View source for Help:Wikitext

{{short description|Wikipedia help page}}
{{Wikipedia how to|H:WT|H:MARKUP|H:WIKICODE}}
The markup language called '''wikitext''', also known as '''wiki markup''' or '''wikicode''', consists of the syntax and keywords used by the [[Software:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] software to format a page. (Note the lowercase spelling of these terms.){{efn|Wikipedia is an encyclopedia that uses wikitext—wikitext is not named after Wikipedia.}} To learn how to see this hypertext markup, and to save an edit, see Help:Editing. Generally, coding can be copied and pasted, without writing new code. There is a short list of markup and tips at Help:Cheatsheet.

In addition to wikitext, some [[HTML element]]s are also allowed for presentation formatting. See Help:HTML in wikitext for information on this.

==Layout==
<!--{{VE documentation}} Over prominent and confusing -->

===Sections===
Article sections in a page will follow that page's lead or introduction and, if there are four or more, the table of contents.

====Section headings====
{{see|Help:Section|Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Section headings}}

The <code>=</code> through <code>======</code> markup are headings for the sections with which they are associated.
* A single = is styled as the article title and should not be used within an article.
* Headings are styled through [[CSS]] and add an <code>[edit]</code> link. See this section for the relevant CSS.
* Four or more headings cause a table of contents to be generated automatically.
* Do not use <em>any</em> markup after the final heading markup – this will either break the heading, or will cause the heading to not be included in an edit summary.


Templates: {{tl|fake heading}} for use in documentation.

====Horizontal rule====
{{see|WP:LINE}}

The horizontal rule represents a paragraph-level thematic break. Do not use in article content, as rules are used only after main sections, and this is automatic.

{{markup
|<nowiki>----</nowiki>
----
}}

HTML equivalent: {{tag|hr|s}} (which can be indented, whereas <nowiki>----</nowiki> always starts at the left margin.)

====Table of contents====
{{see|WP:TOC}}

When a page has at least four headings, a table of contents (TOC) will automatically appear after the lead and before the first heading. The TOC can be controlled by magic words or templates:
* <source lang="wikitext" inline>__FORCETOC__</source> forces the TOC to appear at the normal location regardless of the number of headings.
* <source lang="wikitext" inline>__TOC__</source> forces the TOC to appear at the point where the magic word is inserted instead of the normal location.
* <source lang="wikitext" inline>__NOTOC__</source> disables the TOC entirely.
* {{tl|TOC limit}} template can be used to control the depth of subsections included in the TOC. This is useful where the TOC is long and unwieldy.

===Line breaks===
<!--Help:Breaks links directly here.-->
{{see|Help:Line-break handling|Wikipedia:Line breaks usage|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility#Indentation}}

Line breaks or newlines are used to add whitespace between lines, such as separating paragraphs.
* A line break that is visible in the content is inserted by pressing {{key press|Enter}} twice.
** It's good practice to do this by itself when publishing changes. Leave additional changes to another edit because otherwise only the line break will be highlighted [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silvia_Vald%C3%A9s&diff=prev&oldid=1134979713 in the diff]. 
* Pressing {{key press|Enter}} once will place a line break in the markup, but it will not show in the rendered content, except when using list markup.

* Markup such as bold or italics will be terminated at a line break.
* Blank lines within indented wikitext should not be added due to accessibility issues.

{{markup
|<nowiki>A single newline here
has no effect on the layout.

But an empty line starts a new paragraph, 
or ends a list or an indented part.
</nowiki>
A single newline here
has no effect on the layout.

But an empty line starts a new paragraph, 
or ends a list or an indented part.
}}

HTML equivalent: {{tag|br|o}} or {{tag|br|s}} can be used to break line layout.

Templates for line breaks:
* {{tl|break}} can add multiple line breaks.
* {{tl|-}} and {{tl|clear}} adds a break with styling, to clear floating elements. Often used to prevent text from flowing next to unrelated tables or images.

Unbulleted list:
* {{tl|plainlist}} and {{tl|unbulleted list}} both create an unbulleted list.

===Indent text===
{{see|WP:INDENT|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility#Indentation}}

Indentation is most commonly used on talk pages.

{{markup
| <source lang="wikitext">Indentation as used on talk pages:
:Each colon at the start of a line
::causes the line to be indented by three more character positions.
:::(The indentation persists
so long as no carriage return or line break is used.)
:::Repeat the indentation at any line break.
::::Use an extra colon for each response.
:::::And so forth ...
::::::And so on ...
{{Outdent|::::::}}The outdent template can give a visual indicator that we're deliberately cancelling the indent (6 levels here)</source>
|Indentation as used on talk pages:
:Each colon at the start of a line
::causes the line to be indented by three more character positions.
:::(The indentation persists
so long as no carriage return or line break is used.)
:::Repeat the indentation at any line break.
::::Use an extra colon for each response.
:::::And so forth ...
::::::And so on ...
{{Outdent|::::::}}The outdent template can give a visual indicator that we're deliberately cancelling the indent (6 levels here)}}

Templates: {{tl|outdent}}, {{tl|outdent2}}

===Blockquote===

When there is a need for separating a block of text. This is useful for (as the name says) inserting blocks of quoted (and cited) text.
{{markup
| <source lang="wikitext">Normal text
<blockquote>
The '''blockquote''' tag will indent both margins when needed instead of the left margin only as the colon does.
</blockquote>
Normal text
</source>
|Normal text
<blockquote>
The '''blockquote''' tag will indent both margins when needed instead of the left margin only as the colon does.
</blockquote>
Normal text
}}
This uses an HTML tag; template {{tl|quote}} results in the same render.

===Center text===
{{markup
|<source lang="html" inline style="border:none; background:transparent;"><div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">Centered text</div></source>
|2=<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">Centered text</div>
}}

Template {{tl|center}} uses the same markup. To center a table, see Help:Table#Centering tables.
Please do not use {{tag|center}} tags, as it is obsolete.

===Align text to right===

You can align content in a separate container:

{{markup
|1=<source lang="html" inline style="border:none; background:transparent;"><div style="text-align: right; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Text on the right</div></source>
|2=Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.<div style="text-align: right; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Text on the right</div>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
}}

Or; make the text float around it:

{{markup
|1=<source lang="html" inline style="border:none; background:transparent;"><div class="floatright">Text on the right</div></source>
|2=Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.<div class="floatright">Text on the right</div>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

|3=<nowiki>{{stack|Text on the right}}</nowiki>
|4=Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.{{stack|Text on the right}}Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
}}

===Lists===
{{see|Help:List|MOS:LIST}}

Do not leave blank lines between items in a list unless there is a reason to do so, since this causes the MediaWiki software to interpret each item as beginning a new list.

====Unordered lists====
{{Shortcut|H:UL}}

{{markup
| <source lang="wikitext">* Item1
* Item2
* Item3
* Item4
** Sub-item 4 a)
*** Sub-item 4 a) 1.
**** Sub-item 4 a) 1. i)
**** Sub-item 4 a) 1. ii)
** Sub-item 4 b)
* Item5</source>
* Item1
* Item2
* Item3
* Item4
** Sub-item 4 a)
*** Sub-item 4 a) 1.
**** Sub-item 4 a) 1. i)
**** Sub-item 4 a) 1. ii)
** Sub-item 4 b)
* Item5
}}

====Ordered lists====
{{Shortcut|H:OL}}

{{markup
| <source lang="wikitext">
# Item1
# Item2
# Item3
# Item4
## Sub-item 1
### Sub-sub-item
#### Sub-sub-sub-item
## Sub-item 2
# Item5
</source>
# Item1
# Item2
# Item3
# Item4
## Sub-item 1
### Sub-sub-item
#### Sub-sub-sub-item
## Sub-item 2
# Item5
}}

===={{Anchor|DL}}Description lists====
{{anchors|Definition lists|Association lists|H:DL}}
{{Shortcut|H:DL}}

To list terms and definitions, start a new line with a semicolon (;) followed by the term. Then, type a colon (:) followed by a definition. The format can also be used for other purposes, such as make and models of vehicles, etc.

