Earth:List of new islands

Below is a list of new islands created since the beginning of the 20th century by volcanism, erosion, glacial retreat, or other mechanisms. One of the most famous new volcanic islands is the small island of Surtsey, located in the Atlantic Ocean south of Iceland. It first emerged from the ocean surface in 1963. Two years later, Surtsey was declared a nature reserve for the study of ecological succession; plants, insects, birds, seals, and other forms of life have since established themselves on the island.

Another noted new island is Anak Krakatau (the so-called "child of Krakatoa", which formed in the flooded caldera of that notorious volcano in Indonesia), which emerged only in 1930. Ample rainforests have grown there, but they are often destroyed by frequent eruptions. A population of many wild animals, including insects, birds, humanborne rats, and even monitor lizards, have also settled there.

Uunartoq Qeqertoq is an island off the east coast of Greenland that appeared to have split from the mainland because of glacial retreat between 2002 and 2005; however, it is believed to have been a true island, with or without glacial covering, for many thousands of years.

In February and March 2009, a vigorous eruption created a new island^[1] near Hunga Ha'apai in the Tongan Islands of the southwest Pacific. By the end of the activity, however, the new land mass was connected to Hunga Ha'apai.^[2] Similar activity occurred again in December 2014 and January 2015.

On September 24, 2013 a new island Zalzala Koh emerged off the coast of Gwadar, as a result of a strong earthquake that hit south and southwest Pakistan measuring 7.8 on the Richter magnitude scale.^[3]

On November 21, 2013 an unnamed islet emerged off the coast of Nishinoshima, a small, uninhabited island in the Ogasawara chain, which is also known as the Bonin Islands. Less than four days after the new islet's emergence, it was about 200 metres (660 ft) in diameter.^[4]

List of recently created islands

This is a list of new islands that formed during the 20th and the 21st centuries. Of those formed by submarine volcanoes, only Anak Krakatau and Surtsey are currently islands, and Surtsey is the only one that is expected to survive. Ilha Nova is now connected to Faial Island. Newly created landmass adjacent to Nishinoshima is now connected to Nishinoshima.

Name of the island	Country	Land formation year(s)
Metis Shoal	Tonga	2019, 1995–2019, 1979, 1967–68^[5]
Shelly Island	United States	2017-2018^[6]^[7]
Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai	Tonga	2014–15, 2009^[8]
Jadid Island	Yemen	2013^[9]
Nishinoshima Shintō	Japan	2013–15, 1973–74^[10]
Zalzala Koh	Pakistan	2013^[11]; disappeared 2016^[12]
Sholan Island	Yemen	2011^[9]
Malan Island, Balochistan	Pakistan	2010, 2004, 1999^[13]
Home Reef	Tonga	2006, 1984^[14]
Uunartoq Qeqertaq	Greenland	2005
Norderoogsand	Germany	1999^[15]
Kavachi	Solomon Islands	1999–2003, 1991, 1986, 1978, 1976, 1969–70, 1965, 1963–64, 1961, 1958, 1952–53^[16]
Kuwae	Vanuatu	1974, 1971, 1959, 1949, 1948, 1923–25^[17]
Fukutoku-Okanoba	Japan	1986, 1974–75, 1914, 1904–05^[18]
Jólnir	Iceland	1965–66^[19]
Surtsey	Iceland	1963–67^[20]
Tigres Island	Angola	1962^[21]
Sandy Point	Canada	1960s
Ilha Nova (Capelinhos)	Portugal	1957–58^[22]
Myōjin-shō	Japan	1952–53, 1946^[23]
Shōwa Iōjima	Japan	1934^[24]
Anak Krakatau	Indonesia	1927–30^[25]
Fonuafo'ou	Tonga	1927–28^[26]
Banua Wuhu	Indonesia	1918–19, 1904^[27]