View source for Company:Saab Automobile

{{Short description|Defunct Swedish car manufacturer (1945-2016)}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Saab Automobile AB
| logo = Saab_wordmark_grey.svg
| logo_size =  
| type = [[Finance:Division (business)|Division]]
| traded_as = 
| genre = <!-- Only used with media and publishing companies -->
| predecessor = 
| successor = NEVS
| foundation = {{Start date|1945}}
| defunct = 2016
| fate = Bankrupt
| founder = Saab AB
| location_city = Trollhättan
| location_country = Sweden
| location = 
| locations = 
| area_served = [[Philosophy:World|World]]wide
| industry = {{wipe|Automotive industry}}
| products = [[Engineering:Car|Automobiles]]
| production = 
| services = 
| revenue = 
| operating_income = 
| net_income = 
| assets = 
| equity = 
| owner = 
| parent = Saab AB (1945–1968)<br />Saab-Scania (1968–1990)<br />[[Company:General Motors|General Motors]] (1990–2010)<br />[[Company:Spyker N.V.|Spyker N.V.]] (2010–2012)<br />NEVS (2012–2014)
| divisions = Saab Aero
| subsid = 
| homepage = {{URL|https://saabparts.com/international/|saabparts.com}}
| footnotes = 
}}
'''Saab Automobile AB'''<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.saabusa.com/saabjsp/about/heritage.jsp | title = History and Background: Timeline, Video | publisher = Saab Group | place = US | date = 1 January 1980 | access-date = 11 February 2009 | archive-date = 23 February 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090223205615/http://www.saabusa.com/saabjsp/about/heritage.jsp | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | work = Saab history | url = http://www.saabhistory.com/1969/01/01/the-history-of-svenska-aeroplan-aktiebolaget-or-saab/ | title = The History of Svenska Aeroplan Aktiebolaget or Saab | access-date = 30 January 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|s|ɑː|b}}) was a {{wipe|Automotive industry}} that was founded in Sweden in 1945 when its parent company, Saab AB, began a project to design a small automobile. The first production model, the [[Engineering:Saab 92|Saab 92]], was launched in 1949. In 1968 the parent company merged with Scania-Vabis, and ten years later the [[Engineering:Saab 900|Saab 900]] was launched, in time becoming Saab's best-selling model. In the mid-1980s the new [[Engineering:Saab 9000|Saab 9000]] model also appeared.

In 1989, the automobile division of Saab-Scania was restructured into an independent company, Saab Automobile AB. The American manufacturer [[Company:General Motors|General Motors]] (GM) took 50 percent ownership. Two well-known models to come out of this period were the [[Engineering:Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3]] and the [[Engineering:Saab 9-5|Saab 9-5]]. Then in 2000, GM exercised its option to acquire the remaining 50 percent. In 2010 GM sold Saab Automobile AB to the Dutch automobile manufacturer Spyker Cars N.V.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Durrenberger|first=E. Paul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zqMvDwAAQBAJ&q=General+Motors+acquires+Saab&pg=PT54|title=Uncertain Times: Anthropological Approaches to Labor in a Neoliberal World|date=15 August 2017|publisher=University Press of Colorado|isbn=978-1-60732-631-1|language=en|access-date=28 October 2020|archive-date=3 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903090213/https://books.google.com/books?id=zqMvDwAAQBAJ&q=General+Motors+acquires+Saab&pg=PT54|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | url= http://www.spykercars.nl/download/investor/closure_Saab_Feb_230210_final.pdf | title= Spyker Cars finalises the purchase of Saab | date= 23 February 2010 | publisher= Spyker | access-date= 17 December 2013 | archive-date= 7 August 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110807161510/http://www.spykercars.nl/download/investor/closure_Saab_Feb_230210_final.pdf | url-status= live }}</ref>
[[File:Saab 900 GLE (2) (crop).jpg|thumb|260px|Saab 900]]

After many years establishing a sound engineering reputation and ultimately a [[Engineering:Luxury car|luxury]] price tag, Saab failed to build its customer base beyond its niche following.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/12/people-who-will-miss-saab-most/334092/ | title = The People Who Will Miss Saab the Most; With the bankruptcy and impending doom facing Saab, we mourn with the certain, loyal fans that will miss the Swedish auto-maker. | publisher = The Atlantic | place = US | date = 19 December 2011 | access-date = 7 November 2019 | archive-date = 7 November 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191107171635/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/12/people-who-will-miss-saab-most/334092/ | url-status = live }}</ref> After struggling to avoid insolvency throughout 2011, the company petitioned for [[Finance:Bankruptcy|bankruptcy]] following the failure of a Chinese consortium to complete a purchase of the company; the purchase had been blocked by the former owner GM, which opposed the transfer of technology and production rights to a Chinese company.<ref>{{cite press release | url = http://newsroom.saab.com/news/news/saabautomobilefilesforbankruptcy.5.33e35a55134420c33657ffe39.html | title = Saab Automobile Files for Bankruptcy | publisher = Saab Automobile | date = 19 December 2011 | access-date = 20 December 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120107175604/http://newsroom.saab.com/news/news/saabautomobilefilesforbankruptcy.5.33e35a55134420c33657ffe39.html | archive-date = 7 January 2012 }}.</ref> On 13 June 2012, it was announced that a newly formed company called National Electric Vehicle Sweden (NEVS) had bought Saab Automobile's bankrupt estate.<ref>{{cite news | first = Helena | last = Zachariasson | date = 13 June 2012 | url = http://svt.se/nyheter/ekonomi/saab-har-fatt-en-kopare | title = Saab har fatt en kopare | language = sv | work = SVT | place = SE | trans-title = Saab's new owners will hire hundreds | access-date = 20 October 2012 | archive-date = 23 October 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023120501/http://www.svt.se/nyheter/ekonomi/saab-har-fatt-en-kopare | url-status = live }}</ref> According to "Saab United", the first NEVS Saab 9-3 drove off its pre-production line on 19 September 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCd_VsK9MvY | title = First Nevs Saab Rolls off Pre-Production Line | date = 19 September 2013 | place = Trollhättan | publisher = Saab Group | type = video Posted | format = Youtube | access-date = 6 October 2013 | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203053403/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCd_VsK9MvY | url-status = live }}</ref> Full production restarted on 2 December 2013,<ref>{{Citation | first = Valdemar | last = Lönnroth | date = 28 November 2014 | language = sv | place = SE | title = Lööf på plats nar Nevs drar igang produktion | url = http://ttela.se/ekonomi/saab/1.2576903-loof-pa-plats-nar-nevs-drar-igang-produktion | trans-title = Lööf in place when Nevs kicks off production | newspaper = Ttela }}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> initially the same petrol-powered 9-3 Aero sedans that were built before Saab went bankrupt, and intended to get the car manufacturer's supply chain re-established as it attempted development of a new line of NEVS-Saab products.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2013/12/02/saab-restarts-production/ |title=Saab restarts production |first=Gary |last=Gastelu |work=Fox News |date=2 December 2013 |access-date=21 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218204459/http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2013/12/02/saab-restarts-production/ |archive-date=18 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/global-news/saab-automobile-is-poised-to-resume-production-131202.shtml |title=Saab Automobile Is Poised to Resume Production |first=John D. |last=Stoll |work=Gasgoo Automotive News |date=2 December 2013 |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=21 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221185548/http://autonews.gasgoo.com/global-news/saab-automobile-is-poised-to-resume-production-131202.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> NEVS lost its license to manufacture automobiles under the Saab name (which the namesake aerospace company still owns) in the summer of 2014 and later produced electric cars based on the Saab 9-3 but under its own new car designation "NEVS".<ref>[http://europe.autonews.com/article/20140829/ANE/140829863/saab-carmaker-nevs-granted-creditor-protection-by-court-but-loses ''Saab carmaker NEVS granted creditor protection by court but loses right to use Saab name''; Automotive News Europe, 29 August 2014, at europe.autonews.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915204815/https://europe.autonews.com/article/20140829/ANE/140829863/saab-carmaker-nevs-granted-creditor-protection-by-court-but-loses-right-to-use-saab-name |date=15 September 2019 }} Accessed 8 November 2017</ref><ref name="NEVS new trademark">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nevs.com/en/media/press-releases/nevs-launches-its-new-trademark-and-sets-off-to-shape-the-future-of-mobility/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914013144/https://www.nevs.com/en/media/press-releases/nevs-launches-its-new-trademark-and-sets-off-to-shape-the-future-of-mobility/|url-status=dead|title=nevs.com: ''NEVS launches its new trademark''|archivedate=14 September 2016}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Ursaab.jpg|thumb|right|Ursaab, the prototype for the Saab 92 – Saab's first automobile]]

===Svenska Aeroplan AB (1948–1969)===
[[File:SAAB 96 De Luxe 1964.jpg|thumb|Saab 96]]
Saab, "''S''venska ''A''eroplan [[Finance:Aktiebolag|''A''ktie''b''olaget]]" (Swedish for "Swedish aeroplane corporation"), a Swedish aerospace and defence company, was created in 1937 in Linköping. The company had been established in 1937 for the express purpose of building aircraft for the {{wipe|Swedish Air Force}} to protect the country's neutrality as Europe moved closer to [[Social:World War II|World War II]]. As the war drew to a close and the market for fighter planes seemed to weaken, the company began looking for new markets to diversify.

