View source for Earth:List of Turkic dynasties and countries

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The following is a list of dynasties, [[Earth:Sovereign state|states]] or empires which are [[Social:Turkic languages|Turkic-speaking]], of Turkic origins, or both. There are currently six recognised Turkic sovereign states. Additionally, there are six federal subjects of Russia in which a Turkic language is a majority, and five where Turkic languages are the minority, and also Crimea, a disputed territory between Ukraine and Russia where Turkic languages are the indigenous minority. There have been numerous Turkic confederations, dynasties, and empires throughout history across [[Earth:Eurasia|Eurasia]] and [[Place:North Africa|North Africa]].

{{Multiple image
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 | caption1  = World map with present-day independent recognised Turkic countries highlighted in red
}}

== Contemporary entities with at least one Turkic language recognised as official ==

=== Current independent states ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-  style="background:#ececec; text-align:center;"
!| Name || Year of Independence ||
|-
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]]
| 1923
| 2016 – 70–75% Turkish<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey-turkiye/#people-and-society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110073821/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey#people-and-society |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 10, 2021 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=12 February 2023 |language=en |date=8 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Place:Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]
| 1991
| 2009 – 91.6% Azerbaijani, 0.4% Meskhetian Turk, 0.3% Tatar<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/azerbaijan-ethnic2009.htm|title=Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan 2009}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} Kazakhstan
| 1991
| 2020 – 68.5% Kazakh, 3.93% Uzbek, 1.5% Uyghur, 1.1% Tatar, 0.6% Meskhetian Turk, 0.6% Azerbaijani<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stat.gov.kz/api/getFile/?docId=ESTAT355258|title=Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2020 года|publisher=Комитет по статистике Министерства национальной экономики Республики Казахстан|access-date=27 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Kyrgyzstan}} Kyrgyzstan
| 1991
| 2021 – 73.8% Kyrgyz, 14.8% Uzbek, 0.9% Uyghur, 0.7% Meskhetian Turk, 0.6% Kazakh, 0.4% Tatar, 0.3% Azerbaijani<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.kg/en/opendata/category/312/|title=Total population by nationality (assessment at the beginning of the year, people)|language=en|work=Bureau of Statistics of Kyrgyzstan|date=2021}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} Turkmenistan
| 1991
| 2012 – 85.6% Turkmen, 5.8% Uzbek, 0.4% Kazakh<ref>{{cite web |title=The results of census in Turkmenistan {{!}} Chronicles of Turkmenistan |url=http://www.chrono-tm.org/en/2015/02/the-results-of-census-in-turkmenistan/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006054812/http://www.chrono-tm.org/en/2015/02/the-results-of-census-in-turkmenistan/ |archive-date=6 October 2016 |date=6 October 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} Uzbekistan
| 1991
| 2017 – 83.7% Uzbek, 2.5% Kazakh, 2.2% Karakalpak, 0.9% Kyrgyz, 0.6% Tatar, 0.6% Turkmen<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistika qo'mitasi – DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN |url=https://www.stat.uz/en/press-center/news-committee/435-analiticheskie-materialy-en1/2075-demographic-situation-in-the-republic-of-uzbekistan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145750/https://www.stat.uz/en/press-center/news-committee/435-analiticheskie-materialy-en1/2075-demographic-situation-in-the-republic-of-uzbekistan |archive-date=22 August 2018 |date=22 August 2018}}</ref>
|}

=== De facto states ===
Recognised only by [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-  style="background:#ececec; text-align:center;"
!| Name ||Year of Independence ||
|-
|{{flagicon|Northern Cyprus}} [[Place:Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]
| 1983
| 2006 – 99.2% Turkish<ref>{{cite web |title=Tablo – 8 : Yaş Grubu, Milliyet ve Cinsiyete Göre Sürekli İkamet Eden (de-jure) KKTC Vatandaşı Nüfus. TOPLAM |url=http://nufussayimi.devplan.org/Nufus-nitelikleri_main.html |access-date=12 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314011919/http://nufussayimi.devplan.org/Nufus-nitelikleri_main.html |archive-date=14 March 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|}

=== Federal subjects (Republics) of Russia ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Total % !!
|-class="sortbottom"
!colspan="3"| Federal subjects with Turkic majority or plurality
|-
| {{flagcountry|Bashkortostan}}
| 57.3% || 2021 –  31% Bashkir, 23.8% Tatar, 2% Chuvash, 0.5% other Turkic peoples<ref name=census2021 />
|-
| {{flagcountry|Chuvashia}}
| 60.4% || 2021 – 57.7% Chuvash, 2.5% Tatar, 0.2% other Turkic peoples<ref name=census2021 />
|-
| {{flagcountry|Tatarstan}}
| 56.2% || 2021 – 53% Tatars, 2.3% Chuvash, 0.3% Bashkir, 0.8% other Turkic peoples<ref name=census2021 />
|-
| {{flagcountry|Tuva}}
| 85.7% || 2021 – 85.2% Tuvan, 0.5% other Turkic peoples<ref name=census2021 />
|-
| {{flagicon|Sakha Republic}} [[Biography:Sakha Republic|Sakha Republic]]
| 49.8% || 2021 – 47.1% Yakut, 1.1% Kyrgyz, 0.4% Tatar, 0.4% Uzbek, 0.8% other Turkic peoples<ref name=census2021 />
|-
| {{flagcountry|Karachay-Cherkessia}}
| 48.5% || 2021 – 43.8% Karachay, 3.7% Nogai, 1% other Turkic peoples<ref name=census2021>{{cite web|title=Национальный состав населения|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=Federal State Statistics Service|accessdate=30 December 2022}}</ref>
|-class="sortbottom"
!colspan="3"| Federal subjects with Turkic minority
|-
| {{flagcountry|Altai Republic}}
| 44.7% || 2021 – 38.1% Altai, 6% Kazakh, 0.6% other Turkic peoples<ref name=census2021 />
|-
| {{flagcountry|Dagestan}}
| 20.6% || 2021 – 15.6% Kumyk, 3.7% Azerbaijani, 1.2% Nogai, 0.1% other Turkic peoples<ref name=census2021 />
|-
| {{flagcountry|Kabardino-Balkaria}}
| 15.9% || 2021 – 13.7% Balkar, 1.9% Turkish, 0.7% other Turkic peoples<ref name=census2021 />
|-
| {{flagcountry|Republic of Crimea}}
| 14.9% || 2021 – 13% Crimean Tatar, 1.5% Tatar, 0.4% other Turkic peoples<ref name=census2021 />
|-
| {{flagcountry|Khakassia}}
| 12.1% || 2021 – 10.3% Khakas, 0.4% Tuvans, 0.3% Tatars, 0.3% Shors, 0.8% other Turkic peoples<ref name=census2021 />
|}

