View source for Earth:List of new islands

Below is a ''' list of new islands''' created since the beginning of the 20th century by volcanism, [[Earth:Erosion|erosion]], [[Earth:Retreat of glaciers since 1850|glacial retreat]], or other mechanisms. One of the most famous new volcanic islands is the small island of [[Earth:Surtsey|Surtsey]], located in the [[Earth:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] south of Iceland. It first emerged from the ocean surface in 1963. Two years later, Surtsey was declared a nature reserve for the study of [[Earth:Ecological succession|ecological succession]]; plants, insects, birds, seals, and other forms of life have since established themselves on the island.

Another noted new island is Anak Krakatau (the so-called "child of Krakatoa", which formed in the flooded [[Earth:Caldera|caldera]] of that notorious volcano in Indonesia), which emerged only in 1930. Ample rainforests have grown there, but they are often destroyed by frequent [[Earth:Volcano|eruptions]]. A population of many wild animals, including insects, birds, humanborne rats, and even monitor lizards, have also settled there.

Uunartoq Qeqertoq is an island off the east coast of [[Place:Greenland|Greenland]] that appeared to have split from the mainland because of [[Earth:Glacial motion|glacial retreat]] between 2002 and 2005; however, it is believed to have been a true island, with or without glacial covering, for many thousands of years.

In February and March 2009, a vigorous eruption created a new island<ref>{{cite news |first=Jenny |last=Percival |title=Underwater volcano creates new island off Tonga |work=The Guardian |date=21 March 2009 |accessdate=29 July 2009 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/21/tonga-volcano-island-nuku-alofa }}</ref> near Hunga Ha'apai in the Tongan Islands of the southwest [[Earth:Pacific Ocean|Pacific]]. By the end of the activity, however, the new land mass was connected to Hunga Ha'apai.<ref>{{cite gvp|vnum=0403-04=&volpage=var|title=Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai}}</ref> Similar activity occurred again in December 2014 and January 2015.

On September 24, 2013 a new island Zalzala Koh emerged off the coast of Gwadar, as a result of a strong earthquake that hit south and southwest Pakistan measuring 7.8 on the Richter magnitude scale.<ref>{{cite web|title=Island emerges near Gwadar coast after earthquake|url=http://www.geo.tv/article-119677-Island-emerges-near-Gwadar-coast-after-earthquake/|publisher=Geo TV Network|accessdate=21 November 2013|date=September 24, 2013}}</ref>

On November 21, 2013 an unnamed islet emerged off the coast of [[Earth:Nishinoshima (Ogasawara)|Nishinoshima]], a small, uninhabited island in the Ogasawara chain, which is also known as the Bonin Islands. Less than four days after the new islet's emergence, it was about {{convert|200|m|ft}} in diameter.<ref name="nishinoshima">{{cite news|last=Kurtenbach|first=Elaine|title=Volcano raises new island far south of Japan|url=http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2022309506_apxjapannewisland.html|accessdate=23 November 2013|newspaper=Seattle Times|date=22 November 2013}}</ref>

==List of recently created islands==
This is a list of new islands that formed during the 20th and the 21st centuries.  Of those formed by submarine volcanoes, only Anak Krakatau and Surtsey are currently islands, and Surtsey is the only one that is expected to survive. Ilha Nova is now connected to Faial Island. Newly created landmass adjacent to Nishinoshima is now connected to Nishinoshima.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the island
! Country
! Land formation year(s)

