View source for Engineering:SpaceX Dragon 2

{{Short description|2020s class of partially reusable spacecraft}}
{{Infobox spacecraft class
| name = Dragon 2
| image = Crew Dragon at the ISS for Demo Mission 1 (cropped).jpg
| image_caption = {{ComV|Crew Dragon|full=nolink}} approaching the ISS in March 2019, during [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-1|Demo-1]]
| image_size = 290px
| country = {{wipe|United States}}
| operator = [[Company:SpaceX|SpaceX]]
| applications = [[Astronomy:International Space Station|ISS]] crew and cargo transport; private astronaut transport
| manufacturer = [[Company:SpaceX|SpaceX]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/dragon|spacex.com/vehicles/dragon}}
| launch_mass = {{cvt|12519|kg}} in-orbit mass at the time of undock from ISS. The reentry capsule weighs {{cvt|9616|kg}} including crew + {{cvt|150|kg}} payload ([[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-2|Crew Dragon Demo-2]])<ref name="nasa.gov">{{cite web|last1=Heiney|first1=Anna|title=Top 10 Things to Know for NASA's SpaceX Demo-2 Return|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/top-10-things-to-know-for-nasa-s-spacex-demo-2-return|website=nasa.gov|date=23 July 2020|access-date=24 July 2020|quote=At the time of undock, Dragon Endeavour and its trunk weigh approximately 27,600 pounds}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
| dry_mass = {{cvt|7,700|kg}}<ref name="StarshipToMars"/> (reentry capsule only){{efn|name=dryweight|p.146: The Dragon 2 capsule weighs approximately 16,976 pounds without cargo }}
| payload_capacity = {{plainlist|
* {{cvt|6000|kg}} to orbit<ref name="spxdragonwebsite">{{cite web|url=https://www.spacex.com/dragon|title=Dragon|last=SpaceX|date=1 March 2019|publisher=SpaceX|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302235320/https://www.spacex.com/dragon|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{cvt|3307|kg}} to ISS (up to {{cvt|2507|kg}} pressurized and up to {{cvt|800|kg}} unpressurized)<ref name="Audit CRS 2018"/>
* {{cvt|2507|kg}} return cargo<ref name="Audit CRS 2018"/>
* {{cvt|800|kg}} disposed cargo<ref name="Audit CRS 2018"/>
}}
| crew_capacity = 4 {{efn|name=crewnum}}
| dimensions = {{plainlist|
* Diameter: {{cvt|4|m}}<ref name="spxdragonwebsite"/>
* Height: {{cvt|8.1|m}} (with trunk)<ref name="spxdragonwebsite"/>
* Sidewall angle: 15°
}}
| volume = {{plainlist|
* {{cvt|9.3|m3}} pressurized
* {{cvt|12.1|m3}} unpressurized<ref name="spxdragonwebsite"/>
* {{cvt|37|m3}} unpressurized with extended trunk
}}
| power = 
| batteries = 
| equipment = Crews and pressurized as well as unpressurized logistics
| orbits = [[Astronomy:Low Earth orbit|LEO]]
| launch_vehicle = [[Engineering:Falcon 9 Block 5|Falcon 9 Block 5]]
| design_life = {{plainlist|
* 10 days (free flight)<ref name="sx20090918">{{cite web|url=http://www.spacex.com/downloads/dragonlab-datasheet.pdf|title=DragonLab datasheet|date=8 September 2009|publisher=SpaceX|location=Hawthorne, California|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104010401/http://www.spacex.com/downloads/dragonlab-datasheet.pdf|archive-date=4 January 2011}}</ref>
* 210 days (docked to ISS)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/commercialcrew_press_kit.pdf|title="Commercial Crew Program American Rockets American Spacecraft American Soil" (page 15)|publisher=NASA|access-date=28 February 2019|archive-date=18 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218153814/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/commercialcrew_press_kit.pdf |url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2021}}<!-- ref was about Starliner not Dragon! -->
}}

<!--Engine details-->| stagedata = {{Infobox rocket/stage
| name                 = Engine details
| engines              = {{plainlist|
* 8 SuperDraco thrusters as [[Astronomy:Launch escape system|launch escape system]] (LES) (Crew Dragon only)
* 18 Draco thrusters for in-space maneuvering
}}
| thrust               = 18 × {{cvt|400|N}} (Draco)
| SI                   = 300s (vacuum)(Draco)
| time                 = 
| fuel                 = {{cvt|2,562|kg}}<ref name="StarshipToMars">{{Cite web|url=https://www.faa.gov/space/environmental/nepa_docs/media/Final_EA_and_FONSI_for_SpaceX_In-flight_Dragon_Abort_508_A.pdf|title=Final Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact for Issuing SpaceX a Launch License for an In-Flight Dragon Abort Test|date=June 2019|publisher=Federal Aviation Administration|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-date=|archive-url=}}</ref> 
[[Chemistry:Dinitrogen tetroxide|NTO]] / [[Chemistry:Monomethylhydrazine|MMH]] propellant<ref name=FAA2012>{{cite web|url=http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/media/The_Annual_Compendium_of_Commercial_Space_Transporation_2012.pdf|title=The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2012|date=February 2012|publisher=Federal Aviation Administration|access-date=16 September 2014|archive-date=19 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619213345/http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/media/The_Annual_Compendium_of_Commercial_Space_Transporation_2012.pdf|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
}}
| status = Active
| built = 9 (4 crew, 3 cargo, 1 ECLSS, 1 retired)<br />1 under construction (crew)
| orders = 
| launched = 9 cargo, 13 crew (+2 suborbital)
| operational = Yes
| retired = 1 (prototype)
| lost = 1 (in testing)
| first = 2 March 2019 (uncrewed test)<br />30 May 2020 (crewed)<br />6 December 2020 (cargo)
| lastretired = 
| derivedfrom = [[Engineering:SpaceX Dragon|SpaceX Dragon]] (23 cargo missions)
| Preceded = [[Software:SpaceX Dragon 1|SpaceX Dragon 1]]
}}
{{Private spaceflight}}

'''Dragon 2''' is a class of partially [[Engineering:Reusable spacecraft|reusable spacecraft]] developed and manufactured by American aerospace manufacturer [[Company:SpaceX|SpaceX]], primarily for flights to the [[Astronomy:International Space Station|International Space Station]] (ISS). SpaceX also launches [[Engineering:Private spaceflight|private missions]], such as [[Engineering:Inspiration4|Inspiration4]] and [[Company:Axiom Space#Missions|Axiom Space Missions]]. There are two variants of the Dragon spacecraft: '''Crew Dragon''', a spacecraft capable of ferrying four<ref name="After redesigns, the finish line is">{{cite news|title=After redesigns, the finish line is in sight for SpaceX's Crew Dragon spaceship|date=7 December 2019|first=Stephen|last=Clark|publisher=Spaceflight Now|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/12/07/after-redesigns-the-finish-line-is-in-sight-for-spacexs-crew-dragon/|quote='With [the addition of parachutes] and the angle of the seats, we could not get seven anymore', Shotwell said. "So now we only have four seats. That was kind of a big change for us".|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606095625/https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/12/07/after-redesigns-the-finish-line-is-in-sight-for-spacexs-crew-dragon/|url-status=live}}</ref> crewmembers, and '''Cargo Dragon''', a replacement for the original [[Software:SpaceX Dragon 1|Dragon 1]] used to carry freight to and from space. The spacecraft consists of a reusable [[Engineering:Space capsule|space capsule]] and an expendable trunk module. The spacecraft launches atop a [[Engineering:Falcon 9 Block 5|Falcon 9 Block 5]] rocket and the capsule returns to [[Astronomy:Earth|Earth]] through [[Engineering:Splashdown|splashdown]].

Cargo Dragon [[Engineering:Space logistics|supplies cargo]] to the ISS under a [[Astronomy:Commercial Resupply Services#Commercial Resupply Services phase 2 - Awards and flights flown|Commercial Resupply Services-2]] contract with [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]. The [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-21|first flight]] of Dragon 2 in a cargo configuration launched in December 2020. It shares this duty with [[Company:Northrop Grumman|Northrop Grumman]]'s [[Engineering:Cygnus (spacecraft)|Cygnus]] spacecraft, and Sierra Nevada Corporation's [[Engineering:Dream Chaser|Dream Chaser]] spaceplane is expected to join them {{Update after|2025|01|text=in 2024}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dream Chaser Lifting Body Set For Delivery To NASA Ahead Of 2024 Launch {{!}} Aviation Week Network |url=https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/space/dream-chaser-lifting-body-set-delivery-nasa-ahead-2024-launch |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=aviationweek.com}}</ref> As of July 2023 it is the only reusable orbital [[Engineering:Cargo spacecraft|cargo spacecraft]] in operation.

As of July 2023, Crew Dragon is the only U.S. [[Astronomy:Human-rating certification|human-rated]] orbital transport [[Astronomy:Human spaceflight|spacecraft]]. Crew Dragon's primary role is to transport crews to and from the ISS under NASA's [[Astronomy:Commercial Crew Program|Commercial Crew Program]], succeeding the crew orbital transportation capabilities of the [[Engineering:Space Shuttle|Space Shuttle]], which retired from service in 2011.  It will be joined by [[Engineering:Boeing Starliner|Boeing Starliner]] in this role {{Update after|2025|01| text= in 2025}}. Crew Dragon is also used for commercial flights, some of them to the ISS, and is expected to be used to shuttle people to and from [[Company:Axiom Space|Axiom Space]]'s [[Astronomy:Axiom Orbital Segment#Axiom Station|planned space station]].

== Development and variants ==
There are two variants of Dragon 2: Crew Dragon and Cargo Dragon.<ref name="Audit CRS 2018">[https://oig.nasa.gov/docs/IG-18-016.pdf Audit of Commercial Resupply Services to the International Space Station] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830175624/https://oig.nasa.gov/docs/IG-18-016.pdf|date=30 August 2018}} NASA 26 April 2018 Report No. IG-18-016 Quote: "For SpaceX, certification of the company's unproven cargo version of its Dragon 2 spacecraft for CRS-2 missions carries risk while the company works to resolve ongoing concerns related to software traceability and systems engineering processes" {{PD-notice}}</ref> Crew Dragon was initially called "DragonRider"<ref name=faa-eia201408>{{cite web|title=Final Environmental Assessment for Issuing an Experimental Permit to SpaceX for Operation of the DragonFly Vehicle at the McGregor Test Site, McGregor, Texas|url=http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/media/DragonFly_Final_EA_sm.pdf|pages=2–3|publisher=FAA|access-date=22 August 2014|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201175223/https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/media/dragonfly_final_ea_sm.pdf|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name=tss20140321b>{{cite AV media|people=Gwynne Shotwell|title=Broadcast 2212: Special Edition, interview with Gwynne Shotwell|url=http://archived.thespaceshow.com/shows/2212-BWB-2014-03-21.mp3|date=21 March 2014|access-date=22 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322013556/http://archived.thespaceshow.com/shows/2212-BWB-2014-03-21.mp3|archive-date=22 March 2014|time=24:05–24:45 and 28:15–28:35|publisher=The Space Show|id=2212|quote=''we call it v2 for Dragon. That is the primary vehicle for crew, and we will retrofit it back to cargo''|url-status=dead}}</ref> and it was intended from the beginning to support a crew of seven or a combination of crew and cargo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-04/qa-former-astronaut-and-spacex-engineer-garrett-reisman-building-worlds-safest-spacecraft|title=Q+A: SpaceX Engineer Garrett Reisman on Building the World's Safest Spacecraft|date=13 April 2012|publisher=PopSci |quote=DragonRider, SpaceX's crew-capable variant of its Dragon capsule|access-date=15 April 2012|archive-date=16 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416023934/http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-04/qa-former-astronaut-and-spacex-engineer-garrett-reisman-building-worlds-safest-spacecraft|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spacex.com/press.php?page=20111020|title=SpaceX Completes Key Milestone to Fly Astronauts to International Space Station|date=20 October 2011|publisher=SpaceX|access-date=9 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503032852/http://www.spacex.com/press.php?page=20111020|archive-date=3 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Earlier spacecraft had a berthing port and were berthed to ISS by ISS personnel. Dragon 2 instead has an [[Engineering:International Docking System Standard|IDSS]]-compatible docking port to dock to the [[Engineering:International Docking Adapter|International Docking Adapter]] ports on ISS. It is able to perform fully [[Autonomy|autonomous]] rendezvous and docking with manual override ability.<ref name=overview>{{cite web|url=http://www.spacex.com/dragon.php|title=Dragon Overview|publisher=SpaceX|access-date=16 April 2012 |archive-date=5 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405074247/https://spacex.com/dragon.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dockingstandard.nasa.gov/Documents/AIAA_ATS_NDS-IDSS_Overview_Draft1.pdf|title=Overview of the NASA Docking System and the International Docking System Standard|last=Parma|first=George|date=20 March 2011|publisher=NASA|quote=iLIDS was later renamed the NASA Docking System (NDS), and will be NASA's implementation of an IDSS compatible docking system for all future U.S. vehicles|access-date=30 March 2012 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015075220/http://dockingstandard.nasa.gov/Documents/AIAA_ATS_NDS-IDSS_Overview_Draft1.pdf|archive-date=15 October 2011}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> For typical missions, Crew Dragon will remain docked to the ISS for a nominal period of 180 days, but is designed to remain on the station for up to 210 days, matching the Russian [[Engineering:Soyuz (spacecraft)|Soyuz spacecraft]].<ref name="nasa20110726">{{cite web|url=http://commercialcrew.nasa.gov/document_file_get.cfm?docid=107|title=Commercial Crew Program: Key Driving Requirements Walkthrough|last=Bayt|first=Rob|date=16 July 2011 |publisher=NASA|access-date=27 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328055242/http://commercialcrew.nasa.gov/document_file_get.cfm?docid=107|archive-date=28 March 2012}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/17815821|title=Space station trip will push the envelope|last=Oberg|first=Jim|date=28 March 2007|publisher=NBC News|access-date=9 May 2012|archive-date=10 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710045514/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/17815821|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nasa20120509">{{cite web |url=http://oiir.hq.nasa.gov/asap/documents/responses/nasa/2012-05-09_NASA_Response.pdf|title=2012-05-09_NASA_Response|last=Bolden|first=Charles|date=9 May 2012|publisher=NASA|access-date=20 June 2012|archive-date=15 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215194938/http://oiir.hq.nasa.gov/asap/documents/responses/nasa/2012-05-09_NASA_Response.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref>With the exception of the [[Astronomy:Project Gemini|Project Gemini]] spacecraft, which used twin ejection seats: [http://www.astronautix.com/craft/gemction.htm "Encyclopedia Astronautica: Gemini Ejection"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050425095154/http://astronautix.com/craft/gemction.htm|date=25 April 2005}} Astronautix.com Retrieved 24 January 2013</ref><ref name="Space CCDEV R2 20110418">{{cite news |last=Chow|first=Denise|title=Private Spaceship Builders Split Nearly US$270 Million in NASA Funds|url=http://www.space.com/11421-nasa-private-spaceship-funding-astronauts.html|access-date=18 December 2011 |publisher=Space.com|date=18 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111231133929/http://www.space.com/11421-nasa-private-spaceship-funding-astronauts.html|archive-date=31 December 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="cl20101213">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101215151136/http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2010/12/13/5645709-spaceship-teams-seek-more-funding "Spaceship teams seek more funding"] MSNBC 10 December 2010 Retrieved 14 December 2010</ref> SpaceX uses the Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle to launch Dragon 2.<ref name="spxdragonwebsite"/>