=== Autonomous regions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Total !! Notes
|-
| {{flagicon|Gagauzia}} Gagauzia in Moldova
| 83.8% || 2014 – 83.8% Gagauz<ref>{{cite web |last1=Statistics |first1=National Bureau of |title=// Population and Housing Census in 2014 |url=https://statistica.gov.md/pageview.php?l=en&idc=479& |website=statistica.gov.md |access-date=31 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Karakalpakstan}} Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan
| 98.2% || 2021 – 40.4% Uzbek, 37% Karakalpak, 15.4% Kazakh, 5.4% Turkmen<ref>{{cite web |title=Permanent population by national and / or ethnic group, urban / rural place of residence |url=https://data.egov.uz/eng/data/6117a05996188a0f14ac917b |publisher=Open Data Portal |access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} Nakhchivan in [[Place:Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]
| 99.6% || 2009 – 99.6% Azerbaijani<ref>{{cite web |title=NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI rəsmi portal |url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/index-22.htm |website=www.nakhchivan.az |access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref>
|-class="sortbottom"
!colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"| China
|-
| {{flagicon|China}} [[Place:Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region]]
| 59.1% || 2018 – 51.2% Uyghur, 6.9% Kazakh, 0.9% Kyrgyz<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539451.html/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121184615/http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539451.html/|archive-date=21 November 2018|url-status=dead|script-title=zh:3–8 主要年份分民族人口数}}</ref>
|-
| ↪ {{flagicon|China}} Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture
| 92.54% || 2018 – 66.2% Uyghur, 26.24% Kyrgyz<ref name="xinjiang2018">{{cite web |title=3–7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 |url=http://tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn/tjj/rkjyu/202006/3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101062133/http://tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn/tjj/rkjyu/202006/3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml |archive-date=1 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| ↪ {{flagicon|China}} Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
| 45.9% || 2018 – 27.2% Kazakh, 18% Uyghur<ref name="xinjiang2018" />
|-
| ↪ {{flagicon|China}} Barköl Kazakh Autonomous County
| 36.5% || 2018 – 36.3% Kazakh, 0.2% Uyghur<ref name="xinjiang2018" />
|-
| ↪ {{flagicon|China}} Mori Kazakh Autonomous County
| 36.7% || 2018 – 29.3% Kazakh, 6.1% Uyghur<ref name="xinjiang2018" />
|-
| {{flagicon|China}} Xunhua Salar Autonomous County
| 61.1% || 2000 – 61.1% Salar
|-
| {{flagicon|China}} Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County
| ~5.8%<ref>Salar population in Gansu province with respect to population of Jishishan county. 13,517 in 231,800 per 2010 census.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population by Prefecture,County |url=http://tjj.gansu.gov.cn/tjnj/2010/table/02/07.html |website=tjj.gansu.gov.cn |access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref> || 2010 – 5.8% Salar
|-
| {{flagicon|China}} Sunan Yugur Autonomous County
| 25% || 1996 – 25% Yugur<ref>{{cite web |title=肃南裕固族自治县历史沿革_行政区划网(区划地名网) www.xzqh.org |url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/gs/29497.html |website=www.xzqh.org |access-date=1 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|China}} Aksay Kazakh Autonomous County
| 41.3% || 2005 – 41.3% Kazakh<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2016-06-27|script-title=zh:阿克塞哈萨克族自治县历史沿革|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/gs/30366.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817165629/http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/gs/30366.html|archive-date=2020-08-17|access-date=2020-08-17|website=xzqh.org|language=zh}}</ref>
|}

== Historical Turkic confederations, dynasties, and states ==
=== Tribal confederations ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| [[History:Dingling|Dingling]] || [[History:Yenisei Kyrgyz|Yenisei Kyrgyz]] || Tiele  || Basmyl  || Chigils ||  Alat || Kutrigurs
|-
| Onogurs || Utigurs || Toquz Oghuz || Kipchaks || Kangly || Cumans || Yagma
|-
| Oghuz  || [[History:Sabir people|Sabirs]] || Bulgars || Shatuo || Nushibi || Duolu || Xueyantuo
|-
| Khazars || Bulaqs || Saragurs || Yabaku || Karluks ||  Chorni Klobuky ||  Berendei 
|}

=== Royal clans ===
* Ashina ([[Place:First Turkic Khaganate|First Turkic Khaganate]], [[Place:Western Turkic Khaganate|Western Turkic Khaganate]], Eastern Turkic Khaganate, Khazars, Nushibi, Second Turkic Khaganate)
* Ashide (Empress clan of Second Turkic Khaganate)
* Yaglakar (Uyghur Khaganate, Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom)
* Ädiz (Uyghur Khaganate)
* Dulo clan (Volga Bulgaria)
* Bulanid (Khazars)
* House of Aba
* House of Basarab
* Osman ([[Place:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]])
* Bahri ([[Place:Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]])
* [[Social:House of Sarkar|Sarkar]] (Shirvan Khanate)
* Javanshir (Karabakh Khanate)
* Terterids ([[Place:Second Bulgarian Empire|Second Bulgarian Empire]])
* House of Shishman
* House of Seljuq (Seljuk Empire, Sultanate of Rum, Kerman Seljuk Sultanate)

