View source for Engineering:Coca-Cola

'''Coca-Cola''', or '''Coke''', is a [[Engineering:Cola|cola]] soft drink manufactured by [[Company:The Coca-Cola Company|the Coca-Cola Company]]. In 2013, Coke products were sold in over 200 countries and territories worldwide, with consumers drinking more than 1.8&nbsp;billion company beverage servings each day.<ref>Elmore, 2013, p. 717</ref> Coca-Cola ranked No. 94 in the 2024 ''Fortune'' 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coca-Cola |url=https://fortune.com/company/coca-cola/ |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref> Based on Interbrand's "best global brand" study of 2023, Coca-Cola was the world's sixth most valuable brand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Global Brands - The 100 Most Valuable Global Brands |url=https://interbrand.com/best-brands/ |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Interbrand |language=en-US}}</ref>

Originally marketed as a [[Social:Temperance movement|temperance]] drink and intended as a patent medicine, Coca-Cola was invented in the late 19th century by John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta. In 1888, Pemberton sold the ownership rights to Asa Griggs Candler, a businessman, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the global soft-drink market throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.<ref name="Eschner2017">{{cite news |last1=Eschner |first1=Kat |title=Coca-Cola's Creator Said the Drink Would Make You Smarter |newspaper=Smithsonian Magazine |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/coca-colas-creator-said-drink-would-make-you-smarter-180962665/ |access-date=October 7, 2019 |language=en |date=March 29, 2017 |quote=So Pemberton concocted a recipe using coca leaves, kola nuts and sugar syrup. "His new product debuted in 1886: 'Coca-Cola: The temperance drink,'" writes Hamblin. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814233739/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/coca-colas-creator-said-drink-would-make-you-smarter-180962665/ |archive-date=August 14, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The name refers to two of its original ingredients: [[Chemistry:Coca|coca]] leaves and kola nuts (a source of [[Biology:Caffeine|caffeine]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Greenwood |first=Veronique |date=September 23, 2016 |title=The little-known nut that gave Coca-Cola its name |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160922-the-nut-that-helped-to-build-a-global-empire |access-date=January 21, 2023 |website=BBC |language=en |archive-date=August 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808215627/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160922-the-nut-that-helped-to-build-a-global-empire |url-status=live }}</ref> The formula of Coca-Cola remains a [[Social:Trade secret|trade secret]]; however, a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations have been published. The secrecy around the formula has been used by Coca-Cola as a marketing aid because only a handful of anonymous employees know the formula.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Ivana Kottasova |title=Does formula mystery help keep Coke afloat? |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2014/02/18/business/coca-cola-secret-formula/index.html |access-date=March 21, 2022 |website=CNN |date=February 18, 2014 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321170452/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/02/18/business/coca-cola-secret-formula/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The drink has inspired imitators and created a whole classification of soft drink: colas.

The Coca-Cola Company produces [[Chemistry:Concentrate|concentrate]], which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold exclusive territory contracts with the company, produce the finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate, in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. A typical {{convert|12|USfloz|adj=on}} can contains {{convert|38|g}} of sugar (usually in the form of [[Chemistry:High-fructose corn syrup|high-fructose corn syrup]] in North America). The bottlers then sell, distribute, and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores, restaurants, and [[Engineering:Vending machine|vending machine]]s throughout the world. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains of major restaurants and [[Finance:Foodservice distributor|foodservice distributor]]s.

The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, along with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, Coca-Cola Cherry, [[Biology:Coca-Cola Vanilla|Coca-Cola Vanilla]], and special versions with lemon, lime, and coffee. Coca-Cola was called '''Coca-Cola Classic''' from July 1985 to 2009, to distinguish it from "New Coke".

== History ==
===19th century origins===
[[File:John Pemberton.jpg|thumb|upright|left|John Pemberton, the original creator of Coca-Cola]]
[[File:19th century Coca-Cola coupon.jpg|thumb|Believed to be the first coupon ever, this ticket for a free glass of Coca-Cola was first distributed in 1888 to help promote the drink. By 1913, the company had redeemed 8.5&nbsp;million tickets.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=First Coupon Ever |last=Geuss |first=Megan |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |volume=18 |date = October 2010|page=104 |issue=11}}</ref>]]
[[File:Coca Cola ad ca. 1943 IMG 3744.JPG|thumb|This refurbished Coca-Cola advertisement from 1943 is still displayed in [[Minden, Louisiana]].]]
[[File:Coca Cola Bottling Machine, Biedenharn Museum and Gardens IMG 4101.JPG|thumb|Early Coca-Cola vending machine at [[Biedenharn Museum and Gardens]] in Monroe, Louisiana]]

Confederate Colonel John Pemberton, wounded in the American Civil War and addicted to morphine, also had a medical degree and began a quest to find a substitute for the problematic drug.<ref>Richard Gardiner, "The Civil War Origin of Coca-Cola in Columbus, Georgia," ''Muscogiana: Journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society'' (Spring 2012), Vol. 23: 21–24.</ref> In 1885 at Pemberton's Eagle Drug and Chemical House, his drugstore in Columbus, Georgia, he registered Pemberton's French Wine Coca nerve tonic.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/ga/muscogee/photos/pemberto13411gph.txt |title=Coca-Cola Inventor was Local Pharmacist |work=Columbus Ledger |access-date=March 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511115720/http://files.usgwarchives.net/ga/muscogee/photos/pemberto13411gph.txt |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ledger-enquirer.com/2011/03/27/1514591/columbus-helped-make-cokes-success.html|title=Columbus helped make Coke's success|work=Columbus Ledger-Enquirer|date=March 27, 2011|access-date=August 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110115355/http://www.ledger-enquirer.com/2011/03/27/1514591/columbus-helped-make-cokes-success.html|archive-date=November 10, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W4JGAQAAIAAJ&q=%22pemberton%2C+john+s.+atlanta%22+nerve&pg=PA423 |title=Annual Report of the Patent Office, 1885 |access-date=April 26, 2014 |last1=Patent Office |first1=United States |year=1886 |archive-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423112322/https://books.google.com/books?id=W4JGAQAAIAAJ&q=%22pemberton%2C+john+s.+atlanta%22+nerve&pg=PA423 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=pemberton_1.jpg|access-date=April 26, 2014|via=columbusstate.edu|url=http://facstaff.columbusstate.edu/gardiner_Richard/columbus/John_Pemberton_files/pemberton_1.jpg|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130908005438/http://facstaff.columbusstate.edu/gardiner_Richard/columbus/John_Pemberton_files/pemberton_1.jpg|archive-date=September 8, 2013}}</ref> Pemberton's tonic may have been inspired by the formidable success of Vin Mariani, a French-[[Place:Corsica|Corsica]]n coca wine,<ref>{{cite book| last = Pendergrast| first = Mark|title = For God, Country and Coca-Cola| url = https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0| url-access = limited| date = 2000| publisher = Basic Books| isbn = 978-0-465-05468-8| page = [https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0/page/25 25] }}</ref> but his recipe additionally included the African kola nut, the beverage's source of caffeine.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/cokemachinedirty00blan|url-access=limited|title=The Coke machine: the dirty truth behind the world's favorite soft drink|last=Blanding|first=Michael|date=2010|publisher=Avery|isbn=978-1-58333-406-5|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cokemachinedirty00blan/page/n23 14]|oclc=535490831}}</ref> A Spanish drink called "Kola Coca" was presented at a contest in Philadelphia in 1885, a year before the official birth of Coca-Cola. The rights for this Spanish drink were bought by Coca-Cola in 1953.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/08/10/newser-spanish-town-coca-cola/2638515/|title=Spanish town claims origins of Coca-Cola|website=[[Software:USA Today|USA Today]]|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302212931/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/08/10/newser-spanish-town-coca-cola/2638515/|archive-date=March 2, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Montón |first=Lorena |date=2024-09-18 |title=El origen español de la Coca-Cola es real |url=https://www.rtve.es/television/20240918/origen-espanol-coca-cola/16252984.shtml |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=RTVE |language=es}}</ref>

In 1886, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed prohibition legislation, Pemberton responded by developing Coca-Cola, a non-alcoholic version of Pemberton's French Wine Coca.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Jack |last=Hayes |title=Coca-Cola Television Advertisements: Dr. John S. Pemberton |url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ccmphtml/colainvnt.html |magazine=Nation's Restaurant News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106000832/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ccmphtml/colainvnt.html |archive-date=January 6, 2007 |access-date=January 21, 2007 }}</ref> It was marketed as "Coca-Cola: The temperance drink", which appealed to many people as the [[Social:Temperance movement|temperance movement]] enjoyed wide support during this time.<ref name="Eschner2017"/> The first sales were at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cocacolaweb.online.fr/chronicle/01.php |author=The Coca-Cola Company |title=The Chronicle Of Coca-Cola |access-date=January 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917012648/http://cocacolaweb.online.fr/chronicle/01.php |archive-date=September 17, 2013 }}</ref> where it initially sold for five [[Finance:Cent (currency)|cents]] a glass.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2165787/ |title=The Mystery of the 5-Cent Coca-Cola: Why it's so hard for companies to raise prices |first=Tim |last=Harford |work=Slate |date=May 11, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514033738/http://www.slate.com/id/2165787/ |archive-date=May 14, 2007 |access-date=May 12, 2007 }}</ref> Drugstore soda fountains were popular in the United States at the time due to the belief that [[Chemistry:Carbonated water|carbonated water]] was good for the health,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ccmphtml/colatime1.html |title=Themes for Coca-Cola Advertising (1886–1999) |access-date=February 11, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303070717/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ccmphtml/colatime1.html |archive-date=March 3, 2007 }}</ref> and Pemberton's new drink was marketed and sold as a patent medicine, Pemberton claiming it a cure for many diseases, including morphine addiction, indigestion, nerve disorders, headaches, and impotence. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of the same year in the ''Atlanta Journal''.<ref>{{cite book| last = Pendergrast| first = Mark| title = For God, Country and Coca-Cola| url = https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0| url-access = limited| date = 2000| publisher = Basic Books| isbn = 978-0-465-05468-8| page = [https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0/page/32 32] }}</ref>

By 1888, three versions of Coca-Cola – sold by three separate businesses – were on the market. A co-partnership had been formed on January 14, 1888, between Pemberton and four Atlanta businessmen: J.C. Mayfield, A.O. Murphey, C.O. Mullahy, and E.H. Bloodworth. Not codified by any signed document, a verbal statement given by Asa Candler years later asserted under testimony that he had acquired a stake in Pemberton's company as early as 1887.<ref>{{cite book| last = Pendergrast| first = Mark| title = For God, Country and Coca-Cola| url = https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0| url-access = limited| year=2000| publisher = Basic Books| isbn = 978-0-465-05468-8| page = [https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0/page/42 42] }}</ref> John Pemberton declared that the {{em|name}} "Coca-Cola" belonged to his son, Charley, but the other two manufacturers could continue to use the {{em|formula}}.<ref name="Pendergrast1">{{cite book| last = Pendergrast| first = Mark| title = For God, Country and Coca-Cola| url = https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0| url-access = limited| date = 2000| publisher = Basic Books| isbn = 978-0-465-05468-8| pages = [https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0/page/45 45]–47 }}</ref>

Charley Pemberton's record of control over the "Coca-Cola" name was the underlying factor that allowed for him to participate as a major shareholder in the March 1888 Coca-Cola Company incorporation filing made in his father's place.<ref>{{cite book| last = Pendergrast| first = Mark| title = For God, Country and Coca-Cola| url = https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0| url-access = limited| date = 2000| publisher = Basic Books| isbn = 978-0-465-05468-8| page = [https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0/page/45 45] }}</ref> Charley's exclusive control over the "Coca-Cola" name became a continual thorn in Asa Candler's side. Candler's oldest son, Charles Howard Candler, authored a book in 1950 published by [[Organization:Emory University|Emory University]]. In this definitive biography about his father, Candler specifically states: "on April 14, 1888, the young druggist Asa Griggs Candler purchased a one-third interest in the formula of an almost completely unknown proprietary elixir known as Coca-Cola."<ref name=Candler1950p81>{{cite book | last = Candler | first = Charles Howard | title = Asa Griggs Candler | year = 1950 | publisher = Emory University | page = 81 | location = Georgia }}</ref> The deal was actually between John Pemberton's son Charley and Walker, Candler & Co. – with John Pemberton acting as cosigner for his son. For $50 down and $500 in 30 days, Walker, Candler & Co. obtained all of the one-third interest in the Coca-Cola Company that Charley held, all while Charley still held on to the name. After the April 14 deal, on April 17, 1888, one-half of the Walker/Dozier interest shares were acquired by Candler for an additional $750.<ref name=ForGodCountryandCocaColapg44-45>{{cite book| last = Pendergrast| first = Mark| title = For God, Country and Coca-Cola| url = https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0| url-access = limited| date = 2000| publisher = Basic Books| isbn = 978-0-465-05468-8| pages = [https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0/page/44 44]–45 }}</ref>

===Company===
After Candler had gained a better foothold on Coca-Cola in April 1888, he nevertheless was forced to sell the beverage he produced with the recipe he had under the names "Yum Yum" and "Koke". This was while Charley Pemberton was selling the elixir, although a cruder mixture, under the name "Coca-Cola", all with his father's blessing. After both names failed to catch on for Candler, by the middle of 1888, the Atlanta pharmacist was quite anxious to establish a firmer legal claim to Coca-Cola, and hoped he could force his two competitors, Walker and Dozier, completely out of the business, as well.<ref name="ForGodCountryandCocaColapg44-45" />

John Pemberton died suddenly on August{{nbsp}}16, 1888. Asa Candler then decided to move swiftly forward to attain full control of the entire Coca-Cola operation.

Charley Pemberton, an alcoholic and opium addict, unnerved Asa Candler more than anyone else. Candler is said to have quickly maneuvered to purchase the exclusive rights to the name "Coca-Cola" from Pemberton's son Charley immediately after he learned of Pemberton's death. One of several stories states that Candler approached Charley's mother at John Pemberton's funeral and offered her $300 in cash for the rights to the name.

In Charles Howard Candler's 1950 book about his father, he stated: "On August{{nbsp}}30 [1888], he {{bracket|Asa Candler}} became the sole proprietor of Coca-Cola, a fact which was stated on letterheads, invoice blanks and advertising copy."<ref name=Candler1950p81/>

With this action on August{{nbsp}}30, 1888, Candler's sole control became technically all true. Candler had negotiated with Margaret Dozier and her brother Woolfolk Walker a full payment amounting to $1,000, which all agreed Candler could pay off with a series of notes over a specified time span. By May{{nbsp}}1, 1889, Candler was claiming full ownership of the Coca-Cola beverage, with a total investment outlay by Candler for the drink enterprise over the years amounting to $2,300.<ref>{{cite book| last = Pendergrast| first = Mark| title = For God, Country and Coca-Cola| url = https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0| url-access = limited| date = 2000| publisher = Basic Books| isbn = 978-0-465-05468-8| page = [https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0/page/46 46] }}</ref>

In 1914, Margaret Dozier, as co-owner of the original Coca-Cola Company in 1888, came forward to claim that her signature on the 1888 Coca-Cola Company bill of sale had been forged. Subsequent analysis of other similar transfer documents had also indicated John Pemberton's signature had most likely been forged as well, which some accounts claim was precipitated by his son Charley.<ref name="Pendergrast1" />

In 1892, Candler set out to incorporate a second company, the Coca-Cola Company (the modern corporation). When Candler had the earliest records of the "Coca-Cola Company" destroyed in 1910, the action was claimed to have been made during a move to new corporation offices around this time.<ref>{{cite book| last = Pendergrast| first = Mark| title = For God, Country and Coca-Cola| url = https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0| url-access = limited| date =2000| publisher = Basic Books| isbn = 978-0-465-05468-8| page = [https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0/page/49 49] }}</ref>

On June{{nbsp}}23, 1894, Charley Pemberton was found unconscious with a stick of opium by his side. Ten days later, he died at Atlanta's Grady Hospital at the age of 40.<ref>{{cite book| last = Pendergrast| first = Mark| title = For God, Country and Coca-Cola| url = https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0| url-access = limited| date = 2000| publisher = Basic Books| isbn = 978-0-465-05468-8| pages = [https://archive.org/details/forgodcountrycoc00pend_0/page/48 48]–49}}</ref>

On September{{nbsp}}12, 1919, Coca-Cola{{nbsp}}Co. was purchased by a group of investors led by Ernest Woodruff's Trust Company for $25&nbsp;million and reincorporated under the [[Company:Delaware General Corporation Law|Delaware General Corporation Law]]. The company publicly offered 500,000 shares of the company for $40 a share.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/thisday/gahistory/09/12/coca-cola-sale-completed|title=This Day in Georgia History – Coca-Cola Sale Completed – GeorgiaInfo|work=usg.edu|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115081202/http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/thisday/gahistory/09/12/coca-cola-sale-completed|archive-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/business-economy/robert-w-woodruff-1889-1985|title=Robert W. Woodruff (1889–1985)|encyclopedia=New Georgia Encyclopedia|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330195106/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/business-economy/robert-w-woodruff-1889-1985|archive-date=March 30, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1923, his son Robert W. Woodruff was elected President of the company. Woodruff expanded the company and brought Coca-Cola to the rest of the world. Coca-Cola began distributing bottles as "six-packs", encouraging customers to purchase the beverage for their home.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wood |first1=Benjamin |last2=Ruskin |first2=Gary |last3=Sacks |first3=Gary |date=January 2020 |title=How Coca-Cola Shaped the International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health: An Analysis of Email Exchanges between 2012 and 2014 |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |language=en |volume=17 |issue=23 |page=8996 |doi=10.3390/ijerph17238996 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=7730322 |pmid=33287097 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

During its first several decades, Coca-Cola officially wanted to be known by its full-name despite being commonly known as "Coke". This was due to company fears that the term ''coke'' would eventually become a [[Social:Generic trademark|generic trademark]], which to an extent became true in the Southern United States where "coke" is used even for non Coca-Cola products. The company also did not want to confuse its drink with the [[Chemistry:Coke (fuel)|similarly-named coal byproduct]] that clearly was not safe to consume. Eventually, out for fears that another company may claim the trademark for "Coke", Coca-Cola finally embraced it and officially endorsed the name "Coke" in 1941. "Coke" eventually became a registered trademark of the Coca-Cola Company in 1945.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ajc.com/blog/talk-town/world-coke-exhibit-shares-story-forgotten-sprite-boy/soMnt1rHQd9j5JxpyZeuML/ | title=World of Coke exhibit shares story of forgotten 'Sprite Boy' | access-date=April 2, 2023 | archive-date=April 2, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402005821/https://www.ajc.com/blog/talk-town/world-coke-exhibit-shares-story-forgotten-sprite-boy/soMnt1rHQd9j5JxpyZeuML/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1986, the Coca-Cola Company merged with two of their bottling operators (owned by JTL Corporation and BCI Holding Corporation) to form Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. (CCE).<ref name="cokecce.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.cokecce.com/about-cce/our-story|title=Coca-Cola Enterprises: Our Story|publisher=Coca-Cola Enterprises|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150417095329/http://www.cokecce.com/about-cce/our-story|archive-date=April 17, 2015}}</ref>

In December 1991, Coca-Cola Enterprises merged with the Johnston Coca-Cola Bottling Group, Inc.<ref name="cokecce.com" />

===Origins of bottling===
[[File:Commercial. At the Coca Cola Plant BAnQ P48S1P06539.jpg|thumb|Bottling plant of Coca-Cola Canada Ltd., January 8, 1941, [[Montreal]], Canada]]
The first bottling of Coca-Cola occurred in Vicksburg, Mississippi, at the Biedenharn Candy Company on March 12, 1894.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biedenharncoca-colamuseum.com/mural.htm|title=History of Bottling|author=The Coca-Cola Company|work=The Coca-Cola Company |access-date=January 12, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234350/http://www.coca-colacompany.com/our-company/history-of-bottling|archive-date=January 16, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The proprietor of the bottling works was Joseph A. Biedenharn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/mar12/first-bottles-coca-cola/|title=Mar 12, 1894 CE: First Bottles of Coca-Cola|date=December 17, 2013|work=[[Organization:National Geographic Society|National Geographic Society]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604175453/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/mar12/first-bottles-coca-cola/|archive-date=June 4, 2016|access-date=March 12, 2019}}</ref> The original bottles were [[Engineering:Hutchinson Patent Stopper|Hutchinson]] bottles, very different from the much later hobble-skirt design of 1915 now so familiar.

