View source for Biology:Woodwardia

{{Short description|Genus of ferns}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Paleocene|Recent}}
| image = Wradicans.jpg
| image_caption = ''Woodwardia radicans''
| taxon = Woodwardia
| authority = [[Biography:James Edward Smith (botanist)|Sm.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text.
| synonyms = {{species list
|Anchistea|C.Presl
|Chieniopteris|Ching
|Lorinseria|C.Presl}}
}}


'''''Woodwardia''''' is a [[Biology:Genus|genus]] of [[Biology:Fern|fern]]s in the family [[Biology:Blechnaceae|Blechnaceae]], in the suborder [[Biology:Aspleniineae|Aspleniineae]] (eupolypods II) of the order [[Biology:Polypodiales|Polypodiales]].<ref name=PPGI/><ref name=Christenhusz-2011/> Species are known as netted-'''chain ferns'''. The genus is native to warm temperate and subtropical regions of the [[Earth:Northern Hemisphere|Northern Hemisphere]]. They are large ferns, with [[Biology:Frond|frond]]s growing to 50–300&nbsp;cm long depending on the species. The fossil record of the genus extends to the [[Earth:Paleocene|Paleocene]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Song|first1=Han-Zhang|last2=Naugolnykh|first2=Serge V.|last3=Wu|first3=Xin-Kai|last4=Liu|first4=Xiao-Yan|last5=Jin|first5=Jian-Hua|date=September 2021|title=Fertile Woodwardia from the middle Eocene of South China and its implications for palaeogeography and palaeoclimate|journal=Plant Diversity|volume=44 |issue=6 |language=en|pages=565–576|doi=10.1016/j.pld.2021.09.003|pmid=36540713 |pmc=9751083 |s2cid=240534497|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
''Woodwardia'' was first described by [[Biography:James Edward Smith (botanist)|James Edward Smith]] in 1793.<ref name="IPNI_17235230-1">{{cite web |title=''Woodwardia'' Sm. |work=[[Biology:International Plant Names Index|The International Plant Names Index]] |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/17235230-1 |access-date=2019-08-09 }}</ref> It was named after Thomas Jenkinson Woodward.<ref>{{ODNBweb|id=26073|title=Woodward, Thomas Jenkinson|first=Anita|last=McConnell}}</ref> When broadly [[Philosophy:Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscribed]], the genus contains about 15 species (plus some hybrids). In the [[Biology:Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group|Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group]] classification of 2016 (PPG I), the genera ''[[Biology:Anchistea|Anchistea]]'' and ''[[Biology:Lorinseria|Lorinseria]]'' (each with one species) are kept separate.<ref name=PPGI/>

===Species===
{{As of|2019|August}}, [[Biology:Plants of the World Online|Plants of the World Online]] accepts the following species,<ref name="POWO_17235230-1">{{cite web |title=''Woodwardia'' Sm. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17235230-1 |access-date=2019-08-09 }}</ref> excluding those placed in other genera in the PPG I system.<ref name=PPGI/>
*''Woodwardia auriculata'' <small>Blume</small>
*''[[Biology:Woodwardia fimbriata|Woodwardia fimbriata]]'' <small>Sm.</small>
*''Woodwardia harlandii'' <small>Hook.</small>
*''Woodwardia intermedia'' <small>Christ</small>
*''Woodwardia japonica'' <small>(L.f.) Sm.</small>
*''Woodwardia kempii'' <small>Copel.</small>
*''Woodwardia magnifica'' <small>Ching & P.S.Chiu</small>
*''Woodwardia martinezii'' <small>Maxon ex Weath.</small>
*''Woodwardia orientalis'' <small>(Sw.) Sw.</small>
*''[[Biology:Woodwardia prolifera|Woodwardia prolifera]]'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small>
*''[[Biology:Woodwardia radicans|Woodwardia radicans]]'' <small>(L.) Sm.</small>
*''Woodwardia spinulosa'' <small>M.Martens & Galeotti</small>
*''[[Biology:Woodwardia unigemmata|Woodwardia unigemmata]]'' <small>(Makino) Nakai</small>

Species placed elsewhere in PPG I are:<ref name=PPGI/>
*''Woodwardia areolata'' <small>(L.) T.Moore</small> = ''[[Biology:Lorinseria|Lorinseria areolata]]'' <small>(L.) C.Presl</small> 
*''Woodwardia virginica'' <small>(L.) Sm.</small> = ''[[Biology:Anchistea|Anchistea virginica]]'' <small>(L.) C.Presl</small>


<gallery>
File:東方狗脊蕨 - 溪頭自然教育園區 Woodwardia orientalis - Xitou Nature Education Area, Taiwan 20220531201808 12.jpg|Some species have large leaves, such as ''W. orientalis''. Leaves are deeply bipinnatifid. Young leaves of W. orientalis are red and the young adventitious buds on the leaf surface are also red.
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=PPGI>{{citation |mode=cs1|author=PPG I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229|s2cid=39980610 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=Christenhusz-2011>{{cite journal 
|author=Maarten J. M. Christenhusz 
|author2=Xian-Chun Zhang 
|author3=Harald Schneider 
|name-list-style=amp 
|year=2011 
|title=A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns 
|journal=Phytotaxa|volume=19|pages=7–54 
|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2 
|url=http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?12873 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Woodwardia'']
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=134976 Flora of North America: ''Woodwardia'']
*[http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=3&start_taxon_id=134976 Flora of China: ''Woodwardia'' species list]
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/39534/39534-h/39534-h.htm#Woodwardia Smith's original description of the genus online at Project Gutenberg]
*Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q732221}}

[[Category:Blechnaceae]]
[[Category:Fern genera]]

{{Sourceattribution|Woodwardia}}