=== Central Asia ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!style="width:17em"|Name
!Notes
!style="width:7em"| Years
!style="width:20em"| Capital
!style="width:17em"|map
|-
| [[Place:First Turkic Khaganate|First Turkic Khaganate]]
| Founded by Bumin Qaghan after breaking away from [[Place:Rouran Khaganate|Rouran Khaganate]].
| 552–603
| Otuken
| [[File:GökturksAD551-572.png|90px]]
|-
| [[Place:Western Turkic Khaganate|Western Turkic Khaganate]]
| 
| 581–742
| Navekat and Suyab
| [[File:Western Gokturk.jpg|90px]]
|-
| Eastern Turkic Khaganate
|
| 581–630<br/>639–645
| Ordu Baliq
| [[File:Eastern Gokturk.png|90px]]
|-
| Xueyantuo
|
| 628–646
|
|
|-
| Kangar union
|
| 659–750
| Located in Ulytau
| [[File:AD 659KangarUnion.png|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Turk shahi tamga.png|30px]]Turk Shahi
|
| 665–850
| [[Place:Kabul|Kabul]]
| [[File:Turk Shahi 700ad.jpg|90px]]
|-
| Second Turkic Khaganate
| Founded by Ilterish Qaghan. It was preceded by the [[Place:First Turkic Khaganate|First Turkic Khaganate]] (552–630) and then a period of Tang rule (630–682).
| 682–744
| Otuken
| [[File:Map of Second Turkic Khaganate.png|90px]]
|-
| Türgesh
| Türgesh were a Turkic tribal confederation of Dulu Turks believed to have descended from the Turuhe tribe situated along the banks of the Tuul River. They emerged as an independent power after the demise of the [[Place:Western Turkic Khaganate|Western Turkic Khaganate]] and established a khaganate in 699. The Turgesh Khaganate lasted until 766 when the Karluks defeated them. 
| 699–766
| Balasagun
| [[File:Transoxiana 8th century.svg|90px]]
|-
| [[Place:Kimek–Kipchak confederation|Kimek–Kipchak confederation]]
|
| 743–1220
| Khagan-Kimek Imekia
| [[File:Қимақтар.png|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Uyghur Khganate Flag.jpg|50px]] Uyghur Khaganate
|
| 744–848
| Ordu Baliq
| [[File:East-Hem 800ad.jpg|90px]]
|-
| [[Place:Oghuz Yabgu State|Oghuz Yabgu State]]
|
| 750–1055
| Yangikent
| [[File:AD 750OguzYabgu.png|90px]]
|-
| Karluk Yabgu State
|
| 756–940
| Suyab  later Balasagun
| [[File:Қарлұқтар.png|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Qaraxanlı bayrağı.jpg|50px]] [[Place:Kara-Khanid Khanate|Kara-Khanid Khanate]]
|
| 840–1212
|Balasagun, [[Place:Kashgar|Kashgar]], [[Place:Samarkand|Samarkand]]
|[[File:KaraKhanidAD1000.png|90px]]
|-
| Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
|
| 840–1207
|
|[[File:Kirgisen-Reich (840-924).PNG|90px]]
|-
| Kingdom of Qocho
|
| 856–1335
| Gaochang, [[Place:Beshbalik|Beshbalik]]
| [[File:Qocho Uyghurs.png|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Pecenek.svg|50x50px]] Pechenegs
|
| 860–1091
|
| [[File:Khazarfall1.png|90px]]
|-
| Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
|
| 894–1036
| Zhangye
| [[File:Guiyi Circuit.png|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Cumania.svg|50px]] Cuman–Kipchak confederation<ref>''Encyclopedia of European peoples'', Vol.1, Ed. Carl Waldman, Catherine Mason, (Infobase Publishing Inc., 2006), 475; "''The Kipchaks were a loose tribal confederation of Turkics...''".</ref><ref>Vásáry, István, ''Cumans and Tatars: Oriental military in the pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365'', (Cambridge University Press, 2005), 6; "''..two Turkic confederacies, the Kipchaks and the Cumans, had merged by the twelfth century.''".</ref>
|
| 900–1220
|
| [[File:State of Cuman-Kipchak (13.) en.png|90px]]
|-
| Yettishar
| A short lived emirate in [[Place:Kashgar|Kashgar]] region.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2MtBAAAQBAJ&q=emirate+of+kashgar&pg=PA13|title=Xinjiang and the Expansion of Chinese Communist Power: Kashgar in the Early Twentieth Century|isbn=9781317647218|last1=Dillon|first1=Michael|date=August 2014}}</ref>
| 1865–1877
| [[Place:Kashgar|Kashgar]]
|[[File:Dungan Revolt Map.png|90px]]
|-
|}

=== Europe ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!style="width:17em"|Name
!Notes
!style="width:7em"| Years
!style="width:20em"| Capital
!style="width:17em"|Map
|-
| Khazar Empire
| The Khazars were a semi-[[Social:Nomad|nomad]]ic Turkic people, who created what for its duration was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Kaganate.<ref>{{harvnb|Sneath|2007|p=25}}.</ref>
| 6th–11th century
| Balanjar 650–720 ca., [[Place:Samandar (city)|Samandar (city)]] 720s–750, Atil 750-ca.965–969
| [[File:Chasaren.jpg|90px]]
|-
| [[File:The Monogram of Kubrat.png|50px]] Great Bulgaria
|
| 632–668
| Phanagoria 632–665
| [[File:Pontic steppe region around 650 AD.png|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Khans Dulo of Bulgaria.jpg|50x50px]] [[Place:First Bulgarian Empire|First Bulgarian Empire]]
|[[Religion:Tengrism|Tengrist]] Turkic pre-Christianization;<ref>{{cite book|last1=Peter Sarris|title=Empires of Faith: The Fall of Rome to the Rise of Islam, 500–700|date=2011|page=308}}</ref> became Slavic post-Christianization
| 681–1018
| [[Place:Pliska|Pliska]] 681–893, Preslav 893–972, [[Place:Skopje|Skopje]] 972–992, [[Place:Ohrid|Ohrid]] 992–1018
| [[File:First Bulgarian Empire Xc.png|90px]]
|-
| Volga Bulgaria
|Volga Bulgaria was a historic Bulgar state that existed around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River
| 7th century–1240s
| Bolghar, Bilär
| [[File:VolgaBulgaria1200.png|90px]]
|-
| Terter dynasty
|
| 1280–1323
|
| [[File:Bulgaria Theodore Svetoslav.png|90px]]
|}