A few years later two entrepreneurs from Chattanooga, Tennessee, namely Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead, proposed the idea of bottling and were so persuasive that Candler signed a contract giving them control of the procedure for only one dollar. Candler later realized that he had made a grave mistake.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coca-Cola History|website=worldofcoca-cola.com|url=https://www.worldofcoca-cola.com/about-us/coca-cola-history|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407225546/http://www.worldofcoca-cola.com/about-us/coca-cola-history/|archive-date=April 7, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Candler never collected his dollar, but in 1899, Chattanooga became the site of the first Coca-Cola bottling company. Candler remained very content just selling his company's syrup.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cocacolaunited.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/HISTORY-OF-CHATTANOOGA-COCA-COLA-WORLDS-FIRST-BOTTLING-COMPANY.pdf |title=Chattanooga Coca-Cola History |access-date=August 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201213538/http://cocacolaunited.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/HISTORY-OF-CHATTANOOGA-COCA-COLA-WORLDS-FIRST-BOTTLING-COMPANY.pdf |archive-date=February 1, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The loosely termed contract proved to be problematic for the Coca-Cola Company for decades to come. Legal matters were not helped by the decision of the bottlers to subcontract to other companies, effectively becoming parent bottlers.<ref name="history-of-bottling">{{cite web |url=http://www.coca-colacompany.com/our-company/history-of-bottling |title=History Of Bottling |work=The Coca-Cola Company |access-date=January 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234350/http://www.coca-colacompany.com/our-company/history-of-bottling |archive-date=January 16, 2013 }}</ref> This contract specified that bottles would be sold at 5¢ each and had no fixed duration, leading to the fixed price of Coca-Cola from 1886 to 1959.

===20th century===
The first outdoor wall advertisement that promoted the Coca-Cola drink was painted in 1894 in Cartersville, Georgia.<ref>[http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM2DK6 First painted wall sign to advertise Coca-Cola : Cartersville, GA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324232658/http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM2DK6 |date=March 24, 2010 }} – Waymarking</ref> Cola syrup was sold as an over-the-counter dietary supplement for upset stomach.<ref>Staff, The Doctors Book of Home Remedies. [http://www.guidetohealth.com/library/the-doctors-book-of-home-remedies/nausea/ Nausea: 10 Stomach-Soothing Solutions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524174753/http://www.guidetohealth.com/library/the-doctors-book-of-home-remedies/nausea/ |date=May 24, 2013 }}</ref><ref>Example: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110224015437/http://www.drugstore.com/flents-cola-syrup/qxp80274 Flent's Cola Syrup] Label says "For Simple Nausea associated with an upset stomach.* *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease."</ref> By the time of its 50th anniversary, the soft drink had reached the status of a national icon in the US. In 1935, it was certified kosher by Atlanta rabbi Tobias Geffen. With the help of Harold Hirsch, Geffen was the first person outside the company to see the top-secret ingredients list after Coke faced scrutiny from the American Jewish population regarding the drink's kosher status.<ref name=JewsandCocaCola>{{cite web |title=Atlanta Jews and Coca-Cola |work=Beit Hatfutsot |url=https://www.bh.org.il/atlanta-jews-and-coca-cola/ |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821062611/https://www.bh.org.il/atlanta-jews-and-coca-cola/ |archive-date=August 21, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Consequently, the company made minor changes in the sourcing of some ingredients so it could continue to be consumed by America's Jewish population, including during Passover.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ajhs.org/scholarship/chapters/chapter.cfm?documentID=270|title=Beyond Seltzer Water: The Kashering of Coca-Cola|publisher=American Jewish Historical Society|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917045652/http://www.ajhs.org/scholarship/chapters/chapter.cfm?documentID=270|archive-date=September 17, 2010|access-date=February 26, 2007}}</ref> A yellow cap on a Coca-Cola drink indicates that it is kosher for Passover.<ref>{{cite web |title=If You See a Yellow Cap on Coca-Cola, This Is What It Means |author=Melany Love |date=August 31, 2023 |website=Reader's Digest |url=https://www.rd.com/article/coca-cola-yellow-cap/}}</ref>

[[File:1BILLIONTHgallonCOCACOLAowner.jpg|thumb|Original framed Coca-Cola artist's drawn graphic presented by the Coca-Cola Company on July 12, 1944, to Charles Howard Candler on the occasion of Coca-Cola's "1 Billionth Gallon of Coca-Cola Syrup"]]

[[File:FLEEMANSpharmacyCOKErwLIPACKowner.jpg|thumb|Claimed to be the first installation anywhere of the 1948 model "Boat Motor" styled Coca-Cola soda dispenser, Fleeman's Pharmacy, Atlanta, Georgia. The "Boat Motor" soda dispenser was introduced in the late 1930s and manufactured until the late 1950s. Photograph {{circa|1948}}]]

The longest running commercial Coca-Cola soda fountain anywhere was Atlanta's Fleeman's Pharmacy, which first opened its doors in 1914.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bellystore.com/BELLYSTORE/history.htm|title=Fleeman's Pharmacy (now the Belly General Store)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031217184412/http://www.bellystore.com/BELLYSTORE/history.htm|archive-date=December 17, 2003}}</ref> Jack Fleeman took over the pharmacy from his father and ran it until 1995; closing it after 81 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/local/jack-fleeman-owner-landmark-drugstore/BXly9zmIFesfhJRMYnt0qM/|title=Jack Fleeman – 86 – Owner|date=August 17, 2009|work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|location=Georgia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110115403/http://www.ajc.com/news/jack-fleeman-86-owner-117848.html|archive-date=November 10, 2012}}</ref> On July 12, 1944, the one-billionth gallon of Coca-Cola syrup was manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company. Cans of Coke first appeared in 1955.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.comcast.net/~collectiblesodacans/Cokepg1.htm |title=Coke Can History |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530045557/http://home.comcast.net/~collectiblesodacans/Cokepg1.htm |archive-date=May 30, 2012 }}</ref>

===Sugar replaced with high-fructose corn syrup===
{{See also|Finance:1970s commodities boom}}
Sugar prices spiked in the 1970s because of Soviet demand/hoarding and possibly manipulation of the futures contracts market. The Soviet Union was the largest producer of sugar at the time. In 1974 Coca-Cola switched over to [[Chemistry:High-fructose corn syrup|high-fructose corn syrup]] because of the elevated prices.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.winton.com/longer-view/the-sweet-and-sour-history-of-sugar-prices | title=A History of Sugar Prices | access-date=September 2, 2022 | archive-date=September 1, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901083635/https://www.winton.com/longer-view/the-sweet-and-sour-history-of-sugar-prices | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/01/05/archives/sugar-futures-up-on-soviet-buying-purchases-on-world-market-said-to.html | title=Sugar Futures up on Soviet Buying | newspaper=The New York Times | date=January 5, 1972 | last1=Ennis | first1=Thomas W. | access-date=September 2, 2022 | archive-date=September 1, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901083638/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/01/05/archives/sugar-futures-up-on-soviet-buying-purchases-on-world-market-said-to.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Sugar Prices 1962-2022.webp|thumb|300px|center|Sugar prices 1962–2022]]

===New Coke===

[[File:World-of-coca-cola.jpg|thumb|The [[Las Vegas Strip]] World of Coca-Cola museum in 2003]]
On April 23, 1985, Coca-Cola, amid much publicity, changed the formula of the drink with "New Coke". Follow-up taste tests revealed most consumers preferred the taste of New Coke to both old Coke and Pepsi<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1913612_1913610_1913608,00.html|title=New Coke – Top 10 Bad Beverage Ideas|date=April 23, 2010|magazine=Time|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121111728/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1913612_1913610_1913608,00.html|archive-date=November 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> but Coca-Cola management was unprepared for the public's nostalgia for the old drink, leading to a [[Social:Backlash (sociology)|backlash]]. The company gave in to protests and returned to the old formula under the name Coca-Cola Classic, on July 10, 1985. "New Coke" remained available and was renamed Coke II in 1992; it was discontinued in 2002.

===21st century===
On July 5, 2005, it was revealed that Coca-Cola would resume operations in Iraq for the first time since the [[Organization:Arab League|Arab League]] boycotted the company in 1968.<ref>{{cite news |author=Rory Carroll in Baghdad |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jul/05/iraq.rorycarroll |title=Cola wars as Coke moves on Baghdad |work=The Guardian |date=July 5, 2005 |access-date=March 13, 2011 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621193954/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jul/05/iraq.rorycarroll |archive-date=June 21, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2007, in Canada, the name "Coca-Cola Classic" was changed back to "Coca-Cola". The word "Classic" was removed because "New Coke" was no longer in production, eliminating the need to differentiate between the two.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Compare Coca-Cola and Pepsi's marketing strategies |url=https://www.ukessays.com/essays/business-strategy/coca-cola-company.php |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=www.ukessays.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> The formula remained unchanged. In January 2009, Coca-Cola stopped printing the word "Classic" on the labels of {{convert|16|USfloz|ml|adj=on}} bottles sold in parts of the southeastern United States.<ref name="wsj">{{cite news |title=Coke to Omit 'Classic' |first=Betsy |last=McKay |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=January 30, 2009 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123332768434033495 |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521052905/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123332768434033495 |archive-date=May 21, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The change was part of a larger strategy to rejuvenate the product's image.<ref name=wsj /> The word "Classic" was removed from all Coca-Cola products by 2011.

In November 2009, due to a dispute over wholesale prices of Coca-Cola products, Costco stopped restocking its shelves with Coke and Diet Coke for two months; a separate pouring rights deal in 2013 saw Coke products removed from Costco food courts in favor of Pepsi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bevnet.com/news/2013/pepsicos-in-the-club-store-that-is-capturing-costco-food-service-account|title=PepsiCo's in the Club... Store, that is, Capturing Costco Food Service Account|last=Klinemann|first=Jeffrey|date=January 31, 2013|publisher=BevNET|access-date=April 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320120650/http://www.bevnet.com/news/2013/pepsicos-in-the-club-store-that-is-capturing-costco-food-service-account|archive-date=March 20, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually returned to Costco food courts in mid-2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shafiq |first=Saman |title=Costco bids goodbye to Pepsi as stores begin offering Coca-Cola beverages |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/food/2025/07/21/costco-rolls-out-coca-cola-drinks/85311716007/ |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Some Costco locations (such as the ones in Tucson, Arizona) additionally sell imported Coca-Cola from Mexico, with cane sugar instead of corn syrup, from separate distributors.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fredrix |first1=Emily |first2=Sarah |last2=Skidmore |title=Costco nixes Coke products over pricing dispute |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hC_n50ZLyl8FLDBIkGfCn7-110BwD9C1F1C80 |work=[[Software:Google News|Google News]] |agency=Associated Press |date=November 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20091120184311/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hC_n50ZLyl8FLDBIkGfCn7-110BwD9C1F1C80 |archive-date=November 20, 2009}}</ref> Coca-Cola introduced the 7.5-ounce mini-can in 2009, and on September 22, 2011, the company announced price reductions, asking retailers to sell eight-packs for $2.99. That same day, Coca-Cola announced the 12.5-ounce bottle, to sell for 89 cents. A 16-ounce bottle has sold well at 99 cents since being re-introduced, but the price was going up to $1.19.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111903374004576578980270401662|title=Coke Tailors Its Soda Sizes|last=Esterl|first=Mike|date=September 19, 2011|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219171247/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111903374004576578980270401662|archive-date=December 19, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2012, Coca-Cola resumed business in Myanmar after 60 years of absence due to US-imposed investment sanctions against the country.<ref name="BBC-GT-DEX-2012-CN-MP-X">{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18453401 | title=Coca-Cola returns to Burma after a 60-year absence | date=June 14, 2012 | work=BBC News | access-date=June 8, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022233834/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18453401 | archive-date=October 22, 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BLOOMBERG-GT-DEX-2012-CN-MP-X">{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-15/coca-cola-announces-will-return-to-myanmar-after-60-years.html | title=Coca-Cola Announces Will Return to Myanmar After 60 Years | publisher=Bloomberg | date=June 14, 2012 | first=Tony | last=Jordan | access-date=June 8, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211014652/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-15/coca-cola-announces-will-return-to-myanmar-after-60-years.html | archive-date=December 11, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> Coca-Cola's bottling plant is located in [[Place:Yangon|Yangon]] and was part of the company's five-year plan and $200&nbsp;million investment in Myanmar.<ref name="investvine">{{cite web|url=http://investvine.com/coca-cola-starts-bottling-in-myanmar/|title=Coca-Cola starts bottling in Myanmar|first=Justin|last=Calderon|work=Inside Investor|date=June 4, 2013|access-date=June 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918184353/http://investvine.com/coca-cola-starts-bottling-in-myanmar/|archive-date=September 18, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Coca-Cola with its partners were to invest US$5&nbsp;billion in its operations in India by 2020.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/coca-cola-to-invest-rs-28-000-cr-in-india/966950/ | title=Coca-Cola to invest Rs 28,000 cr in India | date=June 26, 2012 | access-date=June 8, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917151332/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/coca-cola-to-invest-rs-28-000-cr-in-india/966950/ | archive-date=September 17, 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2021, as a plan to combat plastic waste, Coca-Cola said that it would start selling its sodas in bottles made from 100% recycled plastic material in the United States, and by 2030, it planned to recycle one bottle or can for each one it sold.<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 9, 2021|title=Coca-Cola turns to 100% recycled plastic bottles in U.S.|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-environment-plastic-coca-cola-idUSKBN2A921L|access-date=February 9, 2021|archive-date=February 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207101346/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-environment-plastic-coca-cola-idUSKBN2A921L|url-status=live}}</ref> Coca-Cola started by selling 2000 paper bottles to see if they held up due to the risk of safety and of changing the taste of the drink.<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 12, 2021|title=Coca-Cola company trials first paper bottle|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-56023723|access-date=February 12, 2021|archive-date=July 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710101145/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-56023723|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2025, the company announced plans to introduce single-serving {{convert|7.5|USfloz|mL|abbr=on}} mini-cans of its beverage lines to convenience stores for the first time. Previously available only in multi-packs sold at North American grocery stores, the mini-cans have gained significant popularity, accounting for approximately 9% of the sparkling soft drink market share in large retail stores. The decision to expand distribution to convenience stores aligns with evolving consumer preferences, including increased demand for smaller portion sizes, influenced by trends such as the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight management, growing interest in snacking, and economic factors like [[Finance:Shrinkflation|shrinkflation]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Deppen | first=Laurel | title=Coca-Cola to roll out single-serve minis in c-stores | website=Food Dive | date=2025-10-09 | url=https://www.fooddive.com/news/coca-cola-single-serve-mini-cans/802472/ | access-date=2025-10-11}}</ref>

