Biology:Woodwardia

From HandWiki

Woodwardia is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, in the suborder Aspleniineae (eupolypods II) of the order Polypodiales.[1][2] Species are known as netted-chain ferns. The genus is native to warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are large ferns, with fronds growing to 50–300 cm long depending on the species. The fossil record of the genus extends to the Paleocene.[3]

Taxonomy

Woodwardia was first described by James Edward Smith in 1793.[4] It was named after Thomas Jenkinson Woodward.[5] When broadly circumscribed, the genus contains about 15 species (plus some hybrids). In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the genera Anchistea and Lorinseria (each with one species) are kept separate.[1]

Species

As of September 2024, Plants of the World Online accepts the following species,[6] excluding those placed in other genera in the PPG I system.[1]

Image Scientific name Distribution
Woodwardia auriculata Blume Peninsula Malaysia to Sumatera, W. Jawa[8]
120px Woodwardia fimbriata Sm. W. Canada to Mexico (Baja California Norte, Sonora)[9]
Woodwardia harlandii Hook. S. China to Japan (Yakushima) and N. Indo-China[10]
120px Woodwardia japonica (L.f.) Sm. S. China to Indo-China, Temp. E. Asia[11]
Woodwardia kempii Copel. SE. China, Taiwan, Japan (Mishima, Yakushima).[12]
Woodwardia magnifica Ching & P.S.Chiu China (Yunnan) to Vietnam.[13]
Woodwardia martinezii Maxon ex Weath. Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz)[14]
120px Woodwardia orientalis (Sw.) Sw. E. China, Japan to Philippines.[15]
Woodwardia prolifera Hook. & Arn. SE. China to S. Central & S. Japan and Philippines (Bataan Islands)[16]
120px Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm. Macaronesia, Mediterranean[17]
120px Woodwardia spinulosa M.Martens & Galeotti Mexico to Central America.[18]
120px Woodwardia unigemmata (Makino) Nakai Pakistan to S. Central & S. Japan and N. Indo-China, Jawa, Philippines, New Guinea[19]
Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm. E. Canada to E. Central & E. U.S.A.[20]
Natural Hybrids
Image Name and Parentage Distribution
Woodwardia × intermedia Christ (W. japonica × W. orientalis) S. Japan[21]
Woodwardia × izuensis Sa.Kurata (W. orientalis × W. unigemmata) SC. Japan[22]
Woodwardia × semicordata Mickel & Beitel (W. martinezii × W. spinulosa) Mexico[23]

Species placed elsewhere in PPG I are:[1]

  • Some species have large leaves, such as W. orientalis. Leaves are deeply bipinnatifid. Young leaves of W. orientalis are red and the young adventitious buds on the leaf surface are also red.
    Some species have large leaves, such as W. orientalis. Leaves are deeply bipinnatifid. Young leaves of W. orientalis are red and the young adventitious buds on the leaf surface are also red.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 PPG I (2016), "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns", Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 (6): 563–603, doi:10.1111/jse.12229 
  2. ↑ Maarten J. M. Christenhusz; Xian-Chun Zhang; Harald Schneider (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns". Phytotaxa 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2. http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf. 
  3. ↑ Song, Han-Zhang; Naugolnykh, Serge V.; Wu, Xin-Kai; Liu, Xiao-Yan; Jin, Jian-Hua (September 2021). "Fertile Woodwardia from the middle Eocene of South China and its implications for palaeogeography and palaeoclimate" (in en). Plant Diversity 44 (6): 565–576. doi:10.1016/j.pld.2021.09.003. PMID 36540713. 
  4. ↑ "Woodwardia Sm.". The International Plant Names Index. https://www.ipni.org/n/17235230-1. 
  5. ↑ McConnell, Anita. "Woodward, Thomas Jenkinson". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26073.  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  6. ↑ "Woodwardia Sm.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17235230-1. 
  7. ↑ "Woodwardia areolata (L.) T.Moore". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17235260-1. 
  8. ↑ "Woodwardia auriculata Blume". 2000-01-01. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17235280-1. 
  9. ↑ "Plants of the World Online". 1983-01-01. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17365470-1. 
  10. ↑ "Plants of the World Online". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17235410-1. 
  11. ↑ "Woodwardia japonica (L.f.) Sm.". 1983-01-01. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17235430-1. 
  12. ↑ "Plants of the World Online". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17263850-1. 
  13. ↑ "Woodwardia magnifica Ching & P.S.Chiu". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17464040-1. 
  14. ↑ "Woodwardia martinezii Maxon ex Weath.". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A269127-2. 
  15. ↑ "Woodwardia orientalis (Sw.) Sw.". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17235480-1. 
  16. ↑ "Woodwardia prolifera Hook. & Arn.". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17235490-1. 
  17. ↑ "Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm.". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17235500-1. 
  18. ↑ "Woodwardia spinulosa M.Martens & Galeotti". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17235520-1. 
  19. ↑ "Woodwardia unigemmata (Makino) Nakai". 2000-01-01. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17365530-1. 
  20. ↑ "Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm.". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17235550-1. 
  21. ↑ "Woodwardia × intermedia Christ". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17235420-1. 
  22. ↑ "Woodwardia × izuensis Sa.Kurata". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17464020-1. 
  23. ↑ "Woodwardia × semicordata Mickel & Beitel". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A315257-2. 
  24. ↑ "Woodwardia". https://paleobotany.ru/palynodata/genus/15540. 

Wikidata ☰ Q732221 entry



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