View source for Earth:Girón Formation

{{Infobox rockunit
| name           = Girón Formation
| period         = Oxfordian
| age            = Late Jurassic<br>~{{fossil range|160|150}}
| image          = 
| imagesize      = 
| caption        = Outcrop of the Girón Formation
| type           = [[Earth:Geological formation|Geological formation]]
| prilithology   = [[Earth:Sandstone|Sandstone]], [[Earth:Siltstone|siltstone]], [[Earth:Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]]
| otherlithology = [[Chemistry:Shale|Shale]], claystone, [[Earth:Rhyolite|rhyolite]], [[Earth:Tuff|tuff]]
| unitof         = 
| subunits       = 
| underlies      = [[Earth:Rosablanca Formation|Rosablanca]], Río Negro, Tambor & Tibú-Mercedes Formations
| overlies       = Bucaramanga Gneiss, Arboleda Granite, Diamante, [[Earth:Floresta Formation|Floresta]], Bocas & Jordán Formations
| thickness      = Up to {{convert|3346|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| area           = 
| map            = Blakey 150Ma - COL.jpg
| map_caption    = Paleogeography of Northern South America<br>150 Ma, {{small|by Ron Blakey}}
| location       = Mesa de Los Santos & Altiplano Cundiboyacense<br>Eastern Ranges, [[Place:Andes|Andes]]
| coordinates    = {{coord|6|46|17|N|73|02|30|W|display=inline,title}}
| region         = Santander, Norte de Santander, Boyacá
| country        = {{COL}}
| extent         = {{convert|325|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| namedfor       = Girón
| namedby        = Hettner (1892)<br>Langenheim
| year_ts        = 1954
| location_ts    = Lebrija River
| coordinates_ts = {{coord|7|11|39|N|74|09|13|W|display=inline}}
| paleocoordinates_ts = 
| region_ts      = Santander
| country_ts     = {{COL}}
| thickness_ts   = {{convert|3346|m|ft|abbr=on}}
}}
The '''Girón Formation''' ({{lang-es|Formación Girón}}, Jg) is an extensive geological formation stretching across {{convert|325|km|mi}} from the north in Teorama, Norte de Santander, across the Mesa de Los Santos and [[Earth:Chicamocha Canyon|Chicamocha Canyon]] towards west of Nobsa, Boyacá in the northern part of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the south. The formation extends across the northern and central part of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian [[Place:Andes|Andes]].

The formation forms the [[Earth:Basement (geology)|basement]] in the Middle Magdalena Valley and is forming the Serranía de Los Cobardes. The Girón Formation consists of thickly bedded red [[Earth:Sandstone|sandstone]]s, [[Chemistry:Shale|shale]]s, [[Earth:Siltstone|siltstone]]s and [[Earth:Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerates]] deposited in a terrestrial alluvial and fluvial to fluvio-lacustrine [[Earth:Depositional environment|environment]] in an extensional basin setting. The formation dates to the Late Jurassic period and has a maximum thickness of {{convert|3346|m|ft}} at its type locality in the valley of the Lebrija River.

== Definition ==
The formation was first defined by Hettner in 1892 and named after Girón, close to Bucaramanga, Santander. The [[Earth:Type locality (geology)|type locality]] was defined by Langenheim in 1954 in the valley of the Lebrija River. The formation was studied by various authors in the 1940s, Oppenheim in 1940, Dickey in 1941 and Trumpy in 1943, who described the formation as a lateral equivalent of the [[Earth:La Quinta Formation|La Quinta Formation]] of northern Colombia and western Venezuela. Julivert (1958) assigned a thickness of {{convert|2500|m|ft}}, while Navas in 1963 observed a thickness of {{convert|2690|m|ft}}. Cediel in the same year defined the thickness at its type locality of {{convert|4650|m|ft}} and divided the formation in seven units.<ref name=Pulido1985_p9>Pulido González, 1985, p.9</ref> Research by Osorio and Velandia, published in 2015, concluded a maximum thickness of {{convert|3346|m|ft}} at the type locality.<ref name=Osorio2015_p979>Osorio & Velandia, 2015, p.979</ref> On the Cáchira Páramo in Norte de Santander, the thickness is {{convert|1140|m|ft}}.<ref name=Fuquen2011_p43>Fúquen et al., 2011, p.43</ref>

== Description ==
The Girón Formation extends over a distance of about {{convert|325|km|mi}} from Teorama in Norte de Santander in the north to Nobsa in Boyacá in the south, stretching across three departments; Norte de Santander, Santander and Boyacá.