==Production==
===Listed ingredients===
* Carbonated water
* Sugar ([[Chemistry:Sucrose|sucrose]] or [[Chemistry:High-fructose corn syrup|high-fructose corn syrup]] (HFCS) depending on country of origin)
* [[Biology:Caffeine|Caffeine]]
* [[Chemistry:Phosphoric acid|Phosphoric acid]]
* Caramel color (E150d)
* Natural flavorings<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letsgettogether.co.uk/DetailQuestionAnswer/QuestionID=2-color=df0f0b |title=Home of Coca-Cola UK : Diet Coke: Coke Zero – Coca-Cola GB |publisher=Letsgettogether.co.uk |date=April 13, 2010 |access-date=March 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515103118/http://www.letsgettogether.co.uk/DetailQuestionAnswer/QuestionID%3D2-color%3Ddf0f0b |archive-date=May 15, 2010 }}</ref>
A typical can of Coca-Cola (12 fl ounces/355&nbsp;ml) contains 39 grams of sugar,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=14400|title=Foods List|work=usda.gov|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119223520/https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=14400|archive-date=November 19, 2018}}</ref> 34&nbsp;mg of caffeine,<ref name="Caff1" /><ref name="Caff2" /> 45&nbsp;mg of sodium, no fat, no potassium, and 140 calories.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.coca-cola.com/us/en/brands/coca-cola/products/original|title=Coca-Cola Original – Nutrition Facts & Ingredients|website=www.coca-cola.com|access-date=October 29, 2025}}</ref>

===Formula of natural flavorings===

The exact formula for Coca-Cola's natural flavorings is a [[Social:Trade secret|trade secret]]. (All of its other ingredients are listed on the side of the bottle or can, and are not secret.) The original copy of the formula was held in [[Company:Truist Financial|Truist Financial]]'s main vault in Atlanta for 86 years. Its predecessor, the Trust Company, was the underwriter for the Coca-Cola Company's [[Finance:Initial public offering|initial public offering]] in 1919. On December 8, 2011, the original secret formula was moved from the vault at [[Company:SunTrust Banks|SunTrust Banks]] into a new vault; this vault will be on display for visitors to its World of Coca-Cola museum in downtown Atlanta.<ref>{{Cite journal | url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Business/Latest-News-Wires/2011/1208/Coca-Cola-formula-after-86-years-in-vault-gets-new-home | title=Coca-Cola formula, after 86 years in vault, gets new home | journal=The Christian Science Monitor | date=December 8, 2011 | access-date=June 8, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124075036/https://www.csmonitor.com/Business/Latest-News-Wires/2011/1208/Coca-Cola-formula-after-86-years-in-vault-gets-new-home | archive-date=January 24, 2020 | url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Coke Museum.JPG|thumb|World of Coca-Cola museum in Atlanta, Georgia]]

According to [[Philosophy:Snopes|Snopes]], a popular myth states that only two executives have access to the formula, with each executive having only half the formula.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/ |title=Urban Legends Reference Pages: Cokelore |access-date=February 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20081218031122/http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/ |archive-date=December 18, 2008 }}</ref> However, several sources state that while Coca-Cola does have a rule restricting access to only two executives, each of them knows the entire formula, and that persons other than the prescribed duo have known the formulation process.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/formula.asp |title=Urban Legends Reference Pages: Cokelore (Have a Cloak and a Smile) |date=November 18, 1999 |access-date=February 22, 2007 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20051201022606/http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/formula.asp |archive-date=December 1, 2005 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On February 11, 2011, Ira Glass said on his PRI radio show, ''This American Life'', that his staffers had found a recipe in "Everett Beal's Recipe Book", reproduced in the February 28, 1979 issue of ''The Atlanta Journal-Constitution'', that they believed was either Pemberton's original formula for Coca-Cola or a version that he made either before or after the product hit the market in 1886. The formula basically matched the one found in Pemberton's diary.<ref>{{cite news |first=Katie |last=Rogers |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/blog-post/2011/02/this_american_life_bursts_coca.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609050804/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/blog-post/2011/02/this_american_life_bursts_coca.html |archive-date=June 9, 2012 |title='This American Life' bursts Coca-Cola's bubble: What's in that original recipe, anyway? |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 15, 2011 |access-date=February 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Brett Michael |last=Dykes |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_thelookout/20110215/ts_yblog_thelookout/did-nprs-this-american-life-discover-cokes-secret-formula |title=Did NPR's 'This American Life' discover Coke's secret formula? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217232118/http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_thelookout/20110215/ts_yblog_thelookout/did-nprs-this-american-life-discover-cokes-secret-formula |archive-date=February 17, 2011 |work=The Lookout |via=Yahoo! News |date=February 15, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=David W. |last=Freeman |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/this-american-life-reveals-coca-colas-secret-recipe-full-ingredient-list/ |title='This American Life' Reveals Coca-Cola's Secret Recipe (Full Ingredient List) |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218030813/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504763_162-20031984-10391704.html |archive-date=February 18, 2011 |work=CBS News |date=February 15, 2011}}</ref> Coca-Cola archivist Phil Mooney acknowledged that the recipe "could be a precursor" to the formula used in the original 1886 product, but emphasized that Pemberton's original formula is not the same as the one used in the modern product.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/427/original-recipe/recipe |title=The Recipe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217180930/http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/427/original-recipe/recipe |archive-date=February 17, 2011 |url-status=live |work=This American Life |date=February 11, 2011}}.</ref>

Joya Williams, a secretary to the global brand director at Coca-Cola's Atlanta headquarters, stole the formula. Williams, along with her accomplices Ibrahim Dimson and Edmund Duhaney, conspired to sell the confidential trade secret to Pepsi for US$1.5 million. However, Pepsi did not capitalize on the opportunity and instead reported the illegal offer to Coca-Cola and the FBI. The FBI setup a sting operation posing as Pepsi executives, leading to the arrest of Williams and her accomplices.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/coca-cola-insider-tried-selling-secrets-to-pepsi-what-happened-next-6778659 |title=Coca-Cola Insider Tried Selling Secrets To Pepsi. What Happened Next |work=NDTV |date=October 13, 2024 |access-date=March 11, 2025}}</ref> Public prosecutor David Nahmias praised Pepsi for doing the right thing: "They did so because trade secrets are important to everybody in the business community. They realise that if their trade secrets are violated, they all suffer, the market suffers and the community suffers."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jul/07/marketingandpr.drink |title=The real sting: how plot to betray Coke fell flat after Pepsi called in FBI |work=The Guardian |last=Clark |first=Andrew |date=July 7, 2006 |access-date=March 11, 2025}}</ref>

===Use of stimulants in formula===
{{anchor|Coca_–_cocaine}}
[[File:Pembertoncokeanzeige.jpg|thumb|An early Coca-Cola advertisement]]

When launched, Coca-Cola's two key ingredients were [[Biology:Cocaine|cocaine]] and [[Biology:Caffeine|caffeine]]. The cocaine was derived from the [[Chemistry:Coca|coca]] leaf and the caffeine from kola nut (also spelled "cola nut" at the time), leading to the name Coca-Cola.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pponline.co.uk/encyc/0204.htm |title=Coca-cola |publisher=Pponline.co.uk |access-date=March 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115102804/http://www.pponline.co.uk/encyc/0204.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/coca_cola.htm |title=The History of Coca-Cola |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090315195846/http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/coca_cola.htm |archive-date=March 15, 2009 |access-date=January 23, 2007 }}</ref>

====Coca leaf ====
Pemberton called for five [[Ounce|ounce]]s of coca leaf per gallon of syrup (approximately 37&nbsp;g/L), a significant dose; in 1891, Candler claimed his formula (altered extensively from Pemberton's original) contained only a tenth of this amount. Coca-Cola once contained an estimated nine milligrams of cocaine per glass. (For comparison, a typical dose or "line" of cocaine is 50–75&nbsp;mg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thegooddrugsguide.com/cocaine/faq.htm|title=Cocaine Facts - How to Tell Use of Cocaine - Questions, Myths, Truth|website=thegooddrugsguide.com|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006104725/http://www.thegooddrugsguide.com/cocaine/faq.htm|archive-date=October 6, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>) In 1903, the fresh coca leaves were removed from the formula.<ref>Liebowitz, Michael, R. (1983). ''The Chemistry of Love''. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.</ref>

After 1904, instead of using fresh leaves, Coca-Cola started using "spent" leaves&nbsp;– the leftovers of the cocaine-extraction process with trace levels of cocaine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_033.html |title=Is it true Coca-Cola once contained cocaine? |access-date=February 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221114907/http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_033.html |archive-date=February 21, 2007 |date=June 14, 1985}}</ref> Since then (by 1929<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archives.drugabuse.gov/blog/post/coca-colas-scandalous-past|title=Coca-Cola's Scandalous Past|date=March 1, 2012|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-date=March 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324032927/https://archives.drugabuse.gov/blog/post/coca-colas-scandalous-past}}</ref>), Coca-Cola has used a cocaine-free coca leaf extract. Today, that extract is prepared at a [[Company:Stepan Company|Stepan Company]] plant in Maywood, New Jersey, the only manufacturing plant authorized by the federal government to import and process coca leaves, which it obtains from Peru and Bolivia.<ref name="mayclifford">{{cite news|last=May|first=Clifford D.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/01/business/how-coca-cola-obtains-its-coca.html|title=How Coca-Cola Obtains Its Coca|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 1, 1988|access-date=April 11, 2008|quote=A Stepan laboratory in Maywood, N.J., is the nation's only legal commercial importer of coca leaves, which it obtains mainly from Peru and, to a lesser extent, Bolivia. Besides producing the coca flavoring agent sold to The Coca-Cola Company, Stepan extracts cocaine from the coca leaves, which it sells to [[Company:Mallinckrodt|Mallinckrodt]] Inc., a St. Louis pharmaceutical manufacturer that is the only company in the United States licensed to purify the product for medicinal use|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420232528/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/01/business/how-coca-cola-obtains-its-coca.html|archive-date=April 20, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Stepan Company extracts cocaine from the coca leaves, which it then sells to [[Company:Mallinckrodt|Mallinckrodt]], the only company in the United States licensed to purify cocaine for [[Biology:Cocaine#Medical|medicinal use]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Drew |last=Benson |title=Coca kick in drinks spurs export fears |url=http://www.mindfully.org/Food/2004/Kdrink-Coca-Drink19apr04.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530045600/http://www.mindfully.org/Food/2004/Kdrink-Coca-Drink19apr04.htm |archive-date=May 30, 2012 }}</ref>

Long after the syrup had ceased to contain any significant amount of cocaine, in North Carolina "dope" remained a common colloquialism for Coca-Cola, and "dope-wagons" were trucks that transported it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ncpedia.org/dope-wagons|title=Dope Wagons|work=ncpedia.org|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202113220/https://ncpedia.org/dope-wagons|archive-date=February 2, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Kola nuts for caffeine====
The kola nut acts as a flavoring and the original source of caffeine in Coca-Cola. It contains about 2.0 to 3.5% caffeine, and has a bitter flavor.

In 1911, the US government sued in ''United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola'', hoping to force the Coca-Cola Company to remove caffeine from its formula. The court found that the syrup, when diluted as directed, would result in a beverage containing 1.21 [[Grain (unit)|grains]] (or 78.4&nbsp;mg) of caffeine per {{convert|8|USfloz|ml}} serving.<ref>{{caselaw source
 | case = ''United States v. Forty Barrels & Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola'', {{ussc|241|265|1916|el=no}}
 | courtlistener =https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/98742/united-states-v-coca-cola-co-of-atlanta/
 | findlaw = https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/241/265.html
 | justia =https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/241/265/
 | loc =http://cdn.loc.gov/service/ll/usrep/usrep241/usrep241265/usrep241265.pdf
 }}</ref> The case was decided in favor of the Coca-Cola Company at the district court, but subsequently in 1912, the US Pure Food and Drug Act was amended, adding caffeine to the list of "habit-forming" and "deleterious" substances which must be listed on a product's label. In 1913 the case was appealed to the Sixth Circuit in Cincinnati, where the ruling was affirmed, but then appealed again in 1916 to the Supreme Court, where the government effectively won as a new trial was ordered. The company then voluntarily reduced the amount of caffeine in its product, and offered to pay the government's legal costs to settle and avoid further litigation.

Coca-Cola contains 34&nbsp;mg of caffeine per 12 US fluid ounces (or 22.7&nbsp;mg per {{convert|8|USfloz|ml}} serving).<ref name="Caff1">{{Cite web |last=Andersen |first=James |date=2025-04-08 |title=Why Does Diet Coke Have More Caffeine Than Regular Coke? |url=https://www.tastingtable.com/1824557/diet-coke-vs-regular-how-much-caffeine/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Tasting Table |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Caff2">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-14 |title=Diet Coke or Coke Zero? Dietitian reveals healthiest option |url=https://nypost.com/2024/04/14/lifestyle/diet-coke-or-coke-zero-dietitian-reveals-healthiest-option/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Franchised production model===
The production and distribution of Coca-Cola follows a franchising model. The Coca-Cola Company only produces a syrup concentrate, which it sells to bottlers throughout the world, who hold Coca-Cola franchises for one or more geographical areas. The bottlers produce the final drink by mixing the syrup with filtered water and sweeteners, putting the mixture into cans and bottles, and carbonating it, which the bottlers then sell and distribute to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants, and foodservice distributors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/aboutbottling.html |title=Offices & Bottling Plants |access-date=January 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216144908/http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/aboutbottling.html |archive-date=February 16, 2007 }}</ref>

The Coca-Cola Company owns minority shares in some of its largest franchises, such as Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company, and [[Company:Coca-Cola FEMSA|Coca-Cola FEMSA]], as well as some smaller ones, such as Coca-Cola Bottlers Uzbekistan, but fully independent bottlers produce almost half of the volume sold in the world.
Independent bottlers are allowed to sweeten the drink according to local tastes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cokecce.com/pages/allContent.asp?page_id=84#q1 |title=What Is the Difference Between Coca-Cola Enterprises and the Coca-Cola Company |access-date=December 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021100615/http://cokecce.com/pages/allContent.asp?page_id=84 |archive-date=October 21, 2012}}</ref>

==Geographic spread==
Coca-Cola has been sold outside the United States since as early as the turn of the 20th century, as the drink was first sold in Britain on 31 August 1900 and the Cuba Libre (a mix between Coca-Cola and rum) was created in [[Place:Havana|Havana]] shortly after the Spanish–American War of 1898. However, the international reach of the product became mostly limited to North and Central America, the Caribbean, Western Europe and parts of [[Earth:Asia|Asia]] until the 1940s, when the brand was introduced throughout [[Earth:South America|South America]] and then [[Earth:Europe|Europe]] after the end of [[Social:World War II|World War II]] (Fanta was initially conceived by the German Coca-Cola subsidiary as an emergency replacement as the wartime trade embargo prevented the import of syrup). As a result, Coca-Cola eventually became regarded as one of the major symbols of American soft power as well as of globalization.

Since it announced its intention to begin distribution in Myanmar in June 2012, Coca-Cola has been officially available in every country in the world except Cuba (where it stopped being available officially since 1960—ironically, Coca-Cola's first bottling plant outside the United States was established there in 1906) and North Korea.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coca-Cola to spend $30&nbsp;billion to grow globally|first=Leon|last=Stafford|url=https://www.ajc.com/business/coca-cola-spend-billion-grow-globally/w9gISxxV0dkJOQAZrnUOdM/|newspaper=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|date=September 9, 2012|access-date=June 8, 2021|archive-date=March 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321181035/https://www.ajc.com/business/coca-cola-spend-billion-grow-globally/w9gISxxV0dkJOQAZrnUOdM/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, it is reported to be available in both countries as a grey import.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cuba stocks US brands despite embargo |last=Weissert |first=Will |agency=Associated Press |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/economy/2007-05-14-1080210184_x.htm |date=May 15, 2007 |access-date=August 11, 2013 |work=USA Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313015718/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/economy/2007-05-14-1080210184_x.htm |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Coca-Cola denies 'cracking' North Korea |last=Ryall |first=Julian |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/9511235/Coca-Cola-denies-cracking-North-Korea.html |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=August 31, 2012 |access-date=August 11, 2013 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906214111/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/9511235/Coca-Cola-denies-cracking-North-Korea.html |archive-date=September 6, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Coca-Cola [[Finance:Boycott of Russia and Belarus|suspended its operations]] in Russia after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref name="McDonalds-Starbucks-Cola">{{cite news |last1=Wiener-Bronner |first1=Danielle |title=McDonald's, Starbucks and Coca-Cola leave Russia |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/08/business/mcdonalds-pepsi-coke-russia/index.html |access-date=July 7, 2023 |agency=CNN Business |date=March 9, 2022}}</ref>

Coca-Cola has been a point of legal discussion in the [[Place:Middle East|Middle East]]. In the early 20th century, a fatwa was created in [[Place:Egypt|Egypt]] to discuss the question of "whether [[Religion:Muslims|Muslims]] were permitted to drink Coca-Cola and Pepsi cola."<ref name="Liebesny 1975 42–43">{{cite book|last=Liebesny|first=Herbert J.|title=The law of the Near and Middle East readings, cases, and materials|url=https://archive.org/details/lawofnearmiddlee0000lieb|url-access=registration|year=1975|publisher=State University of New York Press|location=Albany|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lawofnearmiddlee0000lieb/page/42 42]–43|isbn=978-0-585-09020-7}}</ref> The fatwa states: "According to the Muslim Hanefite, Shafi'ite, etc., the rule in Islamic law of forbidding or allowing foods and beverages is based on the presumption that such things are permitted unless it can be shown that they are forbidden on the basis of the [[Religion:Quran|Qur'an]]."<ref name="Liebesny 1975 42–43" /> The Muslim jurists stated that, unless the Qur'an specifically prohibits the consumption of a particular product, it is permissible to consume. Another clause was discussed, whereby the same rules apply if a person is unaware of the condition or ingredients of the item in question.