== Crew Dragon ==
Crew Dragon incorporates an integrated pusher [[Astronomy:Launch escape system|launch escape system]] consisting of eight SuperDraco engines, capable of accelerating the vehicle away from the rocket in an emergency. SpaceX originally intended to use the SuperDraco engines to land Crew Dragon on land, with parachutes and an ocean splashdown employed only in the case of an aborted launch. Precision water landing under [[Engineering:Parachute|parachute]]s was proposed to NASA as "the baseline return and recovery approach for the first few flights" of Crew Dragon.<ref name="sx20150227"/> Propulsive landing was later cancelled, leaving ocean splashdown under parachutes as the only option.<ref name="sxu20110117">{{cite web|url=http://www.spacex.com/updates.php|title=SpaceX Updates – Taking the next step: Commercial Crew Development Round 2|publisher=SpaceX|date=17 January 2010 |access-date=17 January 2011|archive-date=27 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727153858/http://www.spacex.com/updates.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2012, SpaceX was in talks with Orbital Outfitters about developing [[Astronomy:Space suit|space suit]]s to wear during launch and re-entry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-10/deep-space-suit |title=The Deep-Space Suit|last=Sofge|first=Eric|date=19 November 2012|work=PopSci|access-date=19 November 2012|archive-date=27 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127172503/http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-10/deep-space-suit|url-status=live}}</ref> Each crew member wears a custom space suit fitted for them. The suit is primarily designed for use inside the Dragon (IVA type suit): however, in the case of a [[Engineering:Uncontrolled decompression|rapid cabin depressurization]], the suit can protect the crew members. The suit can also provide cooling for astronauts during normal flight.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dragon|url=https://www.spacex.com/dragon|publisher=SpaceX|access-date=4 March 2019|archive-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302235320/https://www.spacex.com/dragon|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/space/a-first-look-at-the-spacesuits-of-the-future.aspx|title=A First Look at the Spacesuits of the Future|last1=Gibbens|first1=Sarah|work=National Geographic|access-date=4 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306045202/https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/space/a-first-look-at-the-spacesuits-of-the-future.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> For the [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-1|Demo-1]] mission, a test dummy nicknamed Ripley was fitted with the spacesuit and sensors. The spacesuit is made from [[Engineering:Nomex|Nomex]], a fire retardant fabric similar to [[Chemistry:Kevlar|Kevlar]].

The spacecraft's design was unveiled on 29 May 2014, during a press event at SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, California.<ref name=aw20140530>{{cite news|last=Norris|first=Guy|title=SpaceX Unveils 'Step Change' Dragon 'V2'|url=http://aviationweek.com/space/spacex-unveils-step-change-dragon-v2|access-date=30 May 2014|work=Aviation Week|date=30 May 2014|archive-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531110355/http://aviationweek.com/space/spacex-unveils-step-change-dragon-v2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=sdc20140529>{{cite news|last=Kramer|first=Miriam|title=SpaceX Unveils Dragon V2 Spaceship, a Manned Space Taxi for Astronauts — Meet Dragon V2: SpaceX's Manned Space Taxi for Astronaut Trips|url=http://www.space.com/26063-spacex-unveils-dragon-v2-manned-spaceship.html |access-date=30 May 2014|newspaper=Space.com|date=30 May 2014|archive-date=20 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220092038/http://www.space.com/26063-spacex-unveils-dragon-v2-manned-spaceship.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=nsf20140530>{{cite news|title=SpaceX lifts the lid on the Dragon V2 crew spacecraft|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2014/05/spacex-lifts-the-lid-dragon-v2-crew-spacecraft/|access-date=30 May 2014|last=Bergin|first=Chris|newspaper=NASAspaceflight.com|date=30 May 2014|archive-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531104755/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2014/05/spacex-lifts-the-lid-dragon-v2-crew-spacecraft/|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2014, NASA selected the Dragon spacecraft as one of the candidates to fly American astronauts to the International Space Station, under the [[Astronomy:Commercial Crew Program|Commercial Crew Program]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.spacex.com/news/2014/09/16/nasa-selects-spacex-be-part-americas-human-spaceflight-program|title=NASA Selects SpaceX to be Part of America's Human Spaceflight Program|last=Post|first=Hannah |date=16 September 2014|publisher=SpaceX|access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=15 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315165820/https://www.spacex.com/news/2014/09/16/nasa-selects-spacex-be-part-americas-human-spaceflight-program|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=snc/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/06/so-spacex-is-having-quite-a-year/|title=So SpaceX is having quite a year|last1=Berger|first1=Eric|date=9 June 2017|access-date=9 June 2017|work=Ars Technica|archive-date=9 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609161325/https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/06/so-spacex-is-having-quite-a-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2022, SpaceX President Gwynne Shotwell told Reuters that "We are finishing our final (capsule), but we still are manufacturing components, because we'll be refurbishing".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roulette |first=Joey |date=2022-03-28 |title=EXCLUSIVE SpaceX ending production of flagship crew capsule |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/exclusive-spacex-ending-production-flagship-crew-capsule-executive-2022-03-28/ |access-date=2022-03-28}}</ref> SpaceX later decided to build a fifth Crew Dragon, to be available by 2024.<ref name="sn2022-11-19"/>

SpaceX's CCtCap contract values each seat on a Crew Dragon flight to be around US$88 million,<ref name="planetary-2">{{Cite web |last=Potter |first=Sean |date=Aug 31, 2022 |title=NASA Awards SpaceX More Crew Flights to Space Station |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-awards-spacex-more-crew-flights-to-space-station |access-date= |website=NASA.gov |publisher=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |quote=This is a firm fixed-price, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract modification for the Crew-10, Crew-11, Crew-12, Crew-13, and Crew-14 flights. The value of this modification for all five missions and related mission services is $1,436,438,446. The amount includes ground, launch, in-orbit, and return and recovery operations, cargo transportation for each mission, and a lifeboat capability while docked to the International Space Station. The period of performance runs through 2030 and brings the total CCtCap contract value with SpaceX to $4,927,306,350}}</ref> while the face value of each seat has been estimated by NASA's Office of Inspector General (OIG) to be around US$55 million.<ref name="forbes-2">{{Cite web|last=McCarthy|first=Niall|title=Why SpaceX Is A Game Changer For NASA [Infographic]|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2020/06/04/why-spacex-is-a-game-changer-for-nasa-infographic/#4c5e22801656|website={{wipe|Forbes}}|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627030645/https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2020/06/04/why-spacex-is-a-game-changer-for-nasa-infographic/#71bde5216ff2|archive-date=27 June 2020|date=4 June 2020|quote=According to the NASA audit, the SpaceX Crew Dragon's per-seat cost works out at an estimated $55 million while a seat on Boeing's Starliner is approximately $90 million&nbsp;...|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="businessinsider-2">{{Cite web|last1=McFall-Johnsen|first1=Morgan|last2=Mosher|first2=Dave|last3=Secon|first3=Holly|title=SpaceX is set to launch astronauts on Wednesday. Here's how Elon Musk's company became NASA's best shot at resurrecting American spaceflight|url=https://www.businessinsider.com.au/spacex-boeing-nasa-commercial-crew-program-launch-astronauts-2020-1|website=Business Insider|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627031056/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/spacex-boeing-nasa-commercial-crew-program-launch-astronauts-2020-1|archive-date=27 June 2020|date=26 January 2020|quote=Eventually, a round-trip seat on the Crew Dragon is expected to cost about $US55 million. A seat on Starliner will cost about $US90 million. That's according to a November 2019 report from the NASA Office of Inspector General.|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="spacecom-17">{{Cite web|last=Wall|first=Mike|title=Here's How Much NASA Is Paying Per Seat on SpaceX's Crew Dragon & Boeing's Starliner|url=https://www.space.com/spacex-boeing-commercial-crew-seat-prices.html|website=Space.com|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627031359/https://www.space.com/spacex-boeing-commercial-crew-seat-prices.html|archive-date=27 June 2020 |date=16 November 2019|quote=NASA will likely pay about $90 million for each astronaut who flies aboard Boeing's CST-100 Starliner capsule on International Space Station (ISS) missions, the report estimated. The per-seat cost for SpaceX's Crew Dragon capsule, meanwhile, will be around $55 million, according to the OIG's calculations.|url-status=live}}</ref> This contrasts with the 2014 Soyuz launch price of US$76 million per seat for NASA astronauts.<ref name="nasa0518">{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/sci-tech/space/spacex-scrubs-launch-iss-over-rocket-engine-problem-933|title=SpaceX scrubs launch to ISS over rocket engine problem|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=19 May 2012|access-date=23 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523003837/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/sci-tech/space/spacex-scrubs-launch-iss-over-rocket-engine-problem-933|archive-date=23 May 2012}}</ref> In case of private astronauts riding on Crew Dragon, SpaceX gives them Crew Dragon Astronaut Wings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.collectspace.com/ubb/Forum18/HTML/001704.html|title = SpaceX Crew Dragon astronaut wings |work=collectSPACE}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Forums are generally not reliable sources|date=April 2022}}

== Cargo Dragon ==
Although Dragon 2 was intended from the earliest design concept to carry crew, or with fewer seats, both crew and cargo, a [[Astronomy:Commercial Resupply Services|second round of multi-year cargo supply contracts]] (also known as [[Astronomy:Commercial Resupply Services|CRS-2]]) was solicited by NASA in 2014, to supply the ISS in 2020–2024. This led to SpaceX proposing a separately-named model, '''Cargo Dragon''', for this mission.<ref name=nsf201503>{{cite news|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/03/nasa-crs-missions-dragon-cygnus/|title=NASA lines up four additional CRS missions for Dragon and Cygnus|last1=Bergin|first1=Chris|work=NASASpaceFlight.com |access-date=19 April 2015|archive-date=30 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130164344/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/03/nasa-crs-missions-dragon-cygnus/|url-status=live}}</ref> SpaceX won a contract award for Cargo Dragon as a result of the CRS-2 bid competition, with contracts awarded in January 2016 for six flights.<ref name=wapo20160114>{{cite news|title=Sierra Nevada Corp. joins SpaceX and Orbital ATK in winning NASA resupply contracts|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2016/01/14/nasa-expected-to-soon-announce-contracts-to-resupply-the-international-space-station/ |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=14 January 2016|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=8 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908122455/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2016/01/14/nasa-expected-to-soon-announce-contracts-to-resupply-the-international-space-station/|url-status=live}}</ref> Space Xs '''Cargo Dragon''' has now completed 9 successful missions to and from the [[Astronomy:International Space Station|international space station]], with 6 more planned. 

Cargo Dragons are different from the crewed variant by launching without seats, cockpit controls, astronaut life support systems, or SuperDraco abort engines.<ref name=teslarati-20200217>{{cite web |url=https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-no-crew-dragon-spaceship-reuse-nasa-astronaut-launches/cargo-dragon-2-required-modifications/|title=Dragon 2 modifications to Carry Cargo for CRS-2 missions|last=Ralph |first=Eric|publisher=SpaceX/Teslarati|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001023048/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-no-crew-dragon-spaceship-reuse-nasa-astronaut-launches/cargo-dragon-2-required-modifications/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=nasa-oig-18016>{{cite report|url=https://oig.nasa.gov/docs/IG-18-016.pdf|title=Audit of Commercial Resupply Services to the International Space Center|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line -->|publisher=NASA|work=Office of Inspector General|volume=IG-18-016|pages=24, 28–30|date=26 April 2018|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=5 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405210438/https://oig.nasa.gov/docs/IG-18-016.pdf|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Cargo Dragon improves on many aspects of the [[Engineering:SpaceX Dragon|original Dragon]] design, including the recovery and refurbishment process.<ref name=sfn20190802>{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/02/spacex-to-begin-flights-under-new-cargo-resupply-contract-next-year/|title=SpaceX to begin flights under new cargo resupply contract next year|last=Clark|first=Stephen|work=Spaceflight Now|date=2 August 2019|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=3 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803000441/https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/02/spacex-to-begin-flights-under-new-cargo-resupply-contract-next-year/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Design ==
[[File:Dragon 2 DM-2 01.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Crew Dragon Launch Configuration]]
[[File:NASA Crew Demo-1 (31433487787).jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|[[Engineering:Crew Dragon C204|Crew Dragon C204]] in the LC-39A Horizontal Integration Facility in December 2018 preparing for the launch of DM-1]]

Dragon 2 includes the following features:<ref name=aw20140530/><ref name=sdc20140529/><ref name=sfn20141009>{{cite news|last1=Clark|first1=Stephen|title=NASA clears commercial crew contractors to resume work |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1410/09cctcap/#.VDgLfBaum5d|access-date=10 October 2014|work=Spaceflight Now|date=9 October 2014|quote=a highly-modified second-generation Dragon capsule fitted with myriad upgrades and changes – including new rocket thrusters, computers, a different outer mold line, and redesigned solar arrays – from the company's Dragon cargo delivery vehicle already flying to the space station.|archive-date=11 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011123016/http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1410/09cctcap/#.VDgLfBaum5d|url-status=live}}</ref>

A Dragon 2 spacecraft consists of a capsule and a trunk. While a new trunk is expended on each mission, the capsule is reusable. After earlier plans of SpaceX to use new capsules for every crewed flight for NASA<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/10/spacex-aiming-for-may-astronaut-launch-will-reuse-crew-dragon.html|title=SpaceX on track to launch first NASA astronauts in May, president says|first=Michael|last=Sheetz |date=10 March 2020|work=CNBC|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525131345/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/10/spacex-aiming-for-may-astronaut-launch-will-reuse-crew-dragon.html|url-status=live}}</ref> both agreed to reuse Crew Dragon capsules for NASA flights.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/06/23/nasa-agrees-to-fly-astronauts-on-reused-crew-dragon-spacecraft/|title=NASA agrees to fly astronauts on reused Crew Dragon spacecraft|work=Spaceflight Now|date=23 June 2020|access-date=23 July 2020|archive-date=16 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716210200/https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/06/23/nasa-agrees-to-fly-astronauts-on-reused-crew-dragon-spacecraft/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FoustReuse">{{cite tweet |user=jeff_foust|number=1286312153193029633|date=23 July 2020|title=McErlean: NASA's plans call for reusing the Falcon 9 booster from the Crew-1 mission on the Crew-2 mission, and to reuse the Demo-2 capsule for Crew-2 as well.}}</ref> In 2022, SpaceX stated that a capsule can be reused up to fifteen times.<ref name="sn2022-11-19"/> Cargo Dragon can carry {{cvt|3307|kg}} to the ISS. Crew Dragon has a capacity of four astronauts.{{efn|name=crewnum|SpaceX states the crew is "up to seven",<ref name="spxdragonwebsite"/> but the CEO said that a redesign reduced it to four.<ref name="After redesigns, the finish line is">{{cite news|title=After redesigns, the finish line is in sight for SpaceX's Crew Dragon spaceship|date=7 December 2019|first=Stephen|last=Clark|publisher=Spaceflight Now|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/12/07/after-redesigns-the-finish-line-is-in-sight-for-spacexs-crew-dragon/|quote='With [the addition of parachutes] and the angle of the seats, we could not get seven anymore', Shotwell said. "So now we only have four seats. That was kind of a big change for us".|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606095625/https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/12/07/after-redesigns-the-finish-line-is-in-sight-for-spacexs-crew-dragon/|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Above the seats, there is a three-screen control panel, a toilet (with privacy curtain), and the docking hatch. Ocean landings are accomplished with four main parachutes in both variants. The parachute system was fully redesigned from the one used in the prior [[Engineering:SpaceX Dragon|Dragon]] capsule, due to the need to deploy the parachutes under a variety of launch abort scenarios.<ref name=nsf20140828/>

Crew Dragon has eight side-mounted SuperDraco engines, clustered in redundant pairs in four engine pods, with each engine able to produce {{cvt|71|kN}} of thrust to be used for launch aborts.<ref name=aw20140530/> Each pod also contains four Draco thrusters that can be used for attitude control and orbital maneuvers. The SuperDraco engine combustion chamber is printed of [[Chemistry:Inconel|Inconel]], an alloy of [[Chemistry:Nickel|nickel]] and [[Chemistry:Iron|iron]], using a process of [[Physics:Selective laser sintering|direct metal laser sintering]]. Engines are contained in a protective [[Engineering:Nacelle|nacelle]] to prevent fault propagation if an engine fails.