''Description lists''<!--HTML5 name--> (formerly ''definition lists''<!--HTML4 name-->, and a.k.a. ''association lists''<!--draft HTML5 name-->) consist of group names corresponding to values. Group names (terms) are in bold. Values (definitions) are indented. Each group <em>must</em> include one or more definitions. For a single or first value, the <code>:</code> can be placed on the same line after <code>;</code> – but subsequent values must be placed on separate lines.


{{markup
| <source lang="wikitext">; Term : Definition1</source>
; Term : Definition1
| <source lang="wikitext">; Term
: Definition1
: Definition2
: Definition3
: Definition4</source>
; Term
: Definition1
: Definition2
: Definition3
: Definition4
}}

HTML equivalent: {{tag|dl|o}} {{tag|dt}}, {{tag|dd}} {{tag|dl|c}}

Templates: {{tl|defn}}

===Retaining newlines and spaces===
{{shortcut|H:POEM}}

The MediaWiki software suppresses single newlines and converts lines starting with a space to preformatted text in a dashed box. HTML suppresses multiple spaces. It is often desirable to retain these elements for poems, lyrics, mottoes, oaths and the like. The Poem extension adds HTML-like {{tag|poem}} tags to maintain newlines and spaces. These tags may be used inside other tags such as {{tag|blockquote}}; the template {{tlx|poemquote}} provides a convenient shorthand. CSS styles may be applied to this tag, e.g.: <source lang="wikitext" inline><poem style="margin-left: 2em;"></source>.

{{markup
|<source lang="xml"><poem>
In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
  A stately pleasure-dome decree:
Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
  Through caverns measureless to man
Down to a sunless sea.

So twice five miles of fertile ground
  With walls and towers were girdled round:
And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills,
  Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;
And here were forests ancient as the hills,
  Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.
</poem></source>
|<poem>
In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
  A stately pleasure-dome decree:
Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
  Through caverns measureless to man
Down to a sunless sea.

So twice five miles of fertile ground
  With walls and towers were girdled round:
And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills,
  Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;
And here were forests ancient as the hills,
  Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.
</poem>
}}

Poems and their translation can be presented side by side, and the language can be indicated with <code>lang="xx"</code>. Following the last side-by-side block, {{tlx|Clear|left}} must be used to cancel <code>"float:left;"</code> and to re-establish normal flow. Note that this method does not require a table and its columns to achieve the side-by-side presentation.

'''Markup'''
<source lang="wikitext"><poem lang="fr" style="float:left;">Frère Jacques, frère Jacques,
Dormez-vous? Dormez-vous?
Sonnez les matines! Sonnez les matines!
Ding, dang, dong. Ding, dang, dong.</poem>
<poem style="margin-left:2em; float:left;">Are you sleeping? Are you sleeping?
Brother John, Brother John,
Morning bells are ringing! Morning bells are ringing!
Ding, dang, dong. Ding, dang, dong.</poem>{{Clear|left}}</source>
'''Renders as'''
<poem lang="fr" style="float:left;">Frère Jacques, frère Jacques,
Dormez-vous? Dormez-vous?
Sonnez les matines! Sonnez les matines!
Ding, dang, dong. Ding, dang, dong.</poem>
<poem style="margin-left:2em; float:left;">Are you sleeping? Are you sleeping?
Brother John, Brother John,
Morning bells are ringing! Morning bells are ringing!
Ding, dang, dong. Ding, dang, dong.</poem>{{Clear|left}}

==Format==

===Text formatting===

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
!style="width:34%;"| Description
!style="width:33%;"| What you type
!style="width:33%;"| What it looks like

<!---------- italics, bold, smallcaps ----------->
|- id="emph" style="vertical-align: top;"
|
''italics'', '''bold''', {{smallcaps|small capital letters}}
|
<source lang="wikitext">
To ''italicize text'', put two consecutive apostrophes on each side of it.

Three apostrophes each side will '''bold the text'''.

Five consecutive apostrophes on each side (two for italics plus three for bold) produces '''''bold italics'''''.

'''''Italic and bold formatting''''' works correctly only within a single line.

For text as {{smallcaps|small caps}}, use the template {{tl|smallcaps}}.
</source>
|
To ''italicize text'', put two consecutive apostrophes on each side of it.

Three apostrophes each side will '''bold the text'''.

Five consecutive apostrophes on each side (two for italics plus three for bold) produces '''''bold italics'''''.

'''''Italic and bold formatting''''' works correctly only within a single line.

To reverse this effect where it has been automatically applied, use {{tl|nobold}} and {{tl|noitalic}}.

For text as {{smallcaps|small caps}}, use the template {{tl|smallcaps}}.

<!------------- inline source code -------------->
|-
|
Small chunks of [[Source code|source code]] within a line of normal text.

Code is displayed in a monospace font.
|
<source lang="wikitext">function <code>int m2()</code> is nice.</source>
|
function <code>int m2()</code> is nice.

<!------------ syntax highlighting -------------->
|- id="syntaxhighlight" style="vertical-align:top;"
|
Syntax highlighting for source code.

Computer code has colored text and more stringent formatting. For example, to define a function: <code>int m2()</code>, with highlights, in C++.

See [https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki-extensions-SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi/blob/master/SyntaxHighlight.lexers.php here] for a full list of supported languages that can be put in <code>lang="????"</code>
|
<pre><nowiki><source lang="cpp">
#include <iostream>
int m2 (int ax, char *p_ax) {
  std::cout <<"Hello World!";
  return 0;
}</source></nowiki></pre>
|
<source lang="cpp">
#include <iostream>
int m2 (int ax, char *p_ax) {
  std::cout <<"Hello World!";
  return 0;
}</source>

<!---------------- <small> text ----------------->
|-
|
<small>Small text</small>
|
<source lang="wikitext">
Use <small>small text</small> only 
when necessary.
</source>
|
Use <small>small text</small> only when necessary.

<!---------------- <small> span ----------------->
|-
|
<small style="font-size:87%;">a <nowiki><small></nowiki> span</small>
|
<source lang="wikitext">
To match, for example, the font-size used in an image caption, the "small" tag can also be used to 
<small style="font-size:87%;">reduce a text's font-size to 87%</small>.
</source>
|
To match, for example, the font-size used in an image caption, the "small" tag can also be used to <small style="font-size:87%;">reduce a text's font-size to 87%</small>.

<!----------------- <big> text ------------------>
|-
|
<big>Big text</big>
|
<source lang="wikitext">
Better not use <big>big text</big>, unless <small>it's <big>within</big> small</small> text.
</source>
|
Better not use <big>big text</big>, unless <small>it's <big>within</big> small</small> text.

<!-------------------- nbsp --------------------->
|-
|
To prevent two words from becoming separated by a linewrap (e.g. ''Mr.&nbsp;Smith'' or ''400&nbsp;km/h'') a '''non-breaking space''', sometimes also called a "non-printing character", may be used between them. (For three or more words, the template {{tl|nowrap}} is probably more suitable.)
|
<source lang="html">Mr.&amp;nbsp;Smith or 400&amp;nbsp;km/h</source>
|
Mr.&nbsp;Smith or 400&nbsp;km/h

<!------------------- {{pad}} ------------------->
|-
|
'''Extra spacing''' within text is usually best achieved using the {{tl|pad}} template.
|
<source lang="wikitext">Mary {{pad|4.0em}} had a little lamb.</source>
|
Mary {{pad|4.0em}} had a little lamb.