Coca-Cola first entered the Chinese market in the 1920s with no [[Language localisation|localized]] representation of its name.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=April 5, 1999 |title=Bite the Wax Tadpole |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/bite-the-wax-tadpole/ |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=Snopes |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> While the company researched a satisfactory translation, local shopkeepers created their own. These produced the desired "ko-ka ko-la" sound, but with odd meanings such as "female horse fastened with wax" or "bite the wax tadpole".<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> In the 1930s, the company settled on the name "{{lang|zh-hant|可口可樂}}（{{lang|zh-hans|可口可乐}}）" (Kěkǒu kělè) taking into account the effects of syllable and meaning translations. The phrase means roughly "to allow the mouth to be able to rejoice".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Transliteration of 'Coca-Cola' Trademark to Chinese Characters |url=http://atisaustralia.weebly.com/1/post/2015/08/transliteration-of-coca-cola-trademark-to-chinese-characters.html |access-date=June 30, 2022 |website=ATIS – Australian Translating and Interpreting Service |language=en |archive-date=May 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522081707/https://atisaustralia.weebly.com/atis-blog/transliteration-of-coca-cola-trademark-to-chinese-characters |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Coca-Cola in Chinese is Ke-kou-ke-la |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/business-jokes/coca-cola-in-chinese-is-ke-kou-ke-la/articleshow/623585.cms |access-date=June 30, 2022 |website=The Economic Times |archive-date=June 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630095421/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/business-jokes/coca-cola-in-chinese-is-ke-kou-ke-la/articleshow/623585.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The story introduction from Coca-Cola mentions that Chiang Yee provided the new localized name,<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=zh:"可口可乐"—— 中文翻译的经典之作 |url=https://www.coca-cola.com.cn/stories/kkklzwfydjdzz |access-date=September 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918160536/https://www.coca-cola.com.cn/stories/kkklzwfydjdzz |archive-date=September 18, 2018}}</ref> but there are also sources that the localized name appeared before 1935,<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=zh:鄭明仁：「可口可樂」中文名稱翻譯之謎 |url=https://www.thinkhk.com/article/2021-01/11/46280.html |access-date=June 30, 2022 |website=www.thinkhk.com |archive-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115205723/https://www.thinkhk.com/article/2021-01/11/46280.html |url-status=live}}</ref> or that it was given by someone named Jerome T. Lieu who studied at [[Organization:Columbia University|Columbia University]] in New York.<ref>{{Cite journal |title="Placing the history of advertising": A spatial history of advertising in modern Shanghai (1905–1949) |url=https://purl.stanford.edu/vr090fm8620 |access-date=June 30, 2022 |website=purl.stanford.edu |language=en |archive-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714012804/https://purl.stanford.edu/vr090fm8620 |url-status=live |last1=Armand |first1=Cécile}}</ref> Coca-Cola's first Taiwanese factory was built in 1957. At the time, a prohibition on the drink was in place and The Coca-Cola Company was permitted to sell only to people working for American agencies, such as the United States Armed Forces. The ban was formally lifted in 1966, and Coca-Cola became legally and readily available to Taiwanese consumers in 1968.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Han Cheung |title=Taiwan in Time: Coca-Cola: The president's favorite banned drink |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2025/07/27/2003840979 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |work=Taipei Times |date=July 27, 2025}}</ref>

==Brand portfolio==
[[File:Coke logo.svg|thumb|Shortened "Coke" logo used on the back of cans and included in the logos of some flavor variations]]
This is a list of variants of Coca-Cola introduced around the world. In addition to the caffeine-free version of the original, additional fruit flavors have been included over the years. Not included here are versions of Diet Coke and Coca-Cola Zero Sugar; these variant versions of those no-calorie colas can be found in their respective articles.

{| class="wikitable"
!width=12%| Name !! Launched !! Notes
|-
| Diet Coke
| style="text-align:center;"| 1982
| A low-calorie version of Coca-Cola with sweeteners instead of sugar or corn syrup.
|-
| Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola
| style="text-align:center;"| 1983
|- 
| Coca-Cola Cherry
| style="text-align:center;"| 1985
|-
| New Coke / Coca-Cola II
| style="text-align:center;"| 1985
| An unpopular formula change, remained after the original formula quickly returned and was later rebranded as Coca-Cola II until its full discontinuation in 2002. In 2019, New Coke was re-introduced to the market to promote the third season of the [[Company:Netflix|Netflix]] original series, ''Stranger Things.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/05/netflix-stranger-things-revives-new-coke-heres-how-the-failed-soda-cost-coca-cola-millions.html|title=Netflix's 'Stranger Things' revives New Coke. Here's how the failed soda cost Coca-Cola millions in 1985|last=Huddleston|first=Tom Jr.|date=July 5, 2019|website=CNBC|language=en|access-date=July 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708061804/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/05/netflix-stranger-things-revives-new-coke-heres-how-the-failed-soda-cost-coca-cola-millions.html|archive-date=July 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Golden Coca-Cola
| style="text-align:center;"| 2001
| A limited edition produced by Beijing Coca-Cola company to celebrate Beijing's successful bid to host the Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maisey |first=Sarah |title=Deconstructed: the history of Coca-Cola and its fashionable collaborations |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/deconstructed-the-history-of-coca-cola-and-its-fashionable-collaborations-1.887917 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Biology:Coca-Cola Vanilla|Coca-Cola Vanilla]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 2002
| Coca-Cola with a vanilla flavor.
|-
| Coca-Cola C2
| style="text-align:center;"| 2004
| A mid-calorie version of Coca-Cola sweetened with both corn syrup and artificial sweeteners. It was first sold in Japan, and shortly expanded to North America. The drink was a flop, and was commonly replaced with Coca-Cola Zero upon its launch until it was fully discontinued in 2007.
|-
| Coca-Cola with Lime
| style="text-align:center;"| 2005
| Coca-Cola with a lime flavor, introduced after the success of its diet counterpart.
|-
| Coca-Cola with Lemon
| style="text-align:center;"| 2005
| Coca-Cola with a lemon flavor. Debuted in the United Kingdom, and was also available in Japan, France, Hong Kong, Brazil, and Hungary.
|-
| Coca-Cola Raspberry
| style="text-align:center;"| 2005
| Coca-Cola with a raspberry flavor. It was originally exclusively sold in New Zealand for a short time and was later given a wider international release through the Coca-Cola Freestyle fountain machine.
|-
| Coca-Cola Zero/Coca-Cola Zero Sugar
| style="text-align:center;"| 2005
| Low-calorie variant formulated to be more like standard Coca-Cola. It has had different formula changes over the years.
|-
| Coca-Cola Citra
| style="text-align:center;"| 2005
| Coca-Cola with a Lemon-Lime flavor. It was first sold as a limited edition in Mexico and New Zealand, before gaining a release in Japan.
|-
| [[Biology:Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla|Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 2006
| Coca-Cola with a combination of black cherry and vanilla flavor. It was only sold in North America as a replacement to Vanilla Coke, before the drink returned and re-replaced it in June 2007.
|-
| Coca-Cola Blāk
| style="text-align:center;"| 2006
| Coca-Cola with a rich coffee flavor, of which the formula depends on the country. It was first sold in France, before being released in North America where it was discontinued in 2008.
|-
| Coca-Cola Orange
| style="text-align:center;"| 2007
| Coca-Cola with an orange flavor, similar to that of the drink Mezzo Mix which is sold in DACH regions. It was available in the United Kingdom and Gibraltar as a limited edition for the summer of 2007. It was later given a wider international release through the Coca-Cola Freestyle fountain machine.
|-
| Coca-Cola Life
| style="text-align:center;"| 2014
| A version of Coca-Cola with [[Biology:Stevia|stevia]] and sugar as sweeteners rather than simply sugar. It was largely unsuccessful and was quietly discontinued in all territories by 2020.
|-
| Coca-Cola Ginger
| style="text-align:center;"| 2016
| A version that mixes in the classic Coca-Cola formula with the taste of ginger beer. It was available as a limited edition in Vietnam, Australia, and New Zealand.
|-
| Coca-Cola Fiber+
| style="text-align:center;"| 2017
| A dietary variant of Coca-Cola with added dietary fiber in the form of dextrin developed by Coca-Cola Asia Pacific. It is available in Asian territories such as Japan, Taiwan, mainland China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, and Mongolia.
|-
| Coca-Cola with Coffee
| style="text-align:center;"| 2017
| Coca-Cola mixed in with coffee. It was originally introduced in Japan in 2017 before expanding to North America in January 2021, available in Dark Blend, Vanilla and Caramel variants along with Zero Sugar dark blend and vanilla variants. The North American unit was discontinued the following year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coke With Coffee Discontinued in U.S. |url=https://www.beverage-digest.com/articles/782-coke-with-coffee-discontinued-in-us |website=Beverage Digest |access-date=March 8, 2024 |date=November 9, 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Coca-Cola Peach
| style="text-align:center;"| 2018
| Coca-Cola with a Peach flavor. It was made for and sold exclusively in Japan as a limited edition in 2018<ref>{{cite web | url=https://soranews24.com/2018/01/10/peach-coca-cola-coming-to-japan-in-a-world-first-for-the-company/ | title=Peach Coca-Cola coming to Japan in a world-first for the company | date=January 10, 2018 }}</ref> and 2019<ref>{{cite web | url=https://soranews24.com/2018/12/22/coca-cola-japan-releases-new-peach-coke-for-2019/ | title=Coca-Cola Japan releases new Peach Coke for 2019 | date=December 21, 2018 }}</ref> and later sold in China.
|-
| Coca-Cola Georgia Peach
| style="text-align:center;"| 2018
|A hand-crafted Peach-flavored Coca-Cola sweetened with cane sugar. Sold in the United States.<ref name="Coca-Cola Local Flavors Coca-Cola US">{{cite web | url=https://www.coca-cola.com/us/en/brands/coca-cola/products/coca-cola-local-flavors | title=Coca-Cola Local Flavors - Varieties & Details &#124; Coca-Cola US }}</ref>
|-
| Coca-Cola California Raspberry
| style="text-align:center;"| 2018
| A hand-crafted Raspberry-flavored Coca-Cola sweetened with cane sugar. Sold in the United States.<ref name="Coca-Cola Local Flavors Coca-Cola US"/>
|-
| Coca-Cola Orange Vanilla
| style="text-align:center;"| 2019
| Coca-Cola with an orange vanilla flavor, intended to imitate the flavor of an orange Creamsicle. It was available nationwide in the United States on February 25, 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Meyer |first1=Zlati |title=Coca-Cola debuts Orange Vanilla, its first new flavor in more than a decade |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/02/08/coca-cola-orange-vanilla-soda-giants-first-new-flavor-decade/2813256002/ |newspaper=USA Today |date=February 8, 2019 |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226011250/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/02/08/coca-cola-orange-vanilla-soda-giants-first-new-flavor-decade/2813256002/ |archive-date=February 26, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was discontinued in late 2022 due to supply chain conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘We All Scream for Orange Cream’: Coca-Cola Drops Retro-Inspired Flavor Innovation |url=https://www.coca-colacompany.com/media-center/coca-cola-drops-retro-inspired-flavor-innovation |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=www.coca-colacompany.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| Coca-Cola Energy
| style="text-align:center;"| 2019
| An energy drink with a flavor similar to standard Coca-Cola, with [[Biology:Guarana|guarana]], [[Chemistry:Vitamin B3|vitamin B3]] ([[Chemistry:Nicotinamide|niacinamide]]), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride), and extra caffeine. The drink debuted in Spain and Hungary in April 2019<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.foodbev.com/news/coca-cola-energy-brand-to-launch-its-first-energy-drink/ | title=Coca-Cola Energy: First energy drink released under Coke brand | date=March 28, 2019 }}</ref> and would go onto launch in Australia, the United Kingdom<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.coca-cola.co.uk/newsroom/press-releases/Coca-Cola-energy-launch|title=Coca-Cola Great Britain announces the launch of Coca-Cola Energy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526165146/https://www.coca-cola.co.uk/newsroom/press-releases/Coca-Cola-energy-launch|archive-date=May 26, 2019}}</ref> and other European territories throughout the year. The drink debuted in North America in 2020<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wienner-Bronner |first1=Danielle |title=Coca-Cola Energy is coming to the United States |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/01/business/coke-energy-us-launch/index.html |publisher=CNN.com |date=October 1, 2019 |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224201839/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/01/business/coke-energy-us-launch/index.html |archive-date=December 24, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> and was largely unsuccessful, with Coca-Cola announcing its discontinuation in the latter market in May 2021, to focus more on its traditional beverages.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 14, 2021|title=Coca-Cola discontinues energy drink in N.America|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/coca-cola-discontinues-energy-drink-namerica-2021-05-14/|access-date=May 15, 2021|website=Reuters|archive-date=March 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321181035/https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/coca-cola-discontinues-energy-drink-namerica-2021-05-14/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Coca-Cola Signature Mixers
| style="text-align:center;"| 2019
| Premium variants of the original Coca-Cola formula that were made to blend in with different dark spirits. It was sold in Smokey, Spicy, Herbal and Woody varieties.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yourcoca-cola.co.uk/blog/latest/signature-mixers/ | title=Discover the Coca-Cola Signature Mixers range | date=February 4, 2021 }}</ref> They were sold in the United Kingdom from 2019 until 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/soft-drinks/coca-cola-discontinues-signature-mixers-range/672859.article | title=Coca-Cola discontinues Signature Mixers range }}</ref>
|-
| Coca-Cola Apple
| style="text-align:center;"| 2019
| Coca-Cola with an Apple flavor. Sold in Japan for a limited time in 2019<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.coca-cola.com/jp/ja/media-center/news-20190905-14 | title=新登場！秋の味覚・りんごが贅沢に香る「コカ･コーラ」世界初の「コカ･コーラ アップル」9月16日（月・祝）から期間限定発売 }}</ref> and was also made available in Hong Kong.
|-
| Coca-Cola Cinnamon
| style="text-align:center;"| 2019
| Coca-Cola with cinnamon flavor. Released in October 2019 in the United States as a limited release for the 2019 holiday season.<ref name="The Coca-Cola Company">{{cite news |last1=Moye |first1=Jay |title=Priming the Innovation Pump: Coca-Cola Debuts Diverse Lineup of New Drinks at NACS |url=https://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/priming-the-innovation-pump-coca-cola-debuts-diverse-lineup |publisher=The Coca-Cola Company |date=September 30, 2019 |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003061646/https://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/priming-the-innovation-pump-coca-cola-debuts-diverse-lineup |archive-date=October 3, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Made available again in 2020 for the holiday season.
|-
| Coca-Cola Strawberry
| style="text-align:center;"| 2020
| Coca-Cola with a Strawberry flavor. Sold in Japan for a limited time in 2020<ref>{{cite web | url=https://soranews24.com/2020/01/08/coca-cola-japan-releases-their-first-ever-strawberry-coke/ | title=Coca-Cola Japan releases their first-ever strawberry coke | date=January 8, 2020 }}</ref> and later sold in China.
|-
| Coca-Cola Cherry Vanilla
| style="text-align:center;"| 2020
| Coca-Cola with cherry vanilla flavor. Released in the United States on February 10, 2020. It was silently discontinued in 2024 following low sales.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruback |first=Brianna |date=September 20, 2024 |title=Coca-Cola Quietly Discontinued Several Soda Flavors—Here's What's Been Cut |url=https://www.eatthis.com/coca-cola-discontinued-flavors/ |access-date=September 22, 2024 |website=Eat This Not That |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Coca-Cola Energy Cherry
| style="text-align:center;"| 2020
| Cherry-flavored variant of the standard Coca-Cola Energy. Debuted in North America in January 2020<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.foodbev.com/news/coke-launches-coca-cola-energy-and-new-cherry-flavour-in-the-us/ | title=Coke to launch Coca-Cola Energy and new cherry flavour in the US | date=October 3, 2019 }}</ref> and the United Kingdom in April.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cocacolaep.com/gb/news/2020/coca-cola-energy-debuts-brand-new-cherry-variant-plus-extra-coca-cola-taste-for-all-variants/ | title=Coca-Cola Energy debuts brand new cherry variant plus extra Coca-Cola taste for all variants | date=April 29, 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| Coca-Cola Creations
| style="text-align:center;"| 2022
| Limited edition variants of the original Coca-Cola formula that were made to appeal to younger consumers,<ref>{{cite web |title=Coca-Cola Launches Global Innovation Platform Coca-Cola Creations |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/coca-cola-launches-global-innovation-platform-coca-cola-creations-2022-02-18 |access-date=March 8, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Coca-Cola Creations - Essential Marketing |url=https://www.essentialmk.com/2022/08/11/coca-cola-creations/ |access-date=March 8, 2024 |date=August 11, 2022}}</ref> such as '''Coca-Cola Starlight'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.t3.com/news/coca-colas-new-byte-and-starlight-drinks-taste-of-the-future | title=Coca-Cola's new Intergalactic and Byte drinks taste of the future | date=April 27, 2022 |access-date=March 8, 2024 }}</ref> and '''Coca-Cola Ultimate'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Game On: Coca-Cola and Riot Games Team Up for 'Ultimate' Flavor and Experiences Celebrating Every Player's Journey |url=https://www.coca-colacompany.com/media-center/game-on-coca-cola-riot-games-team-up-ultimate-flavor-and-experiences |website=www.coca-colacompany.com |access-date=March 8, 2024}}</ref> They have been sold internationally as well.
|-
| Jack Daniel's and Coca-Cola
| style="text-align:center;"| 2022
| A ready-to-drink canned mixture of Tennessee whiskey and Coca-Cola. It debuted in Mexico in November 2022, and expanded to the United Kingdom and North America in March 2023,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.coca-cola.com/gb/en/media-center/jack-daniels-and-coca-cola-rtd-launch | title=Jack Daniel's® and Coca-Cola® RTD Launches in Great Britain }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.coca-colacompany.com/media-center/ready-to-drink-jack-and-coke-launches | title=Ready to Drink Jack and Coke Launches }}</ref> before expanding to other European territories, Asia and Latin America.
|-
| Coca-Cola Spiced
| style="text-align:center;"| 2024
| Coca-Cola with a Raspberry and spiced flavoring. It was sold in the United States and Canada from February<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coca-cola.com/us/en/offerings/coca-cola-spiced|title=Discover Coca-Cola Spiced: A New Raspberry & Spice Sensation|work=Coca-Cola|access-date=February 29, 2024}}</ref> until September 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-24 |title=Coca-Cola is pulling its newest 'permanent' flavor from store shelves |url=https://abc7.com/post/coca-cola-is-pulling-newest-permanent-spiced-flavor-store-shelves/15349361/ |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=ABC7 Los Angeles |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Oreo Coca-Cola Zero Sugar
| style="text-align: center;" |2024
|Limited edition variant of Coca-Cola made in collaboration with [[Biology:Oreo|Oreo]], sold in 35 countries across Europe, Asia, and North America starting in September 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coca-Cola and the OREO Brand are Teaming Up: 'Besties' Around the World Can Savor New Limited-Edition Drink and Cookie |url=https://www.coca-colacompany.com/media-center/coca-cola-and-the-oreo-brand-are-teaming-up |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=www.coca-colacompany.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| Coca-Cola Orange Cream
| style="text-align:center;" | 2025
| Similar in flavor to 2019's Coca-Cola Orange Vanilla but "zestier, smoother and creamier". It was sold as a year-long limited edition in the United States and Canada from March 2025 until Early-2026.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=Feb 26, 2025 |title='We All Scream for Orange Cream': Coca‑Cola Drops Retro-Inspired Flavor Innovation |url=https://www.coca-colacompany.com/media-center/coca-cola-drops-retro-inspired-flavor-innovation |website=ww.coca-colacompany.com |location= |publisher= |access-date=Mar 13, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| Coca-Cola Cherry Float
| style="text-align:center;" | 2026
| Similar to Coca-Cola Cherry Vanilla, but more creamer. Available in the United States<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coca-Cola Expands Its Cherry Portfolio with the Launch of Coca-Cola Cherry Float and the Nationwide Release of Diet Coke Cherry |url=https://www.coca-colacompany.com/media-center/coca-cola-cherry-float-and-diet-coke-cherry-launch-nationwide |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=www.coca-colacompany.com |language=en-US}}</ref>, Canada<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coca-Cola Expands Its Cherry Portfolio with Coca-Cola Cherry Float and the Nationwide Release of Diet Coke Cherry |url=https://www.coca-cola.com/ca/en/media-center/news/coca-cola-cherry-float-diet-coke-cherry-canada |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=Coca-Cola |language=en-CA}}</ref> and the United Kingdom<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-05 |title=Coca-Cola Introduces Cherry Float Flavour – Blending Retro Inspiration with an Iconic Cherry Taste |url=https://www.cocacolaep.com/gb/news-and-stories/coca-cola-introduces-cherry-float-flavour-blending-retro-inspiration-with-an-iconic-cherry-taste/ |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=Great Britain |language=en-GB}}</ref> from early-2026 as a new permanent variety.
|}