An automobile design project was started in 1945 with the internal name "X9248".<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Ce_4UTP97ZIC&pg=PT84 |title= Cars: Freedom, Style, Sex, Power, Motion, Colour, Everything |first= Stephen |last= Bayley |publisher= Hachette |place= UK |date= February 2012 |access-date= 20 April 2012 |isbn= 9781840916065 |archive-date= 3 September 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230903090214/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ce_4UTP97ZIC&pg=PT84 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hemmings.com/hsx/stories/2008/12/01/hmn_feature19.html |title=Sixten Sason |work=Hemmings Motor News |first=Jim |last=Donnelly |date=December 2008 |access-date=20 April 2012 |archive-date=29 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729150316/http://www.hemmings.com/hsx/stories/2008/12/01/hmn_feature19.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The design project became formally known as "Project 92"; the ''92'' being next in production sequence after the Saab 91, a single engine trainer aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://saabmuseum.com/en/saab-model/ursaab/ |title= Ursaab |work= The Saab Museum |year= 2012 |access-date= 3 May 2012 |archive-date= 13 May 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120513213600/http://saabmuseum.com/en/saab-model/ursaab/ |url-status= live }}</ref> In 1948, a company site in Trollhättan was converted to allow automobile assembly and the project moved there, along with the car manufacturing headquarters, which has remained there since. The company made four prototypes named "Ursaab" or "original Saab", numbered 92001 through to 92004, before designing the production model, the [[Engineering:Saab 92|Saab 92]], in 1949.

The Saab 92 went into production in December 1949.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pI_r3ULwTkMC&pg=PA118 |title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Extraordinary Automobiles |page= 118 |first= Giles |last= Chapman |publisher= Dorling Kindersley |date= May 2009 |access-date= 3 May 2012 |isbn= 9781405336956 |archive-date= 19 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230419082012/https://books.google.com/books?id=pI_r3ULwTkMC&pg=PA118 |url-status= live }}</ref> 20,000 cars were sold through the mid-1950s. The 92 was thoroughly redesigned and re-engineered in 1955, and was renamed as the "[[Engineering:Saab 93|Saab 93]]". The car's engine gained a cylinder, going from two to three and its front fascia became the first to sport the first incarnation of Saab's trademark trapezoidal radiator grill. A wagon variant, the [[Engineering:Saab 95|Saab 95]], was added in 1959.  The decade also saw Saab's first performance car, the Saab 94, the first of the [[Engineering:Saab Sonett|Saab Sonett]]s.

1960 saw the third major revision to the 92's platform as the [[Engineering:Saab 96|Saab 96]]. The 96 was an important model for Saab: it was the first Saab to be widely exported out of Sweden. The unusual vehicle proved very popular, selling nearly 550,000 examples. Unlike American cars of the day, the 93, 95 and 96 all featured the 3-cylinder 2-cycle engine, which required adding oil to the petrol tank, front-wheel drive, and freewheeling, which allowed the driver to downshift the on-the-column manual shifter without using the clutch. Front seat shoulder belts were also an early feature.{{citation needed|date = May 2017}}

Even more important to the company's fortunes was 1968's [[Engineering:Saab 99|Saab 99]]. The 99 was the first all-new Saab in 19 years and a clean break from the 92. The 99 had many innovations and features that would come to define Saabs for decades: wraparound windscreen, self-repairing bumpers, headlamp washers and side-impact door beams. The design by Sixten Sason was no less revolutionary than the underlying technology, and elements like the [[Engineering:Saab hockey stick|Saab hockey stick]] profile graphic continue to influence Saab's design language.{{citation needed|date = May 2017}}

===Saab-Scania (1969–1989)===
[[File:Saab 99 (20150511-DSC05049).JPG|thumb|The Saab 99 was launched in 1969 as an all-new design.]]

In 1969, Saab AB merged with the Swedish commercial vehicle manufacturer Scania-Vabis AB to form Saab-Scania AB, under the Wallenberg family umbrella.

The 99 range was expanded in 1973 with the addition of a combi coupe model, a body style which became synonymous with Saab. The millionth Saab automobile was produced in 1976.

Saab entered into an agreement with Fiat in 1978 to sell a rebadged [[Engineering:Lancia Delta|Lancia Delta]] as the Saab 600 and jointly develop a new platform. The agreement yielded 1985's [[Engineering:Saab 9000|Saab 9000]], sister to the [[Engineering:Alfa Romeo 164|Alfa Romeo 164]], [[Engineering:Fiat Croma|Fiat Croma]] and [[Engineering:Lancia Thema|Lancia Thema]]; all rode atop a common Type Four chassis. The 9000 was Saab's first proper luxury car but failed to achieve the planned sales volume.

1978 also was the first year for the 99's replacement: the [[Engineering:Saab 900|Saab 900]]. Nearly one million 900s would be produced, making it Saab's best-selling and most iconic model.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autoweek.com/article/20110513/CARNEWS/110519910 |title=Iconic Saab 900 convertible turns 25 |first=Michelle |last=Koueiter |work=Autoweek |date=13 May 2011 |access-date=3 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101100701/http://www.autoweek.com/article/20110513/CARNEWS/110519910 |archive-date=1 November 2012 }}</ref> A popular convertible version followed in 1986, all of which were made at the [[Company:Valmet Automotive|Saab-Valmet]] factory in {{wipe|Finland}}, making up nearly 20% of 900 sales. Even today, the "classic 900" retains a cult following.
{{clear}}

===General Motors and Investor AB (1989–2000)===
[[File:1st Gen Saab 9-5 Wagon 1.27.18.jpg|left|thumb|Saab 9-5]]
[[File:1992 SAAB 900S (37731253996).jpg|thumb|Saab 900]]

In 1989, the Saab car division of Saab-Scania was restructured into an independent company, Saab Automobile AB, headquartered in Sweden; [[Company:General Motors|General Motors]] and Investor AB controlled 50% each. GM's investment of US$600 million gave it the option to acquire the remaining shares within a decade. In the fall of 1989 Saab opened a {{ill|new factory|sv|Saab-fabriken i Malmö}} in Malmö. Located in the old Kockums shipyard, this was a novel kind of factory with extensive worker control and a focus on workers' comfort, an effort to increase productivity and retain skilled workers. With an annual capacity of 60,000 cars (to be increased to 90,000 cars by 1995), the factory began production at a time of shrinking sales and economic contraction and only built 10,176 cars in 1990 (the only full year of production).<ref name=TV0591.18>{{cite magazine | ref = CJ91 | title = Drömfabriken blev mardröm | trans-title = The dream factory became a nightmare | language = sv | magazine = Teknikens Värld | publisher = Specialtidningsförlaget AB | location = Stockholm, Sweden | page = 18 | date = 1991-03-07 | issue = 5 | volume = 43 | editor-first = Claes | editor-last = Johansson }}</ref> After a review by GM, the factory changed over to a standard [[Engineering:Assembly line|assembly line]] but was nonetheless shuttered in June 1991.

General Motors' involvement spurred the launch of a new 900 in 1994. The new car shared a platform with the [[Engineering:Opel Vectra|Opel Vectra]]. Due in large part to its success, Saab earned a profit in 1995 for the first time in seven years. However, the model never achieved the cult following of the "classic 900" and did not achieve the same reputation for quality.

1997 marked Saab's 50th anniversary as a car manufacturer. The company used its jubilee owners' convention to launch a replacement for the aging 9000: the [[Engineering:Saab 9-5|Saab 9-5]]. The 900 received a facelift and renaming complementary to its new larger sibling: it would now be called the [[Engineering:Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3]]. The 9-5 was the first Saab without a combi coupé body style option in 20 years. Filling that space was a wagon variant, introduced in 1999.
{{clear}}

===General Motors (2000–2010)===
[[File:2002 Saab 9-3 Aero 5-door hatchback (2012-09-01) 01.jpg|thumb|left|Saab 9-3 Evo]]

GM exercised its option to acquire the remaining Saab shares in 2000, spending US$125&nbsp;million to turn the company into a wholly owned subsidiary.

The new close relationship yielded its first product in 2003's all-new 9–3. The new model, marketed as a sport sedan, dropped Saab's iconic hatchback in favour of a more conventional four-door approach. The model shared a co-developed platform (GM's "global Epsilon 1 platform") and some other components with the Opel Vectra again, but the relationship was much more of a joint engineering effort than before.

Under GM's direction, the badge-engineered [[Engineering:Subaru Impreza (second generation)#Saab 9-2X|Saab 9-2X]] (based on the [[Engineering:Subaru Impreza|Subaru Impreza]]) and [[Engineering:Saab 9-7X|Saab 9-7X]] (based on the Chevrolet Trailblazer) were introduced in the American market in 2005 with the hope of increasing sales. Both models were a critical and commercial failure and were cancelled a few years after production began. GM also delayed the 9-3 wagon by three years, shelved a hatchback derivative of the 9-3 sedan, stalled plans for all-wheel-drive capabilities in Saab models until 2008, cancelled a 9–5 replacement in 2005, and announced a planned shift of production away from Saab's historic home in Trollhättan to [[Company:Opel|Opel]]'s factory in Rüsselsheim.