Once in orbit, Dragon 2 is able to [[Engineering:Spaceflight#Uncrewed|autonomously]] dock to the ISS. Dragon 1 was [[Engineering:Docking and berthing of spacecraft|berthed]] using the [[Engineering:Mobile Servicing System|Canadarm2]] robotic arm, requiring substantially more involvement from ISS crew. Pilots of Crew Dragon retain the ability to [[Engineering:Docking and berthing of spacecraft|dock]] the spacecraft using manual controls interfaced with a static tablet-like computer. The spacecraft can be operated in full [[Physics:Vacuum|vacuum]], and "the crew will wear SpaceX-designed [[Astronomy:Space suit|space suit]]s to protect them from a rapid cabin depressurization emergency event". Also, the spacecraft will be able to return safely if a leak occurs "of up to an equivalent orifice of {{cvt|6.35|mm|in|2|disp=sqbr}} in diameter".<ref name=sx20150227/>

Propellant and helium pressurant for both launch aborts and on-orbit maneuvering is contained in [[Chemistry:Composite material|composite]]-[[Chemistry:Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers|carbon]]-overwrap titanium spherical tanks. A [[Astronomy:Atmospheric entry#Phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator|PICA-X heat shield]] protects the capsule during [[Astronomy:Atmospheric entry|reentry]]. A reusable [[Engineering:Nose cone|nose cone]] "protects the vessel and the docking adaptor during ascent and [[Astronomy:Atmospheric entry|reentry]]",<ref name=sx20150227/> pivoting on a hinge to enable in-space docking and returning to the covered position for reentry and future launches.<ref name=nsf20140530/>

The trunk is the third structural element of the spacecraft, containing [[Physics:Solar panels on spacecraft|solar panels]], [[Engineering:Spacecraft thermal control|heat-removal radiators]], and fins to provide [[Physics:Directional stability|aerodynamic stability]] during [[Astronomy:Launch escape system|emergency aborts]].<ref name=sx20150227>{{cite web|last=Reisman|first=Garrett|title=Statement of Garrett Reisman, Director of Crew Operations, Space Explorations Technologies Corp. (SpaceX) before the Subcommittee on Space, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives |url=https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Reisman%20Testimony.pdf|publisher=United States House of Representatives, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology|access-date=5 June 2020|date=27 February 2015 |archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605163309/https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Reisman%20Testimony.pdf|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

The previous Cargo Dragon's deployable solar arrays have been eliminated and are now built into the trunk itself. This increases volume space, reduces the number of mechanisms on the vehicle and further increases reliability.

Announced on 29 August 2021 during the CRS-23 launch is a new feature called Extend-the-Lab installed in the Cargo Dragon. "Our new Cargo Dragon vehicle is also able to act as a laboratory in the advancement of science and research. We call this capability Extend-the-Lab. It allows some powered payloads to remain on Dragon for experimentation during the duration of the mission. This is especially helpful when there is limited to no space on station for additional science. And it also helps cut down the amount of time the crew has to move payloads in and out of Dragon. For CRS-23 there are 3 Extend-the-Lab payloads launching with the mission, and once docked, a 4th which is currently already on the space station will be added to Dragon".<ref>{{citation|title=CRS-23 Mission|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-KiDqxAMU0|access-date=2021-08-29|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829171335/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-KiDqxAMU0|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=CRS-21 Mission|url=https://www.spacex.com/launches/crs-21-splashdown/}}</ref>

For Crew Dragon missions not involving docking, the capsule docking adapter which is normally used to dock with the International Space Station can be replaced by a [[Engineering:Inspiration4#Spacecraft|domed plexiglass window]]. This provides panoramic views of space and the Earth like the [[Organization:Cupola (ISS module)|Cupola Module]] on the ISS to provide interest and make up space left after removal of the docking adapter during flight.<ref name=sdc20210330>{{cite news|title=SpaceX's Dragon spaceship is getting the ultimate window for private Inspiration4 spaceflight|url=https://www.space.com/spacex-crew-dragon-cupola-window-inspiration4|last=Howell|first=Elizabeth|work=Space.com|date=30 March 2021|access-date=8 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184746/https://www.space.com/spacex-crew-dragon-cupola-window-inspiration4|url-status=live}}</ref> The dome's first use was on the [[Engineering:Inspiration4|Inspiration4]] flight.

== Crewed flights ==
[[File:SpaceX Dragon 2 and astronauts 2018.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|The Crew Dragon mockup (background) and four of the astronauts of its first two crewed missions (foreground), from left to right: Douglas Hurley, Robert Behnken, Michael S. Hopkins, and Victor J. Glover]]

Crew Dragon is used by both commercial and government customers. Axiom launches commercial astronauts to the ISS and intends to eventually launch to their own private space station. NASA flights to the [[Astronomy:International Space Station|ISS]] have four astronauts, with the added payload mass and volume used to carry pressurised cargo.<ref name="nsf20140828">{{cite news|last1=Bergin|first1=Chris|title=Dragon V2 will initially rely on parachute landings|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2014/08/dragon-v2-rely-parachutes-landing/|access-date=29 August 2014 |work=NASASpaceFlight.com|date=28 August 2014|archive-date=28 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828214641/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2014/08/dragon-v2-rely-parachutes-landing/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 16 September 2014, NASA announced that SpaceX and Boeing had been selected to provide crew transportation to the ISS. SpaceX was to receive up to US$2.6 billion under this contract, to provide development test flights, and up to six operational flights.<ref>{{cite web|title=NASA Chooses American Companies to Transport U.S. Astronauts to International Space Station|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/september/nasa-chooses-american-companies-to-transport-us-astronauts-to-international/ |publisher=NASA|access-date=16 September 2014|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320051537/https://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/september/nasa-chooses-american-companies-to-transport-us-astronauts-to-international/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Dragon was the less expensive proposal,<ref name="snc">{{cite web|url=https://aviationweek.com/space/why-nasa-rejected-sierra-nevadas-commercial-crew-vehicle|title=Why NASA Rejected Sierra Nevada's Commercial Crew Vehicle|work=Aviation Week|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027174620/http://aviationweek.com/space/why-nasa-rejected-sierra-nevadas-commercial-crew-vehicle|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 October 2014|access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref> but NASA's William H. Gerstenmaier considered the [[Engineering:Boeing Starliner|Boeing Starliner]] proposal the stronger of the two. However, Crew Dragon's first operational flight, [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-1|SpaceX Crew-1]], was on 16 November 2020 after several test flights while Starliner suffered multiple problems and delays, with its first operational flight slipping to no earlier than early 2025.<ref name="nasa-20231012">{{cite web |last=Scott |first=Heather |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2023/10/12/nasa-updates-commercial-crew-planning-manifest/ |title=NASA Updates Commercial Crew Planning Manifest |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |date=12 October 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref>

In a departure from the prior NASA practice, where construction contracts with commercial firms led to direct NASA operation of the spacecraft, NASA is purchasing space transport services from SpaceX, including construction, launch, and operation of the Dragon 2.<ref name="nsf20150305"/>

In August 2018, NASA and SpaceX agreed on the loading procedures for [[Chemistry:Rocket propellant|propellants]], vehicle fluids and crew. High-pressure [[Chemistry:Helium|helium]] will be loaded first, followed by the passengers approximately two hours prior to scheduled launch; the ground crew will then depart the launch pad and move to a safe distance. The [[Astronomy:Launch escape system|launch escape system]] will be activated approximately 40 minutes prior to launch, with propellant loading commencing several minutes later.<ref name="nasa20180817">{{cite news|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-spacex-agree-on-plans-for-crew-launch-day-operations/|title=NASA, SpaceX Agree on Plans for Crew Launch Day Operations|last=Garcia|first=Mark|date=17 August 2018|publisher=NASA|access-date=25 November 2018|archive-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003104824/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-spacex-agree-on-plans-for-crew-launch-day-operations/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

The first automated test mission launched to the [[Astronomy:International Space Station|International Space Station]] (ISS) on 2 March 2019.<ref name="NASAblogcc">{{cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2018/11/21/nasas-commercial-crew-program-target-test-flight-dates-5/|title=NASA's Commercial Crew Program Target Test Flight Dates|date=21 November 2018|publisher=NASA|access-date=22 November 2018|archive-date=25 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125212110/https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2018/11/21/nasas-commercial-crew-program-target-test-flight-dates-5/|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> After schedule slips,<ref name="nasa-201902062">{{cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2019/02/06/|title=NASA, Partners Update Commercial Crew Launch Dates|date=6 February 2019|work=NASA Commercial Crew Program Blog|access-date=8 February 2019|archive-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302204511/https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2019/02/06/|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> the first crewed flight launched on 30 May 2020<ref name="Chan">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/04/17/soyuz-with-crew-of-three-lands-safely-in-kazakhstan/|title=Elon Musk Shares Simulation Video, Schedule Of Crew Dragon's First Crewed Flight|date=17 April 2020|archive-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420193137/https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/04/17/soyuz-with-crew-of-three-lands-safely-in-kazakhstan/|url-status=live|last=Chan|first=Athena|work=International Business Times|access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> with the launch of the [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-2|Demo-2]] mission.

== Testing ==
[[File:Crew Dragon Pad Abort Test (16814592054).jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|alt=Dragon 2 hover test (24159153709)|Pad abort test of a Dragon 2 article on 6 May 2015 at CCAFS, SLC-40]]

SpaceX planned a series of four flight tests for the Crew Dragon: a "pad abort" [[Engineering:Flight test|test]], an uncrewed orbital flight to the ISS, an in-flight abort test, and finally a 14-day crewed demonstration mission to the ISS,<ref name="sfn20161213">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/06/04/s-s-john-glenn-freighter-departs-space-station-after-successful-cargo-delivery/|title=S.S. John Glenn freighter departs space station after successful cargo delivery|work=Spaceflight Now|first=Justin|last=Ray|date=13 December 2016|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref> which was initially planned for July 2019,<ref name="nasa-201902062"/> but after a Dragon capsule explosion, was delayed to May 2020.<ref name="Futurism tentative date">{{cite web|url=https://futurism.com/the-byte/nasa-tentative-spacex-launch-date |title=NASA sets tentative date for launching astronauts in SpaceX ship|archive-date=3 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703031223/https://futurism.com/the-byte/nasa-tentative-spacex-launch-date|url-status=live|website=futurism.com|access-date=3 July 2019}}</ref>

=== Pad abort and hover tests ===
[[File:Crew Demo-1 Mission (46535573034).jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Launch of Demo-1, Crew Dragon's maiden spaceflight]]

The pad abort test was conducted successfully on 6 May 2015 at SpaceX's leased SLC-40.<ref name="nsf20140828"/> Dragon landed safely in the ocean to the east of the launchpad 99 seconds after ignition of the SuperDraco engines.<ref name="sfn20150506">{{cite web|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/05/06/spacex-crew-capsule-completes-dramatic-abort-test/|title=SpaceX crew capsule completes dramatic abort test|date=6 May 2015|archive-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610060727/http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/05/06/spacex-crew-capsule-completes-dramatic-abort-test/|url-status=live|last1=Clark|first1=Stephen|work=Spaceflight Now|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> While a flight-like Dragon 2 and trunk were used for the pad abort test, they rested atop a truss structure for the test rather than a full Falcon 9 rocket. A [[Engineering:Crash test dummy|crash test dummy]] embedded with a suite of sensors was placed inside the test vehicle to record [[Physics:Acceleration|acceleration]] loads and forces at the crew seat, while the remaining six seats were loaded with weights to simulate full-passenger-load weight.<ref name="nsf20150305"/><ref name="nsf20150403">{{cite news |last1=Bergin|first1=Chris|title=SpaceX preparing for a busy season of missions and test milestones|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/04/spacex-preparing-busy-season-missions-test-milestones/|work=NASASpaceFlight.com|date=3 April 2015 |archive-date=7 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407001148/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/04/spacex-preparing-busy-season-missions-test-milestones/|url-status=live|access-date=4 April 2015}}</ref> The test objective was to demonstrate sufficient total [[Physics:Impulse|impulse]], [[Thrust|thrust]] and [[Astronomy:Spacecraft attitude control|controllability]] to conduct a safe pad abort. A fuel mixture ratio issue was detected after the flight in one of the eight SuperDraco engines causing it to under perform, but did not materially affect the flight.<ref name="nsf20150506">{{cite web|title=SpaceX Crew Dragon pad abort: Test flight demos launch escape system|url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-050615a-spacex-dragon-pad-abort.html|website=collectspace.com|access-date=14 May 2015|date=6 May 2015|archive-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518075950/http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-050615a-spacex-dragon-pad-abort.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Bergin|first=Chris|title=Dragon 2 conducts Pad Abort leap in key SpaceX test|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/05/dragon-2-pad-abort-leap-key-spacex-test/|work=NASASpaceFlight|access-date=6 May 2015|date=6 May 2015|archive-date=22 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522125801/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/05/dragon-2-pad-abort-leap-key-spacex-test/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Clark|first=Stephen |title=SpaceX crew capsule completes dramatic abort test|work=Spaceflight Now|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2015/05/06/spacex-crew-capsule-completes-dramatic-abort-test/|access-date=2020-06-23|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730070948/https://spaceflightnow.com/2015/05/06/spacex-crew-capsule-completes-dramatic-abort-test/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 24 November 2015, SpaceX conducted a test of Dragon 2's hovering abilities at the firm's rocket development facility in McGregor, Texas. In a video, the spacecraft is shown suspended by a hoisting cable and igniting its SuperDraco engines to hover for about 5 seconds, balancing on its 8 engines firing at reduced thrust to compensate exactly for gravity.<ref name="youtube-hovertest">{{cite AV media|title=Dragon 2 Propulsive Hover Test|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07Pm8ZY0XJI|publisher=SpaceX|date=21 January 2016|access-date=21 January 2016}}</ref> The test vehicle was the same capsule that performed the pad abort test earlier in 2015; it was nicknamed DragonFly.<ref name="nsf20151021">{{cite news|last1=Bergin|first1=Chris|title=SpaceX DragonFly arrives at McGregor for testing|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/10/spacex-dragonfly-arrives-mcgregor-testing/|access-date=30 October 2015|work=NASASpaceFlight.com|date=21 October 2015|archive-date=2 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102064252/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/10/spacex-dragonfly-arrives-mcgregor-testing/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Demo-1: Orbital flight test ===
{{Main|Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-1}}