==={{anchor|Logo}} Logo design===
The Coca-Cola logo was created by John Pemberton's bookkeeper, Frank Mason Robinson, in 1885.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inventors.about.com/od/advertisingmedia/ss/Coca_Cola_Comp_2.htm |title=Coca-Cola Company&nbsp;– Red Spencerian Script |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090315204551/http://inventors.about.com/od/advertisingmedia/ss/Coca_Cola_Comp_2.htm |archive-date=March 15, 2009 |access-date=January 11, 2007 }}</ref> Robinson came up with the name and chose the logo's distinctive cursive script. The writing style used, known as Spencerian script, was developed in the mid-19th century and was the dominant form of formal handwriting in the United States during that period.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.coca-colajourney.com.au/stories/trace-the-130-year-evolution-of-the-coca-cola-logo |title=The 130-year Evolution of the Coca-Cola logo |website=The Coca-Cola Company |language=en-AU |access-date=July 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723182155/https://www.coca-colajourney.com.au/stories/trace-the-130-year-evolution-of-the-coca-cola-logo |archive-date=July 23, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Robinson also played a significant role in early Coca-Cola advertising. His promotional suggestions to Pemberton included giving away thousands of free drink coupons and plastering the city of Atlanta with publicity banners and streetcar signs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coca-cola-art.com/2008/06/05/frank-robinson/|title=Frank Robinson, creator of the Coca-Cola logo|date=June 5, 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090127042828/http://coca-cola-art.com/2008/06/05/frank-robinson/|archive-date=January 27, 2009|access-date=December 15, 2008}}</ref>

Coca-Cola came under scrutiny in Egypt in 1951 because of a [[Unsolved:Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theory]] that the Coca-Cola logo, when reflected in a mirror, spells out "No Mohammed no [[Place:Mecca|Mecca]]" in Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kamdar, Ismail|title=Of Wa-Hubbies and Conspiracies|website=Muslim Matters|date=March 23, 2011|url=http://muslimmatters.org/2011/03/23/of-wa-hubbies-and-conspiracies/|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121031852/https://muslimmatters.org/2011/03/23/of-wa-hubbies-and-conspiracies/|archive-date=January 21, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rumor calls Coke logo anti-Muslim |url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2000/05/22/rumor-calls-coke-logo-anti-muslim/ |access-date=March 20, 2024 |website=Tampa Bay Times |language=en}}</ref>

===Contour bottle design===
{{redirect|Coke bottle|the song|Coke Bottle (song)}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Earl R. Dean standing with the johnny bull machine.jpg|thumb|right|Earl R. Dean standing next to the Johnny Bull Machine, the mold machine used to produce the early Coca-Cola contour bottles]] -->
[[File:EB1911 Cocoa - Branch of Cocoa Tree.jpg|thumb|Illustration of a gourd-shaped cocoa pod in the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'']]

The Coca-Cola bottle, called the "contour bottle" within the company, was created by bottle designer Earl R. Dean and Coca-Cola's [[Social:General counsel|general counsel]], Harold Hirsch. In 1915, the Coca-Cola Company was represented by their general counsel to launch a competition among its bottle suppliers as well as any competition entrants to create a new bottle for their beverage that would distinguish it from other beverage bottles, "a bottle which a person could recognize even if they felt it in the dark, and so shaped that, even if broken, a person could tell at a glance what it was."<ref name="vigo.lib.in.us">{{cite web|title=Inventory: Earl R. Dean Collection|url=http://www.vigo.lib.in.us/archives/inventories/business/dean.php|publisher=Vigo County Public Library|access-date=December 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608214022/http://www.vigo.lib.in.us/archives/inventories/business/dean.php|archive-date=June 8, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/the-story-of-the-coca-cola-bottle | title=The Story of the Coca-Cola Bottle | publisher=[[Company:The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]] | date=February 26, 2015 | access-date=November 20, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119092136/http://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/the-story-of-the-coca-cola-bottle | archive-date=November 19, 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ccbanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/TBL_Spring-Summer_324.pdf | title=The Contour Bottle Celebrates Its 100th Birthday! | publisher=Coca-Cola Bottlers Association | date=2015 | access-date=November 20, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412085853/https://ccbanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/TBL_Spring-Summer_324.pdf | archive-date=April 12, 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="His Life and Madness">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bSAChoqpnHUC&q=harold+hirsch |last=Pendergrast |first=Mark |title=For God, Country, and Coca-Cola |publisher=Basic Books |year=2004 |page=104 |isbn=978-0-684-82679-0 |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227142753/https://books.google.com/books?id=bSAChoqpnHUC&q=harold+hirsch#v=snippet&q=harold%20hirsch |archive-date=December 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Chapman J. Root, president of the Root Glass Company of Terre Haute, Indiana, turned the project over to members of his supervisory staff, including company auditor T. Clyde Edwards, plant superintendent Alexander Samuelsson, and Earl R. Dean, bottle designer and supervisor of the bottle molding room. Root and his subordinates decided to base the bottle's design on one of the soda's two ingredients, the coca leaf or the kola nut, but were unaware of what either ingredient looked like. Dean and Edwards went to the Emeline Fairbanks Memorial Library and were unable to find any information about coca or kola. Instead, Dean was inspired by a picture of the gourd-shaped cocoa pod in the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Dean made a rough sketch of the pod and returned to the plant to show Root. He explained to Root how he could transform the shape of the pod into a bottle. Root gave Dean his approval.<ref name="vigo.lib.in.us" />

Faced with the upcoming scheduled maintenance of the mold-making machinery, over the next 24 hours, Dean sketched out a concept drawing, which was approved by Root the next morning. Chapman Root approved the prototype bottle, and a [[Engineering:Design patent|design patent]] was issued on the bottle in November 1915. The prototype never made it to production since its middle diameter was larger than its base, making it unstable on [[Engineering:Conveyor belt|conveyor belt]]s. Dean resolved this issue by decreasing the bottle's middle diameter. During the 1916 bottler's convention, Dean's contour bottle was chosen over other entries and was on the market the same year. By 1920, the contour bottle became the standard for the Coca-Cola Company. A revised version was also patented in 1923. Because the Patent Office releases the ''Patent Gazette'' on Tuesday, the bottle was patented on December 25, 1923, and was nicknamed the "Christmas bottle". Today, the contour Coca-Cola bottle is one of the most recognized packages on the planet.<ref name="history-of-bottling" />

As a reward for his efforts, Dean was offered a choice between a $500 bonus or a lifetime job at The Root Glass Company. He chose the lifetime job and kept it until the Owens-Illinois Glass Company bought out The Root Glass Company in the mid-1930s. Dean went on to work in other Midwestern glass factories.<ref name="Christenberry2011">{{cite book|author=Donna Gisolo Christenberry|title=Terre Haute: Farrington's Grove|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PN2HOJFxWRsC&pg=PA65|year=2011|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-8319-8|page=65|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223061941/https://books.google.com/books?id=PN2HOJFxWRsC&pg=PA65|archive-date=December 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Raymond Loewy updated the design in 1955 to accommodate larger formats.<ref name="coca_TheH">{{Cite web
| title = The History Behind the Coca-Cola Bottle
| work = The Coca-Cola Company
| access-date = October 20, 2019
| url = https://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/the-story-of-the-coca-cola-bottle
| quote = When King and Family sized packaging were introduced in 1955, Raymond Loewy was part of the team that worked to recast the bottle but still keep the proper proportions.
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190819164556/https://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/the-story-of-the-coca-cola-bottle
| archive-date = August 19, 2019
| url-status = live
}}</ref> Misinterpretations of comments Loewy made on his involvement have given rise to a popular misconception, misattributing him as the original designer of the Coke bottle.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bayley |first=Stephen |date=February 7, 2015 |title=The art of Coke |url=https://www.spectator.com.au/2015/02/happy-100th-birthday-to-a-pop-icon-the-coca-cola-bottle/ |access-date=June 19, 2024 |work=The Spectator}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mikkelson |first=Barbara |date=May 2, 1999 |title=Was the Coca-Cola Bottle Design an Accident? |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/coke-bottle-design-accident/ |access-date=June 19, 2024 |website=[[Philosophy:Snopes|Snopes]]}}</ref>

Others have attributed inspiration for the design not to the cocoa pod, but to a Victorian hooped dress.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/bottle.asp |title=Snopes urban legend of the Coca-Cola bottle shape |website=Snopes.com |date=May 2, 1999 |access-date=March 13, 2011 |archive-date=January 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118171338/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/coke-bottle-design-accident/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1944, Associate Justice [[Biography:Roger J. Traynor|Roger J. Traynor]] of the Supreme Court of California took advantage of a case involving a waitress injured by an exploding Coca-Cola bottle to articulate the doctrine of strict liability for defective products. Traynor's [[Social:Concurring opinion|concurring opinion]] in ''Escola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co.'' is widely recognized as a landmark case in US law today.<ref name="Friedman">{{cite book |last1=Friedman |first1=Lawrence M. |title=American Law in the 20th Century |date=2004 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |pages=356–357 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0kZNwJZxRr0C&pg=PA356 |isbn=978-0-300-10299-4 |access-date=December 11, 2021 |archive-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423112323/https://books.google.com/books?id=0kZNwJZxRr0C&pg=PA356 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="OConnell">{{cite journal|last1=O'Connell|first1=Jeffrey|last2=Linehan|first2=John|editor1-last=Carrington|editor1-first=Paul D.|editor2-last=Jones|editor2-first=Trina|title=The Rise and Fall (and Rise Again?) of Accident Law: A Continuing Saga|journal=Law and Class in America: Trends Since the Cold War|date=2006|pages=349–363|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dMMqAmkAyyYC&pg=PA353|access-date=February 12, 2017 |publisher=New York University Press |location=New York|isbn=978-0-8147-1654-0}}</ref><ref name="Feinman">{{cite book|last1=Feinman|first1=Jay M.|title=Law 101|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-934169-6|page=166|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7WfrAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166}}</ref><ref name="Vandall">{{cite book|last1=Vandall|first1=Frank J.|title=A History of Civil Litigation: Political and Economic Perspectives|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-978109-6|page=27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vw9pAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27}}</ref><ref name="Goldberg_Page_981">{{cite book |last1=Goldberg |first1=John C.P. |last2=Sebok |first2=Anthony J. |last3=Zipursky |first3=Benjamin C. |last4=Kendrick |first4=Leslie C. |title=Tort Law: Responsibilities and Redress |date=2021 |publisher=Wolters Kluwer |location=New York |isbn=978-1-5438-2108-6 |page=981 |edition=5th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9UeEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT1294 |access-date=December 11, 2021 |archive-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423112924/https://books.google.com/books?id=U9UeEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA981 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Examples====
<gallery widths="150px" heights="200px">
File:ContourBottleConceptSketch.jpg|Earl R. Dean's original 1915 concept drawing of the contour Coca-Cola bottle
File:1915 contour Coca-Cola contour bottle prototype.png|The prototype never made it to production since its middle diameter was larger than its base, making it unstable on [[Engineering:Conveyor belt|conveyor belt]]s.
File:Coca-Cola 1915 Contour bottle.jpg|Final production version with slimmer middle section
File:6 Coca-Cola bottles.jpg|Numerous historical Coke bottles
</gallery>

===Designer bottles===
[[File:Madonna's Coca-Coca bottle (7961835112).jpg|thumb|200px|A Coca-Cola bottle designed by Jean Paul Gaultier and inspired by American singer Madonna<ref name="Madonna bottle">{{cite web|title=Couture Coke Bottles Inspired by Madonna|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/lifestyle/2012/04/couture-coke-bottles-inspired-by-madonna|work=ABC News|first=Lauren|last=Torrisi|access-date=March 22, 2020|date=April 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323022520/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/lifestyle/2012/04/couture-coke-bottles-inspired-by-madonna|archive-date=March 23, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

Karl Lagerfeld is the latest designer to have created a collection of aluminum bottles for Coca-Cola. Lagerfeld is not the first fashion designer to create a special version of the famous Coca-Cola Contour bottle. A number of other limited edition bottles by fashion designers for Coca-Cola Light soda have been created in the last few years, including Jean Paul Gaultier.<ref name="Madonna bottle"/>

In 2009, in Italy, Coca-Cola Light had a Tribute to Fashion to celebrate 100 years of the recognizable contour bottle. Well known Italian designers Alberta Ferretti, Blumarine, Etro, [[Company:Fendi|Fendi]], Marni, Missoni, Moschino, and Versace each designed limited edition bottles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ifitshipitshere.blogspot.com/2010/04/coca-cola-light-get-dressed-by-another.html|title=Coca-Cola Light Gets Dressed By Another Designer, Karl Lagerfeld|access-date=May 14, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721082512/http://ifitshipitshere.blogspot.com/2010/04/coca-cola-light-get-dressed-by-another.html|archive-date=July 21, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, Coca-Cola shared the first beverage bottle made with ocean plastic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theinertia.com/environment/coca-cola-beverage-ocean-plastic-pollution/|title=Coca-Cola Unveils First Bottles Made With Recycled Ocean Plastic|last=Heyden|first=Dylan|website=The Inertia|date=October 9, 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=October 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010021828/https://www.theinertia.com/environment/coca-cola-beverage-ocean-plastic-pollution/|archive-date=October 10, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Competitors==
Pepsi, the flagship product of PepsiCo, the Coca-Cola Company's main rival in the soft drink industry, is usually second to Coke in sales, and outsells Coca-Cola in some markets. RC Cola, now owned by the Dr Pepper Snapple Group, the third-largest soft drink manufacturer, is also widely available.<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 4, 2003|title=Islamic cola launched in the UK|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2720803.stm|access-date=July 23, 2020|archive-date=March 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321181035/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2720803.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Around the world, many local brands compete with Coke. In South and Central America Kola Real, also known as Big Cola, is a growing competitor to Coca-Cola.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ricardo|last= Mireles |title= In Mexico, Big Cola is the real thing |url= http://www.logisticstoday.com/sNO/6366/iID/20876/LT/displayStory.asp|publisher=Logistics Today |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041109222153/http://www.logisticstoday.com/sNO/6366/iID/20876/LT/displayStory.asp |archive-date = November 9, 2004}}</ref> On the French island of [[Place:Corsica|Corsica]], Corsica Cola, made by brewers of the local Pietra beer, is a growing competitor to Coca-Cola. In the French region of Brittany, Breizh Cola is available. In Peru, Inca Kola outsells Coca-Cola, which led the Coca-Cola Company to purchase the brand in 1999. In Sweden, julmust outsells Coca-Cola during the Christmas season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kristallbeverage.com/KBJulmust.html |title=About Kristall Beverage |access-date=January 31, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031219013722/http://kristallbeverage.com/KBJulmust.html |archive-date=December 19, 2003 }}</ref> In Scotland, the locally produced Irn-Bru was more popular than Coca-Cola until 2005, when Coca-Cola and Diet Coke began to outpace its sales.<ref>Murden, Terry (January 30, 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20050304094426/http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/business.cfm?id=112872005 Coke adds life to health drinks sector]. ''Scotland on Sunday''. Retrieved February 14, 2006.</ref> In the former [[Place:East Germany|East Germany]], Vita Cola, invented during communist rule, is gaining popularity.