[[File:Saab 9-3 SportCombi II 1.9 TiD Facelift front 20100509.jpg|thumb|Saab 9-3 sport combi]]

Owing to fading fortunes across its entire business due to a slowing economy in 2007, GM announced that the Saab brand was "under review" in December 2008, a process which included the possibility of selling or shuttering the car maker.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.caradvice.com.au/20431/gm-struggles-to-sell-saab/|title=GM struggles to sell SAAB|date=9 January 2009|first=Matt|last=Brogan|website=www.caradvice.com.au|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805200922/https://www.caradvice.com.au/20431/gm-struggles-to-sell-saab/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As the talks progressed, GM's support receded, and Saab went into [[Finance:Administration (law)|administration]], the Swedish equivalent of America's Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Saab's managing director Jan-Åke Jonsson said that this was "the best way to create a truly independent entity that is ready for investment".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7901027.stm |title=Saab aims to survive without GM |work=BBC News |date=20 February 2009 |publisher=BBC |location=London |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=23 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223224433/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7901027.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> For its part, the Swedish government was reluctant to become involved, with Maud Olofsson, industry minister, stating: "The Swedish state and taxpayers in Sweden will not own car factories. Sometimes you get the impression that this is a small, small company but it is the world's biggest automaker so we have a right to make demands."<ref name="Times Online">{{Cite news|url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/article5757562.ece|title=Saab may go bust in 10 days, warns GM|access-date=18 February 2009|newspaper=The Times (Online)|location=London|first=Robin|last=Pagnamenta|date=18 February 2009|archive-date=12 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612111911/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/article5757562.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Saab Aero-X Concept Car (195993839).jpg|left|thumb|Saab Aero-X]]

On 16 June 2009, [[Company:Koenigsegg|Koenigsegg]] announced its intention to purchase the brand from GM.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8102432.stm |title=GM agrees Saab sale to Koenigsegg |work=BBC News |date=16 June 2009 |publisher=BBC |location=London |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903090218/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8102432.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> The bid was backed by a group of Norwegian investors and the Chinese car maker Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Co Ltd (BAIC). The following month, both parties announced that GM had consented to the deal. There were outstanding financial details, but a loan from the European Investment Bank was expected to cover them. The loan was approved in October, but on 24 November 2009, Koenigsegg announced that it had "come to the painful and difficult conclusion that it could no longer carry out the acquisition"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dn.se/ekonomi/forsaljningen-av-saab-avbryts-1.1001491 |first=Kent |last=Johansson |title=Saabaffären avbryts |trans-title=Saab deal is canceled |work=Dagens Nyheter |access-date=24 November 2009 |language=sv |archive-date=25 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125184250/http://www.dn.se/ekonomi/forsaljningen-av-saab-avbryts-1.1001491 |url-status=live }}</ref> much because of the constant delays and the difficulties coordinating the involved parties: GM, the European Investment Bank, the Swedish National Debt Office and BAIC.

[[File:2011 Saab 9-5 UWS.jpg|thumb|Second generation Saab 9-5]]

It was announced on 14 December 2009, that the Chinese car manufacturer would acquire the intellectual property rights and production equipment for the previous generation Saab 9-3 and Saab 9–5 in a deal worth about US$197 million, which was enough for the company to run for three months.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/14/business/global/14saab.html?_r=2&adxnnl=1&fta=y&adxnnlx=1264683735-klBHZSxkj3IFz79enPtTRQ |title=Chinese Company Seeks to Make Old Saab Models |access-date=28 January 2010 |newspaper=New York Times |first=Nelson D. |last=Schwartz |date=14 December 2009 |archive-date=1 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701090833/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/14/business/global/14saab.html?_r=2&adxnnl=1&fta=y&adxnnlx=1264683735-klBHZSxkj3IFz79enPtTRQ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.reuters.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE5BD2E920091214|title=BAIC paid $197 mln for Saab assets – paper|access-date=28 January 2010|work=Reuters|date=14 December 2009|archive-date=29 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729203850/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE5BD2E920091214|url-status=live}}</ref> BAIC expressed its intention to create a new brand around the purchased technology and admitted to the purchase of "three overall vehicle platforms, two engine technologies and two transmission systems."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTOE5BM00Z20091223?type=marketsNews |title=UPDATE 3-BAIC in overdrive to develop brand with Saab tech |work=Reuters |date=10 December 2009 |access-date=23 December 2009 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308153253/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTOE5BM00Z20091223?type=marketsNews |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following the collapse of talks with Koenigsegg, GM announced that the brand would be eliminated in 2010 if it failed to secure a buyer before the close of 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ef4cd388-df2f-11de-be8e-00144feab49a.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221211/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ef4cd388-df2f-11de-be8e-00144feab49a.html |archive-date=11 December 2022 |url-status=live |title=Dutch sports car maker in Saab talks |first1=John |last1=Reed |first2=Andrew |last2=Ward |newspaper=Financial Times |date=3 December 2009 |access-date=21 February 2015 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> As talks with several firms failed, including the Netherlands-based boutique sports car maker Spyker, GM formally announced its intention to wind down the Saab brand.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8421007.stm |title=GM to 'wind down' Saab business |work=BBC News |date=18 December 2009 |access-date=18 December 2009 |archive-date=19 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091219052551/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8421007.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Undeterred, a new offer round materialised. Earlier bidders Spyker and Merbanco revised their offers and were joined by a submission from Luxembourg-based Genii Capital, which boasted the support of F1 chief Bernie Ecclestone.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8447365.stm |title=Bernie Ecclestone joins bid to buy Saab |work=BBC News |date=8 January 2010 |publisher=BBC |location=London |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903090218/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8447365.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> GM continued accepting bids until a self-imposed deadline of 7 January 2010. Acknowledging that the chances of reaching a deal with any party were very slim, they pledged to evaluate each offer with due diligence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://autoweek.com/article/car-news/spyker-makes-new-offer-saab-general-motors-will-evaluate |title=Spyker makes a new offer for Saab; General Motors will evaluate |first=Paul |last=McVeigh |work=Autoweek |date=19 December 2009 |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=22 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222003406/http://autoweek.com/article/car-news/spyker-makes-new-offer-saab-general-motors-will-evaluate |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSAT00829120100108|title=Saab wind-up begins, GM still reviewing bids|access-date=9 January 2010|work=Reuters|date=8 January 2010|archive-date=25 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525012828/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSAT00829120100108|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Spyker/Swedish Automobile (2010–2011)===
{{Further|Finance:Saab Automobile bankruptcy}}

====2010 – purchase of Saab====
On 26 January, General Motors (GM) confirmed it had agreed to sell Saab to [[Company:Spyker N.V.|Spyker N.V.]]<ref>{{cite news |place=UK |url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/News/NewsArticle/AllCars/246896/ |title=Saab sale – full details |work=Autocar |date=26 January 2010 |access-date=15 April 2017 |archive-date=1 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201051321/http://www.autocar.co.uk/News/NewsArticle/AllCars/246896/ |url-status=live }}</ref> subject to regulatory and government approval; the sale was completed on 23 February 2010.<ref>{{cite press release |url = http://www.saabsunited.com/2010/02/spyker-cars-finalizes-the-purchase-of-saab.html |title = Spyker Cars finalizes the purchase of Saab |work = Saabs United |date = 24 February 2010 |access-date = 15 April 2017 |archive-date = 16 April 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170416045349/https://www.saabsunited.com/2010/02/spyker-cars-finalizes-the-purchase-of-saab.html |url-status = live }}</ref> General Motors would continue to supply Saab with engines and transmissions, and also completed vehicles in the shape of the new Saab 9-4x from GM's Mexican factory. The deal included a loan from the European Investment Bank, guaranteed by the Swedish government. It comprised US$74m in cash up front, payable to GM by July 2010, and shares in Spyker to the tune of US$320m.

====2011 – bankruptcy====
On 25 February, Spyker Cars N.V. announced that it had agreed to sell the sports car arm to focus on Saab. Spyker intended to change its name, in May, to include the Saab name.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kinnander|first=Ola|title=Spyker to Sell Sports-Car Unit to Vladimir Antonov to Focus on Saab Brand|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-24/spyker-agrees-to-sell-sports-car-unit-to-vladimir-antonov-to-reduce-debt.html|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=8 March 2011|date=24 February 2011|archive-date=27 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227070411/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-24/spyker-agrees-to-sell-sports-car-unit-to-vladimir-antonov-to-reduce-debt.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In early 2011, Saab began to run out of money, and Spyker were not able to cover the losses. Both companies stopped paying bills, and on 30 March several suppliers refused further deliveries to Saab's factory in Trollhättan. Initially Spyker CEO Victor Muller blamed the media for the problems, and claimed that Saab had no problems with funding.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/saab-nacka_6063513.svd |title=Muller: 'Saab lever i ett glashus' |trans-title=Muller: "Saab lives in a glass house" |first=Leif |last=Petersen |work=SvD Näringsliv |date=4 April 2011 |access-date=21 February 2015 |language=sv |archive-date=31 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231105235/http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/saab-nacka_6063513.svd |url-status=live }}</ref> On 5 April all production was halted at Saab's plant in Trollhättan.

Spyker CEO Victor Muller tried to obtain funding from several different sources. On 30 March his former sponsor, Russian banker Vladimir Antonov, applied to Swedish authorities, the EIB and General Motors for permission to become a shareholder in Saab. His request was denied by the EIB, citing concerns about his business practices.

On 3 May, a joint venture between Saab and Chinese carmaker [[Company:Hawtai|Hawtai]] was announced. This deal quickly unraveled and on 12 May Hawtai walked away from Saab.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/saab-avtal-skrotas_6158719.svd |title=Saab-avtal med Hawtai skrotas |trans-title=Saab agreement with Hawtai scrapped |first=Carolina |last=Neurath |work=SvD Näringsliv |date=12 May 2011 |access-date=21 February 2015 |language=sv |archive-date=31 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231103707/http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/saab-avtal-skrotas_6158719.svd |url-status=live }}</ref>

Plans for a new joint venture with Chinese carmaker [[Company:Youngman|Youngman]] and Chinese automotive retailer Pang Da followed shortly. After months of negotiations the companies agreed to a joint US$140&nbsp;million takeover of Saab Automobile and its UK dealer network unit from Swedish Automobile, with Youngman and Pang Da taking 60 and 40&nbsp;percent stakes respectively.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/29/business/global/chinese-carmakers-to-buy-saab-pulling-it-back-from-the-brink.html|title=Saab Sputters On, Saved by 2 Chinese Automakers|access-date=29 October 2011|work=The New York Times|date=28 October 2011|first=David|last=Jolly|archive-date=29 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029015834/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/29/business/global/chinese-carmakers-to-buy-saab-pulling-it-back-from-the-brink.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saab-idUSTRE79R1MZ20111028 |title= Sweden's Saab heads for Chinese owners after rescue bid |access-date= 29 October 2011 |publisher= Reuters |date= 28 October 2011 |archive-date= 28 October 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111028204436/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/28/us-saab-idUSTRE79R1MZ20111028 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-15490773 |title= Saab chief Victor Muller reflects on sale of car maker |access-date= 29 October 2011 |publisher= BBC |work= News |date= 28 October 2011 |archive-date= 3 September 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230903090220/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-15490773 |url-status= live }}</ref>

On 6 December, GM announced that it would not continue its licenses to GM patents and technology to Saab if the company was sold to Pang Da and Zhejiang Youngman, stating that the new owner's use of the technology is not in the best interest of GM investors. Because of this, Saab started working on a new proposal which would not change the original ownership structure and would not include a Chinese partner as an owner of the company, but instead as a 50% owner of a new daughter company.