=== Middle East and North Africa ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!style="width:17em"|Name
!Notes="width:15em"|Notes
!style="width:7em"| Years
!style="width:7em"| Capital
!style="width:20em"| Map
|-
| Tulunids
| The Tulunids were a dynasty of Turkic origin<ref>'' The Emergence of Muslim Rule in India: Some Historical Disconnects and Missing Links'', Tanvir Anjum, '''Islamic Studies''', Vol. 46, No. 2 (Summer 2007), 233.</ref> and were the first independent dynasty to rule Islamic Egypt, as well as much of [[Place:Bilad al-Sham|Syria]].
| 868–905
| Al-Qata'i
| [[File:Tulunid Emirate 868 - 905 (AD).PNG|90px]]
|-
| Ikhshidid dynasty
| Founded by a Turkic<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abulafia|first1=David|title=The Mediterranean in History|date=2011|page=170}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Haag|first1=Michael|title=The Tragedy of the Templars: The Rise and Fall of the Crusader States|url=https://archive.org/details/tragedyoftemplar00haag|url-access=registration|date=2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Bacharach|first1=Jere L.|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index|date=2006|page=382}}</ref> slave soldier, was appointed governor by the Abbasid Caliph.<ref>C.E. Bosworth, ''The New Islamic Dynasties'', (Columbia University Press, 1996), 62.</ref>
| 935–969
|Fustat
| [[File:Ikhshidid Dynasty 935 - 969 (AD).PNG|90px]]
|-
| Anatolian Beyliks
|<!--
**Chaka of Smyrna
**Ahlatshahs
**Artuklu
**Dilmaçoğlu
**İnaloğlu
**Mengücek
**Saltuklu
**Alaiye
**Aydınoğlu
**Candaroğlu
**Çobanoğlu
**Dulkadir
**Eretna
**Eşrefoğlu
**Germiyan
**Hamidoğlu
**Kadi Burhan al-Din
**Karamanoğlu
**Karesi
**Beylik of Lâdik
**Menteşe
**Osmanoğlu (Later to become Ottoman Empire)
**Pervâneoğlu
**Ramazanoğlu
**Sâhipataoğlu
**Saruhan
**Beylik of Teke--->
| 11th–16th century
|Many such as Karaman, [[Place:Sinop, Turkey|Sinop]], Adana, Alanya, Kahramanmaraş
| [[File:Beylicats d%u2019Anatolie vers 1330-en.svg|90px]]
|-
| Ahmadilis
|
| 1122–1209
| Maragha
| [[File:East-Hem 1200ad.jpg|90px]]
|-
| Eldiguzids
|
| ca.1135–1225
| Nakhchivan, [[Place:Hamadan|Hamadan]], [[Place:Tabriz|Tabriz]]
| 
|-
| Salghurids
|
| 1148–1282
| [[Place:Shiraz|Shiraz]]
| 
|-
| [[Place:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]]
| Also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]], was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia
| 1299–1923
| Söğüt (1299–1335), [[Place:Bursa|Bursa]] (1335–1413), [[Place:Edirne|Edirne]] (1413–1453), Istanbul (1453–1922)
| [[File:OttomanEmpireIn1683.png|90px]]
|-
|  [[Place:Qara Qoyunlu|Qara Qoyunlu]]
| Kara Koyunlu was a Turkmen tribal federation.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kara-Koyunlu] Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, English Black Sheep, Turkmen tribal federation that ruled Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468.</ref>
| 1375–1468
| [[Place:Tabriz|Tabriz]]
| [[File:Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans 1407–1468.png|90px]]
|-
| Aq Qoyunlu
| Aq Qoyunlu was an tribal federation from Bayandur clan of the Oghuz Turks<ref>C.E. Bosworth and R. Bulliet, ''The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual '', Columbia University Press, 1996, {{ISBN|0-231-10714-5}}, p. 275.</ref>
| 1378–1501
| [[Place:Diyarbakır|Diyarbakır]] (1453–1468), [[Place:Tabriz|Tabriz]] (1468–6 January 1478)
| [[File:Map Aq Qoyunlu 1478-en.png|90px]]
|-
| [[Social:Burid dynasty|Burid dynasty]]
|
| 1104–1154
| [[Place:Damascus|Damascus]]
| [[File:Map Crusader states 1135-en.svg|90px]]
|-
| Zengid dynasty
|Dynasty of Oghuz Turk origin.<ref>C.E. Bosworth, ''The New Islamic Dynasties'', (Columbia University Press, 1996), 191.</ref>
| 1127–1250
| Aleppo
| [[File:Zengid dynasty, 1127 - 1183.PNG|90px]]
|-
| Rasulid dynasty
|               
|  1229–1454
| Zabid
| [[File:Rasulid 1264.jpg|90px]]
|-
| [[Place:Mamluk Sultanate|Bahri dynasty]]
|The first half of the [[Place:Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk Sultanate]] was dominated by the Kipchak Turkic Bahri dynasty, after the Mongol conquest of the Kipchak steppes.
| 1250–1389
| [[Place:Cairo|Cairo]]
| [[File:Mamluks1279.png|90px]]
|-
| Assaf dynasty
| Controlled region between [[Place:Beirut|Beirut]] and [[Place:Byblos|Byblos]]
| 1306–1591
| Ghazir
|
|-
| [[Place:Afsharid dynasty|Afsharid dynasty]]
| Dynasty of Oghuz Turkic origin
| 1736–1796
| [[Place:Mashhad|Mashhad]]
| [[File:Revised Map of the Afsharid Empire.png|90px]]
|-
| Qajar dynasty
| Dynasty of Oghuz Turkic origin
| 1789–1925
| [[Place:Tehran|Tehran]]
| [[File:Map Iran 1900-en.png|90px]]
|}

=== Maghreb region ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!style="width:20em"|Name
!style="width:30em"|Notes
!style="width:7em"| Years
!style="width:17em"| Capital
!style="width:10em"| Map
|-
| [[File:Flag of Tripoli 18th century.svg|50px]] Karamanli dynasty
| The Karamanli dynasty was an independent or quasi-independent,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Marshall Cavendish|title=World and Its Peoples|date=2006|page=1213|isbn=9780761475712|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j894miuOqc4C&q=karamanli+dynasty&pg=PA1213}}</ref>  who ruled from 1711 to 1835 in Tripolitania ([[Place:Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] and its surroundings in present-day [[Place:Libya|Libya]]). At their peak, the Karamanlis' influence reached [[Place:Cyrenaica|Cyrenaica]] and Fezzan, covering most of Libya. The founder of the dynasty was Pasha Ahmed Karamanli, a descendant of the Karamanids.
| 1711–1835
| [[Place:Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]
| [[File:Map of traditional provinces of Libye-en.svg|90px]]
|}

=== Indian subcontinent ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!style="width:17em"|Name
!Notes
!style="width:7em"| Years
!style="width:20em"| Capital
!style="width:20em"| Map
|-
| Mamluk dynasty
| Mamluk Dynasty was directed into Northern India by Qutb al-Din Aibak, a Turkic Mamluk slave general from [[Place:Central Asia|Central Asia]]. The Mamluk Dynasty ruled from 1206 to 1290.<ref name=JE_Walsh_68-70>Walsh, pp. 68–70</ref><ref name=C_Anzalone_100>Anzalone, p. 100</ref><ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=72–80}}</ref>
| 1206–1290
| Lahore (1206–1210), [[Place:Delhi|Delhi]] (1210–1290)
| [[File:Mamluk dynasty 1206 - 1290 ad.GIF|90px]]
|-
| [[History:Qarlughids|Qarlughid Dynasty]]
|
| 1224–1266
| Ghazna, [[Place:Bamyan|Binban]]
|
|-
| [[History:Khalji dynasty|Khalji dynasty]]
|A Turko-Pashtun Dynasty
| 1290–1320
| [[Place:Delhi|Delhi]]
| [[File:Delhi Sultanate under Khalji dynasty - based on A Historical Atlas of South Asia.svg|90px]]
|-	
| Tughlaq dynasty<ref name=whunter>William Hunter (1903), {{Google books|5IQqAAAAYAAJ|A Brief History of the Indian Peoples|page=124}}, 23rd Edition, pp. 124–127</ref>	
|
| 1320–1414
| [[Place:Delhi|Delhi]]	
| [[File:Tughlaq dynasty 1321 - 1398 ad.PNG|90px]]
|-
|  [[History:Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
|
| 1518–1687
| Golconda (1519–1591), [[Place:Hyderabad|Hyderabad]] (1591–1687)
| [[File:Deccan sultanates 1490 - 1687 ad.png|90px]]
|-
| Tarkhan dynasty
|
| 1554–1591
| Sindh
| 
|}