In 2015, NASA named its first Commercial Crew astronaut cadre of four veteran astronauts to work with SpaceX and Boeing – Robert Behnken, Eric Boe, Sunita Williams, and Douglas Hurley.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-070915a-commercial-crew-astronauts.html|title=NASA assigns 4 astronauts to commercial Boeing, SpaceX test flights|website=collectspace.com|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=15 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315165800/http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-070915a-commercial-crew-astronauts.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-1|Demo-1]] mission completed the last milestone of the Commercial Crew Development program, paving the way to starting commercial services under an upcoming [[Astronomy:Commercial Crew Development|ISS Crew Transportation Services]] contract.<ref name=nsf20150305>{{cite news|title=Commercial crew demo missions manifested for Dragon 2 and CST-100 |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/03/commercial-crew-demo-missions-dragon-cst-100/|archive-date=17 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617084812/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/03/commercial-crew-demo-missions-dragon-cst-100/|last1=Bergin |first1=Chris|work=NASASpaceFlight.com|url-status=live|date=5 March 2015|access-date=7 March 2015}}</ref><ref name=taxi>{{cite news|last1=Kramer|first1=Miriam|title=Private Space Taxis on Track to Fly in 2017|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/private-space-taxis-on-track-to-fly-in-2017/|access-date=27 January 2015|work=Scientific American|date=27 January 2015|archive-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128042337/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/private-space-taxis-on-track-to-fly-in-2017/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 August 2018, NASA announced the crew for the DM-2 mission.<ref name=nasacc_crew>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-assigns-crews-to-first-test-flights-missions-on-commercial-spacecraft|title=NASA Assigns Crews to First Test Flights, Missions on Commercial Spacecraft|publisher=NASA|archive-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320101243/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-assigns-crews-to-first-test-flights-missions-on-commercial-spacecraft|url-status=live|date=3 August 2018|access-date=4 August 2018}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> The crew of two consisted of NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley. Behnken previously flew as mission specialist on the STS-123 and the STS-130 missions. Hurley previously flew as a pilot on the [[Engineering:STS-127|STS-127]] mission and on the final Space Shuttle mission, the [[Engineering:STS-135|STS-135]] mission.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commander of first crewed SpaceX launch Doug Hurley retires
|author=Rachael Nail|date=July 16, 2021|access-date=July 4, 2023 |url=https://www.floridatoday.com/story/tech/science/space/2021/07/16/commander-first-crewed-spacex-launch-doug-hurley-retires/7991847002/|publisher=Florida Today}}</ref>

The first orbital test of Crew Dragon was an uncrewed mission, commonly designated "Demo-1" <!-- SpaceX designated "Crew Demo-1", NASA designated "SpaceX Demo-1" --> and launched on 2 March 2019.<ref name=nasa-20190206>{{cite web |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2019/02/06/|title=NASA, Partners Update Commercial Crew Launch Dates|work=NASA Commercial Crew Program Blog|date=6 February 2019|access-date=6 February 2019 |archive-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302204511/https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2019/02/06/|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZL0tbOZYhE|title=Crew Demo-1 &#124; Launch|website=[[Company:YouTube|YouTube]]|access-date=8 March 2019|archive-date=8 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308142733/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZL0tbOZYhE|url-status=live}}</ref> The spacecraft tested the approach and automated docking procedures with the ISS,<ref name=nasa-20190303>{{cite web |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/03/03/spacex-crew-dragon-hatch-open/|title=SpaceX Crew Dragon Hatch Open|publisher=NASA|date=3 March 2019|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=4 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304111704/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/03/03/spacex-crew-dragon-hatch-open/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> remained docked until 8 March 2019, then conducted the full re-entry, splashdown and recovery steps to qualify for a crewed mission.<ref name=missionlength>{{cite web|url=https://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/crew_demo-1_press_kit.pdf |title=Crew Demo 1 Mission Overview|publisher=SpaceX|archive-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302235308/https://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/crew_demo-1_press_kit.pdf|url-status=live|date=March 2019|access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aAe0GWIWGI|title=SpaceX #CrewDragon Demonstration Flight Return to Earth|date=8 March 2019 |website=YouTube}}</ref> Life-support systems were monitored all along the test flight. The same capsule was planned to be re-used in June 2019 for an in-flight abort test before it exploded on 20 April 2019.<ref name=nasa-20190206/><ref name="NASA anomaly">{{cite web|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/spacexs-crew-dragon-spacecraft-anomaly-static-fire-testing/|title=SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft suffers an anomaly during static fire testing at Cape Canaveral|work=NASASpaceFlight.com|author=Baylor, Michael|date=20 April 2019|access-date=21 April 2019|archive-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401121754/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/spacexs-crew-dragon-spacecraft-anomaly-static-fire-testing/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Explosion during testing ===
[[File:KSC-20200119-PH-AWG04 0008.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Liftoff of Crew Dragon in-flight abort test]]

On 20 April 2019, the Crew Dragon capsule used in the [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-1|Demo-1]] mission was destroyed in an explosion during static fire testing at the Landing Zone 1 facility.<ref>{{cite tweet |last1=Bridenstine|first1=Jim|user=JimBridenstine|number=1119754804258062337|date=20 April 2019|title=NASA has been notified about the results of the @SpaceX Static Fire Test and the anomaly that occurred during the final test. We will work closely to ensure we safely move forward with our Commercial Crew Program.|access-date=21 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-crew-dragon-spaceship-test-explosion-2019-5|title=SpaceX confirmed that its Crew Dragon spaceship for NASA was 'destroyed' by a recent test. Here's what we learned about the explosive failure.|last=Mosher |first=Dave|work=Business Insider|access-date=6 May 2019|archive-date=7 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507103434/https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-crew-dragon-spaceship-test-explosion-2019-5|url-status=live}}</ref> On the day of the explosion, the initial testing of the Crew Dragon's Draco thrusters was successful, with the anomaly occurring during the test of the SuperDraco abort system.<ref name="spacex_explosion_update">{{cite web|url=https://www.spacex.com/news/2019/07/15/update-flight-abort-static-fire-anomaly-investigation|title=Update: In-Flight Abort Static Fire Test Anomaly Investigation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413005920/https://www.spacex.com/news/2019/07/15/update-flight-abort-static-fire-anomaly-investigation|archive-date=13 April 2020 |last=Shanklin|first=Emily|date=15 July 2019|publisher=SpaceX|access-date=18 July 2019}}</ref>

Telemetry, high-speed camera footage, and analysis of recovered debris indicate the problem occurred when a small amount of [[Chemistry:Dinitrogen tetroxide|dinitrogen tetroxide]] leaked into a [[Chemistry:Helium|helium]] line used to pressurize the propellant tanks. The leakage apparently occurred during pre-test processing. As a result, the pressurization of the system 100 ms before firing damaged a check valve and resulted in the explosion.<ref name="spacex_explosion_update"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/spacex-explosion-destroyed-crew-dragon-spacecraft-blamed-on-leaking-valve/|title=Explosion that destroyed SpaceX Crew Dragon is blamed on leaking valve|archive-date=16 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716024855/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/spacex-explosion-destroyed-crew-dragon-spacecraft-blamed-on-leaking-valve/ |url-status=live|first=Harwood |last=William|work=CBS News|date=15 July 2020|access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref>

Since the destroyed capsule had been slated for use in the upcoming in-flight abort test, the explosion and investigation delayed that test and the subsequent crewed orbital test.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.journalpioneer.com/news/world/nasa-boss-says-no-doubt-spacex-explosion-delays-flight-program-323465/|work=Journal Pioneer|title=NASA boss says no doubt SpaceX explosion delays flight program|last=Johnson |first=Eric M. |date=18 June 2019|access-date=18 June 2019|archive-date=18 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618101321/https://www.journalpioneer.com/news/world/nasa-boss-says-no-doubt-spacex-explosion-delays-flight-program-323465/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The SuperDraco engine test that failed on 20 April 2019 was repeated successfully on 13 November 2019. The full duration static fire test of Crew Dragon's launch escape system took place at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station at SpaceX's Landing Zone 1 at 20:08 [[Physics:Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]. The test was successful, showing that the modifications made to the vehicle to prevent a failure like the one that happened 20 April 2019 were successful. The vehicle used for this ground test would also be used for the following in-flight abort test.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/11/13/spacex-fires-up-crew-dragon-thrusters-in-key-test-after-april-explosion/|title=SpaceX fires up Crew Dragon thrusters in key test after April explosion|work=Spaceflight Now|first=Stephen|last=Clark|date=13 November 2019|access-date=12 August 2020|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606132003/https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/11/13/spacex-fires-up-crew-dragon-thrusters-in-key-test-after-april-explosion/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Some of the modifications are:
* Replacement of the valves with burst discs: Unlike valves, burst discs are designed for single use.
* Addition of flaps on each SuperDraco in order to reseal the thrusters prior to splashdown in the ocean, preventing water intrusion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-fires-redesigned-crew-dragon-superdraco-flaps/|title=SpaceX fires up redesigned Crew Dragon as NASA reveals SuperDraco thruster 'flaps'|first=Eric|last=Ralph|work=Teslarati|date=14 November 2019|access-date=16 November 2019 |archive-date=16 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116151800/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-fires-redesigned-crew-dragon-superdraco-flaps/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== In-flight abort test ===
{{main|Engineering:Crew Dragon In-Flight Abort Test}}
[[File:The SpaceX Crew Dragon as it approached the International Space Station (iss063e021563).jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|SpaceX Crew Dragon ''Endeavour'' as it approached the International Space Station]]
[[File:SpaceX Demo-2 Landing (NHQ202008020028).jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|''Endeavour'' capsule being recovered after splashdown]]

The Crew Dragon in-flight abort test was launched on 19 January 2020 at 15:30 UTC from [[Astronomy:Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC-39A]] on a [[Engineering:Sub-orbital spaceflight|suborbital]] trajectory to conduct a separation and abort scenario in the [[Earth:Troposphere|troposphere]] at [[Physics:Transonic|transonic]] velocities shortly after passing through [[Physics:Max q|max Q]], where the vehicle experiences maximum aerodynamic pressure. The Dragon 2 used its SuperDraco abort engines to push itself away from the Falcon 9 after an intentional premature engine cutoff, after which the Falcon was destroyed by aerodynamic forces. The Dragon followed its suborbital trajectory to apogee, at which point the spacecraft's trunk was jettisoned. The smaller Draco engines were then used to orient the vehicle for the descent. All major functions were executed, including separation, engine firings, parachute deployment, and landing. Dragon 2 splashed down at 15:38:54 UTC just off the Florida coast in the Atlantic Ocean.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-spacex-complete-final-major-flight-test-of-crew-spacecraft|title=NASA, SpaceX Complete Final Major Flight Test of Crew Spacecraft|first=Karen|last=Northon|date=19 January 2020|publisher=NASA|access-date=3 June 2020|archive-date=23 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123115852/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-spacex-complete-final-major-flight-test-of-crew-spacecraft|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> The test objective was to demonstrate the ability to safely move away from the ascending rocket under the most challenging atmospheric conditions of the flight trajectory, imposing the worst structural stress of a real flight on the rocket and spacecraft.<ref name=nsf20140828/> The abort test was performed using a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket with a fully fueled second stage with a mass simulator replacing the Merlin engine.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/space-exploration-technologies/second-spacex-crew-flight-ordered-nasa/|title=Second SpaceX Crew Flight Ordered by NASA|work=Spaceflight Insider |first=Derek|last=Richardson|date=30 July 2016|access-date=9 August 2016|quote=Currently, the first uncrewed test of the spacecraft is expected to launch in May 2017. Sometime after that, SpaceX plans to conduct an in-flight abort to test the SuperDraco thrusters while the rocket is traveling through the area of maximum dynamic pressure – Max Q.|archive-date=6 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806174828/http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/space-exploration-technologies/second-spacex-crew-flight-ordered-nasa/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Earlier, this test had been scheduled before the uncrewed orbital test,<ref name=shotwell-crewdragon>{{cite news|last=Foust|first=Jeff|url=http://spacenews.com/spacex-seeks-to-accelerate-falcon-9-production-and-launch-rates-this-year/|title=SpaceX seeks to accelerate Falcon 9 production and launch rates this year|work=SpaceNews|date=4 February 2016|quote=Shotwell said the company is planning an in-flight abort test of the Crew Dragon spacecraft before the end of this year, where the vehicle uses its thrusters to separate from a Falcon 9 rocket during ascent. That will be followed in 2017 by two demonstration flights to the International Space Station, the first without a crew and the second with astronauts on board, and then the first operational mission.|access-date=6 February 2016|archive-date=9 February 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160209152801/http://spacenews.com/spacex-seeks-to-accelerate-falcon-9-production-and-launch-rates-this-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> however, SpaceX and NASA considered it safer to use a flight representative capsule rather than the test article from the pad abort test.<ref name=nasa-fidelity>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/more-fidelity-for-spacex-in-flight-abort-reduces-risk/|title=More Fidelity for SpaceX In-Flight Abort Reduces Risk|last=Siceloff|first=Steven|date=1 July 2015|publisher=NASA|access-date=19 June 2016|quote=In the updated plan, SpaceX would launch its uncrewed flight test (DM-1), refurbish the flight test vehicle, then conduct the in-flight abort test prior to the crew flight test. Using the same vehicle for the in-flight abort test will improve the realism of the ascent abort test and reduce risk.|archive-date=16 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616202356/http://www.nasa.gov/feature/more-fidelity-for-spacex-in-flight-abort-reduces-risk/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

This test was previously planned to use the capsule C204 from Demo-1, however, C204 was destroyed in an explosion during a static fire testing on 20 April 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.spacex.com/news/2019/07/15/update-flight-abort-static-fire-anomaly-investigation|title=Update: In-Flight Abort Static Fire Test Anomaly Investigation|last=Shanklin|first=Emily|date=15 July 2019 |publisher=SpaceX|access-date=26 January 2020|archive-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715213628/https://www.spacex.com/news/2019/07/15/update-flight-abort-static-fire-anomaly-investigation|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Engineering:Crew Dragon C205|Capsule C205]], originally planned for Demo-2 was used for the In-Flight Abort Test<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/01/spacex-crew-dragon-in-flight-abort-test/|title=SpaceX conducts successful Crew Dragon In-Flight Abort Test|date=17 January 2020|website=NASA Spaceflight|access-date=26 January 2020|archive-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525051635/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/01/spacex-crew-dragon-in-flight-abort-test/|url-status=live}}</ref> with C206 being planned for use during Demo-2. This was the final flight test of the spacecraft before it began carrying astronauts to the [[Astronomy:International Space Station|International Space Station]] under NASA's Commercial Crew Program.