On 19 December 2011, with no alternatives left after GM continued to block any form of involvement with a Chinese partner, Saab officially filed for bankruptcy after a three-year fight for survival. Under Sweden's bankruptcy laws, a party that files for bankruptcy can be bought out of bankruptcy.

On 16 April 2012, a meeting on Saab's bankruptcy was held at the District Court of Vänersborg.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.konkursboet.se/ |title=Saab bankruptcy site |work=Konkursboet |date=December 2011 |access-date=13 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422092741/http://en.konkursboet.se/ |archive-date=22 April 2012 }}</ref> The official receivers in charge of the Saab liquidation valued the assets at US$500m and the debt at US$2,000m. After subtracting the value of the assets, Saab leaves a debt of US$1,500m.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303772904577335704135209644 |title=Saab Auto Left $2 Billion in Debts |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=April 2012 |access-date=27 April 2012 |first=Christina |last=Zander |archive-date=30 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130083425/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303772904577335704135209644 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====2012 – US$3 billion damages claim====
On 6 August 2012, Spyker, represented by the law firm Patton Boggs, filed a lawsuit against General Motors in the United States District Court of the Eastern District of Michigan claiming US$3&nbsp;billion in damages for the actions GM took in the fall of 2011 to stop the various proposed deals between Spyker and [[Company:Youngman|Youngman]] concerning Saab Automobile where Youngman claimed to be ready to invest several billion dollars in Saab Automobile to guarantee its future. More precisely, under the Automotive Technology License Agreement (ATLA) between GM Global Technology Operations Inc (GTO) and Saab, GM refused licensing of the platforms and technology in Saab cars if any Chinese party were to be involved in Saab's ownership structure.

To solve this issue, Spyker and Youngman came up with a deal where Youngman would provide Saab with a loan of €200 million which would be converted into an equity interest in Saab only after Saab ceased using GM technology in its vehicles. Despite this, GM maintained that it would still refuse licensing of platforms and technology needed for production of Saab cars in Trollhättan and also threatened to cease 9-4X production at GM's plant in Mexico, should the deal go through.

Consequently, the deal finally collapsed and Saab was forced to file for bankruptcy. According to Spyker, the actions taken by GM were not legal. Since Saab had been in receivership since the bankruptcy, and would be until the deal with Nevs was closed, Spyker and the receivers of Saab Automobile had entered into an agreement where Spyker would bear the costs of the litigation in exchange for 90% of the claim if the case is successful.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hugin.info/ |title=Complaint: Saab Automobile AB & Spyker N.V. v. General Motors Company |work=Patton Boggs LLP |date=6 August 2012 |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=23 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223170553/http://hugin.info/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spykercars.nl/?pag=50&jaar=&nid=692 |title=Spykercars |work=Spyker N.V. |year=2015 |access-date=20 October 2012 |archive-date=15 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015122857/http://www.spykercars.nl/?pag=50&jaar=&nid=692 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autonews.com/article/20120806/OEM/120809929/gm-sued-by-saabs-parent-company-for-blocking-reorganization?CSAuthResp=1%3A1873565060264294%3A423310%3A17%3A24%3Aapproved%3AAB97FAD06FC4A626A16CB8457CEB1B5F&= |title=GM sued by Saab's parent company for blocking reorganization |work=Autonews |date=6 August 2012 |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214824/http://www.autonews.com/article/20120806/OEM/120809929/gm-sued-by-saabs-parent-company-for-blocking-reorganization?CSAuthResp=1:1873565060264294:423310:17:24:approved:AB97FAD06FC4A626A16CB8457CEB1B5F&= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first= Valdemar |last= Lönnroth |url= http://ttela.se/ekonomi/saab/1.1723212-spyker-stammer-gm-pa-20-miljarder-kronor |title= Spyker stämmer GM på 20 miljarder kronor |language= sv |publisher= TTELA |access-date= 20 October 2012 |archive-date= 8 August 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120808111532/http://ttela.se/ekonomi/saab/1.1723212-spyker-stammer-gm-pa-20-miljarder-kronor |url-status= dead }}</ref>

====2013 – claim dismissed ====
In June 2013, the district court dismissed the lawsuit, ruling that General Motors was within its rights to block the sale.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20130610/OEM/130619985/saab-parents-3-billion-lawsuit-versus-gm-thrown-out-by-u-s-judge#axzz2VvNFiUSV |title=Saab parent's $3 billion lawsuit versus GM thrown out by U.S. judge |work=Autonews |date=10 June 2013 |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903090228/https://www.autonews.com/article/20130610/OEM/130619985/saab-parent-s-3-billion-lawsuit-versus-gm-thrown-out-by-u-s-judge#axzz2VvNFiUSV |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2014, the circuit court of appeals upheld the dismissal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/news/passenger-vehicle/cars/u-s-appeals-court-rules-for-gm-over-spykers-saab-sale/articleshow/44931042.cms |title=U.S. appeals court rules for GM over Spyker's Saab sale |agency=Reuters |work=The Economic Times |date=25 October 2014 |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=26 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126012549/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/news/passenger-vehicle/cars/u-s-appeals-court-rules-for-gm-over-spykers-saab-sale/articleshow/44931042.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

===National Electric Vehicle Sweden (2012–2014)===
[[File:Saab 9-3 Aero MY14 02.jpg|thumbnail|Saab 9-3 Aero Sedan MY14 in silver colour]]

On 13 June 2012, a press conference was held announcing that the main assets of Saab Automobile AB and its subsidiaries Saab Automobile Powertrain AB and Saab Automobile Tools AB as well as the Saab factory had been acquired by a Chinese consortium called National Electric Vehicle Sweden (NEVS).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.konkursboet.se/file/120613-national-electric-vehicle-sweden-ab-forvarvar-huvuddelen.pdf |title=Pressmeddelande: National Electric Vehicle Sweden AB förvärvar huvuddelen av tillgångarna i Saab Automobile |trans-title=Press Release: National Electric Vehicle Sweden AB acquires the majority of the assets of Saab Automobile |work=Konkursboet |date=13 June 2012 |access-date=21 February 2015 |language=sv |archive-date=26 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026120553/http://www.konkursboet.se/file/120613-national-electric-vehicle-sweden-ab-forvarvar-huvuddelen.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Saab Automobile Parts AB was excluded in the deal and the Swedish National Debt Office would continue as an owner of that company.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saab.com/sv-se/sweden/the-company/news/latest-news/news-column/2012-06/parts-ab-continues-as-an-independent-company/ |title=Parts AB continues as an independent company |work=Saab.com |date=13 June 2012 |access-date=20 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821034327/http://www.saab.com/sv-se/sweden/the-company/news/latest-news/news-column/2012-06/parts-ab-continues-as-an-independent-company/ |archive-date=21 August 2012 }}</ref> NEVS' plan was to build only purely electric vehicles with an electric version of the current [[Engineering:Saab 9-3#Second generation (2003–2014)|9-3]] model available in 2013/2014, as well as to continue development of the replacement to the 9–3, the [[Engineering:Saab PhoeniX|PhoeniX]]. GM continued to refuse licensing of the technology in the Saab 9-5 and 9-4X, so these models would not be produced. The rights to use the Saab trademark had not yet been granted by Saab AB and [[Company:Scania AB|Scania AB]] and negotiations on that matter continued.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dn.se/ekonomi/kopet-av-saab-klart/ |title=Köpet av Saab klart |trans-title=Purchase of Saab clear |newspaper=Dagens Nyheter |date=13 June 2012 |access-date=21 February 2015 |language=sv |archive-date=15 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815092852/http://www.dn.se/ekonomi/kopet-av-saab-klart/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ttela.se/ekonomi/saab/1.1663891-forhandlingar-om-varumarket |title=Förhandlingar om varumärket – Saab |trans-title=Negotiations for the brand – Saab |work=TTELA |date=14 June 2012 |access-date=21 February 2015 |language=sv |archive-date=17 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217231710/http://ttela.se/ekonomi/saab/1.1663891-forhandlingar-om-varumarket |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 26 August 2012, [[Company:Scania AB|Scania AB]] let the Swedish press know that the griffin logo used in both Scania's and Saab Automobile's trademark would not be allowed for use on future Saab cars with NEVS as the owner of Saab Automobile. Scania believed the logo is of high value in China and feared that it would end up in the wrong hands through the Chinese interests behind NEVS.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/branscher/industri-och-fordon/scania-stoppar-varumarkesanvandning_7426266.svd |title=Ingen Gripen-symbol för Saabs nya ägare |trans-title=No griffin symbol for Saab's new owners |first=Peter |last=Alestig |work=SvD Näringsliv |date=16 August 2012 |access-date=21 February 2015 |language=sv |archive-date=26 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026122930/http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/branscher/industri-och-fordon/scania-stoppar-varumarkesanvandning_7426266.svd |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 3 September 2012, NEVS announced that it had finalised the acquisition of Saab Automobiles assets. NEVS would be able to use the name Saab on future cars but not the griffin logo. Production of the 9-3 would initially focus on a turbo-charged petrol variant, but an electric version – initially aimed at the Chinese market – would start production in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saabcars.com/en/news/news-column/2012/nevs-ab-has-finalized-acquisition-of-the-saab-automobile-bankruptcy-estates/ |title=National Electric Vehicle Sweden AB has finalized acquisition of the Saab Automobile bankruptcy estates |work=National Electric Vehicle Sweden AB |date=3 September 2012 |access-date=21 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222003214/http://www.saabcars.com/en/news/news-column/2012/nevs-ab-has-finalized-acquisition-of-the-saab-automobile-bankruptcy-estates/ |archive-date=22 February 2015 }}</ref>