<!---------- (<kbd>)
|-
|
'''Typewriter text'''<br><br>

(Also works beyond the end of a paragraph.)
|
<source lang="wikitext"><kbd>right arrow    →</kbd>

<kbd>''italics'', '''bold'''</kbd>

<kbd>wikilink

New paragraph </kbd>started here.</source>
|
<pre><kbd>right arrow    →</kbd>

<kbd>''italics'', '''bold'''</kbd>

<kbd>wikilink

New paragraph </kbd>started here.</pre>

 ----->
|}

===Special characters===
Special characters can often be displayed using [[Numeric character reference|numeric character references]] or character entity references. See [[Character encodings in HTML]] for more information. For example, <code>&amp;Agrave;</code> and <code>&amp;#xC0;</code> both render &Agrave; (A-grave). [[Percent-encoding]] can't be used, as it works only in [[URL]]s.

====Diacritical marks====
Diacritic marks, using character entity references.
{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
<pre><nowiki>&amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc; &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml; &amp;Aring; &amp;AElig;

&amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc; &amp;Euml;

&amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc; &amp;Iuml; &amp;Ntilde;

&amp;Ograve; &amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc; &amp;Otilde; &amp;Ouml; &amp;Oslash; &amp;OElig;

&amp;Ugrave; &amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc; &amp;Uuml; &amp;Yuml; &amp;szlig;

&amp;agrave; &amp;aacute; &amp;acirc; &amp;atilde; &amp;auml; &amp;aring; &amp;aelig; &amp;ccedil;

&amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc; &amp;euml;

&amp;igrave; &amp;iacute; &amp;icirc; &amp;iuml; &amp;ntilde;

&amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc; &amp;otilde; &amp;ouml; &amp;oslash; &amp;oelig;

&amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute; &amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml;</nowiki></pre>

|
À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ

Ç È É Ê Ë

Ì Í Î Ï Ñ

Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Œ

Ù Ú Û Ü Ÿ ß

à á â ã ä å æ ç

è é ê ë

ì í î ï ñ

ò ó ô õ ö ø œ

ù ú û ü ÿ
|}

====Punctuation special characters====
Using character entity references.
{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|<code>&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;sect; &amp;para;</code>
|¿ ¡ § ¶ 
|-
|<code>&amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; &amp;ndash; &amp;mdash;</code>
|† ‡ • &ndash; &mdash;
|-
|<code>&amp;lsaquo; &amp;rsaquo; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo;</code>
|‹ › « »
|-
|<code>&amp;lsquo; &amp;rsquo; &amp;ldquo; &amp;rdquo;</code>
|&lsquo; &rsquo; &ldquo; &rdquo;
|-
|<code>&amp;apos; &amp;quot;</code> 
|&apos; "
|}

====Escaping punctuation characters====
The {{tag|pre|o}}, {{tag|nowiki|o}}, and  {{tag|code|o}}  markup tags are also available, for writing <nowiki>"[", "{", "&", "}", "]"</nowiki> for example. These tags prevent these characters from being recognised as wiki markup, which is a possibility in some circumstances.

====Commercial symbols====
Using character entity references.
{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|<code>&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; </code>
|™ © ®
|-
|<code>&amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen; &amp;pound; &amp;curren;</code>
|¢ € ¥ £ ¤
|}

====Greek characters====
Using character entity references.
{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|<code>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta; </code>
|α β γ δ ε ζ
|-
|<code>&amp;Alpha; &amp;Beta; &amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Epsilon; &amp;Zeta;</code>
|Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ
|-
|<code>&amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu;</code>
|η θ ι κ λ μ ν
|-
|<code>&amp;Eta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Iota; &amp;Kappa; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Mu; &amp;Nu; </code>
|Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν
|-
|<code>&amp;xi; &amp;omicron; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf;</code>
|ξ ο π ρ σ ς
|-
|<code>&amp;Xi; &amp;Omicron; &amp;Pi; &amp;Rho; &amp;Sigma; </code>
|Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ
|-
|<code>&amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega;</code>
|τ υ φ χ ψ ω
|-
|<code>&amp;Tau; &amp;Upsilon; &amp;Phi; &amp;Chi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega; </code>
|Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω
|}

====Egyptian hieroglyphs====

WikiHiero is a software extension that renders [[Social:Egyptian hieroglyphs|Egyptian hieroglyphs]] as PNG images using {{xtag|hiero}} HTML-like tags.

Example:
{{markup
|<nowiki><hiero>P2</hiero></nowiki>
|<hiero>P2</hiero>
}}

====Chess symbols====
{{main|Chess symbols in Unicode}}

For example, &amp;#9812; displays &#9812;

====Subscripts and superscripts====
* The Manual of Style prefers the {{tag|sub|o}} and {{tag|sup|o}} formats, for example <code>x{{tag|sub|content=1}}</code>. So this should be used under most circumstances.
* The latter methods of sub/superscripting cannot be used in the most general context, as they rely on [[Unicode]] support that may not be present on all users' machines.

{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
''Subscripts''
|
<source lang="html">
x<sub>1</sub> x<sub>2</sub> x<sub>3</sub> or

x&#8320; x&#8321; x&#8322; x&#8323; x&#8324;

x&#8325; x&#8326; x&#8327; x&#8328; x&#8329;
</source>
|

x<sub>1</sub> x<sub>2</sub> x<sub>3</sub> or

x₀ x₁ x₂ x₃ x₄

x₅ x₆ x₇ x₈ x₉

|-
|
''Superscripts''
|
<source lang="html">
x<sup>1</sup> x<sup>2</sup> x<sup>3</sup> or

x&#8304; x&sup1; x&sup2; x&sup3; x&#8308;

x&#8309; x&#8310; x&#8311; x&#8312; x&#8313;
</source>
|

x<sup>1</sup> x<sup >2</sup > x<sup >3</sup > or

x⁰ x¹ x² x³ x⁴

x⁵ x⁶ x⁷ x⁸ x⁹

|-
|
''Combined''
|
<source lang="wikitext">
&epsilon;<sub>0</sub> = 8.85 &times; 10<sup>&minus;12</sup> C&sup2; / J m

1 [[Hectare|hectare]] = 1 E+4 m&sup2;
</source>
|

&epsilon;<sub>0</sub> = 8.85 &times; 10<sup>&minus;12</sup> C&sup2; / J m

1 [[Hectare|hectare]] = 1 E+4 m&sup2;

|}

====Characters in the Private Use Area, and invisible formatting characters====

Invisible and [[Private Use Areas|PUA (Private Use Areas)]] characters should be avoided where possible.  When needed, they should both be replaced with their (hexa)decimal code values (as "&#(x)...;").  This renders invisible characters visible, for manual editing, and allows AWB to process pages with PUA characters.  The latter should also be tagged with the {{tl|PUA}} template for tracking and future maintenance.

===Mathematical characters and formulae===

====Mathematical characters====

* See also Wikipedia:Mathematical symbols, WikiProject Mathematics and [[Software:TeX|TeX]].

{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|<kbd>&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic;</kbd>||&int; &sum; &prod; &radic;
|-
|<kbd>&amp;minus; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin;</kbd>||&minus; &plusmn; &infin;
|-
|<kbd>&amp;asymp; &amp;prop; &amp;equiv; &amp;ne;</kbd>||&asymp; &prop; &equiv; &ne;
|-
|<kbd>&amp;le; &amp;ge;</kbd>||&le; &ge;
|-
|<kbd>&amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part;</kbd>||&times; &middot; &divide; &part;
|-
|<kbd>&amp;prime; &amp;Prime;</kbd>||&prime; &Prime;
|-
|<kbd>&amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;alefsym;</kbd>||&nabla; &permil; &deg; &there4; &alefsym;
|-
|<kbd>&amp;oslash;</kbd>||&oslash;
|-
|<kbd>&amp;isin; &amp;notin; &amp;cap; &amp;cup;</kbd>||&isin; &notin; &cap; &cup;
|-
|<kbd>&amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe;</kbd>||&sub; &sup; &sube; &supe;
|-
|<kbd>&amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall;</kbd>||&not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall;
|-
|<kbd>&amp;rArr; &amp;lArr; &amp;dArr; &amp;uArr; &amp;hArr;</kbd>||&rArr; &lArr; &dArr; &uArr; &hArr;
|-
|<kbd>&amp;rarr; &amp;larr; &amp;darr; &amp;uarr; &amp;harr;</kbd>||&rarr; &larr; &darr; &uarr; &harr;
|}

====Mathematical formulae====

* Formulae that include mathematical letters, like {{math|x}}, and operators like <code>×</code> should not use the plain letter <code>x</code>. See math font formatting. For a comprehensive set of symbols, and comparison between {{tag|math|o}} tags and the {{tl|math}} template see section ''TeX vs HTML''.