Prior to the flight test, teams completed launch day procedures for the first crewed flight test, from suit-up to launch pad operations. The joint teams conducted full data reviews that needed to be completed prior to NASA astronauts flying on the system during SpaceX's Demo-2 mission.<ref name="NASA 19 January 2020">{{cite web|last1=Northon|first1=Karen|title=NASA, SpaceX Complete Final Major Flight Test of Crew Spacecraft|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-spacex-complete-final-major-flight-test-of-crew-spacecraft|publisher=NASA|access-date=26 January 2020|date=19 January 2020|archive-date=25 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125045217/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-spacex-complete-final-major-flight-test-of-crew-spacecraft|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

=== Demo-2: crewed orbital flight test ===
{{Main|Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-2}}

On 17 April 2020, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine announced the first crewed [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-2|Crew Dragon Demo-2]] to the International Space Station would launch on 27 May 2020.<ref>{{cite tweet|last=Bridenstine |first=Jim|user=JimBridenstine|number=1251178705633841167|date=17 April 2020|title=BREAKING: On May 27, @NASA will once again launch American astronauts on American rockets from American soil! With our @SpaceX partners, @Astro_Doug and @AstroBehnken will launch to the @Space_Station on the #CrewDragon spacecraft atop a Falcon 9 rocket. Let's #LaunchAmerica pic.twitter.com/RINb3mfRWI|access-date=17 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley crewed the mission, marking the first crewed launch to the [[Astronomy:International Space Station|International Space Station]] from U.S. soil since [[Engineering:STS-135|STS-135]] in July 2011. The original launch was postponed to 30 May 2020 due to weather conditions at the launch site.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=SpaceX|number=1265739654810091520|date=27 May 2020|title=Standing down from launch today due to unfavorable weather in the flight path. Our next launch opportunity is Saturday, May 30 at 19:22 UTC|access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> The second launch attempt was successful, with capsule C206, later named ''[[Engineering:Crew Dragon Endeavour|Endeavour]]'' by the crew, launching on 30 May 2020 19:22 [[Physics:Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]].<ref>{{cite tweet|user=SpaceX|number=1266812530833240064|date=30 May 2020|title=Liftoff! |access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|user=elonmusk|number=1266890648587776003|date=30 May 2020|title=Dragonship Endeavor}}</ref> The capsule successfully docked with the [[Astronomy:International Space Station|International Space Station]] on 31 May 2020 at 14:27 UTC.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=SpaceX|number=1267098143805435904|date=31 May 2020|title=Docking confirmed – Crew Dragon has arrived at the @space_station!|access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=For all these tweets - social media is generally not acceptable as a source|date=April 2022}} On 2 August 2020, Crew Dragon undocked and splashed-down successfully in the Atlantic Ocean.

Launching in the Dragon 2 spacecraft was described by astronaut Bob Behnken as "smooth off the pad" but "we were definitely driving and riding a dragon all the way up ... a little bit less g's [than the Space Shuttle] but more 'alive' is probably the best way I would describe it".<ref>"We were surprised a little bit at how smooth things were off the pad ... and our expectation was as we continued with the flight into second stage that things would basically get a lot smoother than the Space Shuttle did, but Dragon was huffing and puffing all the way into orbit, and we were definitely driving and riding a dragon all the way up, and so it was not quite the same ride, the smooth ride as the Space Shuttle was up to MECO. A little bit less g's but a little bit more 'alive' is probably the best way I would describe it". {{cite AV media|title=NASA Astronauts Arrive at the International Space Station on SpaceX Spacecraft|date=31 May 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyNl87mXOkc|access-date=31 May 2020|time=03:46:02}}</ref>

Regarding descent in the spacecraft, Behnken stated, "Once we descended a little bit into the atmosphere, Dragon really came alive. It started to fire thrusters and keep us pointed in the appropriate direction. The atmosphere starts to make noise—you can hear that rumble outside the vehicle. And as the vehicle tries to control, you feel a little bit of that shimmy in your body. ...  We could feel those small rolls and pitches and yaws—all those little motions were things we picked up on inside the vehicle. ... All the separation events, from the trunk separation through the parachute firings, were very much like getting hit in the back of the chair with a baseball bat ... pretty light for the trunk separation but with the parachutes it was a pretty significant jolt".<ref>{{cite news |work=BBC News |title=SpaceX: Nasa crew describe rumbles and jolts of return to Earth |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53658837 |first=Paul |last=Rincon |date=4 August 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805021702/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53658837|archive-date=5 August 2020}}</ref>

== List of vehicles ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:0.95; line-height:1.5em;"
|+ Dragon 2 vehicles<ref name="NSF1">{{cite web|title=NASA briefly updates status of Crew Dragon anomaly, SpaceX test schedule|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/05/nasa-briefly-crew-dragon-anomaly-spacex-schedule/|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821140952/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/05/nasa-briefly-crew-dragon-anomaly-spacex-schedule/|url-status=live |last1=Gebhardt|first1=Chris|work=NASASpaceFlight.com|date=29 May 2019|access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="SCR00CHY">{{cite web|author1=SCR00CHY|title=List of Dragon Capsules|url=https://www.elonx.net/list-of-dragon-capsules/|website=ElonX.net|access-date=3 June 2020|date=21 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603193039/https://www.elonx.net/list-of-dragon-capsules/|archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="GunterSpacePage2">{{cite web|title=Crew Dragon |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/dragon-v2.htm|archive-date=16 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716191256/https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/dragon-v2.htm|url-status=dead |publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=11 June 2019}}</ref>
|- class="is-sticky"
! | Serial
! | Name
! Type
! Status
! Flights
! Flight time
!Total flight time
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | <abbr title="Commons category">Cat.</abbr>
|-
| {{Visible anchor|C201}}
| ''DragonFly''
| Prototype
| {{Draw|Retired}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="4" | 100 seconds 
([[Engineering:Crew Dragon Pad Abort Test|Pad Abort Test]])
|100s
| Prototype used for pad abort test at Cape Canaveral and tethered hover tests at the McGregor Test Facility.
|-
| {{Visible anchor|C202}}
| ''Qual Module''
| Prototype
| {{Draw|Retired}}
| {{Color|grey|N/A}}
| {{Color|grey|N/A}}
|{{Color|grey|N/A}}
| Pressure vessel qualification module used for structural testing.
| 
|-
| {{Visible anchor|C203}}
| ''{{abbr|ECLSS|Environmental Control & Life Support System}} Module''
| Prototype
| {{yes2|Grounded}}
| {{Color|grey|N/A}}
| {{Color|grey|N/A}}
|{{Color|grey|N/A}}
| Environmental Control & Life Support System module. Still used for human-in-the-loop testing.
| 
|-
| {{Visible anchor|[[Engineering:Crew Dragon C204|C204]]}}
| {{color|grey|None}}
| Crew
| {{No|Destroyed}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="2" | {{Time interval|2019-03-2 07:49:03|2019-03-08 13:45:08|show=dhm|sep=,|abbr=on}} ([[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-1|Demo-1]])
|{{Time interval|2019-03-2 07:49:03|2019-03-08 13:45:08|show=dhm|sep=,|abbr=on}}
| First Dragon 2 to fly in space. Only flight was [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-1|Demo-1]]; accidentally destroyed during ground testing of the abort thrusters weeks after the flight.
|-
| {{Visible anchor|[[Engineering:Crew Dragon C205|C205]]}}
| {{color|grey|None}}
| Crew
| {{Draw|Retired}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="3" | 8m, 54s ([[Engineering:Crew Dragon In-Flight Abort Test|In-Flight Abort Test]])
| 8m, 54s
| Was originally to be used on [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-2|Demo-2]] but instead flew the [[Engineering:Crew Dragon In-Flight Abort Test|Crew Dragon In-Flight Abort Test]] due to the destruction of C204 and was retired afterwards.
|-
| {{Visible anchor|[[Engineering:Crew Dragon Endeavour|C206]]}}
| ''[[Engineering:Crew Dragon Endeavour|Endeavour]]''
| bgcolor=lightblue|Crew
|{{active|Active}}
| 4
| data-sort-value="1" | {{time interval|30 May 2020 19:22:45|2 August 2020 18:47:47|abbr=on|sep=comma|show=dhm}} (''[[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-2|Demo-2]]'')<br />{{time interval|23 April 2021 09:49:02|9 November 2021 03:33:15|abbr=on|sep=comma|show=dhm}} (''[[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-2|Crew-2]]'')<br />{{time interval|8 April 2022 15:17:11|25 April 2022 17:06:23|abbr=on|sep=comma|show=dhm}} (''Axiom-1'')<br />185d, 22h, 43m (''[[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-6|Crew-6]]'')
| 466d, 17h, 41m
| First vehicle to carry crew; named after {{OV|105}}. First flown during [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-2|Crew Demo-2]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/05/27/falcon-9-crew-dragon-demo-2-mission-status-center/|title=NASA astronauts launch from U.S. soil for first time in nine years|work=Spaceflight Now|date=30 May 2020|access-date=31 May 2020|archive-date=31 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531005857/https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/05/27/falcon-9-crew-dragon-demo-2-mission-status-center/|url-status=live}}</ref> Has since flown the [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-2|Crew-2]],<ref name="FoustReuse"/> Axiom-1, and [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-6|Crew-6]] missions.
|-
| {{Visible anchor|[[Engineering:Crew Dragon Resilience|C207]]}}
| ''[[Engineering:Crew Dragon Resilience|Resilience]]''
| bgcolor=lightblue|Crew
| {{Active|Active}}
| 2
| data-sort-value="2" | {{time interval|16 November 2020 00:27:17|2 May 2021 06:56:43|abbr=on|sep=comma|show=dhm}} (''[[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-1|Crew-1]]'')<br />{{time interval|16 September 2021 00:02:56|18 September 2021 23:06:49|abbr=on|sep=comma|show=dhm}} (''[[Engineering:Inspiration4|Inspiration4]]'')
| 170d, 5h, 32m
| First full-production Crew Dragon used for [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-1|Crew-1]].<ref name="NASAMay02"/> Has since flown the [[Engineering:Inspiration4|Inspiration4]] mission, featuring the largest window ever flown in space called the cupola window which was in place of the docking adapter.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.space.com/inspiration4-spacex-crew-dragon-toilet-dome-window|title=The private Inspiration4 astronauts on SpaceX's Dragon may have an epic view ... from the toilet|website=Space.com|date=14 September 2021|access-date=16 September 2021|archive-date=16 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916122211/https://www.space.com/inspiration4-spacex-crew-dragon-toilet-dome-window|url-status=live}}</ref>[[Engineering:Crew Dragon Resilience|Resilience]] will return to space in (NET April 2024) hosting the [[Engineering:Polaris Dawn|Polaris Dawn]] crew. 
|-
| {{Visible anchor|[[Engineering:Cargo Dragon C208|C208]]}}
| {{Color|grey|N/A}}
| bgcolor=orange|Cargo
| {{Active|Active}}
| 4
| 38d, 9h, 9m (''[[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-21|CRS-21]]'')<br />32d, 19h, 42m (''[[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-23|CRS-23]]'')<br />36d, 18h, 9m (''[[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-25|CRS-25]]'')<br />24d, 22h, 43m (''[[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-28|CRS-28]]'')
| 132d, 21h, 43m 
| First Cargo Dragon 2, which flew the [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-21|CRS-21]], [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-23|CRS-23]], [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-25|CRS-25]] and [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-28|CRS-28]] missions.<ref name="SpaceX_Tweet_Splashdown">{{cite tweet|user=SpaceX|number=1349528716951474177|date=13 January 2021|title=Splashdown of Dragon confirmed, completing SpaceX's 21st @Space_Station resupply mission and the first return of a cargo resupply spacecraft off the coast of Florida|access-date=11 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528082831/https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/1349528716951474177|archive-date=28 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{Visible anchor|[[Engineering:Cargo Dragon C209|C209]]}}
| {{Color|grey|N/A}}
| bgcolor=orange|Cargo
| {{Active|Active}}
| 3
| 36d, 9h, 59m (''[[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-22|CRS-22]]'')<br />34d, 10h, 57m (''[[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-24|CRS-24]]'')<br />31d, 20h, 28m ([[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-27|CRS-27]])
| 92d, 17h, 24m
| Second Cargo Dragon 2, which flew the [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-22|CRS-22]], [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-24|CRS-24]] and [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-27|CRS-27]] missions.
|-
| {{Visible anchor|C210}}<ref name="C210">{{cite web|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/10/spacex-nasa-prep-for-crew-3/|title=SpaceX and NASA beginning final preparations for Crew-3 mission|work=NASASpaceFlight.com|date=1 October 2021|access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref>
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Endurance|''Endurance'']]
| bgcolor=lightblue|Crew
| {{active|Active}}<br>Docked to ISS
| 3
| {{time interval|11 November 2021 02:03:30|6 May 2022 04:43:23|abbr=on|sep=comma|show=dhm}} (''[[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-3|Crew-3]]'')<br />{{time interval|5 October 2022 16:00:57|12 March 2023 02:02|abbr=on|sep=comma|show=dhm}} (''[[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-5|Crew-5]]'')<br />{{time interval|26 August 2023 07:27|abbr=on|sep=comma|show=dhm}} (''[[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-7|Crew-7]] in progress'')
| 333d, 12h, 40m+
| First flew the [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-3|Crew-3]] mission launched in November 2021.<ref name="nasa-20211025">{{cite web|last=Garcia|first=Mark|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/what-you-need-to-know-about-nasa-s-spacex-crew-3-mission/|title=What You Need to Know about NASA's SpaceX Crew-3 Mission|publisher=NASA|date=25 October 2021|access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> It has since flown the [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-5|SpaceX Crew-5]] and [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-7|SpaceX Crew-7]] missions.
|-
| {{Visible anchor|[[Engineering:Cargo Dragon C211|C211]]}}
| {{Color|grey|N/A}}
| bgcolor=orange|Cargo
| {{Active|Active}}
| 2
| 45d, 14h, 59m (''[[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-26|CRS-26]]'')<br /> 42d, 16h, 5m (''[[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-29|CRS-29]]'')
| 88d, 7h, 5m
| Third Cargo Dragon 2, which flew the [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-26|CRS-26]] and [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-29|CRS-29]] missions.<ref name="sfn20211006"/><ref name="Kanayama">{{Cite web |last=Kanayama |first=Lee |date=2022-09-16 |title=SpaceX and NASA in final preparations for Crew-5 mission |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/09/crew-5-preperations/ |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{Visible anchor|[[Engineering:Crew Dragon Freedom|C212]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ax-1 Mission Briefing | website=[[Company:YouTube|YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpHvNHfDLm0&t=2575s}}</ref>}}
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Freedom|''Freedom'']]
| bgcolor=lightblue|Crew
| {{Active|Active}}<br>Docked to ISS
| 3
| {{time interval|27 April 2022 07:52:55|14 October 2022 20:55:03|abbr=on|sep=comma|show=dhm}} (''[[Astronomy:SpaceX Crew-4|Crew-4]]'')<br />{{time interval|21 May 2023 21:37:09|31 May 2023 03:04:24|abbr=on|sep=comma|show=dhm}} ([[Astronomy:Axiom Mission 2|Axiom-2]])
11d, 1h, 31m ([[Astronomy:Axiom Mission 3|Axiom-3]] in progress) 
| 179d, 18h, 29m
| First flew the [[Astronomy:SpaceX Crew-4|Crew-4]] mission launched on the 24th of April 2022.<ref name="sfn20211006">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/06/spacex-is-adding-two-more-crew-dragons-to-its-fleet/ |title=SpaceX is adding two more Crew Dragons to its fleet|first=Stephen|last=Clark|work=Spaceflight Now|date=6 October 2021|access-date=7 October 2021}}</ref> It Has also flown the [[Astronomy:Axiom Mission 2|Axiom 2]] mission launched on the 23rd of may 2023, as-well as currently being in space for the [[Astronomy:Axiom Mission 3|Axiom-3]] mission, Launched on the 18th of January 2024.
|-
| {{Visible anchor|C213}}
| N/A
| bgcolor=lightblue|Crew
| {{Included|Under construction}}<ref name="sn2022-11-19">{{cite web |last1=Foust |first1=Jeff |title=SpaceX to launch last new cargo Dragon spacecraft |url=https://spacenews.com/spacex-to-launch-last-new-cargo-dragon-spacecraft/ |website=SpaceNews |access-date=18 February 2023 |date=19 November 2022 |quote=Walker revealed at the briefing SpaceX plans to build a fifth and likely final Crew Dragon.}}</ref>
| 0
| {{Color|grey|TBD}}
| {{Color|grey|TBD}}
| Final Crew Dragon to be built. Construction is planned to finish in 2024.
| 
|}

== List of flights ==
''List includes only completed or currently manifested missions. Launch dates are listed in [[Physics:Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]].''