== Sinicized Turkic dynasties ==
The Shatuo Turks founded several sinicized dynasties in northern China during the [[History:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period|Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]]. The official language of these dynasties was [[Social:Chinese language|Chinese]] and they used Chinese titles and names.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!style="width:7em"|Name
!Notes
!style="width:7em"| Years
!style="width:9em"| Capital
!style="width:10em"|Map
|-
| Great Yan
| General An Lushan rebelled against Tang dynasty
| 756–763
| Luoyang (756–757), Yecheng (757–759), Fanyang (759), Luoyang (759–762)
|
|-
| Later Tang
|
| 923–936
| Daming (923), Luoyang (923–936)
| [[File:五代后唐（繁）.png|90px]]
|-
| Later Jin<ref>{{harvnb|''Wudai Shi''|loc=[http://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/舊五代史/卷75 ch. 75.]}} Considering the father was originally called Nieliji without a surname, the fact that his patrilineal ancestors all had Chinese names here indicates that these names were probably all created posthumously after Shi Jingtang became a "Chinese" emperor. Shi Jingtang actually claimed to be a descendant of Chinese historical figures Shi Que and Shi Fen, and insisted that his ancestors went westwards towards non-Han Chinese area during the political chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty in the early 3rd century.</ref>
|The Later Jin founder, Shi Jingtang, claimed patrilineal Han Chinese ancestry.
| 936–947
| Taiyuan (936), Luoyang (937), Kaifeng (937–947)
| [[File:L.LIANG.jpg|90px]]
|-
| Later Han
|Sources conflict as to the origin of the Later Han and Northern Han Emperors; some indicate Shatuo ancestry while another claims that the Emperors claimed patrilineal Han Chinese ancestry.<ref name="vol. 1">According to ''Old History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 99, and ''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 10. Liu Zhiyuan was of Shatuo origin. According to ''Wudai Huiyao'', [https://archive.org/stream/06049337.cn#page/n30/mode/2up vol. 1] Liu Zhiyuan's great-great-grandfather Liu Tuan (劉湍) (titled as Emperor Mingyuan posthumously, granted the temple name of Wenzu) descended from Liu Bing (劉昞), Prince of Huaiyang, a son of Emperor Ming of Han</ref>
| 947–951
| Kaifeng
| [[File:Later Han.png|100px]]
|-
| [[History:Northern Han|Northern Han]]
|Same family as Later Han. Sources conflict as to the origin of the Later Han and Northern Han Emperors; some indicate Shatuo ancestry while another claims that the Emperors claimed patrilineal Han Chinese ancestry.<ref name="vol. 1" />
| 951–979
| Taiyuan
| [[File:Later Zhou.png|100px]]
|}

== Turko-Persian states ==

The Turco-Persian tradition was an Islamic tradition of the interpretation of literary forms, practiced and patronized by Turkic rulers and speakers. Many Turko-Persian states were founded in modern-day Eastern Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.<ref>Lewis, Bernard. "Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire", p29. Published 1963, University of Oklahoma Press. {{ISBN|0-8061-1060-0}}.</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!style="width:17em"|Name
!style="width:17em"|Notes
!style="width:7em"| Years
!style="width:20em"| Capital
!style="width:20em"| Map
|-
|   [[History:Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Empire]]
|Ruled by a thoroughly [[Social:Persianization|Persianized]] family of Turkic ''mamluk'' origin<ref name="Shahrbanu">M.A. Amir-Moezzi, ''"Shahrbanu"'', Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, ([http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/ot_grp7/ot_shahrbanu_20050131.html LINK] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311062248/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/ot_grp7/ot_shahrbanu_20050131.html |date=2007-03-11 }}): ''"... here one might bear in mind that non-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Saljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints ..."''</ref><ref>Muhammad Qāsim Hindū Šāh Astarābādī Firištah, ''"History Of The Mohamedan Power In India"'', Chapter I, ''"Sultān Mahmūd-e Ghaznavī"'', p.27: ''"... "Sabuktegin, the son of Jūkān, the son of Kuzil-Hukum, the son of Kuzil-Arslan, the son of Fīrūz, the son of Yezdijird, king of Persia. ..."''</ref>
| 962–1186
| Ghazna (977–1163), Lahore (1163–1186)
| [[File:Ghaznavid Empire 975 - 1187 (AD).PNG|90px]]
|-
|  Seljuk Empire
|Ruled by Qiniq branch<ref>Jonathan Dewald, "Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World", Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, p. 24</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Jackson |first=P. |year=2002 |title=Review: The History of the Seljuq Turkmens: The History of the Seljuq Turkmens |journal=Journal of Islamic Studies |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=75–76 |doi=10.1093/jis/13.1.75 |publisher=Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies }}</ref> of Oghuz Turks.<ref name="Shahrbanu" /><ref name="Alp-Arslan">K.A. Luther, "Alp Arslān" in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, ([http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v1f8/v1f8a142a.html LINK]): ''"... Saljuq activity must always be viewed both in terms of the wishes of the sultan and his Khorasanian, Sunni advisors, especially Nezām-al-molk ..."''</ref><ref name="britannica">[[Encyclopædia Britannica]], ''"Seljuq"'', Online Edition, ([http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066688 LINK]): ''"... Because the Turkish Seljuqs had no Islamic tradition or strong literary heritage of their own, they adopted the cultural language of their Persian instructors in Islam. Literary Persian thus spread to the whole of Iran, and the Arabic language disappeared in that country except in works of religious scholarship ..."''</ref><ref name="iranica">O.Özgündenli, ''"Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries"'', Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, ([http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/ot_grp7/ot_pers_mss_ott_20050106.html LINK] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122005207/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/ot_grp7/ot_pers_mss_ott_20050106.html |date=2012-01-22 }})</ref>
| 1037–1194
| Nishapur (1037–1043), Ray (1043–1051), [[Place:Isfahan|Isfahan]] (1051–1118), [[Place:Hamadan|Hamadan]] (Western capital, 1118–1194) [[Place:Merv|Merv]] (Eastern capital, 1118–1153)
| [[File:Seljuk Empire locator map.svg|90px]]
|-
| Kerman Seljuk Sultanate
| 
| 1041–1187
| Kerman
| [[File:Kerman Seljuk.png|90px]]
|-
|  Sultanate of Rum
| Persianized Oghuz Turkic dynasty<ref>1.Bernard Lewis, ''Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire'', 29; "''Even when the land of Rum became politically independent, it remained a colonial extension of Turco-Persian culture which had its centers in Iran and Central Asia''","''The literature of Seljuk Anatolia was almost entirely in Persian...''".<br /></ref>
| 1077–1307
| [[Place:Nicaea|Nicaea]] (1077–1096), Iconium (1096–1308), Sebastia (1211–1220)

| [[File:Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate.JPG|90px]]
|-
|  Khwarazmian dynasty
|Ruled by a family of Turkic ''mamluk'' origin.<ref name="M. Ismail Marcinkowski 2003">M. Ismail Marcinkowski, Persian Historiography and Geography: Bertold Spuler on Major Works Produced in Iran, the Caucasus, Central Asia, India and Early Ottoman Turkey, with a foreword by Professor Clifford Edmund Bosworth'', member of the British Academy, Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 2003, {{ISBN|9971-77-488-7}}.''</ref>
| 1077–1231/1256
| Gurganj (1077–1212), [[Place:Samarkand|Samarkand]] (1212–1220), Ghazna (1220–1221), [[Place:Tabriz|Tabriz]] (1225–1231)
| [[File:Khwarezmian Empire 1190 - 1220 (AD).PNG|90px]]
|}