* The {{tag|math|o}} tag typesets using LaTeX markup,{{efn|The version of LaTeX used is a subset of AMS-LaTeX markup; see Help:Displaying a formula for details.}} which may render as an image or as HTML, depending on environmental settings. The {{tag|math|o}} tag is best for the complex formula on its own line in an image format. If you use this tag to put a formula in the line with text, put it in the {{tl|nowrap}} template.

* The {{tl|math}} template uses HTML, and will size-match a serif font, and will also prevent line-wrap. All templates are sensitive to the <code>=</code> sign, so remember to replace <code>=</code> with <code>{{tl|{{=}}}}</code> in template input, or start the input with <code>1=</code>. Use wiki markup <source lang="wikitext" inline>''</source> and <source lang="wikitext" inline>'''</source> inside the {{tl|math}} template, as well as other HTML entities. The {{tl|math}} template is best for typeset formulas in line with the text.

{{markup
|<source lang="tex" inline>
<math>2x \times 4y \div 6z + 8 - \frac {y}{z^2} = 0</math>
</source>

<source lang="wikitext" inline>
{{math|2''x'' &times; 4''y'' &divide; 6''z'' + 8 &minus; {{sfrac|''y''|''z''<sup>2</sup>}} {{=}} 0}}
</source>

<source lang="tex" inline>
<math>\sin 2\pi x + \ln e</math>
</source>
<source lang="wikitext" inline>
{{math|sin 2&amp;pi;''x'' + ln ''e''}}
</source>
|<math>2x \times 4y \div 6z + 8 - \frac {y}{z^2} = 0</math>

{{math|2''x'' &times; 4''y'' &divide; 6''z'' + 8 &minus; {{sfrac|''y''|''z''<sup>2</sup>}} {{=}} 0}}

<math>\sin 2\pi x + \ln e</math>{{crlf|}}
{{math|sin 2π''x'' + ln ''e''}}
}}

====Spacing in simple math formulae====

* Using '''<code>&amp;nbsp;</code>''' to prevent line break is not needed; the {{tl|math}} template will prevent line breaks anyway; you can use {{tag|br|s}} if you need an explicit line break inside a formula.

{{markup
|<source lang="html" inline>
It follows that {{math|''x''<sup>2</sup> &ge; 0}} for real {{mvar|x}}.
</source>
|2=

It follows that {{math|''x''<sup>2</sup> &ge; 0}} for real {{mvar|x}}.
}}

====Complicated formulae====

* See Help:Displaying a formula for how to use {{tag|math|o}}.
* A formula displayed on a line by itself should be indented using {{tag|math|params=display=block}}

{{markup
|<source lang="latex" inline>
<math display=block>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
</source>
<math display=block>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
}}
Indenting by using the colon (:) character (i.e. using <source lang="wikitext" inline>:<math></math></source> instead of <source lang="wikitext" inline><math display=block></math></source>) is discouraged for accessibility reasons.

==Links and URLs==

===Wikilinks===

'''Wikilinks''' are used in wikitext markup to produce [[Internal link|internal link]]s between pages. You create wikilinks by putting double square brackets around text designating the title of the page you want to link to. Thus, <source lang="wikitext" inline>{{wipe|Texas}}</source> will be rendered as {{wipe|Texas}}. Optionally, you can use a [[Vertical bar|vertical bar]] (|) to customize the link title. For example, typing <source lang="wikitext" inline>{{wipe|Texas}}</source> will produce {{wipe|Texas}}, a link that is displayed as "<u>Lone Star State</u>" but in fact links to {{wipe|Texas}}.

====Link to another wiki article====

* Internally, the first letter of the target page is automatically capitalized and spaces are represented as underscores (typing an underscore in the link has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).
* Thus the link hereafter is to the Web address <code>en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport</code>, which is the Wikipedia article with the name "Public transport". See also Canonicalization.
* A red link is a page that doesn't exist yet; it can be created by clicking on the link.
* A link to its own page will appear only as bold text.

{{markup
| <source lang="wikitext">London has [[Engineering:Public transport|public transport]].</source>
|London has [[Engineering:Public transport|public transport]].
| <source lang="wikitext">Link to this page: "[[Help:Wikitext|Wikitext]]" will appear only as bold text.</source>
|Link to this page: "[[Help:Wikitext|Wikitext]]" will appear only as bold text.
}}

====Renamed link====

* Same target, different name.
* The target ("piped") text must be placed '''first''', then the text to be displayed '''second'''.

{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>New York also has [[Engineering:Public transport|public transportation]].</source>
|
New York also has [[Engineering:Public transport|public transportation]].
|}

====Automatically rename links====

* Simply typing the pipe character | after a link will automatically rename the link in certain circumstances. The next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. When previewing your edits, you will not see the expanded form until you press '''Save''' and '''Edit''' again. The same applies to links to sections within the same page.
* See Pipe trick for details.

{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
''Automatically hide stuff in parentheses''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>[[Biology:Kingdom|]]</source>
|
[[Biology:Kingdom|kingdom]]
|-
| ''Automatically hide the comma and following text''
| <source lang="wikitext" inline></source>
| Seattle
|-
|
''Automatically hide namespace''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline></source>
|
Village pump
|-
|
''Or both''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline></source>
|
Manual of Style
|-
|
''<b>But this doesn't work for section links</b>''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline></source>
|

|}

====Blend link====

* Endings are blended into the link. 
** ''Exception'': a trailing apostrophe (') and any characters following the apostrophe are ''not'' blended.
* Preferred style is to use this instead of a piped link, if possible.
* Blending can be suppressed by using the {{tag|nowiki|s}} tag, which may be desirable in some instances.

{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
| rowspan=2 | ''Blending active''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>San Francisco also has [[Engineering:Public transport|public transport]]ation. Examples include buses, taxicabs, and [[Engineering:Tram|tram]]s.</source>
| San Francisco also has [[Engineering:Public transport|public transport]]ation. Examples include buses, taxicabs, and [[Engineering:Tram|tram]]s.
|- 
| <source lang="wikitext" inline>A [[Micro-|micro-]]second</source>
| A [[Micro-|micro-]]second
|-
|
''Blending suppressed''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>A [[Micro-|micro-]]<nowiki />second.</source>
|
A [[Micro-|micro-]]<nowiki />second
|}

====Link to a section of a page====

* The part after the hash sign (#) must match a section heading on the page. Matches must be exact in terms of spelling, case, and punctuation. Links to non-existent sections are not broken; they are treated as links to the beginning of the page.
* Include "| link title" to create a stylish (piped) link title.
* If sections have the same title, add a number to link to any but the first. #Example section 3 goes to the third section named "Example section". You can use the pipe and retype the section title to display the text without the # symbol.