=== Crew Dragon flights ===
''NET'' means 'no earlier than'.  All dates are with respect to the launch point time zone, US [[Eastern Time Zone]] .
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:0.95; line-height:1.5em;"
|- class="is-sticky"
! Mission and Patch
! Capsule<br/><ref name="GunterSpacePage2"/>
! Launch date
! Landing date
! Description
! Crew
! Outcome
|-
! colspan="8" | Test flights
|-
! [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Pad Abort Test|Pad Abort Test]] ([[:File:Crew Dragon Pad Abort Test.png|patch]])<!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| [[Engineering:Dragon 2 DragonFly|C201 ''DragonFly'']]
| 6 May 2015
| 6 May 2015
| Pad Abort Test, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Stephen|title=SpaceX crew capsule completes dramatic abort test|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/05/06/spacex-crew-capsule-completes-dramatic-abort-test/|work=Spaceflight Now|date=6 May 2015|access-date=6 May 2015|archive-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610060727/http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/05/06/spacex-crew-capsule-completes-dramatic-abort-test/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{N/A}}
| {{Success}}
|-
![[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-1|Demo-1]] ([[:File:Crew Dragon Demo-1.png|patch]])
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon C204|C204]]
| 2 March 2019<ref name=nasa-20190206/>
| 8 March 2019
| Uncrewed orbital test flight; docked to ISS 3 March 2019, 08:50 UTC; departed 8 March 2019, 05:32 UTC.
| {{N/A}}
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:Crew Dragon In-Flight Abort Test|In-Flight Abort Test]] ([[:File:Crew Dragon In-Flight Abort Test.png|patch]])<!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon C205|C205.1]]
| 19 January 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.launchphotography.com/Delta_4_Atlas_5_Falcon_9_Launch_Viewing.html|title=Rocket Launch Viewing Guide for Cape Canaveral|website=launchphotography.com|first=Ben |last=Cooper|date=2 November 2019|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-date=9 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209063848/http://www.launchphotography.com/Delta_4_Atlas_5_Falcon_9_Launch_Viewing.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 19 January 2020
| Used the capsule originally planned for Demo-2.<ref name="NASA Static Fire Investigation">{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2019/05/28/nasa-provides-update-on-spacex-crew-dragon-static-fire-investigation/|title=NASA Provides Update on SpaceX Crew Dragon Static Fire Investigation – Commercial Crew Program|publisher=NASA|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=28 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528202821/https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2019/05/28/nasa-provides-update-on-spacex-crew-dragon-static-fire-investigation/|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
| {{N/A}}
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Demo-2|Demo-2]] [[File:Crew Dragon Demo-2 Patch.png|50px]] 
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Endeavour|C206.1 ''Endeavour'']]
| 30 May 2020<ref name= "ClarkApril17">{{cite news|last1=Clark|first1=Stephen|title=NASA, SpaceX set May 27 as target date for first crew launch|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/04/17/nasa-spacex-set-may-27-as-target-date-for-first-crew-launch/|work=Spaceflight Now|date=17 April 2020|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421094936/https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/04/17/nasa-spacex-set-may-27-as-target-date-for-first-crew-launch/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=SF>{{cite web |url=http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/dragon_spx-dm2.htm|title=Crew Dragon SpX-DM2|work=Spacefacts|access-date=31 May 2020|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703194414/http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/dragon_spx-dm2.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 2 August 2020
| First crewed flight test of Dragon 2. The mission was extended from two weeks to nine, in order to allow the crew to bolster activity on the ISS ahead of [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-1|Crew-1]], including partaking in four spacewalks. 
| {{Unbulleted list|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} Douglas Hurley}}|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} Robert Behnken}}}}
| {{Success}}
|-
! colspan="8" style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; background: #ffeden;" | Operational flights
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-1|Crew-1]] [[File:SpaceX Crew-1 logo.svg|frameless|55x55px]]
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Resilience|C207.1 ''Resilience'']]
| 16 November 2020<ref>{{cite web|last=Northon|first=Karen|date=2020-10-26|title=NASA, SpaceX Invite Media to Crew-1 Mission Update, Target New Date|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-spacex-invite-media-to-crew-1-mission-update-target-new-launch-date|access-date=2020-10-27|publisher=NASA|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030172549/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-spacex-invite-media-to-crew-1-mission-update-target-new-launch-date/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2020/10/10/nasa-spacex-crew-1-launch-update/|title=NASA, SpaceX Crew-1 Launch Update|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010222517/https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2020/10/10/nasa-spacex-crew-1-launch-update/|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|publisher=NASA}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
| 2 May 2021<ref name="NASAMay02">{{cite web|title=Crew-1 Makes Nighttime Splashdown, Ends Mission|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/crew-1/2021/05/02/crew-1-makes-nighttime-splashdown-ends-mission/|publisher=NASA|access-date=2 May 2021|date=2 May 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502072154/https://blogs.nasa.gov/crew-1/2021/05/02/crew-1-makes-nighttime-splashdown-ends-mission/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
| First operational Commercial Crew flight, flying four astronauts to the ISS for a six-month mission. [[Company:Roscosmos|Roscosmos]] had not yet certified the Crew Dragon vehicle, so a third NASA astronaut was added instead of a Russian cosmonaut.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-selects-astronauts-for-crew-dragon-mission/|title=NASA selects astronauts for Crew Dragon mission|date=31 March 2020|access-date=1 April 2020 |last=Foust |first=Jeff|website=spacenews.com|archive-date=2 April 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200402052416/https://spacenews.com/nasa-selects-astronauts-for-crew-dragon-mission/|url-status=live}}</ref> Broke the record for the longest spaceflight by a U.S. crew vehicle, previously held by the [[Engineering:Skylab 4|Skylab 4]] mission.<ref name="SFN20210405">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/04/05/crew-1-dragon-relocation-mission-status-center/|title=Live coverage: SpaceX crew capsule set to move to new space station docking port|work=Spaceflight Now|date=5 April 2021|access-date=5 April 2021|archive-date=5 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405055233/https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/04/05/crew-1-dragon-relocation-mission-status-center/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{Unbulleted list|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} Michael Hopkins}}|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} Victor Glover}}|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|JPN}} Soichi Noguchi}}|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} Shannon Walker}}}}
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-2|Crew-2]] [[File:SpaceX Crew-2 logo.png|frameless|55x55px]]
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Endeavour|C206.2 ♺ ''Endeavour'']]<br/><ref name="FoustReuse"/>
| 23 April 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-spacex-invite-media-to-next-commercial-crew-launch|title=NASA, SpaceX Invite Media to Next Commercial Crew Launch|last=Potter|first=Sean|publisher=NASA|date=5 March 2021|access-date=5 March 2021|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310233109/http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-spacex-invite-media-to-next-commercial-crew-launch/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
| 9 November 2021<ref name="nasa-20210614">{{cite web|last=Sempsrott|first=Danielle|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/kennedy/2021/06/14/nasa-spacex-update-crew-launch-and-return-dates/|title=NASA, SpaceX Update Crew Launch and Return Dates|publisher=NASA|date=14 June 2021|access-date=14 June 2021|archive-date=14 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614203104/https://blogs.nasa.gov/kennedy/2021/06/14/nasa-spacex-update-crew-launch-and-return-dates/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
| Second operational Commercial Crew flight, transferring crew to the ISS for a six-month mission. NASA agreed to allow SpaceX to reuse a booster and capsule for the first time on this flight. Crew includes the first [[Organization:European Space Agency|ESA]] astronaut to fly on Crew Dragon, mission specialist Thomas Pesquet. After spending almost 200 days in orbit, the Crew Dragon Endeavour set the record for the longest spaceflight by a U.S. crew vehicle previously set by her sibling Crew Dragon Resilience on May 2, 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ralph |first1=Eric |title=SpaceX Dragon returns astronauts to Earth after record-breaking spaceflight |url=https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-crew-2-dragon-astronauts-return/ |website=Teslarati |date=9 November 2021 |access-date=9 November 2021}}</ref>
| {{Unbulleted list|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} R. Shane Kimbrough}}|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} K. Megan McArthur{{efn|Alongside the 3 other crew members, Megan McArthur is using the same seat of the [[Company:SpaceX|SpaceX]] Crew Dragon ''[[Engineering:Crew Dragon Endeavour|Endeavour]]'' in this mission which her husband, Bob Behnken, used in SpaceX Demo-2 mission, the first mission of the ''Endeavour'' capsule.<ref name="RefurbishedSeat">{{cite web|date=20 April 2020|title=Megan to reuse Bob's demo-2 seat in crew-2 mission|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/20/international-crew-recycled-capsule-spacex-prepares-to-launch|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=23 April 2021|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423055510/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/20/international-crew-recycled-capsule-spacex-prepares-to-launch|url-status=live}}</ref> }}}}|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|Japan}} Akihiko Hoshide}}|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|France}} Thomas Pesquet {{efn|The European Portion of SpaceX Crew-2 is called Mission Alpha, which is headed by Thomas Pesquet shown by the logo }}<ref name="ESA20200728"/>}}}}
| {{Success}} 
|-
! [[Engineering:Inspiration4|Inspiration4]] (patch [[:File:Inspiration4.png|1]] and [[:File:SpaceX Inspiration4 insignia.png|2]])<!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Resilience|C207.2 ♺ ''Resilience'']]<br/><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Berger|first=Eric|user=SciGuySpace|number=1356373297987002368|date=1 February 2021|title=Takeaways from call on Inspiration4: • Jared Isaacman seems super-likable, a real space cadet • Musk emphasizing this is a step toward lower cost spaceflight • Musk says he will go to space one day, but not on this mission • Mission will use Resilience, help fund Starship|access-date=11 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201224629/https://twitter.com/SciGuySpace/status/1356373297987002368|archive-date=1 February 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 16 September 2021<ref>{{cite web|last=Atkinson|first=Ian|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/09/spacex-launch-inspiration4/|title=SpaceX launches Inspiration4, first all-private orbital mission|work=NASASpaceFlight|date=15 September 2021|access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref>
| 18 September 2021<ref>{{cite web|last=Sheetz|first=Michael|date=2021-09-18|title=SpaceX's private Inspiration4 mission splashes down safely in Atlantic Ocean|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/18/watch-spacex-livestream-inspiration4-splashdown-crew-dragon-returns.html|archive-date=18 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918223057/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/18/watch-spacex-livestream-inspiration4-splashdown-crew-dragon-returns.html|url-status=live|work=CNBC|access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref>
| The first all-civilian mission to orbit. The flight reached a 585&nbsp;km orbit and the crew conducted science and medical experiments and public outreach activities for 3 days.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/spacex/status/1438336379830915072|title=Second phasing burn complete|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916035116/https://twitter.com/spacex/status/1438336379830915072|url-status=live|website=Twitter|archive-date=16 September 2021|access-date=2021-09-16}}</ref> First standalone orbital Crew Dragon flight, and the first flight with the cupola.
| {{Unbulleted list|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} Jared Isaacman}}|{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Biography:Sian Proctor|Sian Proctor]]|{{Flagicon|USA}} Hayley Arceneaux|{{Flagicon|USA}} Christopher Sembroski}}
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-3|Crew-3]] [[File:SpaceX Crew-3 logo.svg|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Endurance|C210.1 ''Endurance'']]
| 11 November 2021<ref name="nasa-20211030">{{cite web |last=Sempsrott |first=Danielle |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2021/10/30/nasa-spacex-adjust-next-space-station-crew-rotation-launch-date-2/ |title=NASA, SpaceX Adjust Next Space Station Crew Rotation Launch Date |publisher=NASA |date=30 October 2021 |access-date=30 October 2021}}</ref>
| 6 May 2022<ref name="space-20220428">{{cite web |last=Chelsea |first=Gohd |url=https://www.space.com/spacex-crew3-astronauts-nasa-spacesuits-return-splashdown |title=SpaceX Crew-3 astronauts have fun testing spacesuits before coming home (photos) |publisher=space.com |date=28 April 2022 }}</ref>
| Third operational Commercial Crew flight, transporting four astronauts to the ISS for a six-month mission.
| {{Unbulleted list|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} Raja Chari}}|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} Thomas Marshburn}}|{{Flagicon|Germany}} Matthias Maurer{{efn|The European Portion of SpaceX Crew-3 is called Mission Cosmic Kiss, which is headed by Matthias Maurer shown by the logo}}|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} Kayla Barron}}<ref name="ESA20200728"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/barron-kayla|title=Kayla Barron|date=8 June 2017|publisher=NASA|access-date=4 May 2021|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427153945/https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/barron-kayla/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>}}
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Astronomy:Axiom Mission 1|Axiom-1]] ([[:File:Axiom Mission 1.png|patch]])<!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Endeavour|C206.3 ♺ ''Endeavour'']]
| 8 April 2022<ref name="nasa-ls">{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/launchschedule/ |title=NASA Launch Schedule |publisher=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |date=28 March 2022 |access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
| 25 April 2022
| First Crew Dragon flight contracted by [[Company:Axiom Space|Axiom Space]]. First fully private flight to the ISS, carrying Michael López-Alegría as Axiom professional astronaut,<ref>{{cite tweet |number=1306941899186593795|title=Space Hero mission is about 4th on @Axiom_Space manifest, Mike Suffredini tells @AviationWeek. First up in October 2021 is flight of 3 private individuals and former @NASA_Astronauts Mike Lopez-Algeria.|user=Free_Space|author=Irene Klotz|date=18 September 2020}}</ref> Eytan Stibbe to conduct educational experiments for a 10-day trip,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/science/axiom-space-station.html|title=There Are 2 Seats Left for This Trip to the International Space Station|first=Kenneth|last=Chang|date=5 March 2020|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=28 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528121556/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/science/axiom-space-station.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/5/21166657/spacex-tourists-iss-international-space-station-orbit-falcon-9-dragon|title=SpaceX will send three tourists to the International Space Station next year|first=Sean|last=O'Kane|date=5 March 2020|work=The Verge|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=16 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516040213/https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/5/21166657/spacex-tourists-iss-international-space-station-orbit-falcon-9-dragon|url-status=live}}</ref> Larry Connor and Mark Pathy.<ref name="collectspaceAx1">{{cite web|url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-012621a-axiom-space-ax1-crew-announce.html|title=Axiom Space names first private crew to launch to space station|work=CollectSpace|date=26 January 2021|access-date=26 January 2021|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310132331/http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-012621a-axiom-space-ax1-crew-announce.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{Unbulleted list|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} /{{Flagicon|ESP}} Michael López-Alegría}}|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} Larry Connor}}|{{flagicon|Israel}} Eytan Stibbe<ref>{{cite news|title=Israel names second Israeli to go to space: A millionaire who will fund the trip himself|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-former-fighter-pilot-named-second-israeli-to-go-to-space-1.9311356|access-date=2020-11-17|newspaper=Haaretz|archive-date=18 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118004704/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-former-fighter-pilot-named-second-israeli-to-go-to-space-1.9311356|url-status=live}}</ref>| {{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|CAN}} Mark Pathy}}}}
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Astronomy:SpaceX Crew-4|Crew-4]] [[File:SpaceX Crew 4 logo.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Freedom|C212.1 ''Freedom'']]
| 27 April 2022<ref name="ncc20220422">{{cite web |author=Amanda Griffin |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2022/04/22/nasa-and-spacex-adjust-agencys-crew-4-launch-date/ |title=NASA and SpaceX Adjust Agency's Crew-4 Launch Date |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |date=22 April 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref>
| 14 October 2022<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA, SpaceX Adjust Crew-5 Launch Date |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/crew-5/2022/08/25/nasa-spacex-adjust-crew-5-launch-date/ |access-date=30 August 2022}}</ref>
| The fourth flight contracted under [[Astronomy:Commercial Crew Program|CCP]] contract.<ref name="CRS4-6">{{cite web|url=https://www.govconwire.com/2017/01/boeing-spacex-secure-additional-crewed-missions-under-nasas-commercial-space-transport-program/|title=Boeing, SpaceX Secure Additional Crewed Missions Under NASA's Commercial Space Transport Program|date=4 January 2017|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=22 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222033223/https://www.govconwire.com/2017/01/boeing-spacex-secure-additional-crewed-missions-under-nasas-commercial-space-transport-program/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-5|Crew-5]] [[File:SpaceX Crew-5 logo no names.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Endurance|C210.2 ♺ ''Endurance'']]<br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeYu4t4XxDo|title=Media Briefing: NASA's SpaceX Crew-4 Prelaunch |website=[[Company:YouTube|YouTube]] |date=26 April 2022|access-date=26 April 2022}} [https://archive.org/details/media-briefing-nasas-space-x-crew-4-prelaunch-you-tube Alt URL]</ref>
| 5 October 2022<ref>{{cite web |last=Cawley |first=James |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/crew-5/2022/08/25/nasa-spacex-adjust-crew-5-launch-date/ |title=NASA, SpaceX Adjust Crew-5 Launch Date |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |date=25 August 2022 |access-date=25 August 2022}}</ref>
| 12 March 2023<ref>{{cite web |last=Lavelle |first=Heidi |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2023/03/11/dragon-endurance-undocks-from-the-space-station/ |date=11 March 2023 |title=Dragon Endurance Undocks from the Space Station |publisher=NASA |access-date=11 March 2023 }}</ref>
| The fifth flight contracted under [[Astronomy:Commercial Crew Program|CCP]] contract.<ref name="CRS4-6"/> The fourth astronaut is Russian cosmonaut Anna Kikina, flying on this mission as a part of Dragon–Soyuz swap flights that ensure that both countries have a presence on the station, and the ability to maintain their separate systems, if either Soyuz or commercial crew vehicles are grounded for an extended period.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-26|title=Rogozin says Crew Dragon safe for Russian cosmonauts|url=https://spacenews.com/rogozin-says-crew-dragon-safe-for-russian-cosmonauts/|access-date=2021-10-29|website=SpaceNews|language=en-US}}</ref>
| {{ubl|{{Flagicon|USA}} Nicole Aunapu Mann|{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Biography:Josh A. Cassada|Josh Cassada]]|{{Flagicon|JPN}} Koichi Wakata|{{Flagicon|RUS}} Anna Kikina<ref>{{Cite web |title=anna |url=https://twitter.com/RussianSpaceWeb/status/1527661669341614082}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Распоряжение Правительства Российской Федерации от 10.06.2022 № 1532-р ∙ Официальное опубликование правовых актов ∙ Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации |url=http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202206100047 |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=publication.pravo.gov.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Премьер-министр РФ Михаил Мишустин подписал распоряжение, позволяющее Роскосмосу провести переговоры с NASA об исполнении соглашения по "перекрёстным полётам" |url=https://web.telegram.org/z/#-1475819126}}</ref>}}
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-6|Crew-6]] [[File:SpaceX Crew-6 logo.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Endeavour|C206.4 ♺ ''Endeavour'']]<br/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cawley |first1=James |title=NASA Updates Commercial Crew Flight Manifest to Space Station |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2022/11/03/nasa-updates-commercial-crew-flight-manifest-to-space-station/ |publisher=NASA |access-date=5 November 2022 |date=3 November 2022 |quote=The Crew-6 mission will be Dragon Endeavour’s fourth flight to the space station}}</ref>
| 2 March 2023<ref name=sfn_ls>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |title=Launch Schedule |work=Spaceflight Now |date=1 April 2023 |access-date=1 April 2023}}</ref>
| 4 September 2023
| The sixth flight contracted under [[Astronomy:Commercial Crew Program|CCP]] contract.<ref name="CRS4-6"/>
| {{ubl|{{Flagicon|USA}} Stephen Bowen|{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Biography:Warren Hoburg|Warren Hoburg]]|{{flagicon|UAE}} Sultan Al Neyadi|{{flagicon|RUS}} Andrey Fedyaev}}
| {{Success|Success}}
|-
! [[Astronomy:Axiom Mission 2|Axiom-2]] ([[:File:Axiom Mission 2 Patch.png|patch]])<!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Freedom|C212.2 ♺ ''Freedom'']]
| 21 May 2023<ref name="LaunchDate">{{cite web |last=Baylor |first=Michael |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/6789 |title=Falcon 9 Block 5 - Axiom Mission 2 (AX-2) |work=Next Spaceflight |access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref>
| 31 May 2023
| Second Crew Dragon flight contracted by [[Company:Axiom Space|Axiom Space]]. Second fully private flight to the ISS, carrying Peggy Whitson as Axiom professional astronaut.<ref>{{cite web|last=Harwood|first=William|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/05/25/whitson-to-command-planned-commercial-flight-to-space-station/|title=Whitson to command planned commercial flight to space station|work=Spaceflight Now|date=25 May 2021|access-date=1 October 2021|archive-date=31 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531015053/https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/05/25/whitson-to-command-planned-commercial-flight-to-space-station/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 22 September 2022, [[Company:Axiom Space|Axiom Space]] partnered with the [[Organization:Saudi Space Commission|Saudi Space Commission]] to send two Saudi astronauts to research cancer, cloud seeding, and microgravity in space.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title=Saudi astronauts to research cancer, cloud seeding, microgravity in space |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/saudi-arabia/2023/03/23/Saudi-astronauts-to-research-cancer-cloud-seeding-microgravity-in-space |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=Al Arabiya English |language=en}}</ref> This mission included the first female Saudi astronaut to space.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Axiom Space Partners with Saudi Space Commission to Send First Female Saudi Astronaut to Space |url=https://www.axiomspace.com/news/ssc-partnership |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=Axiom Space |language=en-US}}</ref>
| {{Unbulleted list|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} Peggy Whitson}}|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} John Shoffner}}|{{Flagicon|KSA}} Ali AlQarni| {{Flagicon|KSA}} Rayyanah Barnawi}}
| {{success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-7|Crew-7]] [[File:SpaceX Crew-7 logo.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Endurance|C210.3 ♺ ''Endurance'']]
| 26 August 2023<ref name="nxsf-crew7">{{cite web |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/6879 |title=Falcon 9 Block 5 - SpaceX Crew-7 |date=25 July 2023 |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=Next Spaceflight}}</ref>
| February 2024
| In late 2021, NASA contracted SpaceX for three more Commercial Crew Flights starting from Crew-7.<ref name="blogs.nasa.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2021/12/03/nasa-to-secure-additional-commercial-crew-transportation/|title = NASA to Secure Additional Commercial Crew Transportation – Commercial Crew Program}}</ref>
| {{ubl|{{Flagicon|USA}} Jasmin Moghbeli<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/ESA_astronaut_Andreas_Mogensen_set_to_return_to_space | title=ESA astronaut Andreas Mogensen set to return to space }}</ref> |{{Flagicon|DEN}} Andreas Mogensen<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1506922535010684929|user=esaspaceflight|title=@YannickJungman3 @Astro_Andreas @Space_Station @SpaceX @esa @UFM_MIN @DTUtweet @AschbacherJosef Pilot for Crew-7, a…|date=24 March 2022}}</ref> |{{Flagicon|JAP}} Satoshi Furukawa |{{flagicon|RUS}} Konstantin Borisov<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tass.com/science/1497285 | title=Medics find Russian cosmonauts fit for flying on Crew Dragon to ISS }}</ref>}}
| {{Operational|Docked to the ISS}}
|-
! [[Astronomy:Axiom Mission 3|Axiom-3]] ([[:File:Axiom 3 mission patch.png|patch]])<!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Freedom|C212.3 ♺ ''Freedom'']]
| 18 January 2024<ref name="nxsf-ax3"/>
| NET January 2024
| Third Crew Dragon flight contracted by [[Company:Axiom Space|Axiom Space]]. This mission flew the first Turkish astronaut.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/exclusive-saudi-arabia-buys-pair-spacex-astronaut-seats-axiom-sources-2022-09-20/ | title=Exclusive: Saudi Arabia buys pair of SpaceX astronaut seats from Axiom -sources | newspaper=Reuters | date=21 September 2022 | last1=Roulette | first1=Joey }}</ref>
| {{Unbulleted list|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} /{{Flagicon|ESP}} Michael López-Alegría}}|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|ITA}} Walter Villadei}}|{{Flagicon|Turkey}} Alper Gezeravcı| {{Flagicon|Sweden}} Marcus Wandt}}
| {{Operational|Docked to the ISS}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-8|Crew-8]] [[File:SpaceX Crew-8 logo.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Endeavour|C206.5 ♺ ''Endeavour'']]
| NET February 2024<ref name="nasa-20230414">{{cite web |last=Costa |first=Jason |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2023/04/14/nasa-updates-commercial-crew-planning-manifest-through-2024/ |title=NASA Updates Commercial Crew Planning Manifest Through 2024 |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |date=14 April 2023 |access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref>
| Late 2024
| In late 2021, NASA contracted SpaceX for three more Commercial Crew Flights starting from Crew-7.<ref name="blogs.nasa.gov"/>
| {{Unbulleted list|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} Matthew Dominick}}|{{Flagicon|USA}} Michael Barratt|{{Flagicon|USA}} Jeanette Epps|{{flagicon|RUS}} Alexander Grebenkin<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/space-station-assignments-out-for-nasa-s-spacex-crew-8-mission|title=Space Station Assignments Out for NASA’s SpaceX Crew-8 Mission|date=5 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref>}}
| {{planned}}
|-
![[Engineering:Polaris Dawn|Polaris Dawn]] ([[:File:Polaris Dawn Patch.png|patch]])<!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| [[Engineering:Crew Dragon Resilience|C207.3 ♺ ''Resilience'']]<br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.americaspace.com/2022/05/08/scott-poteet-discusses-inspiration4-and-polaris-dawn-missions-part-1/|title=Scott Poteet Discusses Inspiration4 and Polaris Dawn Missions (Part 1) |date=8 May 2022|access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>
|NET April 2024<ref>{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/polaris-dawn-rescheduled-for-april/ |title=Polaris Dawn rescheduled for April |work=SpaceNews |date=11 December 2023 |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="dawn_launch">{{cite web |url=https://polarisprogram.com/dawn/ |title=Polaris Dawn |work=Polaris Program |access-date=14 September 2023}}</ref>
|NET April 2024
|First of planned three flights of [[Astronomy:Polaris program|Polaris Program]] by Jared Isaacman. First private flight to include spacewalk. Aimed to fly "farther than any other human spaceflight in 50 years".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Polaris Dawn|url=https://polarisprogram.com/dawn/|access-date=2022-02-14|website=Polaris Program|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Jared Isaacman, who led the first all-private astronaut mission to orbit, has commissioned 3 more flights from SpaceX|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/02/14/jared-isaacman-polaris-spacex-starship-inspiration4/|access-date=2022-02-14|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
|{{Unbulleted list|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} Jared Isaacman}}|{{Flagicon|USA}} Scott Poteet|{{Flagicon|USA}} Sarah Gillis|{{Flagicon|USA}} Anna Menon}}
|{{planned}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX Crew-9|Crew-9]]<!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| TBA
| NET August 2024
| Early 2025
| In late 2021, NASA contracted SpaceX for three more Commercial Crew Flights starting from Crew-7.<ref name="blogs.nasa.gov"/>
| {{Unbulleted list|{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Biography:Zena Cardman|Zena Cardman]]}}|{{Flagicon|USA}} Nick Hague|{{Flagicon|USA}} Stephanie Wilson|{{flagicon|RUS}} Aleksandr Gorbunov<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-shares-assignments-for-its-spacex-crew-9-space-station-mission|title=NASA Shares Assignments for its SpaceX Crew-9 Space Station Mission|date=1 February 2024|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref>}}
| {{planned}}
|-
! Axiom-4<!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| TBA
| NET October 2024<ref>{{cite tweet |author=NASA Space Operations |user=NASASpaceOps |number=1715475921820393740 |title=With Axiom Mission 3 scheduled to liftoff from Florida no earlier than January 2024, @NASA, @Axiom_Space, & @SpaceX teams are now targeting no earlier than October 2024 to launch Axiom Mission 4 to the @Space_Station. |date=20 October 2023}}</ref>
| NET October 2024
| Fourth Crew Dragon flight contracted by [[Company:Axiom Space|Axiom Space]].
| {{ubl|TBA|TBA|TBA|TBA}}
| {{planned}}
|-
! Second [[Astronomy:Polaris program|Polaris Program]] flight<!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| TBA
| TBD
| TBD
| Second of planned three flights of Polaris Program. Last flight of the Polaris Program using Crew Dragon before planning to use [[Engineering:SpaceX Starship|Starship]] for the next flight.<ref name=":0" />
| TBA
| {{planned}}
|-
! [[Engineering:Vast-1|Vast-1]]<ref name="vast">{{cite news|url=https://www.vastspace.com/updates/vast-announces-the-haven-1-and-vast-1-human-spaceflight-mission-launched-by-spacex-on-a-dragon-spacecraft|title=VAST Announces the Haven-1 and VAST-1 Missions.|work=Vast Space|last= |first= |date=10 May 2023|access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref><!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| TBA 
| 2025
| TBD
| Servicing of [[Astronomy:Haven-1|Haven-1]] Space Station
| {{ubl|TBA|TBA|TBA|TBA}}
| {{planned}}
|-
! Crew-10<ref name="Crew10to14">{{cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/06/nasa-just-bought-all-the-seats-needed-for-space-station-crews-into-2030/|title=NASA just bought the rest of the space station crew flights from SpaceX|work=Ars Technica|last=Berger|first=Eric|date=3 June 2022|access-date=3 June 2022}}</ref><!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| TBA
| NET Early 2025
| TBA
| In May 2022, NASA contracted SpaceX for five more Commercial Crew Flights starting from Crew-10. 
| {{ubl|{{Flagicon|USA}} TBA|{{Flagicon|USA}} TBA|{{flagicon|EUR}}/{{flagicon|CAN}} TBA|TBA}}
| {{planned}}
|-
! Crew-11<ref name="Crew10to14"/><!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| TBA
| TBA
| TBA
| In May 2022, NASA contracted SpaceX for five more Commercial Crew Flights starting from Crew-10. 
| TBA
| {{planned}}
|-
! Crew-12<ref name="Crew10to14"/><!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| TBA
| TBA
| TBA
| In May 2022, NASA contracted SpaceX for five more Commercial Crew Flights starting from Crew-10. 
| TBA
| {{planned}}
|-
! Crew-13<ref name="Crew10to14"/><!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| TBA
| TBA
| TBA
| In May 2022, NASA contracted SpaceX for five more Commercial Crew Flights starting from Crew-10. 
| TBA
| {{planned}}
|-
! Crew-14<ref name="Crew10to14"/><!--Please do not insert any non-free images as visible images-->
| TBA
| TBA
| TBA
| In May 2022, NASA contracted SpaceX for five more Commercial Crew Flights starting from Crew-10. 
| TBA
| {{planned}}
|}