On 8 January 2013, NEVS announced a deal with Qingdao Qingbo Investment Co. Ltd, for a 22% stake in the company. In return, NEVS/Saab would receive SEK 2bn, along with a production facility for models sold in China. Cars sold in North America and most of Europe would continue to be made in Trollhättan, Sweden. The possibility of using Fiat/Chrysler sourced drive train components for non- electric models was also being examined.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saabcars.com/en/news/news-column/2013-01/qingdao-to-become-nevs-strategic-gateway-to-china-for-saab-cars/ |title=Qingdao to become NEVS' strategic gateway to China for Saab cars |work=National Electric Vehicle Sweden AB |date=8 January 2013 |access-date=21 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222004605/http://www.saabcars.com/en/news/news-column/2013-01/qingdao-to-become-nevs-strategic-gateway-to-china-for-saab-cars/ |archive-date=22 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saabsunited.com/2013/01/the-base-is-trollhattan-karl-erling-trogen-on-p4-vast.html |title="The base is Trollhättan" – Karl-Erling Trogen on P4 Väst |work=Saabsunited.com |date=8 January 2013 |access-date=8 January 2013 |archive-date=12 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112002056/http://www.saabsunited.com/2013/01/the-base-is-trollhattan-karl-erling-trogen-on-p4-vast.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 12 August 2013, the Saab plant at Trollhättan reopened its doors to welcome back employees for preparations and restructuring of the production line. Production of the existing 9–3 would commence shortly with a new electric motor, while Saab finished the preparations for the new 9-3 Phoenix.

On 19 September 2013, the first Saab-branded vehicle produced by NEVS rolled off of the assembly line. The first pre-production model was mostly aesthetically identical to the previous Saab 9-3 and mainly used to test new components and assembly line equipment. NEVS announced a facelift of the exterior to be shown on a finalised production model. On 29 November 2013 NEVS announced that full-scale production would commence on 2 December 2013, having replaced the 20 percent of parts originally sourced from former Saab owner General Motors.<ref>{{cite news |title=Saab will resume series production of the 9-3 sedan on Monday |url=http://europe.autonews.com/article/20131129/ANE/131129860/saab-to-restart-9-3-production-monday?cciid=email-ane-daily&r=5991B8337578H2Y#axzz2m2wXDllK |newspaper=Automotive News Europe |date=29 November 2013 |access-date=29 November 2013 |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903090753/https://europe.autonews.com/article/20131129/ANE/131129860/saab-to-restart-9-3-production-two-years-after-bankruptcy#axzz2m2wXDllK |url-status=live }}</ref>

Production of the petrol version of the Saab 9-3 resumed in December 2013,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://consumerist.com/2013/12/03/saab-rises-from-the-dead-sort-of/ |title=Saab Rises From The Dead… Sort Of |first=Chris |last=Morran |work=consumerist.com |date=3 December 2013 |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-date=1 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501024845/http://consumerist.com/2013/12/03/saab-rises-from-the-dead-sort-of/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on 10 December 2013 NEVS started selling their Saab 9-3 Aero to Swedish customers directly from their homepage,<ref>{{cite web |first=Mattias |last=Rabe |url=http://www.teknikensvarld.se/2013/12/11/44964/15-nya-saab-9-3-bestalldes-forsta-dagen/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140309142810/http://www.teknikensvarld.se/2013/12/11/44964/15-nya-saab-9-3-bestalldes-forsta-dagen/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 March 2014 |title=15 nya Saab 9-3 beställdes första dagen |trans-title=15 new Saab 9-3 were ordered on the first day |work=Teknikens Värld |date=11 December 2013 |access-date=27 June 2014 |language=sv }}</ref> but on 20 May 2014 NEVS announced that production had been stopped, 100 consultants had had to be laid off and 53 blue-collar and 19 white-collar workers had been given notice that their contracts would not be prolonged after the summer. According to NEVS, this was due to Qingdao Qingbo Investment Co Ltd not fulfilling their commitment to finance NEVS operations which had forced NEVS main owner Kai Johan Jiang to fund operations for several months through private funds as well as through assets in NEVS parent company National Modern Energy Holdings Ltd.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saabcars.com/sv/news/F29115F4FC10E67A |title=Statusuppdatering från Nevs |trans-title=Status update from Nevs |work=National Electric Vehicle Sweden AB |date=30 May 2013 |access-date=27 June 2014 |language=sv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714170122/http://www.saabcars.com/sv/news/F29115F4FC10E67A |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saabsunited.com/2014/05/situation-analysis.html |title=Situation analysis regarding NEVS financial difficulties |work=Saabsunited |date=21 May 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715070436/http://www.saabsunited.com/2014/05/situation-analysis.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saabsunited.com/2014/05/reduction-of-workers-at-saab-cars-in-trollhattan.html |title=Reduction of workers at Saab Cars in Trollhättan |work=Saabsunited |date=27 May 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701091351/http://www.saabsunited.com/2014/05/reduction-of-workers-at-saab-cars-in-trollhattan.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Victor |last=Jensen |url=http://sverigesradio.se/sida/gruppsida.aspx?programid=125&grupp=12994&artikel=5876108 |title=Nevs förhandlingar går framåt |trans-title=Nevs negotiations moving forward |work=Sveriges Radio |date=29 May 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |language=sv |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714123312/http://sverigesradio.se/sida/gruppsida.aspx?programid=125&grupp=12994&artikel=5876108 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 27 May 2014, NEVS communication officer Mikael Östlund confirmed through a video interview that NEVS was in talks with two large automobile companies regarding funding of operations and co-development of the Phoenix platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ds5_pisqYaw |title=Interview with Mikael Östlund |work=YouTube |date=27 May 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref>

On 9 June 2014, Swedish media reported that a number of companies had filed debts from NEVS at the National Enforcement Agency in Sweden for a total sum of 10.4 million SEK.<ref>{{cite news |first=Maria |last=Carling |url=http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/nevs-klarar-inte-betalningar-till-underleverantorer_3642432.svd |title=NEVS klarar inte betalningar till underleverantörer |trans-title=NEVS can not handle payments to subcontractors |newspaper=Svenska Dagbladet |date=9 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |language=sv |archive-date=12 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612003729/http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/nevs-klarar-inte-betalningar-till-underleverantorer_3642432.svd |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 28 August 2014, NEVS itself filed for bankruptcy protection.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/saab-autos-chinese-backed-owner-goes-bust-1409212885?tesla=y&mg=reno64-wsj&url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203937904580119102887304246 |title=Saab Auto's Chinese-Backed Owner Goes Bust |first=Christina |last=Zander |work={{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}} |year=2014 |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806193046/https://www.wsj.com/articles/saab-autos-chinese-backed-owner-goes-bust-1409212885?tesla=y&mg=reno64-wsj&url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203937904580119102887304246 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 29 August 2014, Saab AB announced it was cancelling the licensing agreement that allows NEVS to use the Saab name. NEVS' financial problems were cited as the reason.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://europe.autonews.com/article/20140829/ANE/140829863/saab-carmaker-nevs-granted-creditor-protection-by-court?CSAuthResp=1%3A773565056475349%3A423310%3A17%3A24%3Aapproved%3AE983C2974E924A47485621D7889F5E44&= |title=Saab carmaker NEVS granted creditor protection by court but loses right to use Saab name |agency=Reuters |work=Automotive News Europe |date=29 August 2014 |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235450/http://europe.autonews.com/article/20140829/ANE/140829863/saab-carmaker-nevs-granted-creditor-protection-by-court?CSAuthResp=1:773565056475349:423310:17:24:approved:E983C2974E924A47485621D7889F5E44&= |url-status=live }}</ref> A spokesman for NEVS said that the company expects to renegotiate the agreement after a solution to the company's financial problems is reached.

By June 2015, NEVS had acquired two new Chinese partners, an IT company and a development authority for the city of Tianjin.  Both state-owned. In late June, NEVS began construction of a factory in Tianjin, with the goal of manufacturing electric cars for the Chinese market. As of this point, NEVS has not re-acquired the rights to the Saab name, and it is developing a new brand for the Chinese market. There was no indication that restarting production at the plant in Trollhättan, Sweden was planned.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jnylander/2015/06/29/saab-owner-to-build-400-million-electric-car-factory-in-china/?linkId=15202719| title=Saab Owner To Build $400 Million Electric Car Factory In China| website={{wipe|Forbes}}| date=29 June 2015| access-date=11 September 2017| archive-date=7 August 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807042251/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jnylander/2015/06/29/saab-owner-to-build-400-million-electric-car-factory-in-china/?linkId=15202719| url-status=live}}</ref>

On 21 June 2016, NEVS announced they will no longer use the Saab trademark, instead using their company name on its car, which will still be based on the Saab 9-3 platform.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myautoworld.com/autonews/30647|title=NEVS Launches New Trademark - myAutoWorld.com|date=21 June 2016|website=myAutoWorld.com|language=en-US|access-date=21 June 2016|archive-date=11 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811171428/http://myautoworld.com/autonews/30647|url-status=live}}</ref> The first NEVS car went into production in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://electrek.co/2018/04/11/didi-massive-electric-car-nevs/|title=Didi reportedly pulls out of massive electric car order with NEVS|last=Lambert|first=Frederic|date=11 April 2018|work=[[Social:Electrek|Electrek]]|access-date=30 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=30 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161802/https://electrek.co/2018/04/11/didi-massive-electric-car-nevs/|url-status=live}}</ref>