=== Lithologies ===
The Girón Formation is characterized by a thick sequence of red [[Chemistry:Feldspar|feldspathic]] and [[Chemistry:Mica|mica]]ceaous [[Earth:Sandstone|sandstone]]s and thinly bedded reddish [[Earth:Siltstone|siltstone]]s, [[Earth:Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerates]] with [[Chemistry:Quartz|quartz]] and lithic clasts, [[Chemistry:Shale|shale]]s with white spots and purple to dark red claystones. In the south, the formation includes fragments of [[Chemistry:Schist|schist]]s, [[Earth:Quartzite|quartzite]]s, and red and green [[Chemistry:Limonite|limonite]].<ref name=Pulido1985_p9/> The middle part of the sequence contains alternating greyish green sandstones and red to purple siltstones in beds up to {{convert|1.5|m|ft}}.<ref name=Royero2001_p16>Royero Gutiérrez, 2001, p.16</ref> In the Middle Magdalena Valley (VMM), the Girón Formation has been drilled and proved to comprise [[Earth:Rhyolite|rhyolitic]], [[Earth:Dacite|rhyodacitic]] flows and [[Earth:Tuff|tuff]]s.<ref name=Garavito2008_p31>Garavito Cubillos, 2008, p.31</ref> To the southeast of Cáchira, Norte de Santander, [[Earth:Andesite|andesitic]] porphyry copper deposits in mineralizations of [[Chemistry:Chalcopyrite|chalcopyrite]] and [[Chemistry:Bornite|bornite]] occur in the Girón Formation.<ref name=Fuquen2011_p105>Fúquen, 2011, p.105</ref>

=== Stratigraphy and depositional environment ===
The Girón Formation in large areas of its extent overlies the [[Earth:Precambrian|Precambrian]] Bucaramanga Gneiss,<ref name=Royero2001_p13>Royero Gutiérrez, 2001, p.13</ref> in the northern area the Arboleda Granite,<ref name=Fuquen2011_p46>Fúquen, 2011, p.46</ref> and the [[Earth:Carboniferous|Carboniferous]] to [[Earth:Permian|Permian]] Diamante Formation in the area around Toledo, Norte de Santander.<ref name=Royero2001_p15>Royero Gutiérrez, 2001, p.15</ref> In this part, the formation is overlain by the Río Negro and Tibú-Mercedes Formations.<ref name=Royero2001_p16/>

In the central area at the type locality in the Lebrija River valley, the formation unconformably overlies the Bocas Formation and is overlain by the Tambor Formation.<ref name=Pulido1985_p9/> On the Mesa de Los Santos and the Bucaramanga Massif, the formation overlies the Jordán Formation with an angular unconformity [[Earth:Strike and dip|dipping]] 10 to 15°.<ref name=Ayala2005_p50>Ayala et al., 2005, p.50</ref> In the central part it is overlain by the [[Earth:Rosablanca Formation|Rosablanca Formation]]. In the southernmost extent of the formation, along the road from Busbanzá to Corrales, the Girón Formation unconformably rests upon the [[Earth:Floresta Formation|Floresta Formation]].<ref name=Ulloa2003_p45>Ulloa et al., 2003, p.45</ref> The formation forms the economic [[Earth:Basement (geology)|basement]] in the Middle Magdalena Valley.<ref name=Garavito2008_p31/>

The age has been estimated to be Late Jurassic, ranging from Oxfordian to Tithonian,<ref name=Mendez2017-p33>Méndez Espinosa, 2017, p.33</ref> based on [[Biology:Ostracod|ostracod]]s and palynomorphs.<ref name=Ayala2005_p50/> Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Buena Vista Breccia of the proximal area of the Llanos Basin and the [[Earth:Arcabuco Formation|Arcabuco Formation]] to the west of the Boyacá Fault.<ref name=Mendez2017-p32>Méndez Espinosa, 2017, p.32</ref>

The formation was deposited in an alluvial to fluvial or fluvio-lacustrine terrestrial [[Earth:Depositional environment|environment]],<ref name=Royero2001_p16/> with fast-flowing [[Earth:Braided river|braided river]]s and in certain parts meandering river deposition to a deltaic environment. Towards the top of the stratigraphic unit, the deposition became shallow marine.<ref name=Fuquen2011_p45>Fúquen, 2011, p.45</ref> The overall tectonic regime represented an extensional basin setting.<ref name=Fuquen2011_p15>Fúquen et al., 2011, p.15</ref> The rifting of the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, resulting from the break-up of Pangea, caused large variations in thickness of the Girón Formation.<ref name=Jimenez2016_p318>Jiménez et al., 2016, p.318</ref>

