rocks<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Máaz – 1st study target<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Máaz rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Odd rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Otis Peak rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* "Paver rocks"<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Rochette rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* SnakeHead rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Wind-carved rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
* Yeehgo rock<!-- Jezero Crater -->
{{div col end}}
<gallery>
Image:Perseverance's First Full-Color Look at Mars.png|First color image<br />(February 18, 2021)
Image:PIA24485-MarsPerseveranceRover-OctaviaEButlerLanding-DeltaSediment-20210222.jpg|Delta sediment<br />(February 22, 2021)
Image:PIA24484-MarsPerseveranceRover-FirstStudyTarget-20210222.jpg|Máaz - 1st study target<br />(February 22, 2021)
Image:PIA24264-MarsPerseveranceRover-WindCarvedRock-20210224c.jpg|Wind-carved rock<br />(February 24, 2021)
Image:MarsPerseveranceRover-MáazRock-20210302.jpg|Máaz rock<br />(March 2, 2021)
Image:PIA24492-MarsPerseveranceRover-YeehgoRock-20210310.jpg|Yeehgo rock<br />(March 7, 2021)
Image:NASA-MarsPerseveranceRover-OddRock-20210328.jpg|Odd rock<br />(March 28, 2021)
Image:PIA24627-MarsPerseveranceRover-IntriguingRocks-20210427.jpg|Intriguing rocks<br />(April 27, 2021)
Image:PIA24641-MarsPerseveranceRover-WatsonCameraViewsRocks-20210510.webm|Focus test ([[:Image:PIA24641-MarsPerseveranceRover-WatsonCameraViewsRocks-20210510.webm|video]]; 0:05)<br />(May 10, 2021)
Image:PIA24747-MarsPerseveranceRover-ArtubyOutcrop-20210617.jpg|Artuby outcrop<br />(June 17, 2021)
Image:PIA24748-MarsPerseveranceRover-PaverRocks-20210710.gif|Examining "paver rocks"<br />(July 10, 2021)
Image:PIA24728-Mars2020-FouxRock-20210711.jpg|Foux rock<br />(July 11, 2021)
Image:PIA24796-MarsPerseveranceRover-1stBoreHole-20210807.jpg|First borehole (Roubion)<br />(August 7, 2021)
Image:PIA24749-MarsPerseveranceRover-LaserHoles-RoubionHole-20210808.jpg|Rubion laser holes<br />(August 8, 2021)
Image:PIA24767-MarsPerseveranceRover-RochetteRock-20210826.jpg|Rochette rock<br />(August 26, 2021)
Image:PIA24805 - Navcam of Borehole - Sol190 by rover Perseverance.jpg|Rochette rock borehole<br />(September 1, 2021)
Image:Perseverance-Selfie-at-Rochette-Horizontal-V2 (cropped).gif|Rochette rock boreholes<br />(September 10, 2021)
Image:PIA24810-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FaillefeuRock-20210904.jpg|Faillefeu rock<br />(September 4, 2021)
Image:PIA24936-MarsPerseveranceRover-CineRock-20210917.jpg|Cine Rock<br />(September 17, 2021)
Image:PIA25042-MarsPerseveranceRover-GardeRock-SHERLOC-20210918.jpg|Garde rock-SHERLOC<br />(September 18,2021)
Image:PIA25043-MarsPerseveranceRover-GardeRock-Close-SHERLOC-20210918.jpg|Garde rock-SHERLOC<br />(September 18, 2021)
Image:PIA24940-MarsPerseveranceRover-DourbesRock-WATSON-20211105.jpg|Dourbes rock-WATSON<br />(November 5, 2021)
Image:PIA25041-MarsPerseveranceRover-DourbesRock-PIXL.jpg|Dourbes rock-PIXL<br />(November 5, 2021)
Image:The “Brac” rock target in Jezero crater on Mars.png|Brac rock<br />(November 15, 2021)
Image:PIA25289-MarsPerseveranceRover-SuperCam-RockB-20220518.jpg|"AEGIS_0442B" rock (May 18, 2022)
Image:NASA-MarsPerseveranceRover-SnakeHeadRock-20220612.jpg|SnakeHead rock<br />(June 12, 2022)