While Coca-Cola does not have the majority of the market share in India, The Coca-Cola Company's other brands like Thums Up and Sprite perform well. The Coca-Cola Company purchased Thums Up in 1993 when they re-entered the Indian market.<ref>Kripalani, Manjeet and Mark L. Clifford (February 10, 2003) [http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/03_06/b3819080.htm "Finally, Coke Gets It Right in India"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207052221/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/03_06/b3819080.htm |date=February 7, 2007 }}. ''BusinessWeek''. Retrieved August 9, 2006.</ref> {{As of|2023}}, Coca-Cola held a 9% market-share in India while Thums Up and Sprite had a 16% and 20% market share respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2023 |title=Coca-Cola And Pepsi Face New Threat In India As Country's Richest Person Revives Iconic Brand |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/coca-cola-pepsi-face-threat-114831176.html |access-date=October 3, 2023 |website=Yahoo Finance |language=en-US}}</ref>

Tropicola, a domestic drink, is served in Cuba instead of Coca-Cola, due to a United States embargo. French brand Mecca-Cola<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/industries/retail/mecca-cola-plans-new-factories-for-middle-east-148332 |date=March 1, 2007 |title=Mecca-Cola plans new factories for Middle East |work=www.arabianbusiness.com |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321181035/https://www.arabianbusiness.com/industries/retail/mecca-cola-plans-new-factories-for-middle-east-148332 |url-status=live }}</ref> and British brand Qibla Cola<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2003 |title='Protest' drinks range targets Muslims |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/apr/23/marketingandpr.iraq |access-date=March 2, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321181035/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/apr/23/marketingandpr.iraq |url-status=live }}</ref> are competitors to Coca-Cola in the Middle East.

In Turkey, Cola Turka, in Iran and the Middle East, Zamzam and Parsi Cola, in some parts of China, Future Cola, in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Kofola, in Slovenia, Cockta, and the inexpensive Mercator Cola, sold only in the country's biggest supermarket chain, Mercator, are some of the brand's competitors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cocking |first=Lauren |date=2019-03-14 |title=The Most Delicious Sodas From Around the World |url=https://www.fodors.com/news/photos/the-most-delicious-sodas-from-around-the-world |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=Fodors Travel Guide |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2021, Coca-Cola petitioned to cancel registrations for the marks Thums Up and Limca issued to Meenaxi Enterprise, Inc. based on misrepresentation of source. The Trademark Trial and Appeal Board concluded that "Meenaxi engaged in blatant misuse in a manner calculated to trade on the goodwill and reputation of Coca-Cola in an attempt to confuse consumers in the United States that its Thums Up and Limca marks were licensed or produced by the source of the same types of cola and lemon-lime soda sold under these marks for decades in India."<ref>{{cite news |date=June 28, 2021 |title=The Coca-Cola Companyv. Meenaxi Enterprise, Inc.|url=http://business.cch.com/ipld/CocaColaMeenaxieTTAB20210628.pdf|publisher=UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723234428/http://business.cch.com/ipld/CocaColaMeenaxieTTAB20210628.pdf|archive-date=July 23, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Advertising==

[[File:Cocacola-5cents-1900 edit1.jpg|thumb|upright|An 1890s advertisement showing model and operetta star [[Hilda Clark (soprano)|Hilda Clark]] in formal 19th century attire. The ad is titled ''Drink Coca-Cola 5¢''. (US).]]
Coca-Cola's first-ever advertisement was inside an 1886 issue of the ''Atlanta Journal'', calling the drink "Delicious! Refreshing! Exhilarating! Invigorating!"<ref name="ajc-wenk-25">{{cite news |last1=Wenk |first1=Amy |title=Coca-Cola is famous for its ads. Its first was in its hometown newspaper. |url=https://www.ajc.com/business/2025/12/coca-cola-is-famous-for-its-ads-its-first-was-in-its-hometown-newspaper/ |access-date=22 December 2025 |work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |date=22 December 2025}}</ref>
[[File:Santa Claus with White Rock Ginger Ale, December 1923 Ad (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Santa Claus in a White Rock Beverages ad from December 1923; pre-dating Coca-Cola's usage of Santa]]
Coca-Cola's advertising has significantly affected American culture, and it is frequently credited with inventing the modern image of Santa Claus as an old man in a red-and-white suit. Although the company did start using the red-and-white Santa image in the 1930s, with its winter advertising campaigns illustrated by Haddon Sundblom, the motif was already common.<ref>Barbara Mikkelson and David P. Mikkelson, "[http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/santa.asp The Claus That Refreshes]," snopes.com, February 27, 2001. Retrieved June 10, 2005. {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120526195849/http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/santa.asp |date=May 26, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="usir.salford.ac.uk">See George McKay [http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2227/ 'Consumption, Coca-colonisation, cultural resistance&nbsp;– and Santa Claus'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410051612/http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2227/ |date=April 10, 2015 }}, in Sheila Whiteley, ed. (2008) ''Christmas, Ideology and Popular Culture''. Edinburgh University Press, pp. 50–70.</ref> Coca-Cola was not even the first soft drink company to use the modern image of Santa Claus in its advertising: White Rock Beverages used Santa in advertisements for its ginger ale in 1923, after first using him to sell [[Chemistry:Mineral water|mineral water]] in 1915.<ref>The White Rock Collectors Association, "[http://www.whiterocking.org/santa.html#article Did White Rock or The Coca-Cola Company create the modern Santa Claus Advertisement?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213214926/http://www.snopes.com/holidays/christmas/santa/cocacola.asp#article |date=December 13, 2021 }}," whiterocking.org, 2001 . Retrieved January 19, 2007.</ref><ref>White Rock Beverages, "[http://www.bevnet.com/news/2006/12-18-2006-white_rock_coke_santa_claus.asp Coca-Cola's Santa Claus: Not The Real Thing!]," BevNET.com, December 18, 2006 . Retrieved January 19, 2007. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070117233916/http://www.bevnet.com/news/2006/12-18-2006-white_rock_coke_santa_claus.asp |date=January 17, 2007 }}</ref>


1941 saw the first use of the nickname "Coke" as an official trademark for the product, with a series of advertisements informing consumers that "Coke means Coca-Cola".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coca-colaconversations.com/my_weblog/2008/06/coke-means-coca.html |title=Coke means Coca-Cola |publisher=Coca-Cola Conversations |date=June 16, 2008 |access-date=March 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226184252/http://www.coca-colaconversations.com/my_weblog/2008/06/coke-means-coca.html |archive-date=February 26, 2011 }}</ref> In 1971, a song from a Coca-Cola commercial called "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing", produced by Billy Davis, became a hit single. During the 1950s the term ''cola wars'' emerged, describing the on-going battle between Coca-Cola and Pepsi for supremacy in the soft drink industry. Coca-Cola and Pepsi were competing with new products, global expansion, US marketing initiatives and sport sponsorships.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McKelvey|first=Steve M.|date=2006|title=Coca-Cola vs. PepsiCo — A 'Super' Battleground for the Cola Wars?|journal=Sport MarHeting Quarterly|volume=15|issue=2 |pages=114–123|doi=10.1177/106169340601500207 |citeseerx=10.1.1.392.5206}} </ref>

Coke's advertising is pervasive, as one of Woodruff's stated goals was to ensure that everyone on Earth drank Coca-Cola as their preferred beverage. This is especially true in southern areas of the United States, such as Atlanta, where Coke was born.[[File:Camion cocacola argentina 1942.jpg|thumb|right|Coca-Cola delivery truck of Argentina, with the slogan "Drink Coca-Cola – delicious, refreshing"]]Some Coca-Cola [[Engineering:Television advertisement|television commercials]] between 1960 through 1986 were written and produced by former Atlanta radio veteran Don Naylor (WGST 1936–1950, WAGA 1951–1959) during his career as a producer for the McCann Erickson advertising agency. Many of these early television commercials for Coca-Cola featured movie stars, sports heroes, and popular singers.

During the 1980s, Pepsi ran a series of television advertisements showing people participating in taste tests demonstrating that, according to the commercials, "fifty percent of the participants who said they preferred Coke {{em|actually}} chose the Pepsi."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kemp |first1=Martin |title=Christ to Coke: How Image Becomes Icon |date=2012 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-958111-5 |page=272 |language=en}}</ref> Coca-Cola ran ads to combat Pepsi's ads in an incident sometimes referred to as the ''cola wars''; one of Coke's ads compared the so-called Pepsi challenge to two [[Biology:Common chimpanzee|chimpanzees]] deciding which [[Engineering:Tennis ball|tennis ball]] was furrier. Thereafter, Coca-Cola regained its leadership in the market.

Selena was a spokesperson for Coca-Cola from 1989 until the time of her death. She filmed three commercials for the company. During 1994, to commemorate her five years with the company, Coca-Cola issued special Selena coke bottles.<ref>Orozco, Cynthia E. [http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fquxg Quintanilla Perez, Selena.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407230025/https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fquxg |date=April 7, 2020 }} The Handbook of Texas online. Retrieved on June 5, 2006</ref>

The Coca-Cola Company purchased Columbia Pictures in 1982, and began inserting Coke-product images into many of its films.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/23/business/coke-completes-columbia-merger.html|title=Coke Completes Columbia Merger|date=June 23, 1982|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 14, 2010|agency=Associated Press|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After a few early successes during Coca-Cola's ownership, Columbia began to underperform, and the studio was sold to [[Company:Sony|Sony]] in 1989.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fabrikant |first=Geraldine |title=DEAL IS EXPECTED FOR SONY TO BUY COLUMBIA PICTURES |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/26/business/deal-is-expected-for-sony-to-buy-columbia-pictures.html |access-date=May 22, 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=September 26, 1989 |page=1 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[File:Coca-cola (2).JPG|thumb|upright|Coke advertisement in [[Budapest]], 2013]]Coca-Cola has gone through a number of different [[Finance:Advertising slogan|advertising slogan]]s in its long history, including "It's the real thing",<ref name="cone2008">{{cite book |last1=Cone |first1=Steve |title=Powerlines: Words That Sell Brands, Grip Fans, and Sometimes Change History |date=July 1, 2008 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-57660-304-8 |page=133 |language=en}}</ref> "The pause that refreshes",<ref name="cone2008" /> "I'd like to buy the world a Coke",<ref>{{cite book |last1=Allan |first1=David |title=This Note's For You: Popular Music + Advertising = Marketing Excellence |date=January 20, 2015 |publisher=Business Expert Press |isbn=978-1-63157-002-5 |pages=1–8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KFNnBgAAQBAJ&dq=%22I%27d+like+to+buy+the+world+a+Coke%22&pg=PT13 |language=en}}</ref> and "Coke is it".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Garvey |first1=John H. |title=What are Freedoms For? |date=1996 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-31929-5 |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xan_o9STXMC&dq=%22Coke+is+it%22&pg=PA72 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1999, the Coca-Cola Company introduced the Coke Card, a loyalty program that offered deals on items like clothes, entertainment and food when the cardholder purchased a Coca-Cola Classic. The scheme was cancelled after three years, with a Coca-Cola spokesperson declining to state why.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coke Card loses its fizz |url=https://strategyonline.ca/2002/03/25/coke-20020325/ |website=Strategy |publisher=Brunico Communications Ltd |access-date=January 9, 2021 |date=March 25, 2002 |archive-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319072309/https://strategyonline.ca/2002/03/25/coke-20020325/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The company then introduced another loyalty campaign in 2006, [[Finance:My Coke Rewards|My Coke Rewards]]. This allows consumers to earn points by entering codes from specially marked packages of Coca-Cola products into a website. These points can be redeemed for various prizes or sweepstakes entries.<ref>[http://www.mycokerewards.com/ My Coke Rewards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104025504/http://www.mycokerewards.com/ |date=November 4, 2009 }} (Official Site)</ref>

In Australia in 2011, Coca-Cola began the "share a Coke" campaign, where the Coca-Cola logo was replaced on the bottles and replaced with first names. Coca-Cola used the 150 most popular names in Australia to print on the bottles.<ref>{{cite web |last=Burke |first=Jessica |url=http://www.foodmag.com.au/news/sharing-your-coke--marketing-genius-or-just-entire |title=Sharing your Coke: marketing genius or just entirely weird? |work=Foodmag.com.au |date=September 26, 2011 |access-date=February 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130180750/http://www.foodmag.com.au/news/sharing-your-coke--marketing-genius-or-just-entire |archive-date=January 30, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.voxy.co.nz/lifestyle/whats-name/240/105315 |title=What's in a Name? |publisher=Voxy.co.nz |date=October 25, 2011 |access-date=April 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305223011/http://www.voxy.co.nz/lifestyle/whats-name/240/105315 |archive-date=March 5, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.designtaxi.com/news/350737/For-Summer-Campaign-Coke-Prints-150-Popular-First-Names-on-Bottles/?page=1 |title=For Summer Campaign, Coke Prints 150 Popular First Names on Bottles |publisher=DesignTAXI.com |date=October 6, 2011 |access-date=April 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427073824/http://designtaxi.com/news/350737/For-Summer-Campaign-Coke-Prints-150-Popular-First-Names-on-Bottles/?page=1 |archive-date=April 27, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> The campaign was paired with a website page, Facebook page, and an online "share a virtual Coke". The same campaign was introduced to Coca-Cola, Diet Coke and Coke Zero bottles and cans in the UK in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coca-cola.co.uk/125/coca-cola-bottles-history.html|title=Coca‑Cola Bottles History|year=2013|publisher=Coca-Cola GB|location=London, UK|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916070046/http://www.coca-cola.co.uk/125/coca-cola-bottles-history.html|archive-date=September 16, 2011|access-date=May 28, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/share-a-coke-is-your-name-on-the-list-29298254.html|title=Share a Coke: Is your name on the list?|newspaper=The Belfast Telegraph|publisher=Independent News & Media|location=[[Place:Belfast|Belfast]], UK|date=May 27, 2013|access-date=May 28, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527061305/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/share-a-coke-is-your-name-on-the-list-29298254.html|archive-date=May 27, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Coca-Cola has also advertised its product to be consumed as a breakfast beverage, instead of coffee or tea for the morning caffeine.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/20/business/a-morning-cola-instead-of-coffee.html | title=A Morning Cola Instead of Coffee? | newspaper=The New York Times | date=January 20, 1988 | access-date=April 9, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424150535/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/20/business/a-morning-cola-instead-of-coffee.html | archive-date=April 24, 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=665JAAAAIBAJ&pg=4053,80769&dq=coca-cola+breakfast | title=Soft drink for breakfast could be your cup of tea | newspaper=Bangor Daily News | date=November 30, 1987 | access-date=April 9, 2013 | author=McGrath, Karen | archive-date=July 19, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719234648/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=665JAAAAIBAJ&pg=4053,80769&dq=coca-cola+breakfast | url-status=live }}</ref>[[File:Ft Dodge ghost sign.jpg|thumb|Coca-Cola [[ghost sign]] in Fort Dodge, Iowa. Older Coca-Cola ghosts behind Borax and telephone ads. April 2008.]]

===5 cents===

From 1886 to 1959, the price of Coca-Cola was fixed at five cents, in part due to an advertising campaign.

===Holiday campaigns===
Throughout the years, Coca-Cola has released limited-time collector bottles for Christmas.

[[File:Weihnachtstruck.jpg|thumb|upright|A [[Freightliner Trucks|Freightliner]] Coca-Cola Christmas truck in [[Place:Dresden|Dresden]], Germany, 2004]]

Debuted in 1995, the "Holidays are coming!" advertisement featured a train of red delivery trucks, emblazoned with the Coca-Cola name and decorated with [[Engineering:Christmas lights|Christmas lights]], driving through a snowy landscape and causing everything that they pass to light up and people to watch as they pass through.<ref name="Sandison">{{cite news|title=Coca-Cola revives popular 'holidays are coming' ad|last=Sandison|first=Nikki|work=Brand Republic|date=November 16, 2007|url=http://brandrepublic.com/News/767575/Coca-Cola-revives-popular-holidays-coming-ad/|access-date=January 22, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514201736/http://www.brandrepublic.com/News/767575/Coca-Cola-revives-popular-holidays-coming-ad/|archive-date=May 14, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=1995Ad>{{cite news |last1=Vadukul |first1=Alex |title=Coca-Cola's Holiday Ads Trade the 'Real Thing' for Generative A.I. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/20/style/coca-cola-holiday-ads-ai.html |access-date=December 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |url-access=limited | date=November 20, 2024}}</ref>

The advertisement fell into disuse in 2001, as the Coca-Cola Company restructured its advertising campaigns so that advertising around the world was produced locally in each country, rather than centrally in the company's headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia.<ref>{{cite news|work=The Guardian|last=Armstrong|first=Stephen|date=May 14, 2001|url=http://guardian.co.uk./media/2001/may/14/mondaymediasection6|publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|title=Coke goes for broke|access-date=November 15, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123155634/http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2001/may/14/mondaymediasection6|archive-date=November 23, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2007, the company brought back the campaign after, according to the company, many consumers telephoned its information center saying that they considered it to mark the beginning of Christmas.<ref name=Sandison /> The advertisement was created by US advertising agency Doner, and has been part of the company's global advertising campaign for many years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-7140327_ITM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206010554/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-7140327_ITM|archive-date=December 6, 2008|title=The Coca-Cola Challenge|date=October 22, 2004|work=Campaign|url-status=live}}</ref>

Keith Law, a producer and writer of commercials for Belfast CityBeat, was not convinced by Coca-Cola's reintroduction of the advertisement in 2007, saying that "I do not think there's anything Christmassy about HGVs and the commercial is too generic."<ref>{{cite news|title=Do TV campaigns ad up?|last=Hardy|first=Jane|date=December 27, 2007|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk./lifestyle/do-tv-campaigns-ad-up-13505247.html|work=The Belfast Telegraph|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530045617/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/do-tv-campaigns-ad-up-13505247.html|archive-date=May 30, 2012}}</ref>