==== Provenance ====
The grains composing the Girón Formation have been analyzed using X-ray diffraction, resulting in [[Chemistry:Quartz|quartz]] as principal component (73 to 97%), and clay minerals belonging to the kaolinite group (2 to 4%) and [[Chemistry:Illite|illite]]-[[Chemistry:Mica|mica]] (3-19%). It has been suggested a main component of the [[Earth:Provenance (geology)|provenance]] for the sediments was the Devonian [[Earth:Floresta Formation|Floresta Formation]].<ref name=Mendez2017-p147>Méndez Espinosa, 2017, p.147</ref>

=== Tectonics ===
{| class="wikitable" align=right
| align=center | {{Location map+ | Colombia Norte de Santander Department
| relief = 1
| width   = 203
| float = center
| caption = Norte de Santander
| places  =
  {{Location map~ | Colombia Norte de Santander Department
  | lat_deg = 8.674927
  | lon_deg = -73.193790
  | mark = Blue pog.svg
  | marksize = 12
  }}
}}
| align=center | {{Location map+ | Colombia Santander Department
| relief = 1
| width   = 250
| float = center
| caption = Santander
| places  =
  {{Location map~ | Colombia Santander Department
  | lat_deg = 7.194110
  | lon_deg = -73.153615
  | mark = Cyan pog.svg
  | marksize = 12
  }}
  {{Location map~ | Colombia Santander Department
  | lat_deg = 6.771327
  | lon_deg = -73.041851
  | mark = Yellow pog.svg
  | marksize = 12
  }}
  {{Location map~ | Colombia Santander Department
  | lat_deg = 5.755661
  | lon_deg = -72.965609
  | mark = Green pog.svg
  | marksize = 12
  }}
}}
|-
| colspan=2 | {{small|Extent of the Girón Formation<br>[[File:Blue pog.svg|12px]] Northernmost outcrop in Teorama, Norte de Santander<br>12px Type locality at the Lebrija River, Santander<br>12px Outcrop in the Chicamocha Canyon, Santander<br>[[File:Green pog.svg|12px]] Southernmost outcrop in Nobsa, Boyacá}}
|}
The Girón Formation probably deposited as a result of regional uplift of the Santander and Floresta Massifs in the Late Jurassic.<ref name=Mojica1995_p170>Mojica & Kammer, 1995, p.170</ref> The formation is folded in an anticline around the type locality producing the Los Cobardes Anticlinal that extends to Contratación.<ref name=Osorio2015_p975>Osorio & Velandia, 2015, p.975</ref><ref name=Jimenez2016_p314>Jiménez et al., 2016, p.314</ref><ref name=Plancha151>Plancha 151, 2009</ref> [[Earth:Transpression|Transpressive]] tectonic movements after deposition produced five sets of fractures; an asymmetrical group of NW-SE, NW-SE, and E-W fractures and a set symmetrical with the general [[Earth:Anticline|anticline]] at NNE-SSW and ESE-WNW.<ref name=Osorio2015_p979/> Pervasive [[Earth:Cleavage (geology)|cleavage]] exists in the formation at the Floresta Massif.<ref name=Ayala2005_p53>Ayala et al., 2005, p.53</ref> [[Physics:Magnetization|Magnetization]] analysis performed in 2005 by Ayala et al. showed clockwise rotation of the formation in the southern area around Paz de Río of 31 ± 18° and Nobsa of 40 ± 18° respectively.<ref name=Ayala2005_p62>Ayala et al., 2005, p.62</ref> The Girón Formation is put into contact with the Cretaceous La Luna Formation in Norte de Santander,<ref name=Fuquen2011_p77>Fúquen, 2011, p.77</ref> and is present in the hanging wall of the Bituima-La Salina Fault and cross-cut by several faults, among which the Suárez, Cáchira,<ref name=Plancha86>Plancha 86, 1981</ref><ref name=Plancha97>Plancha 97, 2009</ref> and the regional  Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault.<ref name=Jimenez2016_p315>Jiménez et al., 2016, p.315</ref><ref name=Plancha120>Plancha 120, 2010</ref>