Image:PIA25962-MarsPerseveranceRover-OtisPeak-RockSample-20230612.jpg|Otis Peak sample<br />(June 12, 2023)
Image:PIA25963-MarsPerseveranceRover-BoulderField-20230706.jpg|Boulder field<br />(July 6, 2023)
Image:PIA26232-MarsPerseveranceRover-JezeroCrater-CoredSamples-1000sols-20231212.jpg|Cored Rock sample collection at 1000 sols<br />(December 12, 2023)
</gallery>
{{Wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|Panorama from ''Perseverance''{{'s}} Octavia E. Butler Landing site (February 18, 2021)}}
{{Wide image|PIA24264-MarsPerseveranceRover-WindCarvedRock-20210224.jpg|800px|Panorama from ''Perseverance''{{'s}} Octavia E. Butler Landing site − Wind-carved rock (February 24, 2021)}}
{{Wide image|Jezero Crater Rim Panorama NASA Perseverance rover.jpg|800px|Panorama from ''Perseverance''{{'s}} Octavia E. Butler Landing site (February 21, 2021)}}
{{Wide image|PIA23727-MarsPerseveranceRover-Panorama-20210222.png|800px|Panorama from ''Perseverance''{{'s}} Octavia E. Butler Landing site (ultra-high-rez; February 22, 2021)}}
[[File:PIA25075-MarsPerseveranceRover-SantaCruz-20210429.jpg|thumb|800px|center|Panorama from ''Perseverance'' viewing Santa Cruz (April 29, 2021)]]
[[File:PIA24746-MarsPerseveranceRover-CraterFloorFracturedRough-20210708.jpg|thumb|800px|center|Panorama from ''Perseverance'' – "Crater Floor Fractured Rough" (July 8, 2021)]]
{{Wide Image|PIA24745-MarsPerseveranceRover-PaverRocksArea-20210715.jpg|800px|Panorama from ''Perseverance'' views "Crater Floor Fractured Rough" and "paver rocks" area (July 15, 2021)}}
[[File:South Séítah locations (PIA24816).jpg|thumb|center|800px|Panorama from ''Perseverance'' viewing the South Séítah geologic unit (September 12, 2021)]]
[[File:PIA24765-MarsPerseveranceRover-1stDrillSite-20210728.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Panorama of ''Perseverance'' viewing first drill site (enhanced color; July 28, 2021)]]
[[File:PIA25172-MarsPerseveranceRover-SantaCruz-20220216.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Panorama of ''Perseverance'' viewing Santa Cruz (February 16, 2022)]]
[[File:PIA26080-MarsPeseveranceRover-AireyHill-20231106.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Panorama of ''Perseverance'' viewing Airey Hill (November 3/4̹/6, 2023)]]
{{Wide image|PIA24542-MarsPerseveranceRover-IngenuityHelicopter-SelfPortrait-20210406.jpg|800px|Panorama includes [[Engineering:Perseverance (rover)|''Perseverance'' rover]] and [[Engineering:Ingenuity (helicopter)|''Ingenuity'' helicopter]] near Octavia E. Butler Landing site (April 6, 2021)}}
{{clear}}

==Other rock formations==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Astronomy:Caves of Mars Project|Cave entrances]]
* Face on Mars
* [[Astronomy:Mars monolith|Mars monolith]]
* Mars [[Earth:Rootless cone|rootless cone]]s
{{div col end}}
<gallery>
Image:Martian face viking cropped.jpg|"Face on Mars" – due to Sun's lighting ([[Astronomy:Viking 1#Orbiter|''Viking 1'' orbiter]]; July 25, 1976)<br />({{Coord|40.75|N|9.46|W|globe:Mars}}).
Image:PIA25709-BearFaceOnMars.jpg|"Bear Face on Mars" viewed from [[Astronomy:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter|MROrbiter]]<br />(January 31, 2023)
Image:Galle crater.gif|"[[Smiley|Smiley Face on Mars]]" in [[Astronomy:Galle (Martian crater)|Galle Crater]] on [[Astronomy:Mars|Mars]].<br />([[Astronomy:Viking 1|''Viking 1'' orbiter]]; 1970s).