In 2001, singer Melanie Thornton recorded the campaign's advertising jingle as a single, "Wonderful Dream (Holidays Are Coming)", which entered the pop-music charts in Germany at no. 9.<ref>{{cite news|work=Der Spiegel|language=de|date=November 25, 2001|title=Melanie Thornton: "Ich wollte immer Musik"|url=http://spiegel.de./panorama/0,1518,169615,00.html|publisher=SPIEGELnet GmbH|access-date=November 15, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211064152/http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/0,1518,169615,00.html|archive-date=December 11, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Prentiss Findlay|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-2079594_ITM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206010548/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-2079594_ITM|archive-date=December 6, 2008|title=Charleston native Thornton to be buried on Saturday.|date=December 7, 2001|work=The Post and Courier|url-status=live|location=Charleston, SC}}</ref> In 2005, Coca-Cola expanded the advertising campaign to radio, employing several variations of the jingle.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coca-Cola restructures in healthy drinks focus|last=Clark|first=Nicola|date=November 29, 2005|work=Brand Republic|url=http://brandrepublic.com./News/530102/Coca-Cola-restructures-healthy-drinks-focus/|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110708090950/http://brandrepublic.com./News/530102/Coca-Cola-restructures-healthy-drinks-focus/ |archive-date = July 8, 2011}}</ref>

In 2011, Coca-Cola launched a campaign for the Indian holiday Diwali. The campaign included commercials, a song, and an integration with Shah Rukh Khan's film ''Ra.One''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bestmediainfo.com/2011/10/coca-cola-launches-its-diwali-campaign/ |title=Coca-Cola launches its Diwali campaign |work=Bestmediainfo.com |date=October 13, 2011 |access-date=April 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522073503/http://www.bestmediainfo.com/2011/10/coca-cola-launches-its-diwali-campaign/ |archive-date=May 22, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJeC_XTBSiQ|title=Coca-Cola Diwali!|date=November 12, 2010|publisher=YouTube|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120202637/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJeC_XTBSiQ|archive-date=November 20, 2010|access-date=April 23, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Heikkila |first=Pia |url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/industry-insights/media/from-bollywood-to-the-world |title=From Bollywood to the world |work=The National |date=May 25, 2010 |access-date=April 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721134145/http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/industry-insights/media/from-bollywood-to-the-world |archive-date=July 21, 2012 }}</ref>

In November 2024, Coca-Cola released three short [[Generative artificial intelligence|AI-generated]] videos as its Christmas ads, reviving the original 1995 "Holidays are Coming" commercials. The ads were created by three AI studios: Secret Level, Silverside AI, and the Wild Card.<ref name=1995Ad/> Upon its release, the commercials drew backlash on [[Social:Social media|social media]],<ref name=1995Ad/> including criticism from Alex Hirsch, the creator of ''Gravity Falls''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Di Placido|first=Dani|date=November 16, 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danidiplacido/2024/11/16/coca-colas-ai-generated-ad-controversy-explained/|title=Coca Cola's AI-Generated Ad Controversy, Explained|magazine=Forbes|access-date=November 19, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Horvath|first=Bruna|date=November 18, 2024|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/innovation/coca-cola-causes-controversy-ai-made-ad-rcna180665|title=Coca-Cola causes controversy with AI-made ad|publisher=NBC News|access-date=November 19, 2024}}</ref> The company defended the ads, writing to ''The New York Times'' "Coca-Cola will always remain dedicated to creating the highest level of work at the intersection of human creativity and technology".<ref name=1995Ad/> The next year, in November 2025, Coca-Cola released another artificial intelligence commercial, executives claiming that this time it is more different from last year's.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zeitchik |first=Steven |date=2025-11-03 |title=Coca-Cola Is Trying Another AI Holiday Ad. Executives Say This Time Is Different |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/coke-new-ai-holiday-ad-video-1236416491/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Sports sponsorship===
[[File:Olympiakisojen virallisen kisajuoman myyntipiste Hesperian puistossa 1952.jpg|thumb|Competition drinks sales point in Helsinki during the [[1952 Summer Olympics|1952 Olympics]]]]
[[File:Wataru Endo at Iran-Japan pre-match conference.jpg|thumb|right|Coca-Cola bottles at a football press conference in 2019]]
Coca-Cola was the first commercial [[Engineering:Sponsor (commercial)|sponsor]] of the [[Social:Olympic Games|Olympic Games]], at the 1928 games in [[Place:Amsterdam|Amsterdam]], and has been an Olympics sponsor ever since.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/sponsors/coca-cola|title=Coca-Cola|publisher=Olympic Movement|access-date=August 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821045818/http://www.olympic.org/sponsors/coca-cola|archive-date=August 21, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> This corporate sponsorship included the 1996 Summer Olympics hosted in Atlanta, which allowed Coca-Cola to spotlight its hometown. Most recently, Coca-Cola has released localized commercials for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver; one Canadian commercial referred to Canada's hockey heritage and was modified after Canada won the gold medal game on February 28, 2010, by changing the ending line of the commercial to say "Now they know whose game they're playing".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99msEwWpJBE |title=YouTube Post of Coca-Cola 2010 Olympic Hockey Commercial |website=[[Company:YouTube|YouTube]] |date=March 2010 |access-date=March 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629051932/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99msEwWpJBE |archive-date=June 29, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Since 1978, Coca-Cola has sponsored the FIFA World Cup, and other competitions organized by FIFA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/marketing/sponsorship/partners/coca-cola.html|title=FIFA Partners|website=FIFA.com|language=en-GB|access-date=August 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813010802/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/marketing/sponsorship/partners/coca-cola.html|archive-date=August 13, 2017}}</ref> One FIFA tournament trophy, the FIFA World Youth Championship from Tunisia in 1977 to Malaysia in 1997, was called "FIFA&nbsp;– Coca-Cola Cup". In addition, Coca-Cola sponsors NASCAR's annual Coca-Cola 600 and Coke Zero Sugar 400 at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina and Daytona International Speedway in Daytona, Florida, respectively; since 2020, Coca-Cola has served as a premier partner of the NASCAR Cup Series, which includes holding the naming rights to the series' regular season championship trophy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smoot |first=Hannah |date=December 5, 2019 |title=NASCAR signs 4 sponsors for NASCAR Cup Series in 'monumental year' for the sport |url=https://www.charlotteobserver.com/sports/nascar-auto-racing/article238067789.html |website=The Charlotte Observer}}</ref> Coca-Cola is also the sponsor of the [[Software:IRacing|iRacing]] Pro Series.

Coca-Cola has a long history of sports marketing relationships, which over the years have included Major League Baseball, the National Football League, the National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League, as well as with many teams within those leagues. Coca-Cola has had a longtime relationship with the NFL's Pittsburgh Steelers, due in part to the now-famous 1979 television commercial featuring "Mean Joe" Greene, leading to the two opening the Coca-Cola Great Hall at Heinz Field in 2001 and a more recent Coca-Cola Zero commercial featuring Troy Polamalu.

Coca-Cola is the official soft drink of many collegiate football teams throughout the nation, partly due to Coca-Cola providing those schools with upgraded athletic facilities in exchange for Coca-Cola's sponsorship. This is especially prevalent at the high school level, which is more dependent on such contracts due to tighter budgets.

Coca-Cola was one of the official sponsors of the 1996 Cricket World Cup held on the [[Earth:Indian subcontinent|Indian subcontinent]]. Coca-Cola is also one of the associate sponsors of Delhi Capitals in the Indian Premier League.

In England, Coca-Cola was the main sponsor of The Football League between 2004 and 2010, a name given to the three professional divisions below the Premier League in soccer. In 2005, Coca-Cola launched a competition for the 72 clubs of The Football League&nbsp;– it was called "Win a Player". This allowed fans to place one vote per day for their favorite club, with one entry being chosen at random earning £250,000 for the club; this was repeated in 2006. The "Win A Player" competition was very controversial, as at the end of the 2 competitions, Leeds United A.F.C. had the most votes by more than double, yet they did not win any money to spend on a new player for the club. In 2007, the competition changed to "Buy a Player". This competition allowed fans to buy a bottle of Coca-Cola or Coca-Cola Zero and submit the code on the wrapper on the Coca-Cola website. This code could then earn anything from 50p to £100,000 for a club of their choice. This competition was favored over the old "Win a Player" competition, as it allowed all clubs to win some money. Between 1992 and 1998, Coca-Cola was the title sponsor of the Football League Cup (Coca-Cola Cup), the secondary cup tournament of England. Starting in 2019–20 season, Coca-Cola has agreed its biggest UK sponsorship deal by becoming Premier League soccer's seventh and final commercial partner<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45510553#:~:text=Drinks%20giant%20Coca%2DCola%20has,Tag%20Heuer%20and%20EA%20Sports|title=Premier League signs Coca-Cola as sponsor|last=Wilson|first=Bill|work=BBC News|date=September 18, 2018|access-date=January 4, 2021|archive-date=March 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321181205/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45510553#:~:text=Drinks%20giant%20Coca%2DCola%20has,Tag%20Heuer%20and%20EA%20Sports|url-status=live}}</ref> for the UK and Ireland, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, [[Place:Singapore|Singapore]], [[Place:Egypt|Egypt]]ian and the [[Place:West Africa|West Africa]]n markets.

Between 1994 and 1997, Coca-Cola was also the title sponsor of the Scottish League Cup, renaming it to the Coca-Cola Cup like its English counterpart. From 1998 to 2001, the company was the title sponsor of the Irish League Cup in Northern Ireland, where it was named the Coca-Cola League Cup.

Coca-Cola is the presenting sponsor of the Tour Championship, the final event of the PGA Tour held each year at East Lake Golf Club in Atlanta, Georgia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pgatour.com/tournaments/tour-championship-by-coca-cola.html|title=TOUR Championship by Coca-Cola|work=PGATour|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803233217/http://www.pgatour.com/tournaments/tour-championship-by-coca-cola.html|archive-date=August 3, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Introduced March 1, 2010, in Canada, to celebrate the 2010 Winter Olympics, Coca-Cola sold gold colored cans in packs of 12 {{convert|355|mL|0|abbr=on}} each, in select stores.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coca-Cola to Release Gold Can Commemorating the 2010 Olympics|url=http://bevwire.wordpress.com/2010/03/01/coca-cola-to-release-gold-can-commemorating-the-2010-olympics/|publisher=BevWire|access-date=March 22, 2010|date=March 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312102638/http://bevwire.wordpress.com/2010/03/01/coca-cola-to-release-gold-can-commemorating-the-2010-olympics/|archive-date=March 12, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>

Coca-Cola which has been a partner with UEFA since 1988.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/portugal-por/story/4410619/cristiano-ronaldo-snub-sees-coca-cola-share-price-fall-by-$4bn |title=Cristiano Ronaldo snub sees Coca-Cola market value fall by $4bn |website=ESPN |date=June 16, 2021 |access-date=June 17, 2021 |archive-date=April 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408070829/https://www.espn.com/soccer/portugal-por/story/4410619/cristiano-ronaldo-snub-sees-coca-cola-share-price-fall-by-$4bn |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== In mass media ===
[[File:VWT2 Coca Cola.JPG|thumb|left|Coca-Cola advertised on a [[Volkswagen T2]] in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, 2012]]

Coca-Cola has been prominently featured in many films and television programs. It was a major plot element in films such as ''One, Two, Three'', ''The Coca-Cola Kid'', and ''The Gods Must Be Crazy'', among many others. In music, such as in the Beatles' song, "Come Together", the lyrics say, "He shoot Coca-Cola". The Beach Boys also referenced Coca-Cola in their 1964 song "All Summer Long", singing "Member when you spilled Coke all over your blouse?"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/All-Summer-Long-lyrics-Beach-Boys/A1E9E6CD61DA8C5F482569820027FD26 |title=All Summer Long Lyrics – Beach Boys |publisher=Sing365.com |access-date=April 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709051217/http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/All-Summer-Long-lyrics-Beach-Boys/A1E9E6CD61DA8C5F482569820027FD26 |archive-date=July 9, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The best selling solo artist of all time<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best-selling solo artist |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/best-selling-solo-artist |access-date=March 26, 2021 |website=Guinness World Records |archive-date=June 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624165649/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/best-selling-solo-artist |url-status=live }}</ref> Elvis Presley, promoted Coca-Cola during his last tour of 1977.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mdJeY-r9To |title=Elvis Presley |publisher=YouTube |date=June 21, 1977 |access-date=August 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314135816/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mdJeY-r9To |archive-date=March 14, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Coca-Cola Company used Presley's image to promote the product.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rica.alfahosting.org/everythingelvis/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23196:coca-cola-celebrates-125th-anniversary-with-elvis-and-coke&catid=26:elvis-presley-news&Itemid=107 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120425231553/http://rica.alfahosting.org/everythingelvis/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23196:coca-cola-celebrates-125th-anniversary-with-elvis-and-coke&catid=26:elvis-presley-news&Itemid=107 |archive-date=April 25, 2012 |title=Coca Cola celebrates 125th anniversary with 'Elvis and Coke' |publisher=Rica.alfahosting.org |access-date= April 23, 2012}}</ref> For example, the company used a song performed by Presley, "A Little Less Conversation", in a Japanese Coca-Cola commercial.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elvisnews.com/news.aspx/elvis-music-in-japanese-coca-cola-commercial/13178 |title=Elvis Music in Japanese Coca-Cola Commercial – Misc |publisher=ElvisNews.com |access-date=April 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415053157/http://www.elvisnews.com/news.aspx/elvis-music-in-japanese-coca-cola-commercial/13178 |archive-date=April 15, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Other artists that promoted Coca-Cola include David Bowie,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guitars101.com/forums/f145/david-bowie-coca-cola-planet-live-rare-euro-promo-flac-64418.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906044352/http://www.guitars101.com/forums/f145/david-bowie-coca-cola-planet-live-rare-euro-promo-flac-64418.html |archive-date=September 6, 2012 |title=David Bowie: Coca-Cola Planet Live (Rare Euro Promo) FLAC – Guitars101 – Guitar Forums |publisher=Guitars101 |access-date=April 23, 2012 }}</ref> George Michael,<ref>{{YouTube|gp5SioXLdXQ|Diet Coke commercial}}</ref> [[Biography:Elton John|Elton John]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfOepK2CgLc |title=Coca Cola Light CM – Elton John |date=May 8, 2007 |publisher=YouTube |access-date=April 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520213349/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfOepK2CgLc |archive-date=May 20, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> and Whitney Houston,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTg9BQn3PVU |title=Whitney Houston – Diet Coke Commercial (1986) |publisher=YouTube |date=June 14, 2010 |access-date=April 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520150658/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTg9BQn3PVU |archive-date=May 20, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> who appeared in the Diet Coke commercial, among many others.

Not all musical references to Coca-Cola went well. A line in "Lola" by the Kinks was originally recorded as "You drink champagne and it tastes just like Coca-Cola." When the British Broadcasting Corporation refused to play the song because of the commercial reference, lead singer Ray Davies re-recorded the lyric as "it tastes just like cherry cola" to get airplay for the song.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10483279">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/radio-industry/news/article.cfm?c_id=295&objectid=10483279&ref=rss |title=Banning songs not a rare occurrence for the BBC |date=December 19, 2007 |work=The New Zealand Herald |access-date=October 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522195645/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/radio-industry/news/article.cfm?c_id=295&objectid=10483279&ref=rss |archive-date=May 22, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ucr rerecord">{{cite web|last1=Giles|first1=Jeff|title=45 Years Ago: Ray Davies Flies Across the Atlantic&nbsp;– Twice!&nbsp;– to Re-Record Two Words in 'Lola'|url=http://ultimateclassicrock.com/kinks-lola-lyric-changes/|website=Ultimate Classic Rock|date=June 3, 2015 |access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607022039/http://ultimateclassicrock.com/kinks-lola-lyric-changes/|archive-date=June 7, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Political cartoonist Michel Kichka satirized a famous Coca-Cola billboard in his 1982 poster "And I Love New York." On the billboard, the Coca-Cola wave is accompanied by the words "Enjoy Coke." In Kichka's poster, the lettering and script above the Coca-Cola wave instead read "Enjoy Cocaine."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rogallery.com/Kichka_Michel/kichka-new_york.html|title=And I Love New York|publisher=Rogallery.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804104428/http://rogallery.com/Kichka_Michel/kichka-new_york.html|archive-date=August 4, 2008|access-date=November 10, 2012}}</ref>

==Use as political and corporate symbol==
[[File:Space Shuttle Coca-Cola dispenser, Atlanta, Georgia (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Astronauts served Coca-Cola from this device on the [[STS-63|Space Shuttle]] in 1995.]]