== Turco-Mongol states ==
[[Social:Turco-Mongol tradition|Turco-Mongol]] is a term describing the synthesis of Mongol and Turkic cultures by several states of Mongol origin throughout [[Earth:Eurasian Steppe|Eurasia]]. These states adopted [[Social:Turkic languages|Turkic languages]], either among the populace or among the elite, and converted to Islam, but retained Mongol political and legal institutions.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:17em" |Name
! style="width:7em" | Years
! style="width:20em" | Capital
| style="width:20em" | '''Notes'''
! style="width:20em" | Map

|-
| [[Place:Tatar confederation|Tatar confederation]]
| 8th century-1202
| 
|
| [[File:Mongol Empire c.1207.png|90px]]
|-
| [[Place:Chagatai Khanate|Chagatai Khanate]]
| 1225–1340s
| [[Place:Almaliq, Xinjiang|Almaliq]], Qarshi
|
| [[File:ChagataiKhanate1300.png|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Golden Horde flag 1339.svg|50px]] [[Place:Golden Horde|Golden Horde]]
| 1240s–1502
| Sarai Batu
| Founded as an appanage of the Mongol Empire, the Golden Horde gradually became Turkicized after the Empire's fragmentation
| [[File:GoldenHorde1300.png|90px]]
|-
| Sufids
| 1361–1379
|
|
|
|-
| [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|50x50px]] Mughal Empire
| 1526–1857
| [[Place:Agra|Agra]] 1526–1571, Fatehpur Sikri 1571–1585, Lahore 1585–1598, [[Place:Agra|Agra]] 1598–1648, Shahjahanabad/[[Place:Delhi|Delhi]] 1648–1857
| Founded by Turco-Mongol ruler Babur, adopted the Persian language in later periods.<ref name="Thackston 1996">Thackston 1996</ref><ref name="Findley 2005">Findley 2005</ref><ref name="Saunders 1970, p.177">Saunders 1970, p.177</ref><ref name=Ucalgary>{{cite web|url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/timurid.html |title=The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Tamarind Empire) |publisher=Ucalgary.ca |access-date=2011-07-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816204247/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/timurid.html |archive-date=2009-08-16 }}; {{cite web|url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ |title=The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Great Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire) |publisher=Ucalgary.ca |access-date=2011-07-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927121217/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ |archive-date=2011-09-27 }}</ref>
| [[File:The Mughal Empire.jpg|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Timurid.svg|50x50px]][[Place:Timurid Empire|Timurid Empire]]
| 1370–1506
| [[Place:Samarkand|Samarkand]] 1370–1505, [[Place:Herat|Herat]] 1505–1507
| Belonging to [[Place:Barlas|Barlas]] were a Mongol and later Turkicized nomadic confederation in Central Asia.
| [[File:Das Reich Timur-i Lenks (1365-1405).GIF|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara.svg|49x49px]] Shaybanid Khanate
| 1428–1599
| [[Place:Samarkand|Samarkand]]
|
|
|-

| [[File:Flag of the Kazan Khanate.svg|50px]] Khanate of Kazan
| 1438–1552
| Kazan
|
| [[File:KazanKhanate1500.png|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Gerae-tamga.svg|50px]] Crimean Khanate
| 1441–1783
| Bakhchisaray
| Crimean Khanate was established by Hacı I Giray, a descendant of Toqa Temür, thirteenth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan.
| [[File:Crimean Khanate 1600.gif|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Nogai flag.svg|50x50px]] Nogai Khanate
| 1440s–1634
| Saray-Jük
| Founded by Nogay Khan, a direct descendant of Genghis Khan through Jochi, formed an army of the Manghits joined by numerous Turkic tribes. A century later the Nogays were led by Edigu, a commander of Manghit paternal origin and Jochid maternal origin.<ref>Khodarkovsky, Russia's Steppe Frontier p. 9</ref>
| [[File:Nogay Horde.svg|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Kazakh Khanate.svg|50px]] [[Place:Kazakh Khanate|Kazakh Khanate]]
| 1456–1847
| Turkistan
| Founded by Kerei Khan and Janibek Khan, descendants of the thirteenth son of Jochi, Toqa Timur.
| [[File:Map of the Kazakh Khanate 18th century.png |90px]]
|-
| [[Place:Great Horde|Great Horde]]
| 1466–1502
| Sarai
|
| [[File:Wielka Orda.svg|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Astrakhan.png|55x55px]] Astrakhan Khanate
| 1466–1556
| Xacitarxan
|
| [[File:Astrakhan Khanate map.svg|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Flag of Siberian Khanate.svg|90px]]
[[History:Khanate of Sibir|Khanate of Sibir]]
| 1490–1598
| Tyumen until 1493, Qashliq from 1493
|
| [[File:Siberian Khanate map English revised.svg|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara.svg|50x50px]] [[Place:Khanate of Bukhara|Khanate of Bukhara]]
| 1500–1785
| [[Place:Bukhara|Bukhara]]
|
| [[File:Bukhara1600.png|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Flag of the Khanate of Khiva.svg|50px]] Khanate of Khiva
| Yadigarids: 1511–1804<ref>Compiled after Y. Bregel, ed. (1999), ''Firdaws al-iqbal; History of Khorezm''. Leiden: Brill.</ref> Qungrats 1804–1920
| Khiva
|
| [[File:Хивинское ханство.png|90px]]
|-
| Yarkent Khanate
| 1514–1705
| Yarkent
|
| [[File:Yarkent Khanate.jpg|90px]]
|-
| Arghun dynasty
| 1520–1554
| Bukkur
|
|
|-
| Lesser Nogai Horde
| 1449 or 1557–1783
| Voli Sarai
|
|
|-
| Budjak Horde
| 17th century–18th century
|
|
| [[File:Ukraine-Budzhak.png|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Flag of the Turkestan (Kokand) Autonomy.svg|50px]] Khanate of Kokand
| 1709–1876
| Kokand
|
| [[File:Kokand1850.png|90px]]
|-
| [[File:Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara.svg|50px]] [[Place:Emirate of Bukhara|Emirate of Bukhara]]
| 1785–1920
| [[Place:Bukhara|Bukhara]]
|
| [[File:Bukhara1850.png|90px]]
|}