Image:NASA-Mars-$tarTrekFleetLogo-20190612.jpg|''"Star Trek"'' Starfleet emblem – formed from [[Astronomy:Martian soil|dunes]] on [[Astronomy:Mars|Mars]].<ref name="CNET-20190612">{{cite news |last=Kooser |first=Amanda |title=Star Trek on Mars: NASA spots Starfleet logo in dune footprint - Beam me down to Mars, Scotty. |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/star-trek-on-mars-nasa-spots-starfleet-logo-in-dune-footprint/ |date=12 June 2019 |work=CNET |access-date=12 June 2019 }}</ref><ref name="TT-20190616">{{cite news |last=Samson |first=Diane |title=William Shatner Takes Playful Jab At 'Star Wars' Over 'Starfleet' Symbol Found On Mars |url=https://www.techtimes.com/articles/244331/20190615/william-shatner-takes-playful-jab-at-star-wars-over-starfleet-symbol-found-on-mars.htm |date=16 June 2019 |work=TechTimes.com |access-date=16 June 2019 }}</ref>
Image:NASA-MarsCuriosityRover-20141007-CropEnlarge.jpg|"Buddha"-like rock formation.<ref name="HP-20151019">{{cite news|last=Speigel|first=Lee|title=Buddha Statue (Or Rock Formation) Spotted On Mars|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/buddha-statue-on-mars_561fbd92e4b050c6c4a47dec|date=October 19, 2015|work=Huffington Post|access-date=December 12, 2015 }}</ref> ([[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' rover]]; October 7, 2014).
Image:NASA-MarsCuriosityRover-RockSpikes-20220517.jpg|"Finger"-like rocks ([[Engineering:Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' rover]]; May 17, 2022)
Image:PIA25828-MarsCuriosityRover-Rock-TerraFirme-20230415.jpg|"Book"-like rock ("Terra Firme") (''Curiosity'' rover; April 15, 2023)
Image:Perseverance Discovers a Doughnut-Shaped Rock (PIA25916).jpg|"Doughnut"-shaped  rock (''Perseverance'' rover; June 22, 2023).
Image:Perseverance Finds a Hollowed-Out Rock (PIA25917).jpg|"Hollowed-Out" rock (''Perseverance'' rover; June 26, 2023).
Image:MarsCuriosityRover-DoorwayRockStructure-20220507.jpg|"Door"-like structure (''Curiosity'' rover; May 7, 2022).
Image:The Mars Monolith.jpg|[[Astronomy:Mars monolith|"Monolith"]] on Mars – rectangular [[Earth:Boulder|boulder]] ([[Astronomy:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter|MRO]]; July 24, 2008)<br />({{Coord|7.231|S|267.350|E|globe:Mars}}).
Image:PIA18594-Mars-UprightBoulder-20140703.jpg|[[Rectangle|Oblong]] [[Earth:Boulder|boulder]] on Mars – lands upright after rolling down a hill ([[Astronomy:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter|MRO]]; July 3, 2014)<br />({{Coord|31|S|302|E|globe:Mars}}).
Image:Hearts-of-mars.jpg|"Heart-shaped" features on Mars ([[Astronomy:Mars Global Surveyor|MGS]], [[Engineering:Mars Orbiter Camera|MOC]]; February 14, 2004).
Image:MarsHole-Near-PavonisMons-20200301.jpg|Mars hole near [[Astronomy:Pavonis Mons|Pavonis Mons]].
Image:PIA24614-Mars-CollapsePit-20210427.jpg|Collapse pit<br />(December 28, 2020)
Image:Mars caves from NASA orbiters.jpg|[[Astronomy:Caves of Mars Project|Cave entrances]] (possible) on Mars ([[Astronomy:2001 Mars Odyssey|2001 Mars Odyssey]]; September 24, 2007).
Image:MarsCones-ESP_030192_2020.jpg|[[Earth:Rootless cone|Rootless cone]]s on Mars – due to lava flows interacting with [[Chemistry:Water|water]] ([[Astronomy:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter|MRO]]; January 4, 2013)<br />({{Coord|21.965|N|197.807|E|globe:Mars}}).
Image:NASA-Mars-BlueDunes-20210412.jpg|Mars blue dunes<br />(April 12, 2021).
Image:PIA24036-Mars-SandDuneRipples-20200812.jpg|Mars sand dune ripples (August 12, 2020).
Image:ESP 031221 1315-Mars-CopernicusCrater-OlivineDuneTerrain-20190831.jpg|[[Astronomy:Copernicus (Martian crater)|Copernicus crater]] - [[Chemistry:Olivine|olivine]] sand dune terrain.
Image:PIA23527-Mars-SandDunes-NHemisphereSpring-20190716.jpg|Sand dunes on Mars during springtime in the Northern Hemisphere.
Image:PIA25795-Mars-CircularSandDunes.jpg|Unusual circular (no frost) sand dunes on Mars.
Image:PIA24420-Mars-FrostySandDunes-20210322.jpg|Mars frosty sand dunes<br />(March 22, 2021).