{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics is a link to a section within another page.</source>
|
Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics is a link to a section within another page.
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>#Links and URLs is a link to another section on the current page. Links and URLs is a link to the same section without showing the # symbol.</source>
|
#Links and URLs is a link to another section on the current page. Links and URLs is a link to the same section without showing the # symbol.
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>Italics is a piped link to a section within another page.</source>
|
Italics is a piped link to a section within another page.
|}

====Create a page link====

* To create a new page:
*# Create a link to it on some other (related) page.
*# Save that page.
*# Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.
* For more information, see starting an article and check out Wikipedia's naming conventions.
* Please do not create a new article without linking to it from at least one other article.

{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
''Links to pages that don't exist yet look red.''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>The article about cardboard sandwiches doesn't exist yet.</source>
|
The article about cardboard sandwiches doesn't exist yet.
|}

===Redirects===

* Redirect one article title to another by placing a directive like the one shown to the right on the ''first'' line of the article (such as at a page titled "US").
* It is possible to redirect to a section. For example, a redirect to United States#History will redirect to the History section of the {{wipe|United States}} page, if it exists.

{| class="wikitable" border=1
! Description
! What you type
|-
|
''Redirect to an article''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>#REDIRECT {{wipe|United States}} </source>
|-
|
''Redirect to a section''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>#REDIRECT United States#History</source>
|}

===Link to another namespace===

*The full page name should be included in double square brackets.

{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>See the Wikipedia:Manual of Style.</source>
|
See the Wikipedia:Manual of Style.
|}

===Link to the same article in another language (interlanguage links)===
{{notice|After the launch of Wikidata, interlanguage links are now added through it. Links in articles should exist only in special cases, for example when an article in one language has two articles in another language.}}

* To link to a corresponding page in another language, use the form: <source lang="wikitext" inline>language code:Foreign title</source>.
* It is recommended interlanguage links be placed at the very end of the article.
* Interlanguage links are '''NOT visible''' within the formatted article, but instead appear as language links on the sidebar (to the left) under the menu section "languages".

* '''NOTE:''' To create an '''''inline link''''' (a clickable link within the text) to ''any'' foreign language article, see Help:Interlanguage links#Inline interlanguage links and consider the usage notes.

{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! What you type
|-
|
''Link from English article "Plankton" to the Spanish article "Plancton".''

''"es" is the language code for "{{lang|es|español}}" (the [[Social:Spanish language|Spanish language]]).''
|
<source lang="wikitext">
es:Plancton
</source>

|-
|
''Other examples: French (<code>fr</code> for {{lang|fr|français}}), German (<code>de</code> for {{lang|de|Deutsch}}), Russian (<code>ru</code>), and simple English (<code>simple</code>).''
|
<source lang="wikitext">
fr:Plancton
de:Plankton
ru:Планктон
simple:Plankton
</source>

|}

===Interwiki link===

* Interwiki links link to any page on other wikis. Interwikimedia links link to other Wikimedia wikis.
* Note that interwikimedia links use the internal link style, with double square brackets.
* See Meta-Wiki:Interwiki map for the list of shortcuts; if the site you want to link to is not on the list, use an external link.
* See also Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects.

{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
| colspan="3"|
Linking to a page on another wiki in English.

All of these forms lead to the URL <em>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hello</em>.
|-
|
''Simple link.''

''Without prefix.''

''Named link.''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>Wiktionary:hello</source>

<source lang="wikitext" inline></source>

<source lang="wikitext" inline>Wiktionary definition of "hello" </source>
|
Wiktionary:hello

hello

Wiktionary definition of "hello"
|-
| colspan="3"|
Linking to a page on another wiki in another language.

All of these forms lead to the URL <em>https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/bonjour</em>.
|-
|
''Simple link.''

''Without prefix.''

''Named link.''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>Wiktionary:fr:bonjour</source>

<source lang="wikitext" inline></source>

<source lang="wikitext" inline>bonjour</source>
|
Wiktionary:fr:bonjour

fr:bonjour

bonjour
|}

===Categories===

* To link to a category page without putting the article into the category, use a colon prefix (":Category") in the link.

{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
''Categorize an article.''
|
[[Category:Character sets]]
|
|-
|
''Link to a category.''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>[[:Category:Character sets]]</source>
|
[[:Category:Character sets]]
|-
|
''Without prefix.''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>[[:Category:Character sets|]]</source>
|
[[:Category:Character sets|Character sets]]
|}

===External links===
<!-- linked from Wikipedia:External links -->

*Single-square brackets indicate an external link. Note the use of a ''space'' (not a pipe |) to separate the URL from the link text in a named link. Square brackets may be used as normal punctuation when not linking to anything – [like this].
*A URL must begin with a supported URI scheme: <code>https://</code> (preferably) and <code>http://</code> will be supported by all browsers; <code>irc://</code>, <code>ircs://</code>, <code>ftp://</code>, <source lang="text" inline>news://</source>, <code>mailto:</code>, and <code>gopher://</code> will require a plugin or an external application. IPv6 addresses in URLs are currently not supported.
*A URL containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are [[Percent-encoding|percent encoded]]. For example, a space must be replaced by <code>%20</code>. Encoding can be achieved by:
:*Use the link button [[File:OOjs UI icon link-ltr.svg]] on the enhanced editing toolbar to encode the link; this tool will add the bracket markup and the linked text, which may not always be desirable.
:*Or manually encode the URL by replacing these characters:

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 5em"
! ''space'' !! " !! ' !! , !! ; !! < !! > !! ? !! [ !! ]
|-
| %20 || %22 || %27 || %2c || %3b || %3c || %3e || %3f || %5b || %5d
|}
:*Or use the <source lang="wikitext" inline>{{urlencode:}}</source> magic word. See Help:Magic words in the MediaWiki documentation for more details.


{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
''Named link'' with an external link icon
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>[https://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia]</source>
|
[https://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia]
|-
|
''Unnamed link''

''(Used only within article body for footnotes)''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>[https://www.wikipedia.org]</source>
|
[https://www.wikipedia.org]
|-
|
''Bare URL''

''(Bad style)''  

use <nowiki><nowiki></nowiki></nowiki> to keep this bad style from showing
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>https://www.wikipedia.org</source>
|
https://www.wikipedia.org
|-
|
''Link without arrow''

''(Not often used)''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline><span class="plainlinks">[https://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia]</span></source>
|
<span class="plainlinks"> [https://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia]</span>
|}

===Miscellaneous===

====Media link====

* To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link. For images, see next section.
* Some uploaded sounds are listed at Commons:Sound.

{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>Sound</source>
|
Sound
|}

====Links directly into edit mode====
*These create links that directly go to the edit or view source tab. For example, to create links to the edit tab for this page, either of the following works:
{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
Using the {{tl|fullurl}} template
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>[{{fullurl:Help:Wiki markup|action=edit}} edit]</source>
|
[{{fullurl:Help:Wiki markup|action=edit}} edit]
|-
|
Using the {{tl|Edit}} template
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>{{edit}}</source>
|
{{edit}}
|}

====Links partially italicized====

*Linking to a page with a title containing words that are usually italicized, such as the [[Engineering:Hindenburg disaster|''Hindenburg'' disaster]] article.

{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>[[Engineering:Hindenburg disaster|''Hindenburg'' disaster]]</source>
|
[[Engineering:Hindenburg disaster|''Hindenburg'' disaster]]
|}

==Musical notation==
Musical notation is added by using the {{xtag|score|p}} extension HTML-like tag. For example:
:
{{markup
|<source lang="wikitext"><score>\relative c' { fis d fis a d f e d c cis d e a g f ees }</score></source>
|<score>\relative c' { fis d fis a d f e d c cis d e a g f ees }</score>
}}

==Images==
Only images that have been uploaded to Wikipedia or Wikimedia Commons can be used. To upload images, use the Commons upload wizard for photos you have taken, and the Wikipedia upload page if there may be copyright issues. You can find the uploaded image on the image list.

See the Wikipedia's image use policy for the policy used on Wikipedia.