== Vassal khanates ==
The following list is only of vassal khanates of Turkic origin, which were ruled by of another descent peoples.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:17em" |Name
!Notes
! style="width:7em" | Years
! style="width:20em" | Capital
! style="width:20em" | Map
|-
| Qasim Khanate
| Turco-Mongol state
| 1452–1681
| Kasimov
| [[File:Qasim scheme.svg|90px]]
|-
| [[History:Kumul Khanate|Kumul Khanate]]
| Turco-Mongol state
| 1696–1930
| Hami City
| [[File:China Xinjiang Hami.svg|90px]]
|}

== Former Provisional Governments and Republics ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-  style="background:#ececec; text-align:center;"
!| Name
!Notes||Years || Capital||Map
|-
| Comrat Republic
|
| 1906
| Comrat
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of TRWT.svg}} Provisional Government of Western Thrace later Independent Government of Western Thrace
| Republic of Western Thrace was a small, short-lived partially recognised republic established in Western Thrace from August 31 to October 25, 1913. It encompassed the area surrounded by the rivers Maritsa (Evros) in the east, Mesta (Nestos) in the west, the  Rhodope Mountains in the north and the Aegean Sea in the south. Its total territory was c. 8.600&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cangelaris.com/exmuh.htm |title=Panayotis D. Cangelaris – The Western Thrace Autonomous Government "Muhtariyet" Issue (1913) Philatelic Exhibit |website=Cangelaris.com |access-date=2016-09-25}}</ref>
| 1913
| [[Place:Komotini|Komotini]]
| [[File:Independent Government of Western Thrace.png|90px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg}} Crimean People's Republic
| Crimean People's Republic existed from December 1917 to January 1918 in Crimea. Crimean People's Republic was the first Turkic and Muslim democratic republic in the history.
| 1917–1918
| Bakhchysarai
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Idel-Ural State.svg|100px}} [[Place:Idel-Ural State|Idel-Ural State]]
|
| 1917–1918
|
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Alash Autonomy Flag.png|100px}} [[Place:Alash Autonomy|Alash Autonomy]]
| A provisional autonomous Kazakh-Kyrgyz administration. Later integrated into Soviet Union under Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic umbrella.
| 1917–1920
| Semey
| [[File:Political map of Central Asia in 1918.png|90px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Confederated Republic of Altai.svg|100px}}{{flagicon image|Confederated Republic of Altai (1921-1922).svg|100px}} [[Place:Karakorum Government|Karakorum-Altai Government]] or Confederated Republic of Altai
|
| 1918–1922
|
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Aras.svg}} Republic of Aras
|
| 1918–1919
| Nakhchivan (city)
| [[File:Araz Türk Cümhuriyyəti.jpg|90px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the South West Caucasian Republic.svg}} Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus
|
| 1918–1919
| Kars
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Azerbaijan.svg}} [[Place:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]]
|
| 1918–1920
| Ganja, Azerbaijan until Sep 1918, [[Place:Baku|Baku]]
| [[File:1ST AZ REP.GIF|90px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Ottoman flag alternative 2.svg}} Government of the Grand National Assembly
| Government of the Grand National Assembly, also called Ankara Government was a provisional and revolutionary Turkish government based in [[Place:Ankara|Ankara]] during the Turkish War of Independence. It was succeeded by [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]] after the Treaty of Lausanne.
| 1920–1923
| [[Place:Ankara|Ankara]]
| [[File:Treaty of Sèvres 1920.svg|90px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1933-1939).svg}} People's Republic of Tannu Tuva
|
| 1921–1944
| Kyzyl
| [[File:Tuwakarte2.png|90px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the First East Turkestan Republic.svg}} First East Turkestan Republic
| First East Turkestan Republic was a short-lived breakaway would-be Islamic republic founded in 1933.  It was centered on the city of [[Place:Kashgar|Kashgar]] in what is today the People's Republic of China-administered Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
| 1933–1934
| [[Place:Kashgar|Kashgar]]
| [[File:First ETR in China.svg|90px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Hatay flag.svg}} Republic of Hatay
| Hatay State, also known informally as the Republic of Hatay, was a transitional political entity that existed from September 7, 1938, to June 29, 1939, in the territory of the Sanjak of Alexandretta of the French Mandate of Syria. The state was transformed de jure into the [[Place:Hatay Province|Hatay Province]] of Turkey on July 7, 1939, de facto joining the country on July 23, 1939.
| 1938–1939
| Antakya
| [[File:French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon map en.svg|90px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Second East Turkestan Republic.svg}} East Turkistan Republic
|
| 1944–1949
| Ghulja
| [[File:Second ETR in China.svg|90px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan people%27s government flag.svg}} Azerbaijan People's Government
| Established in Iranian Azerbaijan, the APG's capital was the city of [[Place:Tabriz|Tabriz]].  Its establishment and demise were a part of the Iran crisis, which was a precursor to the [[History:Cold War|Cold War]].
| 1945–1946
| [[Place:Tabriz|Tabriz]]
| [[File:Republic of mahabad and south azerbaijan 1945 1946.png|90px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Turkey.svg|100px}} Turkish Cypriot General Committee<ref name= Meclis>[http://www.cm.gov.nc.tr/GecmisYonetim.aspx] ''KIBRIS'TA ESKİ YÖNETİMLER''</ref>
|
| 1963–1967
| [[Place:Nicosia|Nicosia]]
| [[File:NCyprus location.svg|90px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Turkey.svg|100px}} Provisional Cypriot Turkish Administration<ref name=Meclis/>
|
| 1967–1974
| [[Place:Nicosia|Nicosia]]
| [[File:NCyprus location.svg|90px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Turkey.svg|100px}} Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration
|
| 1974–1975
| [[Place:Nicosia|Nicosia]]
| [[File:NCyprus location.svg|90px]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Turkey.svg|100px}} Turkish Federated State of Cyprus
| Was declared in 1975 and existing until 1983. It was not recognised by the international community. It was succeeded by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
| 1975–1983
| [[Place:Nicosia|Nicosia]]
| [[File:NCyprus location.svg|90px]]
|-
| Gagauz Republic
|
| 1990–1994
| Komrat
| [[File:Gagauz rebublic.png|90px]]
|}