NEVS was closed in March 2023, with the company going into "Hibernation Mode" to avoid bankruptcy. This essentially liquidated the company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gauthier |first=Michael |date=12 March 2023 |title=Saab’s Ghost Comes Back To Haunt Once Again As NEVS Goes Into "Hibernation Mode" |url=https://www.carscoops.com/2023/03/saabs-ghost-comes-back-to-haunt-once-again-as-nevs-goes-into-hibernation-mode/ |url-status=live |website=Carscoops.com |access-date=11 June 2023 |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423184011/https://www.carscoops.com/2023/03/saabs-ghost-comes-back-to-haunt-once-again-as-nevs-goes-into-hibernation-mode/ }}</ref>

==Production==
[[File:Saab Automobile-Trollhattan.jpg|thumb|right|Saab's main production facilities in Trollhättan ]]

Saab's total world production in 2008 was 89,143 Saab vehicles produced in five countries (Sweden, Austria, United States, Mexico and Germany).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Elg |first=Per-Börje |title=Saab – alla bilarna 1947–2012 |publisher=www.saabcarmuseum.com |year=2022 |isbn=978-91-527-1620-5 |location=Trollhättan |pages=143 |language=Swedish}}</ref> Production declined sharply in 2009, as new owners struggled to deal with the company's mounting financial problems.  Production was suspended until late 2013, when the new ownership launched a limited run of 2014 model year 9-3 sedans.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Production volumes''' <ref>{{Cite book |last=Elg |first=Per-Börje |title=Saab – alla bilarna 1947–2012 |publisher=www.saabcarmuseum.com |year=2022 |isbn=978-91-527-1620-5 |location=Trollhättan |pages=140–141 |language=Swedish}}</ref>
! Year || Volume
|-
| 2014 || 380 (NEVS)
|-
| 2013 || 71 (NEVS)
|-
| 2012 || 0
|-
| 2011 || 127,738
|-
| 2010 || 32,183
|-
| 2009 || 20,821
|-
| 2008<ref name=2008prod>{{cite web | url = https://www.saabsunited.com/2009/03/saab-company-snapshot-2009.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222094105/https://www.saabsunited.com/2009/03/saab-company-snapshot-2009.html | archive-date = 2015-12-22 | title = Saab Company Snapshot 2009 | work = Saabs United | date = 2009-03-05 }}</ref> || 90,281 (including 1,195 Cadillac BLS produced in Trollhättan)
|-
| 2007 || 125,397 (including 2,772 Cadillac BLS produced in Trollhättan)
|-
| 2006 || 135,365 (including 3,266 Cadillac BLS produced in Trollhättan)
|-
| 2005 || 127,593 (including 123 Cadillac BLS produced in Trollhättan)
|-
| 2004 || 128,827
|-
| 2003 || 130,034
|-
| 2002 || 124,892
|-
| 2001 || 123,755
|-
| 2000 || 133,013
|-
| 1999 || 127,850
|-
| 1998 || 124,868
|-
| 1997 || 105,114
|-
| 1996 || 95,761
|-
| 1995 || 97,307
|-
| 1994 || 94,084
|-
| 1993 || 70,961
|-
| 1992 || 84,569
|-
| 1991 || 80,366
|-
| 1990 || 87,356
|-
| 1989 || 103,591
|-
| 1988 || 120,562
|-
| 1987 || 134,112
|-
| 1986 || 126,401
|-
| 1985 || 111,813
|-
| 1984 || 102,018
|-
| 1983 || 96,012
|-
| 1982 || 83,557
|-
| 1981 || 66,392
|-
| 1980 || 65,754
|-
| 1979 || 83,758
|-
| 1978 || 72,516
|-
| 1977 || 76,498
|-
| 1976 || 95,927
|-
| 1975 || 90,793
|-
| 1974 || 92,554
|-
| 1973 || 89,467
|-
| 1972 || 83,997
|-
| 1971 || 72,960
|-
| 1970 || 73,982
|-
| 1969 || 61,711
|-
| 1968 || 52,551
|-
| 1967 || 45,325
|-
| 1966 || 37,069
|-
| 1965 || 48,517
|-
| 1964 || 43,493
|-
| 1963 || 40,374
|-
| 1962 || 35,890
|-
| 1961 || 33,040
|-
| 1960 || 26,066
|-
| 1959 || 17,836
|-
| 1958 || 13,968
|-
| 1957 || 9,852
|-
| 1956 || 6,321
|-
| 1955 || 5,620
|-
| 1954 || 5,138
|-
| 1953 || 3,424
|-
| 1952 || 2,298
|-
| 1951 || 2,179
|-
| 1950 || 1,246
|-
| 1949 || 20
|-
| 1948 || 1
|-
| 1947 || 2
|-
| 1946 || 1
|}

Saab manufactured various models at the [[Company:Valmet Automotive|Valmet Automotive]] plant in Uusikaupunki, Finland, between 1969 and 2003, in a joint venture established in 1968 together with Valmet. After 2003 Saab did not manufacture any cars in Finland, as the production of the ''9-3 convertible'' then moved to [[Place:Graz|Graz]], Austria. In 2010 production of the 9-3 convertible was moved again to Trollhättan. This marked the first time that Trollhättan manufactured the 9-3 convertible.

==Models==
A common feature of Saab car types was the use of the number ''9'' in the model numbers. The final models were the [[Engineering:Saab 9-3|9-3]] and [[Engineering:Saab 9-5|9-5]], both of which were manufactured in Trollhättan, Sweden. Until 2008, the [[Engineering:Saab 9-7X|9-7X]] was manufactured by GM along with the Chevrolet Trailblazer and its platform-mates. The exception to this naming rule is the Saab-Lancia 600, which was a re-badged [[Engineering:Lancia Delta|Lancia Delta]].

In December 2013, Nevs announced that the [[Engineering:Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3]] sedan was back in regular production, with [[Engineering:Convertible|convertible]], [[Engineering:Station wagon|station wagon]], and [[Engineering:Electric car|electric]] models to follow in the next year. Production stopped in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rising|first=Malin|title=Saab is back: First cars produced under new owners|url=https://news.yahoo.com/saab-back-first-cars-produced-under-owners-131915477--finance.html|access-date=25 December 2013|newspaper=Associated Press|date=2 December 2013|archive-date=26 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226100156/http://news.yahoo.com/saab-back-first-cars-produced-under-owners-131915477--finance.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Cancelled models===
* [[Engineering:Saab 98|Saab 98]], combi-coupé version of the [[Engineering:Saab 96|Saab 96]]
* all-terrain vehicle based on the [[Engineering:Saab Sonett|Saab Sonett]] II chassis
* Saab 9-3 electric model 
* Saab 9-3 convertible 
* Saab 9-3 station wagon 
* Saab 9-3 third generation, based on the [[Engineering:Saab PhoeniX|PhoeniX platform]]
* [[Engineering:Saab 9-3|Unnamed Saab 9-3 replacement]], production had been planned for October 2012
* [[Engineering:Saab 9-2|Saab 9-2]], inspired by the classic [[Engineering:Saab 92|Saab 92]]. Production had been planned for 2014.

===Historical models===
[[File:SAAB Sonett I.jpg|thumb|right|1956 [[Engineering:Saab Sonett|Saab Sonett I]]]]
[[File:1975-SAAB96.jpg|thumb|right|1975 Saab 96]]
[[File:Ng900secabrio.jpg|thumb|right|1995 Saab 900SE NG convertible]]
* Saab 92 and descendants:
** [[Engineering:Saab 92|Saab 92]] (1949–1956)
** [[Engineering:Saab 93|Saab 93]] (1955–1960)
*** [[Engineering:Saab GT750|Saab GT750]] (1958–1960)
** Saab 94 Sonett I (1956)
** [[Engineering:Saab 95|Saab 95]] estate (1959–1978)
*** [[Engineering:Saab 95|Saab 95]] [[Engineering:Saab two-stroke|3 cylinder two-stroke]] (1960–1967)
*** [[Engineering:Saab 95|Saab 95]] V4 (1967–1980)
** [[Engineering:Saab 96|Saab 96]] (1960–1980)
*** [[Engineering:Saab 96|Saab 96]] 3 cylinder two-stroke (1960–1968)
*** [[Engineering:Saab Sport|Saab Sport]] 3 cylinder two-stroke (1962–1966)
*** [[Engineering:Saab Sport|Saab Monte Carlo 850]] 3 cylinder two-stroke (1966–1967)
*** [[Engineering:Saab 96|Saab 96]] V4 (1967–1980)
*** [[Engineering:Saab Sport|Saab Monte Carlo V4]] V4 (1967–1968)
** Saab 97
*** Sonett II (1966–1970)
*** Sonett III (1970–1974)
* [[Engineering:Saab Formula Junior|Saab Formula Junior]] single seat racing car (1960)
* SaabO caravan/camper/travel trailer (1964–1968)
* Saab 99 and descendants:
** [[Engineering:Saab 99|Saab 99]] (1968–1984)
** [[Engineering:Saab 900|Saab 900]] "Classic" (1979–1994)
** [[Engineering:Saab 90|Saab 90]] (1984–1987)
* Saab 600 (1985–1988)
* [[Engineering:Saab 9000|Saab 9000]] (1985–1998)
* Saab 900 "New Generation" (1994–1998)
* [[Engineering:Saab 9-3#First generation (1998–2003)|Saab 9-3 first generation]] (1998–2002)
* [[Engineering:Subaru Impreza (second generation)#Saab 9-2X|Saab 9-2X]] (2005–2006)
* [[Engineering:Saab 9-7X|Saab 9-7X]] (2005–2009)
* [[Engineering:Saab 9-5#First generation (YS3E, 1997–2010)|Saab 9-5 first generation]] (1997–2009)
* [[Engineering:Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3 SportSedan]] (2003–2011) second generation
* [[Engineering:Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3 Convertible]] (2004–2011), (2012 by ANA)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saabsunited.com/2012/02/the-last-saab-to-be-built.html |title=The last Saabs have been built… *updated! |work=SaabsUnited.com |date=22 February 2012 |access-date=8 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228031103/http://www.saabsunited.com/2012/02/the-last-saab-to-be-built.html |archive-date=28 February 2012 }}</ref> second generation
* [[Engineering:Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3 SportCombi]] (2006–2011) second generation
* Saab 9-3X (2009–2011)
* [[Engineering:Saab 9-5|Saab 9-5]] (2010–2011) second generation
* [[Engineering:Saab 9-4X|Saab 9-4X]] (June 2011 – December 2011)
* [[Engineering:Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3]] compact executive car (second generation) (2002–2011, 2013–2014)