For further help on images, including some more versatile abilities, see the picture tutorial and extended image syntax.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! What you type
! What it looks like
! Notes
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <source lang="wikitext" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">The image name, the word thumb then the caption : 
[[File:wiki.png|thumb|Wikipedia logo]]</source> 

| The image name, the word thumb then the caption : 
[[File:wiki.png|thumb|alt=Puzzle globe|Wikipedia logo]] {{clear}}

|
* The thumb tag automatically allows the image to be enlarged and positions it (floats) automatically to the right of the page.
* An enlarge icon is placed in the lower right corner.
* See note below about adding an alt tag
* This is the basic markup for most images


|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <source lang="wikitext">A picture: [[File:wiki.png]]</source>

| A picture: [[File:wiki.png]]

|
* The picture name alone places the image in the text, or on the next line if there is insufficient space.
* Embedding the image in the text is only possible for very small images.
* Embedding the image will affect the vertical formatting of text.
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| <source lang="wikitext">With alternative text: 
[[File:wiki.png|alt=Puzzle globe logo]]</source>

| With alternative text: 
[[File:wiki.png|alt=Puzzle globe logo]]

|
* {{anchor|alt tag}}Alternative text, used when the image is unavailable or when the image is loaded in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud, is '''strongly''' encouraged. See Alternative text for images for help on choosing it.

|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <source lang="wikitext">With link: 
[[File:wiki.png|link=Wikipedia]]</source>

| With link: 
[[File:wiki.png|link=Wikipedia]] {{clear}}
|
* The link directs to the Wikipedia page, [[Wikipedia]], instead of the image file page.

|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <source lang="wikitext" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Forced to the centre of the page
using the ''frame'' tag (attribute), a ''centre'' tag and a caption: 
[[File:wiki.png|frame|centre|alt=Puzzle globe|Wikipedia logo]]</source> 

| Forced to the centre of the page using the ''frame'' tag (attribute), a ''centre'' tag and a caption:
[[File:wiki.png|frame|centre|alt=Puzzle globe|Wikipedia logo]] {{clear}}

|
* The frame tag automatically floats the image right.
* The frame tag is only of use with very small images or ones using the px tag
* The attributes left, center or centre override this, and places the image to the left or the centre of the page. {{anchor|upright tag}}
* The last parameter is the caption that appears below the image.

|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <source lang="wikitext" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Forced to the left side of the page
using the ''thumb'' attribute, the ''left'' attribute  and a caption: 
[[File:wiki.png|thumb|left|alt=Puzzle globe|Wikipedia logo]]</source> 

| Forced to the left side of the page using the ''thumb'' attribute, the ''left'' attribute  and a caption:
[[File:wiki.png|thumb|left|alt=Puzzle globe|Wikipedia logo]] {{clear}}

|
* The thumb tag automatically floats the image right.
* An enlarge icon is placed in the lower right corner.
* The attributes left, center or centre override this, and places the image to the left or the centre of the page. 

|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <source lang="wikitext" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Forced to the right side of the page
''without'' a caption: 
[[File:wiki.png|right|Wikipedia encyclopedia]]</source>

| Forced to the right side of the page ''without'' a caption: 
[[File:wiki.png|right|Wikipedia encyclopedia]]
|
* Captions are only displayed when the thumb or frame attributes are present
* The picture tutorial explains more options.

|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <source lang="wikitext">A picture resized to 50 pixels... 
[[File:wiki.png|50 px|Wikipedia encyclopedia]]</source>

| A picture resized to 50 pixels width... 
[[File:wiki.png|50 px|Wikipedia encyclopedia]]

|
* {{anchor|px tag}}The picture tutorial explains more options.
* Sizing in pixels is deprecated and should be used very sparingly. 
* There is an ''upright'' attribute that should be used instead. These tags are optimised for both laptop and mobile phone screens.

|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <source lang="wikitext">Linking directly to the description page of an image: 
[[:File:wiki.png]]</source>

| Linking directly to the description page of an image: 
[[:File:wiki.png]]

|
* Clicking on an image displayed normally on a page also leads to the description page.

|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <source lang="wikitext">Linking directly to an image without displaying it: 
<nowiki>Image of jigsaw globe</source>

| Linking directly to an image without displaying it: 
Image of jigsaw globe

|
* To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link.

|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
<source lang="wikitext">Example: 
<div style="display: inline; width: 220px; float: right;">
[[File:wiki.png|50 px|Wikipedia encyclopedia]][[File:wiki.png|50 px]] </div></source>

|
Example: 
<div style="display: inline; width: 220px; float: right;">
[[File:wiki.png|50 px|Wikipedia encyclopedia]][[File:wiki.png|50 px]] </div>

|
* Using the [[Span and div|<code>span</code> or <code>div</code> elements]] to separate images from text (note that this may allow images to cover text).

|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
<source lang="wikitext">Example:

{| style="text-align: right;"
|-
|
[[File:wiki.png|50 px]]
|-
|
[[File:wiki.png|50 px]]
|-
|
[[File:wiki.png|50 px]]
|}</source>

|
Example:

{| style="text-align: right;"
|-
|
[[File:wiki.png|50 px]]
|-
|
[[File:wiki.png|50 px]]
|-
|
[[File:wiki.png|50 px]]
|}

|
*Using wiki markup to make a table in which to place a vertical column of images (this helps edit links match headers, especially in Firefox browsers).
|}

==Tables==
There are two ways to build tables:
* Using specific wiki markup: (see Help:Table).
* Using HTML elements: {{tag|table|o}}, {{tag|tr|o}}, {{tag|td|o}} or {{tag|th|o}}.

==Columns==
Use {{tl|colbegin}} and {{tl|colend}} templates to produce columns.

==References and citing sources==
{{see also|APA style|The Chicago Manual of Style{{!}}Chicago style|Harvard style|MLA style}}

Making a reference citing a printed or online source can be accomplished by using the {{xtag|ref}} wiki markup tags. Inside these tags details about the reference are added.

Details about the citation can be provided using a structure provided by various templates; the table below lists some typical citation components.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! What it's for !! What you type
|-
| {{Nowrap|To create the reference}} || {{xtag|ref|params=name="reference name"|content=''add_template_name_here''|p}}
|-
| To cite a book || {{Tlx|cite book}}
|-
| To cite a web source || {{Tlx|cite web}}
|-
| Book ISBN || {{para|isbn|0-4397-0818-4}} (ISBN of the book)
|-
| Web URL || {{para|url|ht<nowiki />tps://www.wikipedia.org}}
|-
| Title || {{para|title|title of source}}
|-
| Author || {{para|author|authors, use commas for multiple}}
|-
| First name || {{para|first|first name}}
|-
| Last name || {{para|last|last name}}
|-
| Location || {{para|location|location of publisher}}
|-
| Publisher || {{para|publisher|who published the source}}
|-
| Date || {{para|date|2007-09-21}} (date of source)
|-
| Year || {{para|year|year of source}}
|-
| Accessed date || {{para|access-date|2008-12-25}} (only if url= is included)
|-
| A complete reference tag || {{xtag|ref|o|params=name="Wiki markup"}}<source lang="wikitext" inline>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup |title=Help:Wiki markup |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</source>{{xtag|ref|c}}
|-
| Referencing this again || {{xtag|ref|s|params=name="Wiki markup"}}
|-
| Citation needed || {{tlx|Citation needed|{{tls|DATE}}}}
|}

==Templates and transcluding pages==

Examples for templates: <nowiki>{{pad|...}}, {{math|...}}, {{as of|...}}, {{edit}}</nowiki>

'''Templates''' are segments of wiki markup that are meant to be copied automatically ("transcluded") into a page.
They are specified by putting the template's name in <nowiki>{{double braces}}</nowiki>. Most templates are pages in the Template namespace, but it is possible to transclude mainspace pages (articles) by using <nowiki>{{:colon and double braces}}</nowiki>.