== Outcrops ==
The Girón Formation is found, apart from its [[Earth:Type locality (geology)|type locality]] in the Lebrija River valley in Santander, stretching from the north around Teorama, Norte de Santander,<ref name=Plancha66>Plancha 66, 2009</ref> to the south west of Nobsa in Boyacá.<ref name=Plancha172>Plancha 172, 1998</ref> The formation crops out along the Colombia-Venezuela border in Toledo, Norte de Santander,<ref name=Plancha111>Plancha 111, 1999</ref> and the urban center of Hacarí is built on top of the Girón Formation.<ref name=Plancha76>Plancha 76, 2009</ref> The formation forms the Serranía de Los Cobardes in the western front of the Eastern Ranges and is found throughout the [[Earth:Chicamocha Canyon|Chicamocha Canyon]],<ref name=Plancha135>Plancha 135, 2009</ref><ref name=Plancha136>Plancha 136, 1984</ref> and the Sogamoso River cuts through the Girón Formation.<ref name=Plancha120/>

The Girón Formation also crops out along the highway from Bucaramanga to Piedecuesta where frequent landslides of the fractured rocks occur in the rainy season.<ref name=Tiempo>[https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-35735 Taponada Vía Bucaramanga-Bogotá] - 1984 - El Tiempo</ref><ref name=RCN>[https://noticias.canalrcn.com/videos/derrumbes-piedecuesta-santander-tienen-incomunicadas-dos-veredas Derrumbes en Piedecuesta en Santander tienen incomunicadas a dos veredas] - 2017 - RCN Radio</ref><ref name=ElFrente>[http://www.elfrente.com.co/web/index.php?ecsmodule=frmstasection&ida=57&idb=95&idc=21396 Enormes derrumbes taponan cuatro ejes viales de Santander. Paso restringido a un carril] - 2018 - El Frente</ref>

{{clearleft}}

== See also ==
* Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense
* Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
* Cesar-Ranchería Basin
* [[Earth:Guavio Formation|Guavio Formation]]
* [[Earth:Valle Alto Formation|Valle Alto Formation]]

== References ==
{{reflist|20em}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite LSA |last=Ayala Calvo |first=Rosa Carolina |last2=Veloza Fajardo |first2=Gabriel Eduardo |last3=Bayona |first3=Germán |last4=Gómez Casallas |first4=Mayeli |last5=Rapalini |first5=Augusto Ernesto |last6=Costanzo Álvarez |first6=Vincenzo |last7=Aldana |first7=Milagrosa |last8=Cortés |first8=Martin |year=2005 |title=Paleomagnetísmo y Mineralogía Magnética en las unidades del Mesozoico de Bucaramanga y el Macizo de Floresta |url=http://www.cgares.org/Directorio/Archivos/1859_AYALA_et_al2.pdf.pdf |journal=Geología Colombiana |volume=30 |pages=49–66 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Fúquen M. |first=Jaime A. |last2=Ceballos |first2=Leonardo |last3=Marín |first3=Edwin |last4=Patiño |first4=Alejandro |last5=Pedraza |first5=Andrea |year=2011 |title=Geología de las Planchas 98 Durania y 99 Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander - Colombia |url=http://recordcenter.sgc.gov.co/B13/23008010024473/documento/pdf/2105244731101000.pdf |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1–119 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Garavito Cubillos |first=Flavio |year=2008 |title=Structural analysis of an area in the northern central part of the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin, Colombia |url=https://mountainscholar.org/bitstream/handle/11124/79219/T06433.pdf?sequence=1 |publisher=[[Organization:Colorado School of Mines|Colorado School of Mines]] |pages=1–105 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Jiménez |first=Giovanny |last2=López |first2=Oscar |last3=Jaimes |first3=Leonardo |last4=Mier Umaña |first4=Ricardo |year=2016 |title=Variaciones en el estilo estructural relacionado con anisotropias de basamento en el Valle Medio del Magdalena |url=http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/racefn/v40n155/v40n155a11.pdf |journal=Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales |volume=40 |pages=312–319 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Méndez Espinosa |first=Sandra Catalina |year=2017 |title=Análisis de procedencia de rocas siliciclásticas de las formaciones Girón y Tibasosa en el Macizo de Floresta (MSc. thesis) |publisher=Universidad Nacional de Colombia |pages=1–219}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Mojica |first=Jairo |last2=Kammer |first2=Andreas |year=1995 |title=Eventos Jurásicos en Colombia |url=http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/32011/1/31352-113559-1-PB.pdf |journal=Geología Colombiana |volume=19 |pages=165–172 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Osorio |first=Diego |last2=Velandia |first2=Francisco |year=2015 |title=Espesor estratigráfico medido y análisis de fracturas en la sección tipo de la Formación Girón (Río Lebrija) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281642158_Espesor_estratigrafico_medido_y_analisis_de_fracturas_en_la_seccion_tipo_de_la_Formacion_Giron_rio_Lebrija |publisher=XV Congreso Colombiano de Geología, Bucaramanga |pages=975–979 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Pulido González |first=Orlando |year=1985 |title=Reseña explicativa del mapa geológico preliminar de la Plancha 135 San Gil 1:100,000 |url=http://recordcenter.sgc.gov.co/B4/13010010024367/documento/pdf/0101243671102000.pdf |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1–24 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Royero Gutiérrez |first=José María |year=2001 |title=Geología y geoquímica de la Plancha 111 Toledo - Norte de Santander 1:100,000 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1–56}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Ulloa |first=Carlos |last2=Rodríguez |first2=Erasmo |last3=Rodríguez |first3=Gloria Inés |year=2003 |title=Memoria Explicativa de la Plancha 172 Paz de Río 1:100,000 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1–109}}