===Concepts and prototypes===
* Saab 92 line:
** Saab 92001 or Ursaab: The prototype for the first Saab production car (1946)
** [[Engineering:Saab Monster|Saab Monster]] (1959)
** Saab 60 (1962)
** [[Engineering:Saab Quantum|Saab Quantum]] (1962)
** [[Engineering:Saab Catherina|Saab Catherina]] (1964)
** [[Engineering:Saab MFI13|Saab MFI13]] (1965)
** [[Engineering:Saab Toad|Saab Toad]] (1966)
** [[Engineering:Saab 98|Saab 98]] (1974)
* [[Engineering:Saab EV-1|Saab EV-1]] (1985)
* Saab 900 line:
** Saab Viking (1982)
* Saab 9000 line:
** [[Engineering:Saab 9000#Convertible (prototype)|Saab 9000 Cabriolet]]
** Saab Prometheus: A 9000 fitted with a joystick instead of a steering wheel (1993)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/motoring/motoring-will-the-joystick-take-the-joy-out-of-driving-roger-bell-surveys-an-initiative-designed-to-take-motoring-into-the-21st-century-1482588.html |title=Will the Joystick Take the Joy Out of Driving? Roger Bell Surveys an Initiative Designed to Take Motoring into the 21st Century |last=Bell |first=Roger |newspaper=The Independent |date=3 July 1993 |access-date=10 October 2012 |archive-date=3 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203175503/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/motoring/motoring-will-the-joystick-take-the-joy-out-of-driving-roger-bell-surveys-an-initiative-designed-to-take-motoring-into-the-21st-century-1482588.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Saab 9XX Concept (1991)
* Saab 9-X line:
** [[Engineering:Saab 9-X|Saab 9-X]] (2001)
** [[Engineering:Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3]]X (2002)
** Saab 9-3 Sport Hatch (2003)
** Saab 9-5 Aero BioPower (2006)
** [[Engineering:Saab 9-4X|Saab 9-4X BioPower]] (2008)
** [[Engineering:Saab 9-X Biohybrid|Saab 9-X Biohybrid]] (2008)
** [[Engineering:Saab 9-X Air|Saab 9-X Air]] (2008)
** Saab 9-3 ePower sport wagon (2010)
* [[Engineering:Saab Aero-X|Saab Aero-X]] (2006)
* [[Engineering:Saab PhoeniX|Saab PhoeniX]] (2011)

==Innovations==
* 1958: The GT 750 is the first Saab car fitted with seatbelts as standard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saabmuseum.com/innovations/index.html|title=Saab Innovations|work=Saab Museum|access-date=19 June 2009|archive-date=4 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504183208/http://www.saabmuseum.com/innovations/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1963: Saab becomes the first volume maker to offer diagonally split dual [[Engineering:Brake|brake]] circuits.
* 1969: Saab creates an ignition system near the gearstick{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} – instead of behind the steering wheel like most cars – in an attempt to reduce the very common serious and permanent knee injuries during collisions, caused by the knee impacting the key.
* 1970: Saab introduces a world-first – headlamp wipers and washers.
* 1971: Heated front seats are introduced, the first time in the world they are fitted as standard.
* 1971: Saab develops the impact-absorbing, self-repairing bumper{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}.
* 1976: Saab was the first manufacturer to produce a turbo engine with wastegate to control boost.
* 1978: Saab introduces another 'world-first,' the passenger compartment air filter (pollen filter).
* 1980: Saab introduces [[Engineering:Automatic Performance Control|Automatic Performance Control]] (APC), and an anti-[[Engineering:Engine knocking|knock]] sensor that allowed higher fuel economy and the use of lower grade fuel without engine damage.
* 1981: Saab introduces the split-field side mirror. This reduces the driver's blind spot.
* 1982: Saab introduces [[Chemistry:Asbestos|asbestos]]-free brake pads.
* 1983: Saab introduces the 16-[[Engineering:Poppet valve|valve]] turbocharged engine
* 1985: Saab pioneers direct ignition, eliminating the [[Engineering:Distributor|distributor]] and [[Physics:Spark plug|spark plug]] wires.
* 1991: Saab introduces a 'light-pressure' turbo.
* 1991: Saab is the first manufacturer to offer CFC-free air-conditioning.
* 1991: Saab develops its 'Trionic' engine management system, equipped with a 32-bit micro-processor.
* 1993: Saab introduces the 'Sensonic clutch' and the 'Black Panel', later to be called the 'Night Panel'.
* 1993: Saab develops the 'Safeseat' rear passenger protection system.
* 1994: Saab introduces the 'Trionic T5.5' engine management system, its processor is a [[Engineering:Motorola 68000|Motorola 68332]].
* 1995: Saab presents an asymmetrically turbocharged V6 at the Motor Show in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
* 1996: Saab introduces active head restraints (SAHR), which help minimise the risk of [[Medicine:Whiplash|whiplash]].
* 1997: Saab introduces Electronic Brake-force Distribution
* 1997: Saab fits ventilated front seats to their new [[Engineering:Saab 9-5|9-5]].
* 1997: Saab introduces ComSense; an alert delay feature that reduces the risk of distraction by briefly postponing lower priority alerts when the brakes or indicators are activated
* 2000: Saab introduces [[Engineering:Saab Variable Compression engine|SVC]]; a [[Engineering:Variable compression ratio|Variable Compression]], an engine in which the [[Engineering:Compression ratio|compression ratio]] is varied by tilting the cylinder head in relation to the pistons.
* 2002: Saab developed an independent, multi-link, rear suspension system on the new Saab 9-3 known as "ReAxs", a system which provides crisp steering feedback and contributes to enhanced driving stability in curves
* 2002: Saab unveils the second-generation Saab Active Head-Restraint system, known as SAHR2, in the new Saab 9-3 sedan
* 2003: Saab introduces CargoSET; automatic storage well retraction for the convertible, a two-step tonneau action for quicker soft-top deployment
* 2008: Saab introduces [[Engineering:Saab XWD|Cross-wheel drive]], an advanced all-wheel drive system with eLSD.  Saab brands this systems as "XWD"

==Safety==
Safety has a high priority in the design of Saab cars. The cars are subjected to the ''Älgtest'' (elk test) as elk are a common cause of accidents in Sweden. Saab have compiled a database containing over 6,100 real-life accidents with Saabs. The first recorded event was in 1948 where Julian Shermis had an accident.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saabsverige.com/main/SE/sv/pressreleases/11/index.shtml |title=Saab Group |work=Saab Sverige |access-date=1 August 2009 |archive-date=1 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201202850/http://www.saabsverige.com/main/SE/sv/pressreleases/11/index.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Endurance records==
In October 1986, the Saab Long Run took place.  Three standard Saab 9000 Turbos set two world records and 21 international records at the Talladega Superspeedway in Talladega, Alabama, United States. {{convert |100,000|km|mi| abbr =on}} were covered with an average speed of 213.299&nbsp;km/h (132.537&nbsp;mph) and {{convert |50,000|mi|km}} with an average speed of 213.686&nbsp;km/h (132.778&nbsp;mph).

Ten years later, in 1996, three standard Saab 900 (NG) Turbos driven by factory test drivers and two standard naturally aspirated Saab 900s driven by journalists set new world records on the same speedway.

In early December 2006, a Wisconsin traveling salesman donated his 1989 Saab 900 SPG (Special Performance Group) to the Wisconsin Automotive Museum after amassing {{convert |1001385|mi|km}} on the original factory engine. This mileage was verified by Saab.<ref name="jsonline.com">{{cite web | url = http://www.jsonline.com/business/29181064.html | title = This Saab story is one in a million | access-date = 18 December 2009 | work = JS online | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100104112144/http://www.jsonline.com/business/29181064.html | archive-date = 4 January 2010 }}</ref>

==Marketing and ownership==
[[File:SaabPerformanceTeam.jpg|thumb|right|Saab Performance Team at Linköping, in 1997 (Saab 91 Safirs in background)]]
Dating back to 1937, Svenska Aeroplan AB (Saab) created airplanes, introducing its first car, the Saab 92001, in 1947. Currently, Saab AB is separate from Saab Automobile and is best known for its old [[Engineering:Saab 37 Viggen|Saab 37 Viggen]] fighter aircraft (the Viggen badge would be shared by a [[Engineering:Saab 9-3|9-3]]) and its successor, the current export success low cost [[Engineering:Saab JAS 39 Gripen|JAS 39 Gripen]] swing-role fighter. This has led to an ad campaign, "Born From Jets", evoking the days when Saab produced both aircraft and automobiles. Saab is imported into many countries; each has a president of the subsidiary or importer. In the US, the first president was Mr. R. Millet.