Coca-Cola has a high degree of identification with the United States, being considered by some an "American Brand" or as an item representing America, criticized as Cocacolonization. After World War II, this gave rise to the brief production of White Coke at the request of and for Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov, who did not want to be seen drinking a symbol of American imperialism. The bottles were given by the President Eisenhower during a conference, and Marshal Zhukov enjoyed the drink. The bottles were disguised as vodka bottles, with the cap having a red star design, to avoid suspicion of Soviet officials.<ref name=NYT>{{cite news|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/15/business/viewpoints-a-brief-history-of-coca-colonization.html|title=Viewpoints; A Brief History of Coca-Colonization|author=Mark Pendergrast|date=August 15, 1993|access-date=September 12, 2012|page=256|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120082810/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/15/business/viewpoints-a-brief-history-of-coca-colonization.html|archive-date=November 20, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

Coca-Cola was introduced to China in 1927, and was very popular until 1949. After the Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, the beverage was no longer imported into China, as it was perceived to be a symbol of decadent [[Social:Western culture|Western culture]] and [[Philosophy:Capitalism|capitalist]] lifestyle. Importation and sales of the beverage resumed in 1979, after diplomatic relations between the United States and China were restored.<ref name=weibo>{{cite web|last=Koetse|first=Manya|title=Coca Cola in China|work=Marketing|publisher=whatsonweibo.com|location=Netherlands|date=September 24, 2015|url=http://www.whatsonweibo.com/coca-cola-in-china/|access-date=May 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617165423/http://www.whatsonweibo.com/coca-cola-in-china/|archive-date=June 17, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The agreement to allow Coca-Cola into the Chinese market was reached during Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States.<ref name=":04">{{Cite book |last=Crean |first=Jeffrey |title=The Fear of Chinese Power: an International History |date=2024 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-350-23394-2 |edition= |series=New Approaches to International History series |location=London, UK}}</ref>{{Rp|page=137}}

There are some consumer boycotts of Coca-Cola in [[Place:Arab world|Arab countries]] due to Coke's early investment in Israel during the Arab League boycott of Israel (its competitor Pepsi stayed out of Israel).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.inminds.co.uk/boycott-coca-cola.html |title=Boycott Israel Campaign page on Coca-Cola |access-date=August 3, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070907035921/http://www.inminds.co.uk/boycott-coca-cola.html |archive-date=September 7, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mecca-Cola and Pepsi are popular alternatives in the Middle East.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/31/international/europe/31FRAN.html |title=They Choke on Coke, But Savor Mecca-Cola |last1=Tagliabue |first1=John |date=December 31, 2002 |via=NYTimes.com |work=The New York Times|access-date=July 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616072000/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/31/international/europe/31FRAN.html |archive-date=June 16, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

A Coca-Cola fountain dispenser (officially a Fluids Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus or FGBA) was developed for use on the [[Engineering:Space Shuttle|Space Shuttle]] as a test bed to determine if carbonated beverages can be produced from separately stored carbon dioxide, water, and flavored syrups and determine if the resulting fluids can be made available for consumption without bubble nucleation and resulting foam formation. FGBA-1 flew on [[Engineering:STS-63|STS-63]] in 1995 and dispensed pre-mixed beverages, followed by FGBA-2 on [[Engineering:STS-77|STS-77]] the next year. The latter mixed {{CO2}}, water, and syrup to make beverages. It supplied 1.65&nbsp;liters each of Coca-Cola and Diet Coke.<ref name="CokeInSpace">{{Cite web |url=http://www.collectspace.com/ubb/Forum14/HTML/000692.html |title=Coke machines on-board the space shuttle |last=Pearlman |first=Robert |website=CollectSpace |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022055341/http://www.collectspace.com/ubb/Forum14/HTML/000692.html |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/shuttle_pk/pk/Flight_077_STS-077_Press_Kit.pdf|title=Space Shuttle Mission STS-77|last=Orloff|first=Richard W.|date=January 2001|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|orig-date=Press Kit May 1996|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030327212757/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/shuttle_pk/pk/Flight_077_STS-077_Press_Kit.pdf|archive-date=March 27, 2003|access-date=June 13, 2009}}</ref>

The drink is also often a metonym for the Coca-Cola Company.

== Medicinal application ==
Coca-Cola is sometimes used for the treatment of gastric phytobezoars. In about 50% of cases studied, Coca-Cola alone was found to be effective in gastric [[Medicine:Phytobezoar|phytobezoar]] dissolution. This treatment can however result in the potential of developing small bowel obstruction in a minority of cases, necessitating surgical intervention.<ref name=Iwamuro2015>{{cite journal |author1=Iwamuro M. |author2=Okada H. |author3=Matsueda K. |author4=Inaba T. |author5=Kusumoto C. |author6=Imagawa A. |author7=Yamamoto K. | year = 2015 | title = Review of the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal bezoars | journal = World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy | volume = 7 | issue = 4| pages = 336–345 | doi = 10.4253/wjge.v7.i4.336 |pmc=4400622 | pmid=25901212 |doi-access=free |issn=1948-5190 }}</ref>

==Criticism==

Criticism of Coca-Cola has arisen from various groups around the world, concerning a variety of issues, including health effects, environmental issues, and business practices. The drink's coca flavoring, and the nickname "Coke", remain a common theme of criticism due to the relationship with the illegal drug cocaine. In 1911, the US government seized 40 barrels and 20 kegs of Coca-Cola syrup in Chattanooga, Tennessee, alleging the caffeine in its drink was "injurious to health", leading to amended food safety legislation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Benjamin|first1=Ludy T.|last2=Rogers|first2=Anne M.|last3=Rosenbaum|first3=Angela|date=January 1, 1991|title=Coca-Cola, caffeine, and mental deficiency: Harry Hollingworth and the Chattanooga trial of 1911|journal=Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences|language=en|volume=27|issue=1|pages=42–55|doi=10.1002/1520-6696(199101)27:1<42::AID-JHBS2300270105>3.0.CO;2-1|pmid=2010614|issn=1520-6696}}</ref>

Beginning in the 1940s, PepsiCo started marketing their drinks to African Americans, a niche market that was largely ignored by [[Biology:Caucasian race|white]]-owned manufacturers in the US, and was able to use its [[Social:Anti-racism|anti-racism]] stance as a selling point, attacking Coke's reluctance to hire blacks and support by the chairman of the Coca-Cola Company for segregationist Governor of Georgia Herman Talmadge.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/business/06boyd.html?_r=1&ref=obituaries&oref=slogin|last=Martin|first=Douglas|date=May 6, 2007|title=Edward F. Boyd Dies at 92; Marketed Pepsi to Blacks.|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214011657/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/business/06boyd.html?_r=1&ref=obituaries&oref=slogin|archive-date=December 14, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result of this campaign, PepsiCo's market share as compared to Coca-Cola's shot up dramatically in the 1950s with African American soft-drink consumers three times more likely to purchase Pepsi over Coke.<ref>Brian D. Behnken, Gregory D. Smithers (2015). "Racism in American Popular Media: From Aunt Jemima to the Frito Bandito". p. 34. ABC-CLIO</ref>

The Coca-Cola Company, its subsidiaries and products have been subject to sustained criticism by consumer groups, environmentalists, and watchdogs, particularly since the early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Delshad |first1=Irani |title=Is Coca-Cola an easy target? Or are its critics right? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/brand-equity/is-coca-cola-an-easy-target-or-are-its-critics-right/articleshow/51106125.cms |newspaper=The Economic Times |access-date=July 31, 2018 |date=February 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801034412/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/brand-equity/is-coca-cola-an-easy-target-or-are-its-critics-right/articleshow/51106125.cms |archive-date=August 1, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, BreakFreeFromPlastic named Coca-Cola the single biggest plastic polluter in the world. After 72,541 volunteers collected 476,423 pieces of plastic waste from around where they lived, a total of 11,732 pieces were found to be labeled with a Coca-Cola brand (including the Dasani, Sprite, and Fanta brands) in 37 countries across four continents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90425011/coca-cola-nestle-and-pepsico-are-the-worlds-biggest-plastic-polluters-again|title=Coca-Cola, Nestlé, and PepsiCo are the world's biggest plastic polluters—again|last=Segran|first=Elizabeth|date=November 1, 2019|website=Fast Company|language=en-US|access-date=February 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208145659/https://www.fastcompany.com/90425011/coca-cola-nestle-and-pepsico-are-the-worlds-biggest-plastic-polluters-again|archive-date=February 8, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> At the 2020 [[Organization:World Economic Forum|World Economic Forum]] in Davos, Coca-Cola's head of sustainability, Bea Perez, said customers like them because they reseal and are lightweight, and "business won't be in business if we don't accommodate consumers."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Thomas|first=Daniel|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51197463|title=People still want plastic bottles, says Coca-Cola|date=January 21, 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=February 17, 2020|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130025249/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51197463|archive-date=January 30, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2022, Coca-Cola announced that it will aim to make 25 percent of its packaging reusable by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 16, 2022|title=Coca-Cola Pledges 25% Reusable Packaging by 2030 - February 16, 2022|url=https://dailynewsbrief.com/2022/02/16/coca-cola-pledges-25-reusable-packaging-by-2030/|access-date=February 16, 2022|website=The Daily NewsBrief|language=en-US|archive-date=March 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319192200/https://dailynewsbrief.com/subscribe/monthly/?mepr-unauth-page=15342&redirect_to=%2F2022%2F02%2F16%2Fcoca-cola-pledges-25-reusable-packaging-by-2030%2F|url-status=live}}</ref>

Coca-Cola Classic is rich in sugars, especially [[Chemistry:Sucrose|sucrose]], which causes dental caries when consumed regularly. Besides this, the high caloric value of the sugars themselves can contribute to obesity. Both are major health issues in the developed world.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gupta|first1=Prahlad|last2=Gupta|first2=Nidhi|last3=Pawar|first3=Atish Prakash|last4=Birajdar|first4=Smita Shrishail|last5=Natt|first5=Amanpreet Singh|last6=Singh|first6=Harkanwal Preet|date=December 29, 2013|title=Role of Sugar and Sugar Substitutes in Dental Caries: A Review|journal=ISRN Dentistry|volume=2013|doi=10.1155/2013/519421|issn=2090-4371|pmc=3893787|pmid=24490079|article-number=519421|doi-access=free}}</ref>

In February 2021, Coca-Cola received criticism after a video of a training session, which told employees to "try to be less white", was leaked by an employee. The session also said in order to be "less white" employees had to be less "arrogant" and "defensive".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/366132|title=Coca-Cola Asks Its Workers to Be 'Less White' to Fight Racism|last=Del Río|first=Mairem|website=entrepreneur.com|date=February 25, 2021|access-date=March 13, 2021|archive-date=December 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209080742/https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/366132}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/coca-cola-racism-robin-diangelo-coke-b1806122.html|title=Coca-Cola faces backlash over seminar asking staff to 'be less white'|last=Bremner|first=Jade|website=The Independent|date=February 24, 2021|access-date=March 13, 2021|archive-date=March 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321181042/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/coca-cola-racism-robin-diangelo-coke-b1806122.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The company, along with Pepsico and other American conglomerates, has faced criticism and an ongoing boycott by the pro-Palestine movement, especially amidst the Gaza war.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Jiménez |first1=Miguel |last2=Pita |first2=Antonio |date=2024-02-18 |title=Pro-Gaza boycotts take a toll on US multinationals in the Middle East and wider Muslim world |url=https://english.elpais.com/economy-and-business/2024-02-18/pro-gaza-boycotts-take-a-toll-on-us-multinationals-in-the-middle-east-and-wider-muslim-world.html |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=#BoycottCocaCola |url=https://www.foa.org.uk/campaign/boycottcocacola |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=FOA - Friends of Al-Aqsa |language=en}}</ref> Critics pointed to the company's ties with Israel, including its donations to far-right Zionist organization [[Organization:Im Tirtzu|Im Tirtzu]], to justify the boycott.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alghoul |first=Diana |date=7 May 2017 |title=Coca-Cola 'donated thousands of dollars' to extremist Zionist group |url=https://www.newarab.com/features/coca-cola-donated-thousands-dollars-extremist-zionist-group |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=The New Arab}}</ref> In June 2024, Coca-Cola's Bangladesh distributor ran an ad in Bangladesh—where it faced a heavy boycott—attempting to distance the company from Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmud |first=Faisal |title=Coca-Cola ad in Bangladesh sparks backlash for 'denying ties with Israel' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/12/coca-cola-ad-in-bangladesh-sparks-backlash-for-denying-ties-with-israel |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>

===Colombian death-squad allegations===

In July 2001, the Coca-Cola Company was sued over its alleged use of far-right death squads (the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia) to kidnap, torture, and kill Colombian bottler workers that were linked with trade union activity. Coca-Cola was sued in a US federal court in Miami by the Colombian food and drink union Sinaltrainal. The suit alleged that Coca-Cola was indirectly responsible for having "contracted with or otherwise directed paramilitary security forces that utilized extreme violence and murdered, tortured, unlawfully detained or otherwise silenced trade union leaders". This sparked campaigns to boycott Coca-Cola in the UK, US, Germany, Italy, and Australia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coca-Cola Accused|newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 29, 2001 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/29/weekinreview/july-22-28-coca-cola-accused.html|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224203333/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/29/weekinreview/july-22-28-coca-cola-accused.html|archive-date=December 24, 2019|url-status=live|last1=Forero |first1=Juan }}</ref><ref name="Guardian">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/jul/24/marketingandpr.colombia |title=Coca-Cola boycott launched after killings at Colombian plants |date=July 24, 2003 |newspaper=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian |access-date=February 2, 2016 |last1=Brodzinsky |first1=Sibylla |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131115030/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/jul/24/marketingandpr.colombia |archive-date=January 31, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Javier Correa, the president of Sinaltrainal, said the campaign aimed to put pressure on Coca-Cola "to mitigate the pain and suffering" that union members had suffered.<ref name="Guardian" />

Speaking from the Coca-Cola Company's headquarters in Atlanta, company spokesperson Rafael Fernandez Quiros said "Coca-Cola denies any connection to any human-rights violation of this type" and added "We do not own or operate the plants".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1448962.stm |title=Coke sued over death squad claims |date=July 20, 2001 |website=bbc.co.uk |publisher=BBC |access-date=February 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203134157/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1448962.stm |archive-date=December 3, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Other uses==
Coca-Cola can be used to remove grease and oil stains from [[Chemistry:Concrete|concrete]],<ref>{{cite web | title=Will Coke Remove Oil Stains From a Driveway? [How To Do It] | website=North East Paving Garden | date=2022-01-18 | url=https://www.northeastpavingandgardens.co.uk/remove-driveway-oil-stains-with-coke/ | access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref> metal, and clothes.<ref name="g931">{{cite web | title=10 awesome things you can do with Coke | website=CNET | date=2018-11-29 | url=https://www.cnet.com/pictures/things-you-can-clean-with-coke/ | access-date=2024-10-30}}</ref> It is also used to delay concrete from setting.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The effect of coca cola additive as admixtures on concrete |url=https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article/2482/1/050001/2867394/The-effect-of-coca-cola-additive-as-admixtures-on |access-date=July 18, 2023 |journal=AIP Conference Proceedings|series=INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (ICoBE 2021) |date=2023 |doi=10.1063/5.0115802 |last1=Tamrin |last2=Jamal |first2=Mardewi |last3=Nurdiana |first3=Juli |last4=Ghulam |first4=Amirul Mirza |volume=2562 |issue=1 |bibcode=2023AIPC.2482e0001T |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Company:The Coca-Cola Company|The Coca-Cola Company]]
* Coca-Cola HBC AG
* Coca-Cola treatment of phytobezoars
* Colalife
* Fanta
* List of Coca-Cola brands
* List of soft drink flavors
* Mexican Coke
* Neiman Marcus
* OpenCola (drink)
* [[Engineering:Premix and postmix|Premix and postmix]]
{{div col end}}{{Clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Works cited===
* Elmore, Bartow J. "Citizen Coke: An Environmental and Political History of the Coca-Cola Company," ''Enterprise & Society'' (2013) 14#4 pp 717–731 [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/enterprise_and_society/v014/14.4.elmore.html online].

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Allen|first=Frederick|title=Secret Formula: How Brilliant Marketing and Relentless Salesmanship Made Coca-Cola the Best-Known Product in the World|location=New York|publisher=Harper Business|year=1994}}
* {{cite book|last=Blanding|first=Michael|title=The Coke Machine: The Dirty Truth Behind the World's Favorite Soft Drink|location=New York|publisher=Avery|year=2010}}
* {{Cite book|title=Sweet and Deadly: How Coca-Cola Spreads Disinformation and Makes Us Sick|last=Carpenter|first=Murray|publisher=The MIT Press|year=2025|location=Cambridge, MA}}
* {{Cite book|title=Decoding Coca-Cola: A Biography of a Global Brand|publisher=Routledge|year=2021|editor-last=Crawford|editor-first=Robert|location=New York|editor-last2=Brennan|editor-first2=Linda|editor-last3=Khamis|editor-first3=Susie}}
* {{Cite book|title=Citizen Coke: The Making of Coca-Cola Capitalism|last=Elmore|first=Bartow J.|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|year=2017}}
* {{cite book|last=Foster|first=Robert|title=Coca-Globalization: Following Soft Drinks from New York to New Guinea|location=New York|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2008}}
* {{cite journal|last=Hamblin|first=James|title=Why We Took Cocaine Out of Soda|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/01/why-we-took-cocaine-out-of-soda/272694/|journal=The Atlantic|date=January 31, 2013|quote=When cocaine and alcohol meet inside a person, they create a third unique drug called cocaethylene.}}
* {{cite book|last=Hays|first=Constance L.|title=The Real Thing: Truth and Power at the Coca-Cola Company|location=New York|publisher=Random House|year=2004}}
* {{cite book|last=Kahn|first=Ely J.|title=The Big Drink: The Story of Coca-Cola|location=New York|publisher=Random House|year=1960}}
* {{cite book|last1=Louis|first1=Jill Chen|last2=Yazijian|first2=Harvey Z.|title=The Cola Wars|location=New York|publisher=Everest House Publishers|year=1980}}
* {{cite book|last=Oliver|first=Thomas|title=The Real Coke, The Real Story|location=New York|publisher=Random House|year=1986}}
* {{cite book|last=Pendergrast|first=Mark|title=For God, Country, and Coca-Cola: The Unauthorized History of the Great American Soft Drink And the Company That Makes It|location=New York|publisher=Basic Books|year=2024|edition=Updated}}

===Primary sources===
* {{cite book|last=Isdell|first=Neville|title=Inside Coca-Cola: A CEO's Life Story of Building the World's Most Popular Brand|location=New York|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=2011}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}
* [https://archive.org/details/Coke_Commercial Kinescope of a live 1954 TV commercial for Coca-Cola (Internet Archive)]
* [http://jipemania.com/coke Coca-Cola Advertising History]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507102934/http://jipemania.com/coke/ |date=May 7, 2010 }} {{in lang|pt}}.
* [http://www.contourbottle.com/ The Contour Bottle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311141223/https://www.contourbottle.com/ |date=March 11, 2018 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110529094049/http://www.life.com/gallery/60951/coca-cola-refreshing-memories#index/0 Coca-Cola: Refreshing Memories] – slideshow by ''Life''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091222190342/http://www.troutmansanders.com/11-19-2008/ China Advisory: Avoiding the Wax Tadpole – Effective Chinese Language Trademark Strategy] – Chinese language trademark for Coca-Cola

{{Varieties of Coca-Cola}}
{{Coca-Cola}}
{{Colas}}

[[Category:American inventions]]

{{Sourceattribution|Coca-Cola}}