=== Cargo Dragon flights ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:0.95; line-height:1.5em;"
|- class="is-sticky"
! Mission
! Patch
! Capsule<br/><ref name="GunterSpacePage2"/>
! Launch date
! Landing date
! Description
! Outcome
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-21|CRS-21]]
| [[File:SpaceX CRS-21 Patch.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Cargo Dragon C208|C208.1]]
| 6 December 2020
| 14 January 2021
| First SpaceX mission performed under the [[Astronomy:Commercial Resupply Services|CRS-2]] contract with [[Organization:NASA|NASA]] and the first flight of Cargo Dragon 2. Delivered the [[Engineering:Nanoracks Bishop Airlock|Nanoracks Bishop Airlock]] module to the ISS along with {{cvt|6400|lb|order=flip}} of cargo.
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-22|CRS-22]]
| [[File:SpaceX CRS-22 Patch.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Cargo Dragon C209|C209.1]]
| 3 June 2021
| 10 July 2021
| Second Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS; has delivered solar arrays iROSA 1 and iROSA 2
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-23|CRS-23]]
| [[File:SpaceX CRS-23 Patch.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Cargo Dragon C208|C208.2 ♺]]
| 29 August 2021, 07:14 UTC
| 1 October 2021
| Third Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-24|CRS-24]]
| [[File:SpaceX CRS-24 Patch.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Cargo Dragon C209|C209.2 ♺]]
| 21 December 2021, 10:07 UTC
| 24 January 2022
| Fourth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-25|CRS-25]]
| [[File:SpaceX_CRS-25_Patch.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Cargo Dragon C208|C208.3 ♺]] 
| 15 July 2022, 00:44 UTC
| 20 August 2022
| Fifth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-26|CRS-26]]
|[[File:SpaceX_CRS-26_Patch.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Cargo Dragon C211|C211.1]]<br/><ref name="Kanayama"/>
| 26 November 2022, 19:20:42 UTC<ref name="nasa-20221103">{{cite web |last=Herridge |first=Linda |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacex-crs-26/2022/11/03/nasa-invites-media-to-spacexs-26th-resupply-launch-to-space-station/ |title=NASA Invites Media to SpaceX's 26th Resupply Launch to Space Station |work=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] |date=3 November 2022 |access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref>
| 11 January 2023
| Sixth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS; delivered iROSA 3 and iROSA 4.<ref>{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/spacex-launches-cargo-dragon-mission-to-iss/ |title=SpaceX launches cargo Dragon mission to ISS |work=SpaceNews |date=14 July 2022 |access-date=15 July 2022 |quote=After CRS-25, the next commercial cargo mission is NG-18, a Northrop Grumman Cygnus mission tentatively scheduled for mid-October. The SpaceX CRS-26 Dragon mission will follow late in the year, delivering among other cargo a set of solar arrays to be installed on the station by spacewalking astronauts.}}</ref>
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-27|CRS-27]]
| [[File:SpaceX CRS-27 Patch.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Cargo Dragon C209|C209.3 ♺]]
| 15 March 2023, 00:30<ref name=sfn_ls />
| 15 April 2023
| Seventh Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-28|CRS-28]]
| [[File:SpaceX CRS-28 Patch.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Cargo Dragon C208|C208.4 ♺]]
| 5 June 2023, 15:47<ref name="launch_date">{{cite web |last=Baylor |first=Michael |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/5345 |title=Falcon 9 Block 5 - SpX CRS-28 |access-date=25 April 2023 |work=Next Spaceflight}}</ref>
| 30 June 2023
| Eighth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS; delivered iROSA 5 and iROSA 6<ref>{{cite news |last1=Clark |first1=Stephen |title=SpaceX launches Dragon cargo ship to deliver new solar arrays to space station – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/11/26/spacex-launches-dragon-cargo-ship-to-deliver-new-solar-arrays-to-space-station/ |access-date=23 December 2022 |work=Spaceflight Now |date=26 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Dragon 2 fleet's 1,324 days in orbit surpassed the [[Engineering:Space Shuttle|Space Shuttle]]. 38th Dragon 1/2 mission to ISS exceeded Shuttle's 37.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |date=2023-06-09 |title=SpaceX Dragon breaks 2 space shuttle orbital records |url=https://www.space.com/spacex-dragon-breaks-space-shuttle-records |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref>
| {{Success}}
|-
! [[Engineering:SpaceX CRS-29|CRS-29]]
| [[File:SpaceX CRS-29 Patch.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Cargo Dragon C211|C211.2 ♺]]
| 10 November 2023, 01:28<ref>{{Cite web |title=Falcon 9 Block 5 {{!}} CRS SpX-29 |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/NextSpaceflight.com/launches/details/5346 |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=nextspaceflight.com |language=en}}</ref>
| 22 December 2023
| Ninth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS
| {{Success}}
|-
! CRS-30
| [[File:SpaceX CRS-30 Patch.png|55px]]
| [[Engineering:Cargo Dragon C209|C209.4 ♺]]
| 4 March 2024 (planned)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=59082.0;attach=2216912;sess=61738 |title=DORA Satellite Technical Description |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=Arizona State University}}</ref>
| 
| Tenth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS
| {{Planned}}
|-
! CRS-31
| 
| TBA
| 2024 (planned)<ref name="March2022orders" />
| 
| Eleventh Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS
| {{Planned}}
|-
! CRS-32
| 
| TBA
| 2025 (planned)<ref name="March2022orders" />
| 
| Twelfth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS
| {{Planned}}
|-
! CRS-33
| 
| TBA
| 2025 (planned)<ref name="March2022orders" />
| 
| Thirteenth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS
| {{Planned}}
|-
! CRS-34
| 
| TBA
| 2026 (planned)<ref name="March2022orders" />
| 
| Fourteenth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS
| {{Planned}}
|-
! CRS-35
| 
| TBA
| 2026 (planned)<ref name="March2022orders" />
| 
| Fifteenth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS
| {{Planned}}
|}

