View source for Engineering:New York (1837 steamboat)

{{short description|1837 steamship}}

{|{{Infobox ship begin |infobox caption=yes}}
{{infobox ship image
| Ship image               =  Sb new york.png
| Ship caption             = Advertisement for the steamboat New York. Telegraph and Texas Register, 2 March 1842 (Via the Portal to Texas History)
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{{infobox ship career
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| Ship name                =  New York
| Ship owner               =  John Haggerty and Charles Morgan (1837);  John Haggerty, Charles Morgan, and John T. Wright (1838)<ref>{{cite book|author=James P. Baughman|publisher=Vanderbilt University Press|location=Nashville|year=1968|title=Charles Morgan and the Development of Southern Transportation|url=https://archive.org/details/charlesmorgandev0000baug|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/charlesmorgandev0000baug/page/251 251]}}</ref>
| Ship operator            =  Captain J. T. Wright, Captain John D. Phillips
| Ship registry            =  New York City, number 340
| Ship route               =  New York and Charleston; New Orleans and Galveston
| Ship ordered             =
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| Ship completed           = 1837
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| Ship fate                =  Destroyed in a hurricane, Gulf of Mexico, 7 September 1846
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{{infobox ship characteristics
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| Ship tonnage             =  365
| Ship displacement        =
| Ship length              = About {{convert|160.5|ft|abbr=on}} 
| Ship beam                = About {{convert|22.5|ft|abbr=on}}
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| Ship sail plan           = Auxiliary sail
| Ship power               = James Watt-type steam engine
| Ship propulsion          = Steam-powered sidewheeler
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'''''New York''''' is a former steamship built in 1837 for the New York and Charleston Steam Packet Company, a partnership started by James P. Allaire, John Haggerty, and Charles Morgan. Originally put into [[Engineering:Packet boat|packet service]] between {{wipe|New York City}} and Charleston, South Carolina, ''New York'' later served ports in along the Gulf of Mexico. ''New York'' was destroyed in the Gulf of Mexico by a hurricane on 7 September 1846.

==New York{{endash}}Charleston packet==
''New York'' started running packet service for the New York and Charleston Steam Packet Company in 1837. As a ship of the line, it traveled between New York City and Charleston, South Carolina on a regular schedule. Shortly later though, a reorganization was triggered by the sinking of the steamship ''Home'', which resulted in a buyout of the other partners’ shares of the ''New York'' by Charles Morgan and John Haggerty. With Morgan acting as the managing partner, this was the start of the Charles Morgan Line.<ref name="baughman15">Baughman (1968), pp. 15{{endash}}19.</ref><ref name="boem">{{cite web|author= Jack B. Irion and David A. Ball|access-date=22 November 2017| url=https://www.boem.gov/uploadedFiles/BOEM/Environmental_Stewardship/Archaeology/Irion_and_Ball.pdf|title= The New York and the Josephine: Two Steamships of the Charles Morgan Line|publisher=Bureau of Ocean Energy Management}}</ref>

==New Orleans{{endash}}Galveston packet==
Morgan dispatched the ''New York'' to the Gulf of Mexico, and when it arrived in New Orleans early in 1839, he placed it under the management of the agency, Bogart & Hawthorn.<ref name=baughman32>Baughman (1968), p. 32{{endash}}33.</ref> ''New York'' replaced the [[Engineering:Columbia (1835 steamboat)|''Columbia'']] on the New Orleans and Texas Line, a cartel established between Morgan and the owners of the ''Cuba'', another steam packet running between New Orleans and Galveston, Texas. The two companies coordinated freight, rates, and scheduling.<ref name=baughman22>Baughman (1968), pp. 22{{endash}}28.</ref> This arrangement went on hiatus during the summer as Morgan sent the ''New York'' back to New York City for refitting, but returned to the Gulf of Mexico in time for the busy fall season.<ref name=baughman32/>

Starting in January 1840, ''New York'' was the only ship of the line between New Orleans and Galveston.<ref name=Baughman35>Baughman (1968), pp. 35{{endash}}39.</ref> In a letter from November 1840, Mary Austin Holley provided some descriptions and characterizations of ''New York'''s cabin, such as the "luxurious couch" that prompted her to "think of nothing but Cleopatra." The drapes were "blue satin and dimity" and the mahogany finishes were "polished like the finest pianos." The dining table featured engraved silverware and cutlery with ivory handles, and was illuminated by hand-painted lamps.<ref>{{Cite book| last=Hogan| first=William Ransom| location=Austin| date=1946| publisher=Texas State Historical Association | page=8 |title=The Texas Republic: A Social & Economic History}}</ref>  

Morgan sold ''Columbia'' to Henry Windle, effectively creating a new competitor on the route. ''Neptune'', owned by Captain Pennoyer, also competed for patronage on the route. ''New York'' continued running this route until being pulled back on 25 June 1841 due to diminished demand, but returned to service in the fall. This seasonal service pattern persisted for ''New York'' through 1845. In October 1845, agents advertised a $15 passenger ticket for cabin-class.<ref name=Baughman35/>

==Lost at sea==
On 5 September 1846, ''New York'' cast off from Galveston bound for New Orleans. The same evening, the ship sailed into a hurricane. The captain, John D. Phillips, tried to ride out the storm under anchor. In the early hours of the 7th, strong winds pulled ''New York'' off its anchorage and out to sea. A few hours later the ship started leaking before heavy winds took the promenade deck away. Of the 53 people on board, 17 drowned and 36 held onto flotsam until they were rescued by the steamship ''Galveston''. In addition to the loss of life, as much as $40,000 in precious metals and cash went down with the ship.<ref name="boem"/>

==Discovery of the wreck==
In 1990, an unnamed amateur diver from Louisiana found the wreck of the ''New York'' using a fish-finding sonar machine, a LORAN navigational device, and data gathered from a wide network of Gulf shrimpers. A team of divers found a large part of the hull and a few artifacts. These included an 1827 gold coin, two 1843 U.S. fifty-cent pieces, and a mortising machine from an 1836 patent. Archaeological dives sponsored by the Minerals Management Service (MMS) in 1997 and 1998 brought scientific expertise to bear on the site. The teams scanned the ocean floor with a magnetometer and mapped the wreckage. They discovered important engine parts, including the air pump, cam, condenser, and main piston cylinder. A paddlewheel shaft was deposited in the sand about {{convert|1500|ft|abbr=on}} away. There were enough engine parts for experts to identify this wreckage as that of the 1837 steamship ''New York''.<ref name="boem"/>

==References==

{{reflist}}


[[Category:Steamboats]]

{{Sourceattribution|New York (1837 steamboat)|1}}