There are three pairs of tags that can be used in wikitext to control how transclusion affects parts of a template or article.
They determine whether or not wikitext renders, either in its own article, which we will call "'''here'''", or in another article where it is transcluded, which we will call "'''there'''".
* '''<nowiki><noinclude></nowiki>: ''' the content '''will not be rendered ''there'''''. These tags have no effect ''here''.
* '''<nowiki><includeonly></nowiki>: ''' the content  '''will render only ''there''''', and  '''will not render ''here''''' (like invisible ink made visible by means of transclusion).
* '''<nowiki><onlyinclude></nowiki>: ''' the content '''will render ''here''''' and '''will render ''there''''', but it will only render ''there'' what is between these tags.
There can be several such section "[[HTML#Elements|elements]]". Also, they can be nested. All possible renderings are achievable. For example, to render ''there'' one or more sections of the page ''here'' use '''<nowiki><onlyinclude></nowiki>''' tags. To append text ''there'', wrap the addition in '''<nowiki><includeonly></nowiki>''' tags before, within, or after the section. To omit portions of the section, nest '''<nowiki><noinclude></nowiki>''' tags within it.

If a page is transcluded without transclusion markup, it may cause an unintentional categorization. Any page transcluding it will contain the same category as the original page. Wrap the category markup with '''<nowiki><noinclude></nowiki>''' tags to prevent incorrect categorization.
{{anchor|hovertext}}
Some templates take ''parameters'', as well, which you separate with the pipe character <code>|</code>.

{| class="wikitable"
!width="500"| What you type
!width="1000"| What it looks like
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext">{{Transclusion demo}}</source>
|
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext">{{Help:Transclusion demo}}</source>
|
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext">
This template takes two parameters,
and creates underlined text with a
hover box for many modern browsers
supporting CSS:

{{Tooltip|Hover your mouse over this text
|This is the hover text}}

Go to this page to see the Tooltip
template itself: {{tl|Tooltip}}
</source>
|

This template takes two parameters,
and creates underlined text with a
hover box for many modern browsers
supporting CSS:

{{Tooltip|Hover your mouse over this text
|This is the hover text}}

Go to this page to see the Tooltip
template itself: {{tl|Tooltip}}

|}

==Talk and project pages==
These are likely to be helpful on talk and project pages.

===Signing comments===

*The  ''[[Tilde|tilde]]'' character (~) is used when signing a comment on a talk page. Your username provides a link to your user page.

{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
''You should sign your comments by appending four tildes to the comment, which adds your user name plus date/time.''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>~~~~</source>
|
Username (talk) {{CURRENTTIME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} (UTC)
|-
|
''Adding three tildes will add just your user name.''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>~~~</source>
|
Username (talk)
|-
|
''Adding five tildes gives the date/time alone.''
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>~~~~~</source>
|
 , {{CURRENTDAY}} HNAME}} {{CURR |}

===Linking to old revisions of pages, diffs, and specific history pages===

*The external link function is mainly used for these. Open an old revision or diff, and copy the [[URL]] from the address bar, pasting it where you want it.

{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Wiki_markup&diff=330350877&oldid=330349143 Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877]</source>
|
[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Wiki_markup&diff=330350877&oldid=330349143 Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877]
|}

*You can also use an internal diff link. '''Unlike the template {{tl|diff}}, this kind of link can even be used in edit summaries.'''

{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877</source>
|
Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877
|}

*If the diff intended to be shown is between an immediately previous revision, the first parameter can be dropped.

{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877</source>
|
Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877
|}  

*For an old revision, you can also use a permalink. Though here only the main text is guaranteed to be retained (images and templates will be shown as they are today, not as they were at the time).

{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>Revision 330350877</source>
|
Revision 330350877
|}

===What links here, and recent changes linked===

*The following markup can be used. For example, for the article Beetroot:
{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>Special:WhatLinksHere/Beetroot</source>
|
Special:WhatLinksHere/Beetroot
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>Special:RecentChangesLinked/Beetroot</source>
|
Special:RecentChangesLinked/Beetroot
|}

===User edits===

*Link to a user's contributions page.

{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
| ''Username (registered users).''
| <source lang="wikitext" inline>Special:Contributions/UserName</source>
| Special:Contributions/UserName
|-
| ''[[IPv4]] address (unregistered users).''
| <source lang="wikitext" inline>Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0</source>
| Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0
|-
| ''[[IPv6]] address (unregistered users).''
| <source lang="wikitext" inline>Special:Contributions/2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329</source>
| Special:Contributions/2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329
|}

===Coloring and highlighting text===

*Using the {{tl|Color}} and {{tl|Font color}} templates:
{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|

<source lang="wikitext" inline>I will change the color in {{color|blue|the middle part of}} this sentence.</source>

|

I will change the color in {{color|blue|the middle part of}} this sentence.

|-
|

<source lang="wikitext" inline>This is how to {{Font color||yellow|highlight part of a sentence}}.</source>

|

This is how to {{Font color||yellow|highlight part of a sentence}}.
|}



===Example text===
The {{tlx|xt}} family of templates can be used to highlight e'''x'''ample tex'''t'''.  These templates do not work in mainspace—that is, in regular articles—they are intended for use on project pages (such as Wikipedia:Manual of Style), help pages, and user pages.
{| class=wikitable
!What you type
!What you get
|-
|<source lang="wikitext" inline>This is {{xt|a correct example}} for comparison {{tick}}</source>
|This is {{xt|a correct example}} for comparison {{tick}}
|-
|<source lang="wikitext" inline>This is {{!xt|an incorrect example}} for contrast {{cross}}</source>
|This is {{!xt|an incorrect example}} for contrast {{cross}}
|-
|<source lang="wikitext" inline>This is {{mxt|in monospace}} for comparison</source>
|This is {{mxt|in monospace}} for comparison
|-
|<source lang="wikitext" inline>This is {{!mxt|in monospace}} for contrast</source>
|This is {{!mxt|in monospace}} for contrast
|-
|<source lang="wikitext" inline>This is {{bxt|in bold}} for comparison</source>
|This is {{bxt|in bold}} for comparison
|-
|<source lang="wikitext" inline>This is {{!bxt|in bold}} for contrast</source>
|This is {{!bxt|in bold}} for contrast
|}

===Show deleted or inserted text===
{{details|Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#Editing own comments}}
* When editing regular Wikipedia articles, just make your changes, and do not mark them up in any special way, except when the article itself discusses deleted or inserted content, such as an amendment to a statute:
** to indicate deleted content, use {{tag|del}}
** to indicate inserted content, use {{tag|ins}}
* This also applies to changing one's own talk page comments.

{| class="wikitable"
! What you type
! What it looks like
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext" inline>You can <del>indicate deleted material</del> and <ins>inserted material</ins>.</source>
|
You can <del>indicate deleted material</del> and <ins>inserted material</ins>.
|}

===<span class="anchor" id="Strikethrough"></span> Strikethrough ===
The {{tl|Strikethrough}} template marks up a span of text with the {{tag|s}} tag. This is usually renderend visually by drawing a horizontal line through it. Outside of articles, it can be used to mark something as no longer accurate or relevant without removing it from view. Do not use it, however, to indicate document edits. For that, use the {{tag|del}} tag instead. See {{slink||Show deleted or inserted text}} for details.
{| class=wikitable
!What you type
!What you get
|-
|<kbd><nowiki>This is {{</nowiki>'''Strikethrough'''<nowiki>|an obsolete stretch of text}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd>
|This is {{Strikethrough|an obsolete stretch of text}} for comparison
|}

=={{anchor|Limiting formatting}} Limiting formatting / escaping wiki markup==

A few different kinds of formatting will tell the wiki to display things as you typed them – what you see is what you get!