In 1983, British commercial director Tony Scott made an advertisement for the company where a Saab 900 Turbo is shown racing a Saab 37 Viggen fighter jet.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jets, jeans and Hovis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/aug/24/1|newspaper=The Guardian|date=24 August 2007|access-date=21 January 2022|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226123953/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/aug/24/1|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1987, Saab created a TV advertisement called "Saab suite" (subtitled ''Ballet in 3 acts for 8 Saab 9000 Turbos''). In the film, stunt drivers show incredible driving with stock cars, such as one-wheeled burnouts, bumper-to-bumper driving through a slalom, cars slaloming from opposite directions on the same course, two-wheel driving, sliding in full speed, and jumping over passing cars—all on a closed airport runway with classical music playing in the background.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vaaywrt5ZjE |title=Saab Suite |work=YouTube |date=3 December 2007 |access-date=21 February 2015}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref>

To commemorate its 40th anniversary, Saab formed a ''Performance Team'' in 1987, which laid on exhibitions of automobile acrobatics and formation driving.  Initially this was done with Saab 9000s, as above, then later models, such as the Saab 900 (NG) were used. All of the team's members have previously competed in rallies, but what's unusual is that all five Performance Team members held regular jobs at Saab: there are two engineers, a quality controller, a technician and the head of Saab's photo studio. The picture shows these vehicles on display at the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of the Saab Aircraft Company, at Linköping, in 1997.

A Hewlett-Packard CPU-support chip features a Saab 900 Turbo 16 Cabriolet etched into its structure.<ref name= "micro.magnet.fsu.edu">{{cite web | url = http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/creatures/pages/saab.html | title = Saab 900 Turbo 16 Cabriolet | access-date = 13 June 2012 | work = Magnet | publisher = FSU | archive-date = 22 July 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140722182343/http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/creatures/pages/saab.html | url-status = live }}</ref>

===Ownership and brand loyalty===
As the brand has an unusual image in most markets, Saab owners tend to be correspondingly offbeat: intellectuals and enthusiasts.<ref>{{citation |title= Working with Advertising Agencies—The Saab-Scania Experience | first = L. | last = Einar | journal = Industrial Management & Data Systems | year=1987| volume = 87 | issue = 11/12 | pages = 3–8 | doi = 10.1108/eb057493 }}</ref><ref>{{citation | title = International directory of company histories | volume = 83 | page = 337 | first = Jay P. | last = Pederson |year=2007}}</ref> In his studies of brand communities, Albert Muniz, professor of marketing at DePaul University in Chicago, found significant characteristics of Saab owners which he called ''Snaabery''.<ref name=FT>{{cite news | url = http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/3ba64a08-74ea-11de-9ed5-00144feabdc0.html | title = Why the Saab inspires intense feelings | first = Sam | last = Knight | date = 25 July 2009 | newspaper = The Financial Times | access-date = 8 March 2012 | archive-date = 11 April 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100411043635/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/3ba64a08-74ea-11de-9ed5-00144feabdc0.html | url-status = live }}</ref> These included ownership of an original, pre-GM Saab; camaraderie with other Saab drivers and contempt for other brands such as [[Company:BMW|BMW]]. Writer John Crace characterised the typical "''Snaab''" as a [[Social:Creative director|creative advertising executive]] with large spectacles and an asymmetric hairstyle.<ref name = Crace>{{citation | work = The Guardian | title = The end of my Swedish love affair | date = 22 January 2010 | first = John | last = Crace | url = https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/jan/22/go-wrong-saab-john-crace | location = London | access-date = 13 December 2016 | archive-date = 2 June 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170602231758/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/jan/22/go-wrong-saab-john-crace | url-status = live }}</ref>  Rüdiger Hossiep, a psychologist at [[Organization:Ruhr University Bochum|Ruhr University Bochum]], found that Saab drivers have the highest level of psychological involvement with their cars, being over 10 times more passionate than the average [[Company:Volkswagen|Volkswagen]] driver.<ref name = FT /> Saab's main three markets were Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.<ref name = Crace />

===Slogans===
* The Swedish Car with Aircraft Quality (first English slogan)<ref name="Saab Slogans" />
* Go Swift – Go Safe – Go Saab (advertisement page – 1970s FIA Year Book)<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Yahoo | work = Flickr | url = https://www.flickr.com/photos/john-saab/4973408823/ | title = Go Swift – Go Safe – Go Saab | date = 9 September 2010 | access-date = 20 January 2017 | archive-date = 3 December 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141203051129/https://www.flickr.com/photos/john-saab/4973408823/ | url-status = live }}</ref>
* The most intelligent cars ever built. (1980s)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saabhistory.com/2006/10/11/saab-advertising-campaign-the-most-intelligent-cars-ever-built/ |title=Saab Advertising Campaign – 'The Most Intelligent Cars Ever Built' |work=Saab History |date=11 October 2006 |access-date=4 January 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Find your own road. (1990s)<ref name= "Saab Slogans">{{cite web|last=Emge|first=Ryan|title=Saab Advertising Campaigns Yesterday & Today|url=http://www.saabhistory.com/2007/09/18/saab-advertising-campaigns-yesterday-today/|publisher=Saab History|access-date=8 March 2011}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* A Saab will surrender its own life to save yours. (1990s)<ref name="Saab Slogans" />
* Welcome to the State of Independence (early 2000s decade; United States)<ref name= "Saab Slogans" />
* Born From Jets. (2003–2009; United States, Canada)<ref name="Saab Slogans" />
* Move Your Mind. (final global slogan){{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
* People Who Test Drive a Saab, Usually Buy One<ref name="Saab Slogans" />
* It's A Pity Other Cars Aren't Built This Way<ref name="Saab Slogans" />
* We don't make compromises. We make Saabs.<ref name="Saab Slogans" />
* Saab. It's what a car should be.<ref name = "Saab Slogans" />
* Beyond the conventional (1990s United Kingdom).<ref name="Saab Slogans" />
* The Command Performance Car.<ref name= "Saab Slogans" />
* The Well-Built Swede<ref>{{citation |url = http://www.saabhistory.com/2007/09/18/what-is-your-favorite-saab-campaign-slogan/ |title = What Is Your Favorite Saab Advertising Slogan? |date = 18 September 2007 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==In motorsport==
Saab competed in the Trans Am Series in 1966, entering a [[Engineering:Saab 96|96]] and a [[Engineering:Saab Sport|850]]. Saab also entered its [[Engineering:Saab 9-3|9-3]] in the Castrol Canadian Touring Car Championship.

Saab had a factory rally team with successful drivers, Erik "On-the-Roof" Carlsson, Tom Trana, Simo Lampinen, Stig Blomqvist and Per Eklund. The team stopped competing in 1980. In 2012 a new Saab rally team took part in the classic historic Midnattssolsrallyt (Rally to the Midnight Sun). The S2AB Historic Rally team entered four Saab 99 Turbos, driven by ex-champions Ola Strömberg, Erik Uppsäll, Travis Decker and Jörgen Trued. S2AB (Swedish Advanced Automotive Business) is the company led by Magnus Roland, former chassis manager at Saab.

==See also==
* Barber Saab Pro Series
* Saab Car Museum
* [[Engineering:Saab hockey stick|Saab hockey stick]]
* Saab Turbo Mobil Challenge
* [[Engineering:Saab XWD|Saab XWD]]
* Talbot Horizon – replaced the [[Engineering:Saab 96|Saab 96]] on the Valmet line and used many of the same parts, especially in the interior
* Trionic 8

==References==
===Notes===
{{reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Chatterton |first1=Mark |title=Saab: The Innovator |date=1980 |publisher=David & Charles |location=Newton Abbot, Devon, UK |isbn=0715379453 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dIVTAAAAMAAJ |access-date=3 September 2023 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707175358/https://books.google.com/books?id=dIVTAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Cole |first1=Lance |title=Saab Cars: The Complete Story |date=2012 |publisher=The Crowood Press |location=Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK |isbn=9781847973986 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zshZLwEACAAJ |access-date=3 September 2023 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702115727/https://books.google.com/books?id=zshZLwEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Cole |first1=Lance |title=Saab Celebration: Swedish Style Remembered |date=2021 |publisher=Pen & Sword Transport |location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK |isbn=9781526775238 |author-mask1=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_gKOzgEACAAJ |access-date=3 September 2023 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702075443/https://books.google.com/books?id=_gKOzgEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Dymock |first1=Eric |title=Saab: Half a Century of Achievement, 1947-1997 |date=1997 |publisher=Haynes |location=Sparkford, UK |isbn=0854299815 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-sMAAAACAAJ |access-date=3 September 2023 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702074608/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-sMAAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Forever |first1=Lowe |last2=Brindfors |first2=Lowe |title=Made in Trollhattan |date=2002 |publisher=Colorcraft |location=Stockholm |isbn=9163107031 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e3WExtqECI4C |access-date=3 September 2023 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702074609/https://books.google.com/books?id=e3WExtqECI4C |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Grylls |first1=Vaughan |title=The Spirit of Saab: 50 Reasons Why We Love Them |date=2023 |publisher=Batsford |location=London |isbn=9781849948029 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zCt-EAAAQBAJ |access-date=3 September 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630092747/https://books.google.com/books?id=zCt-EAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Lindh |first1=Björn-Eric |title=Saab: The First 40 Years of Saab Cars |date=1987 |publisher=Förlagshuset Norden |location=Malmö, Sweden |isbn=9186442341 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cyGUpwAACAAJ |access-date=3 September 2023 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707175400/https://books.google.com/books?id=cyGUpwAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Brian |title=Saab: A Short Story |date=2012 |publisher=Prodinnova |isbn=9782917260241 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gK9jngEACAAJ |access-date=3 September 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630174503/https://books.google.com/books?id=gK9jngEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* (Saab Parts)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130413150637/http://www.saabcars.com/ Official website] (Archive, 13 April 2013)
* [http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/companies/saab_automobile_ab/index.html?s=oldest& Saab news article collection since 1984] (by ''The New York Times'')
* {{curlie|Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/Saab/|Saab Group}}


[[Category:Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers]]

{{Sourceattribution|Saab Automobile}}