|-
| [[Earth:Metis Shoal|Metis Shoal]]
| {{TON}}
| 2019, 1995–2019, 1979, 1967–68<ref>{{cite gvp|vn=243070|name=Metis Shoal}}</ref>
|- 
| Shelly Island
| {{USA}}
| 2017-2018<ref>{{cite web|title=Volcanic eruption ends, leaving tiny ash island|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/shelly-island-new-cape-point-bermuda-triangle-dangerous-buxton-north-carolina-a7816501.html|work=The Independent |accessdate=30 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wwaytv3.com/2018/03/09/shelly-island-is-no-longer-an-island-nasa-says/|title=Shelly Island is no longer an island, NASA says - WWAY TV|last=TV3|first=WWAY|date=2018-03-09|work=WWAY TV|access-date=2018-07-11|language=en-US}}</ref>
|- 
| [[Earth:Hunga Tonga|Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai]]
| {{TON}}
| 2014–15, 2009<ref>{{cite web|title=Volcanic eruption ends, leaving tiny ash island|url=http://matangitonga.to/2015/01/26/volcanic-eruption-ends-leaving-tiny-ash-island|work=Matangi Tonga Online |accessdate=2 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| Jadid Island
| {{YEM}}
| 2013<ref name="Red Sea Parts for 2 New Islands">{{Cite web|title=Red Sea Parts for 2 New Islands|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/red-sea-parts-for-2-new-islands|first1=Becky|last1=Oskin|last2=SPACE.com|website=Scientific American|date=May 30, 2015|accessdate = 2015-07-31}}</ref>
|-
|[[Earth:Nishinoshima (Ogasawara)#Etymology|Nishinoshima Shintō]]
| {{JPN}}
| 2013–15, 1973–74<ref name="Japan Coast Guard Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department">{{cite web|title=Nishonoshima |url=http://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/GIJUTSUKOKUSAI/kaiikiDB/kaiyo18-2.htm|work=Volcano database |author=Japan Coast Guard Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department |accessdate=25 November 2013|language=Japanese}}</ref>
|-
| Zalzala Koh
| {{PAK}}
| 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=Experts say Gwadar island spewing methane|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-119806-Gwadar-island-spewing-methane:-Experts-|accessdate=21 November 2013|date=September 25, 2013}}</ref>; disappeared 2016<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/lists/new-volcanic-islands-emerged/|title=Meet the new islands that have emerged in the last decade|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2018-10-24|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
| Sholan Island
| {{YEM}}
| 2011<ref name="Red Sea Parts for 2 New Islands"/>
|-
| [[Earth:Malan Island|Malan Island]], Balochistan
| {{PAK}}
| 2010, 2004, 1999<ref>{{cite web|last=Baloch|first=Shahzad|title=Mud volcano surfaces along Balochistan coast|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/82150/new-island-emerges-from-the-depths/|accessdate=21 November 2013|date=27 November 2010}}</ref>
|-
| [[Earth:Home Reef|Home Reef]]
| {{TON}}
| 2006, 1984<ref>{{cite gvp|vn=243080|name=Home Reef}}</ref>
|-
| [[Earth:Uunartoq Qeqertaq|Uunartoq Qeqertaq]]
| {{GRL}}
| 2005
|-
| Norderoogsand
| {{GER}}
| 1999<ref>{{cite news|title=New island appears off coast of Germany|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/9792843/New-island-appears-off-coast-of-Germany.html|accessdate=21 November 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=January 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[Earth:Kavachi|Kavachi]]
| {{SOL}}
| 1999–2003, 1991, 1986, 1978, 1976, 1969–70, 1965, 1963–64, 1961, 1958, 1952–53<ref>{{cite gvp|vn=255060|name=Kavachi}}</ref>
|-
|Kuwae
|{{VAN}}
| 1974, 1971, 1959, 1949, 1948, 1923–25<ref>{{cite gvp|vn=257070|name=Kuwae}}</ref>
|-
| [[Earth:Fukutoku-Okanoba|Fukutoku-Okanoba]]
| {{JPN}}
| 1986, 1974–75, 1914, 1904–05<ref>{{cite gvp|vn=284130|name=Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba}}</ref>
|-
| [[Earth:Jólnir|Jólnir]]
| {{ISL}}
| 1965–66<ref>[http://www.surtsey.is/pp_ens/gen_3.htm The Surtsey Research Society, ''The Surtsey Eruption 1963-1967'']</ref>
|-
| [[Earth:Surtsey|Surtsey]]
| {{ISL}}
| 1963–67<ref>{{cite gvp|vn=372010|name=Vestmannaeyjar}}</ref>
|-
| Tigres Island
| {{ANG}}
| 1962<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.redeangola.info/roteiros/baia-dos-tigres|title=Baía dos Tigres|website=www.redeangola.info|access-date=2017-09-27}}</ref>
|-
| Sandy Point
| {{CAN}}
| 1960s
|-
| Ilha Nova (Capelinhos)
| {{POR}}
| 1957–58<ref>{{cite gvp|vn=382010|name=Ilha Nova}}</ref>
|-
| Myōjin-shō
| {{JPN}}
| 1952–53, 1946<ref>{{cite gvp|vn=284070|name=Myojinsho}}</ref>
|-
| Shōwa Iōjima
| {{JPN}}
| 1934<ref>{{cite gvp|vn=282060|name=Kikai}}</ref>
|-
| Anak Krakatau
| {{IDN}}
| 1927–30<ref>{{cite gvp|vn=262000|title=Krakatau}}</ref>
|-
| [[Earth:Fonuafo'ou|Fonuafo'ou]]
| {{TON}}
| 1927–28<ref>{{cite gvp|vn=243050|title=Falcon Island}}</ref>
|-
| Banua Wuhu
| {{IDN}}
| 1918–19, 1904<ref>{{cite gvp|vn=267030|name=Banua Wuhu}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:New Islands, List Of}}
[[Category:Volcanology]]

{{Sourceattribution|List of new islands|1}}