View source for Biology:Ciliate, dasycladacean and hexamita nuclear code

{{Short description|Alternative genetic code}}
The '''ciliate, dasycladacean and ''Hexamita'' nuclear code''' (translation table '''6''') is a [[Biology:Genetic code|genetic code]] used by certain ciliate, [[Biology:Dasycladaceae|dasycladacean]] and ''Hexamita'' species.

The ciliate macronuclear code has not been determined completely. The codon UAA is known to code for Gln only in the Oxytrichidae.

==The code==

:<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Chemistry:Amino acid|AAs]]  = FFLLSSSSYYQQCC*WLLLLPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG</code>
:<code>[[Biology:Start codon|Starts]] = -----------------------------------M----------------------------</code>
:<code>&nbsp;[[Biology:DNA#Nucleobase classification|Base1]] = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG</code>
:<code>&nbsp;Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG</code>
:<code>&nbsp;Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG</code>

Bases: [[Chemistry:Adenine|adenine]] (A), [[Chemistry:Cytosine|cytosine]] (C), [[Chemistry:Guanine|guanine]] (G) and [[Chemistry:Thymine|thymine]] (T) or [[Chemistry:Uracil|uracil]] (U).

Amino acids: [[Chemistry:Alanine|Alanine]] (Ala, A), [[Chemistry:Arginine|Arginine]] (Arg, R), [[Chemistry:Asparagine|Asparagine]] (Asn, N), [[Chemistry:Aspartic acid|Aspartic acid]] (Asp, D), [[Chemistry:Cysteine|Cysteine]] (Cys, C), [[Chemistry:Glutamic acid|Glutamic acid]] (Glu, E), [[Chemistry:Glutamine|Glutamine]] (Gln, Q), [[Chemistry:Glycine|Glycine]] (Gly, G), [[Chemistry:Histidine|Histidine]] (His, H), [[Chemistry:Isoleucine|Isoleucine]] (Ile, I), [[Chemistry:Leucine|Leucine]] (Leu, L), [[Chemistry:Lysine|Lysine]] (Lys, K), [[Chemistry:Methionine|Methionine]] (Met, M), [[Chemistry:Phenylalanine|Phenylalanine]] (Phe, F), [[Chemistry:Proline|Proline]] (Pro, P), [[Chemistry:Serine|Serine]] (Ser, S), [[Chemistry:Threonine|Threonine]] (Thr, T), [[Chemistry:Tryptophan|Tryptophan]] (Trp, W), [[Chemistry:Tyrosine|Tyrosine]] (Tyr, Y), [[Chemistry:Valine|Valine]] (Val, V).

==Differences from the standard code==

{|class="wikitable" style="border: none; background: none; text-align: center;"
|+
|-
! DNA codons !! RNA codons !! This code (6) !! style="border: none; background: none; width: 1px;" | !! [[Biology:DNA codon table|Standard code]] (1)
|-
| {{mono|TAA}} || {{mono|UAA}} || style="background-color:#b3dec0;" | {{mono|Gln (Q)}} || style="border: none; background: none; width: 1px;" | || style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | {{mono|1=STOP = Ter (*)}}
|-
| {{mono|TAG}} || {{mono|UAG}} || style="background-color:#b3dec0;" | {{mono|Gln (Q)}} || style="border: none; background: none; width: 1px;" | || style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | {{mono|1=STOP = Ter (*)}}
|}

==Systematic range==
* Ciliata: ''[[Biology:Oxytricha|Oxytricha]]'' and ''[[Biology:Stylonychia|Stylonychia]]'',<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hoffman DC, Anderson RC, DuBois ML, Prescott DM |title=Macronuclear gene-sized molecules of hypotrichs |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=1279–83 |year=1995 |pmid=7753617 |pmc=306850 |doi=10.1093/nar/23.8.1279 }}</ref> ''[[Biology:Paramecium|Paramecium]]'', ''[[Biology:Tetrahymena|Tetrahymena]]'', [[Biology:Oxytrichidae|Oxytrichidae]] and probably ''Glaucoma chattoni''.
* [[Biology:Dasycladaceae|Dasycladaceae]]: ''[[Biology:Acetabularia|Acetabularia]]'',<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schneider SU, Leible MB, Yang XP |title=Strong homology between the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase of two species of ''Acetabularia'' and the occurrence of unusual codon usage |journal=Molecular & General Genetics |volume=218 |issue=3 |pages=445–52 |year=1989 |pmid=2573818 |doi=10.1007/bf00332408|s2cid=31247623 }}</ref> and ''[[Biology:Batophora|Batophora]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schneider SU, de Groot EJ |title=Sequences of two rbcS cDNA clones of ''Batophora oerstedii'': structural and evolutionary considerations |journal=Current Genetics |volume=20 |issue=1–2 |pages=173–5 |year=1991 |pmid=1934113 |doi=10.1007/bf00312782|s2cid=13509708 }}</ref>
* Diplomonadida: ''Hexamita inflata'', Diplomonadida ATCC50330, and ATCC50380.

==See also== 
* [[Biology:List of genetic codes|List of genetic codes]]

==References==
{{NLM content}}<ref name="NCBI">{{cite web | first1 = Andrzej | last1 = Elzanowski | first2 = Jim | last2 = Ostell | first3 = Detlef | last3 = Leipe | first4 = Vladimir | last4 = Soussov | name-list-style = vanc |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/taxonomyhome.html/index.cgi?chapter=tgencodes#thetop |title= The Genetic Codes|access-date=29 January 2016 | work = Taxonomy browser | publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), U.S. National Library of Medicine }}</ref>
{{Reflist|refs=
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==External links==
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Keeling PJ, Doolittle WF |title=A non-canonical genetic code in an early diverging eukaryotic lineage |journal=The EMBO Journal |volume=15 |issue=9 |pages=2285–90 |year=1996 |doi=10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00581.x |pmid=8641293 |pmc=450153 }}

[[Category:Molecular genetics]]
[[Category:Gene expression]]
[[Category:Protein biosynthesis]]



{{Sourceattribution|Ciliate, dasycladacean and hexamita nuclear code}}