NASA has ordered six additional flights, CRS-30 to CRS-35, to resupply the ISS through 2026.<ref name="March2022orders">{{cite news|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-orders-additional-cargo-flights-to-space-station|title=NASA Orders Additional Cargo Flights to Space Station|publisher=NASA|date=25 March 2022|access-date=25 March 2022}}</ref>

===Timeline===
Crew Dragon has flown seven operational CCP missions and six other missions. Cargo Dragon has flown nine missions.
<!-- chart times for ISS missions are the docking and undocking times. For non-ISS missions we use launch and landing times. At the scale of this chart there is little or no difference.-->
{{#tag:timeline|
Define $lastday ={{#if: {{#expr: {{#time:d}}>28}} |{{#time:d}}|28}}  <!--this is a hack. "end" day of will be 28 or larger-->
Define $endofmonth ={{#time:m}}/$lastday/{{#time:Y}}  <!--this is a hack. "end" of the current month so the axis tics work-->
Define $now ={{#time:m}}/{{#time:d}}/{{#time:Y}}
ImageSize = width:840 height:auto barincrement:40
PlotArea  = top:10 bottom:44 right:20 left:0
DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy
Period     = from:01/01/2019 till:$endofmonth
TimeAxis   = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor  = unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/2019
ScaleMinor  = unit:month increment:1 start:01/01/2019

Colors =
  id:bg        value:white
  id:docked    value:rgb(0.894,0.882,0.871) <!--light grey-->
  id:undocked  value:limegreen
  id:CCP       value:skyblue legend: Crew_Dragon_CCP <!--pale so the text shows well-->
  id:nonCCP    value:coral   legend: Crew_dragon_non-CCP   <!--pale so the text shows well-->
  id:CRS       value:orange  legend: Cargo_dragon   <!--pale so the text shows well-->

Legend = columns:3 left:150 top:25 columnwidth:200

PlotData=
  fontsize:12 align:center shift:(0,-5)

<!--For NonCCP, one bar for now. If we ever have two so close that the text overlaps, then add another bar-->
 bar:NonCCP
   from:03/03/2019 till:03/08/2019 color:nonCCP text:Demo-1
   from:05/31/2020 till:08/01/2020 color:nonCCP text:Demo-2
   from:09/16/2021 till:09/18/2021 color:nonCCP text:Inspiration4
   from:04/09/2022 till:04/25/2022 color:nonCCP text:Axiom-1
   from:05/22/2023 till:05/30/2023 color:nonCCP text:Axiom-2
   from:01/18/2024 till:$now color:nonCCP text:Axiom-3
<!--For CCP, use two bars to show the overlaps. Use only two bars to keep the height from growing for no good reason.-->
 bar:CCPA
   from:11/17/2020 till:05/02/2021 color:CCP text:Crew-1
   from:11/11/2021 till:05/05/2022 color:CCP text:Crew-3
   from:10/05/2022 till:03/11/2023 color:CCP text:Crew-5
   from:08/27/2023 till:$now color:CCP text:Crew-7
 bar:CCPB
   from:04/24/2021 till:11/08/2021 color:CCP text:Crew-2
   from:04/27/2022 till:10/14/2022 color:CCP text:Crew-4
   from:03/02/2023 till:09/03/2023 color:CCP text:Crew-6
<!--For CRS, use two bars to keep txt from overlapping. Use only two bars to keep the height from growing for no good reason.-->
 bar:CRSA
   from:12/07/2020 till:01/12/2021 color:CRS text:CRS-21
   from:08/30/2021 till:09/30/2021 color:CRS text:CRS-23
   from:07/16/2022 till:08/19/2022 color:CRS text:CRS-25
   from:03/15/2023 till:04/15/2023 color:CRS text:CRS-27
   from:11/11/2023 till:12/22/2023 color:CRS text:CRS-29
 bar:CRSB
   from:06/05/2021 till:07/08/2021 color:CRS text:CRS-22
   from:12/22/2021 till:01/23/2022 color:CRS text:CRS-24
   from:11/26/2022 till:01/11/2023 color:CRS text:CRS-26
   from:06/05/2023 till:06/30/2023 color:CRS text:CRS-28

LineData=

 layer:front
 at:11/17/2020 width:0.1 color:docked
 at:05/02/2021 width:0.1 color:undocked
 at:04/24/2021 width:0.1 color:docked
 at:11/08/2021 width:0.1 color:undocked
 at:11/11/2021 width:0.1 color:docked
 at:05/05/2022 width:0.1 color:undocked
 at:04/27/2022 width:0.1 color:docked
 at:10/14/2022 width:0.1 color:undocked
 at:10/05/2022 width:0.1 color:docked
 at:03/11/2023 width:0.1 color:undocked
 at:03/02/2023 width:0.1 color:docked
 at:09/03/2023 width:0.1 color:undocked
 at:08/27/2023 width:0.1 color:docked

}}

=== Cancelled flights ===

In June 2019, [[Company:Bigelow Aerospace|Bigelow Aerospace]] announced it had reserved with SpaceX up to four missions of four passengers each to ISS as early as 2020 and planned to sell them for around US$52 million per seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://observer.com/2019/06/international-space-station-commercial-business-tourism/|title=So, You Want to Be a Space Tourist?|date=11 June 2019|work=Observer<!-- not "The" - that's the Guardian's sister paper-->|access-date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=11 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611204116/https://observer.com/2019/06/international-space-station-commercial-business-tourism/|url-status=live}}</ref> These plans were cancelled by September 2019.

[[Company:Space Adventures|Space Adventures]] contracted SpaceX for a five-day, high [[Astronomy:Elliptic orbit|elliptic orbit]] [[Astronomy:Space tourism|space tourism]] mission with a Crew Dragon in 2022,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/space-adventures-to-fly-tourists-on-crew-dragon-mission/|title=Space Adventures to fly tourists on Crew Dragon mission|author=Jeff Foust|work=SpaceNews|date=February 18, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shelley|first=Tom|date=2020-03-05|title=Private Mission Available on the SpaceX Crew Dragon |url=https://spaceadventures.com/private-mission-available-on-the-spacex-dragon/|access-date=2021-04-23|publisher=Space Adventures}}</ref> which planned to send four crew members to an altitude over twice the height of the ISS, and higher than the current altitude record for an orbital crewed spacecraft, set by the [[Astronomy:Gemini 11|Gemini 11]] mission in 1966.<ref name="collectspace-sa">{{cite web|title=Space Adventures, SpaceX to launch private crew to Gemini heights |website=collectSPACE|url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-021820a-space-adventures-spacex-crew-dragon.html|access-date=2021-04-23}}</ref> In October 2021, Space Adventures stated that the contract had expired and would not be executed, but left open the possibility of a partnership with SpaceX in the future.<ref name="Clark">{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Anastasia |url=https://japantoday.com/category/features/travel/us-firm-sees-%27exciting%27-moment-as-space-tourism-booms1 |title=U.S. firm sees 'exciting' moment as space tourism booms |work=Japan Today |date=18 October 2021 |access-date=18 October 2021}}</ref> Many goals of the Space Adventures flight are currently being targeted by [[Engineering:Polaris Dawn|Polaris Dawn]], to be flown no earlier than early 2024.

== See also ==
* [[Engineering:Comparison of crewed space vehicles|Comparison of crewed space vehicles]]
* [[Engineering:Comparison of space station cargo vehicles|Comparison of space station cargo vehicles]]
* [[Engineering:List of crewed spacecraft|List of crewed spacecraft]]
* {{Annotated link|Private spaceflight}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="ESA20200728">{{cite web|url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Thomas_Pesquet_first_ESA_astronaut_to_ride_a_Dragon_to_space//|title=Thomas Pesquet first ESA astronaut to ride a Dragon to space|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728133726/https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Thomas_Pesquet_first_ESA_astronaut_to_ride_a_Dragon_to_space|url-status=live|publisher=ESA Science and Exploration|archive-date=28 July 2020|date=28 July 2020|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="Crew4">{{cite web|last1=Finch|first1=Joshua|title=NASA Assigns Astronauts to Agency's SpaceX Crew-4 Mission to Space Station|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-assigns-astronauts-to-agency-s-spacex-crew-4-mission-to-space-station/|website=nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|date=12 February 2020|access-date=12 February 2021|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308012326/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-assigns-astronauts-to-agency-s-spacex-crew-4-mission-to-space-station/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

<ref name="space20210223">{{cite web|url=https://www.space.com/spacex-crew-4-astronaut-assignments|title=These 2 NASA astronauts will fly on SpaceX's Crew-4 mission to the International Space Station in 2022 |first=Elizabeth|last=Howell|website=Space.com|date=23 February 2021|access-date=23 February 2021|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423225254/https://www.space.com/spacex-crew-4-astronaut-assignments|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
* [https://uphere.space/satellites/45623 Real-time orbital tracking] - [https://uphere.space uphere.space]
* [https://isstracker.pl/?satId=45623 Real-time orbital tracking] - [https://isstracker.pl isstracker.pl]

{{Dragon spaceflights}}
{{Crewed spacecraft}}
{{Cargo spacecraft}}
{{Manned ISS flights}}
{{Uncrewed ISS flights}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dragon (spacecraft)}}
[[Category:SpaceX Dragon 2]]
[[Category:SpaceX spacecraft]]
[[Category:Crewed spacecraft]]
[[Category:Supply vehicles for the International Space Station]]
[[Category:Reusable spacecraft]]

{{Sourceattribution|SpaceX Dragon 2}}