=== Soviet Republics ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-  style="background:#ececec; text-align:center;"
!| Name
!Notes||Years ||Map|| Capital
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Khiva 1920-1923.svg}} Khorezm People's Soviet Republic
|
| 1920–1924
| [[File:SovietCentralAsia1922.svg|90px]]
| Khiva
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.svg}} [[Place:Bukharan People's Soviet Republic|Bukharan People's Soviet Republic]]
|
| 1920–1924
| [[File:SovietCentralAsia1922.svg|90px]]
| [[Place:Bukhara|Bukhara]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Azerbaijan SSR.svg}} Azerbaijan SSR
|
| 1920–1991
| [[File:Soviet Union - Azerbaijan SSR.svg|90px]]
| [[Place:Baku|Baku]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Uzbek SSR.svg}} Uzbek SSR
|
| 1924–1991
| [[File:Soviet Union - Uzbek SSR.svg|90px]]
| [[Place:Samarkand|Samarkand]] 1924–1930, [[Place:Tashkent|Tashkent]] 1930–1991
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Turkmen SSR.svg}} Turkmen SSR
|
| 1924–1991
| [[File:Soviet Union - Turkmen SSR.svg|90px]]
| [[Place:Ashgabat|Ashgabat]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Kazakh SSR.svg}} Kazakh SSR
|
| 1936–1991
| [[File:Soviet Union - Kazakh SSR.svg|90px]]
| [[Place:Almaty|Almaty]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Kyrgyz SSR.svg}} Kyrgyz SSR
|
| 1936–1991
| [[File:Soviet Union - Kirghiz SSR.svg|90px]]
| [[Place:Bishkek|Bishkek]]
|}

=== Autonomous Soviet Republics ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-  style="background:#ececec; text-align:center;"
!| Name
!Notes||Years ||Map|| Capital
|-
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Turkestan ASSR (1919-1921).svg}} Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
|
| 1918–1924
| [[File:SovietCentralAsia1922.svg|90px]]
| [[Place:Tashkent|Tashkent]]
|-
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Bashkir ASSR.svg}} Bashkir ASSR
|
| 1919–1990
| [[File:BASSR 1927.JPG|90px]]
| Ufa
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Kirghiz ASSR (1920-25).svg}} Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic
|
| 1920–1925
| [[File:SovietCentralAsia1922.svg|90px]]
| Orenburg
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Tatar ASSR.svg}} Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
|
| 1920–1990
|
| Kazan
|-
|  {{flagicon image|Flag of Yakut ASSR 1978.svg}} Yakut ASSR
|
|  1922–1991
|[[File:Flag-map of Yakut ASSR.svg|60x60px]]
| Yakutsk
|-
|  Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
|
|  1921–1924
| [[File:Map of Mountain ASSR.png|90px]]
| Vladikavkaz
|-
|  {{flagicon image|Flag of Nakhichevan ASSR.svg}} Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
|
|  1921–1990
| [[File:265nakhichevan-assr.gif|90px]]
| Nakhchivan (city)
|-
|  {{flagicon image|Kazak 1920.jpg}} Kazak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic
|
|  1925–1936
| [[File:Карта КАССР.png|90px]]
| [[Place:Almaty|Almaty]]
|-
|  {{flagicon image|Flag of Chuvash ASSR.svg}} Chuvash ASSR
|
|  1925–1992
|
| Cheboksary
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Karakalpak ASSR.svg}} Karakalpak ASSR
|
| 1932–1992
|
| Nukus
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Kabarda-Balkaria ASSR 1978.svg}} Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
|
| 1936–1991
| [[File:Russia - Kabardino-Balkar Republic (2008-01).svg|90px]]
| Nalchik
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Kabarda-Balkaria ASSR 1978.svg}} Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
|
| 1944–1957
|
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Crimean ASSR (1939).svg}} Crimean ASSR
|
| 1921–1945
|
| Simferopol
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Tuvan ASSR (1978-1992).svg|100px}} Tuvan ASSR
|
| 1961–1992
| [[File:Tuwakarte2.png|90px]]
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Russian SFSR.svg}} Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
|
| 1990–1992
| [[File:Map of Russia - Altai Republic (2008-03).svg|90px]]
| Gorno-Altaysk
|}

=== Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-  style="background:#ececec; text-align:center;"
!| Name
!Notes||Years ||Map|| Capital
|-
| Chuvash Autonomous Oblast
|
| 1920–1925
|
| Cheboksary
|-
| Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Oblast
|
| 1921–1936
|
| Nalchik
|-
| Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast
|
| 1922–1926
| Cherkessk
|
|-
| Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast
|
| 1922–1991
|
|
|-
| Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast
|
| 1924–1936
|
| [[Place:Bishkek|Bishkek]]
|-
| Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast
|
| 1925–1932
|
| To‘rtko‘l
|-
| Karachay Autonomous Oblast
|
| 1926–1957
| [[File:Karachay.JPG|90px]]
| Mikoyan Shakhar
|-
| Khakassian Autonomous Oblast
|
| 1930–1992
|
|
|-
| Tuvan Autonomous Oblast
|
| 1944–1961
| [[File:Uryankhay-Tuva AO.png|90px]]
| Kyzyl
|}

== See also ==
*List of Turkic monarchs
*[[Social:Comparison of the Turkic states|Comparison of the Turkic states]]
*Turkic peoples
*Turkic migration
*Turkic tribal confederations
*Timeline of the Turkic peoples (500–1300)
*[[Social:Turkification|Turkification]]
**[[Religion:Turkic settlement of the Tarim Basin|Turkic settlement of the Tarim Basin]]
*[[Social:Turco-Mongol tradition|Turco-Mongol tradition]]
*Turco-Persian tradition
*[[Social:Nomadic empire|Nomadic empire]]
*Eurasian nomads

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
*Finkel, Caroline, "Osman's Dream, History of the Ottoman Empire 1300–1923", 2005, John Murray {{ISBN|0-465-02396-7}}
*Findley, C.V., ''The Turks in World History'', 2005, Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-517726-6}}
*Forbes Manz, B., ''The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane'', 2002, Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-63384-2}}
*Hupchick, D.P., ''The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism'', 2002, Palgrave Macmillan. {{ISBN|1-4039-6417-3}}
*Lewis, Bernard. "Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire", 1963, University of Oklahoma Press. {{ISBN|0-8061-1060-0}}.
*Saunders, J.J., ''The History of the Mongol Conquests'', 2001, Routledge & Kegan Ltd. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-1766-7}}
*Thackston, W.M., ''The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor'', 2002, Modern Library. {{ISBN|978-0-375-76137-9}}
*Vásáry, I., ''Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365'', 2005, Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-83756-9}}
*{{cite book |access-date= 8 February 2012|title=The role of women in the Altaic world: Permanent International Altaistic Conference, 44th meeting, Walberberg, 26–31 August 2001|editor=Veronika Veit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OBEIq8kTQBcC|edition=illustrated|volume=152 of Asiatische Forschungen|year=2007|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05537-6}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Turkic states and empires}}
[[Category:Eurasia]]

{{Sourceattribution|List of Turkic dynasties and countries|1}}