==== Maps ====
* {{cite LSA |last=Royero Gutiérrez |first=José María |last2=Vargas Higuera |first2=Rodrigo |year=1999 |title=Mapa Geológico de Santander 1:300,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwFQPMJEi17QXzN0dDFhb3NRWTQ/view |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}

* {{cite LSA |last=Daconte |first=Rommel |last2=Salinas |first2=Rosalba |last3=Royero |first3=José María |last4=Clavijo |first4=Jairo |last5=Arias |first5=Alfonso |last6=Carvajal |first6=Luz S. |last7=López |first7=Martín E. |last8=Angarita |first8=Leonidas |last9=Mendoza |first9=Hernando |year=2009 |title=Plancha 66 - Miraflores - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QaFJhemtSRUhQU3M |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Daconte |first=Rommel |last2=Salinas |first2=Rosalba |year=1980 |title=Plancha 76 - Ocaña - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QbFptaWphTDVBbm8 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Vargas |first=Rodrigo |last2=Arias |first2=Alfonso |year=1981 |title=Plancha 86 - Ábrego - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QdndWaXZBRHZwY3M |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Vargas |first=Rodrigo |last2=Arias |first2=Alfonso |year=2009 |title=Plancha 97 - Cáchira - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QV0ZuemdEREpzVE0 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Royero |first=José María |last2=Zambrano |first2=J. |last3=Daconte |first3=Rommel |last4=Mendoza |first4=H. |last5=Vargas |first5=Rodrigo |year=1999 |title=Plancha 111 - Toledo - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QUXZRRDMyZU5jVTQ |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Ward |first=Dwight E. |last2=Goldsmith |first2=Richard |last3=Jimeno |first3=Andrés |last4=Cruz |first4=Jaime |last5=Restrepo |first5=Hernán |last6=Gómez |first6=Eduardo |year=2010 |title=Plancha 120 - Bucaramanga - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QdlNUbTlLbG92dk0 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Angarita |first=Leonidas |last2=Carrillo |first2=Víctor |last3=Castro |first3=Alfonso |last4=Daconte |first4=Rommel |last5=Niño |first5=Mario |last6=Pulido |first6=Orlando G. |last7=Rodríguez |first7=J. Antonio |last8=Royero |first8=José María |last9=Salinas, Carlos Ulloa and Rodrigo Vargas |first9=Rosalba |year=2009 |title=Plancha 135 - San Gil - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QWmI0U0IxSEptOWM |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Vargas |first=Rodrigo |last2=Arias |first2=Alfonso |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Luis |last4=Tellez |first4=Noel |year=1984 |title=Plancha 136 - Málaga - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QcTNmbVRfUGlrSGc |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Pulido González |first=Orlando |year=2009 |title=Plancha 151 - Charalá - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QVnhHc2E1d1YxSHM |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Ulloa |first=Carlos E. |last2=Guerra |first2=Álvaro |last3=Escovar |first3=Ricardo |year=1998 |title=Plancha 172 - Paz de Río - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QalZXUHRfM0I2eFk |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2018-10-09}}

[[Category:Tithonian Stage]]
[[Category:Sandstone formations]]
[[Category:Siltstone formations]]
[[Category:Shale formations]]
[[Category:Conglomerate formations]]
[[Category:Tuff formations]]
[[Category:Alluvial deposits]]
[[Category:Fluvial deposits]]
[[Category:Lacustrine deposits]]

{{Sourceattribution|Girón Formation}}