Image:PIA23581-Mars-FrostedPolygons-20190708.jpg|Polygonal patterns highlighted by [[Chemistry:Carbon dioxide|carbon dioxide]] frost.
Image:PIA23529-Mars-DustDeposits-SyriaPlanum-20190811.jpg|Dust deposits-transverse aeolian ridges (TARs)-Syria Planum.
Image:PIA23513-Mars-DustTower-20101130.jpg|Dust tower on Mars between [[Astronomy:Olympus Mons|Olympus Mons]] and [[Astronomy:Valles Marineris|Valles Marineris]].
Image:PIA24468-Mars-Scallops-20210322.jpg|Scallop landforms (March 22, 2021).
Image:PIA22896-Mars-SpiderlikeTerrain-20181211.jpg|[[Astronomy:Geysers on Mars|Spider-like terrain]] on Mars.
Image:PIA24470-Mars-Ridges-20210322.jpg|Mars ridges<br />(March 22, 2021).
Image:Avalanche on North pole scarp on Mars.jpg|Mars [[Earth:Avalanche|avalanche]]<br />[[Astronomy:Planum Boreum|North pole]]<br />(November 27, 2011).
Image:PIA24035-Mars-Avalanche-20190529.jpg|Mars [[Earth:Avalanche|avalanche]]<br />[[Astronomy:Planum Boreum|North pole]]<br />(May 29, 2019).
</gallery>
{{clear}}

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* {{annotated link|Biology:Chemical gardening}}
* {{annotated link|Chemistry:Composition of Mars}}
* {{annotated link|Astronomy:Geology of Mars}}
* {{annotated link|Earth:Formation of rocks}}
* [[Astronomy:List of craters on Mars|List of craters on Mars]]
* [[Earth:List of minerals|List of minerals]]
* [[Astronomy:List of mountains on Mars|List of mountains on Mars]]
* [[Astronomy:List of quadrangles on Mars|List of quadrangles on Mars]]
* [[Earth:List of rock formations|List of rock formations]]
* [[Earth:List of rock types|List of rock types]]
* [[Astronomy:List of valles on Mars|List of valles on Mars]]
* {{annotated link|Astronomy:Martian soil}}
* [[Astronomy:Mineralogy of Mars|Mineralogy of Mars]]
* {{annotated link|Astronomy:Planetary nomenclature}}
* {{annotated link|Earth:Rock cycle}}
* {{annotated link|Astronomy:Water on Mars}}
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3292/ Mars - Geologic Map] (USGS, 2014) ([http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3292/pdf/sim3292_map.pdf original] / [[:File:USGS-MarsMap-sim3292-20140714-crop.png|crop]] / [[:File:USGS-MarsMap-sim3292-20140714-full.png|full]] / [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quZMhSohIEU video (00:56)]).
* Google Images: [https://www.google.com/search?biw=1800&bih=961&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=v6gIW7i6FvHy5gKqhKjgCA&q=Rocks+on+Mars&oq=Rocks+on+Mars&gs_l=img.12..0j0i5i30k1l2j0i24k1.39603.43061.0.46766.9.9.0.0.0.0.67.554.9.9.0....0...1.1.64.img..0.9.554...0i67k1.0.2CBJy2ob8Ws Rocks on Mars] and [https://www.google.com/search?q=Martian+rocks&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie1eSEjqLbAhXiuFkKHSm_CToQ_AUICygC&biw=1800&bih=961 Martian Rocks]
* [http://geology.com/stories/13/rocks-on-mars/ Rocks on Mars (Geology.com)]
* [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/imp/names/names.html MPF Rock Names]
* [http://www.kevinhamilton.org/share/rocktales_kham.ppt Named Rocks on Mars (ppt file)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100216233133/http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/ NASA – Mars Exploration Program]
* [https://www.cnet.com/pictures/weird-objects-on-mars-pictures/20/ Understanding 35 weird objects on Mars]
* [https://cloudproject.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=7ef155a6-4796-4a11-a113-a9840182d681 The Origins of Life] ([[Biography:Robert Hazen|Robert Hazen]], [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]) (video, 38m, April 2014).
* {{YouTube|_oiAVmgLPpY|Co-Evolution of Life and Rocks}} ([[Biography:Robert Hazen|Robert Hazen]], [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]) (video, 70m, July 2019).

{{Mars}}
{{MSL}}
{{Geography of Mars}}

[[Category:Rocks on Mars|*]]

{{Sourceattribution|List of rocks on Mars}}