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0em;"
|-
!What you type
!What it looks like
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext">
'''&lt;nowiki&gt; tag:'''

<nowiki>
The <nowiki> tag ignores [[Wiki|wiki]]
''markup''. It reformats text by
removing newlines and    multiple
spaces.       It still interprets
characters specified by
&amp;name;: &rarr;
</nowiki>
</source>
|
'''&lt;nowiki&gt; tag:'''

<nowiki>
The <nowiki> tag ignores [[Wiki|wiki]]
''markup''. It reformats text by
removing newlines and    multiple
spaces.       It still interprets
characters specified by
&amp;name;: &rarr;
</nowiki>
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext">
'''&lt;pre&gt; tag:'''

<pre>The &lt;pre&gt; tag ignores [[Wiki|wiki]]
''markup'' as does the &lt;nowiki&gt;
tag. Additionally, &lt;pre&gt; displays
in a mono-spaced font, and does
not  reformat    text    spaces.
It still interprets special
characters: &rarr;</pre>
</source>
|
'''&lt;pre&gt; tag:'''

<pre>The &lt;pre&gt; tag ignores [[Wiki|wiki]]
''markup'' as does the &lt;nowiki&gt;
tag. Additionally, &lt;pre&gt; displays
in a mono-spaced font, and does
not  reformat    text    spaces.
It still interprets special
characters: &rarr;</pre>
|-
|
<pre>'''[Text without a URL]:'''

Single square brackets holding
[text without a HTTP URL] are
preserved, but single square
brackets containing a URL are
treated as being an external
[https://example.com/ Web link].</pre>
|
'''[Text without a URL]:'''

Single square brackets holding
[text without a HTTP URL] are
preserved, but single square
brackets containing a URL are
treated as being an external
[https://example.com/ Web link].
|-
|
<source lang="wikitext">'''Leading space:'''

Leading spaces are another way
to preserve formatting.
 Putting a space at the
 beginning of each line
 stops the text   from
 being reformatted.
 It still interprets [[Wiki|wiki]]
 ''markup'' and special characters: &amp;</source>
|
'''Leading space:'''

Leading spaces are another way
to preserve formatting.
 Putting a space at the
 beginning of each line
 stops the text   from
 being reformatted.
 It still interprets [[Wiki|wiki]]
 ''markup'' and special characters: &rarr;
|}

===Nowiki===
{{anchor|NOWIKI}}
{{shortcut|H:NOWIKI|WP:NOWIKI}}

:{{tag|nowiki}} (wiki markup contained between these two tags is displayed as normal text)
:{{tag|nowiki|s}} (wiki markup that is interrupted by this tag is displayed as normal text, as detailed in examples below)

These two kinds of nowiki operate in different ways, but both neutralize the rendering of wiki markup as shown in the examples below. For example, the characters that have wiki markup meaning at the beginning of a line ({{code|*}}, {{code|#}}, {{code|;}} and {{code|:}}) can be rendered in normal text. Editors can normalize the font of characters trailing a wikilink, which would otherwise appear in the wikilink font. And newlines added to wikitext for readability can be ignored. 

Note to template editors: tag {{tag|nowiki|o}} works only on its source page, not the target.

{{markup
| <source lang="wikitext"># Ordered list</source>
# Ordered list
| <source lang="wikitext"><nowiki /># Ordered list</source>
<nowiki /># Ordered list
| <source lang="wikitext">A [[Micro-|micro-]]second.</source>
|A [[Micro-|micro-]]second.
| <source lang="wikitext">A [[Micro-|micro-]]<nowiki />second.</source>
|A [[Micro-|micro-]]<nowiki />second.
|<source lang="wikitext">a<nowiki>

</nowiki>b</source >
|a<nowiki>

</nowiki>b
| <source lang="wikitext">'<nowiki />'Italics' markup'<nowiki />'</source>
|'<nowiki />'Italics' markup'<nowiki />'
| <source lang="wikitext"><nowiki>Example</nowiki></source>
| <nowiki>Example</nowiki>
| <source lang="wikitext"><nowiki><!-- revealed --></nowiki></source> 
| <nowiki><!-- revealed --></nowiki>
}}

The rest of the section consists of simple, live examples showing how a single nowiki tag escapes entire linkage structures, beyond {{code|2=wikitext|wikilink}} and {{tlc|template}}:

:fullpagename'' <nowiki />| ''label'' ]]
:{{ ''pagename'' <nowiki />| ''parameter'' }}
:[[ ''fullpagename'' | {{ ''pagename'' }<nowiki />} ]<nowiki />]
:{{ ''pagename'' <nowiki />| {{ ''pagename'' }<nowiki />} }}

Unless you use the two "balanced" nowiki tags, troubleshooting strip marker errors and template parameter-handling inconsistencies is a risk. Also, a rendering error may arise when two <kbd>[<nowiki />[...]]</kbd> square brackets are on the same line, or two <kbd>{<nowiki />{...}}</kbd> curly brackets are in the same section, but only when the two have the nowiki markup placed inconsistently.

====Displaying wikilinks====

(These are all live examples.)
{{markup|
<source lang="wikitext">
page name
[<nowiki />[ wp:pagename | page name ]]
page name
page name
[[ wp:pagename | page name ]<nowiki />]</source>
|
<poem>
:page name
:[<nowiki />[ wp:pagename | page name ]]
:page name
:page name
:[[ wp:pagename | page name ]<nowiki />] 
</poem>
}}
For '''nested structures''', escaping an inner structure escapes its outer structure too.
{{markup|
<source lang="wikitext">
pagename }}
pagename }}
pagename }}
pagename }}</source>
|
<poem>
:pagename }}
:pagename }}
:pagename }}
:pagename }}
</poem>
}}
For '''two, first pipes''', two nowiki tags are required: 
{{markup|
<source lang="wikitext">
{{ 1x | label }}
{{ 1x <nowiki />| label }}
&lt;nowiki>{{ 1x | label }} &lt;/nowiki></source>
|
<poem>
:{{ 1x | label }}
:{{ 1x <nowiki />| label }}
:<nowiki>{{ 1x | label }} </nowiki>
</poem>
}}
====Displaying template calls====

For templates, put nowiki before the first pipe.
If a parameter has a wikilink, put it in that, an inmost position.
{{markup|
<source lang="wikitext">
{<nowiki />{ val | u=&amp;gt; ms | 49082 }}
{{<nowiki /> val | u=&amp;gt; ms | 49082 }}
{{ val <nowiki />| u=&amp;gt; ms | 49082 }}
{{ val | u= &gt; ms | 49082 }<nowiki />}
{{ val | u= &gt; [[ ms ]<nowiki />] | 49082 }} </source>
|
<poem>
:{<nowiki />{ val | u=&gt; ms | 49082 }}
:{{ val | u= &gt; ms | 49082 }<nowiki />}
:{{<nowiki /> val | u=&gt; ms | 49082 }}
:{{ val <nowiki />| u=&gt; ms | 49082 }}
:{{ val | u= &gt; [[ ms ]<nowiki />] | 49082 }} {{OK}}
</poem>
}}
====Displaying magic words====

For input '''parameters''', {{{1}}}, {{{2}}}, just write them out, unless they have a default (which goes behind their pipe): 
{{&lt;nowiki />{1|default}}} &rarr; {{<nowiki />{1|default}}}

For a '''parser function''' nowiki goes between bracketing-pair characters, or anywhere before the : colon.
{{markup|
<source lang="wikitext">
{<nowiki />{ #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }}
{{<nowiki /> #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }}
{{ #ifeq<nowiki />: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }}
{{ #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }<nowiki />}</source>
|
<poem>
:{<nowiki />{ #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }}
:{{<nowiki /> #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }}
:{{ #ifeq<nowiki />: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }} 
:{{ #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }<nowiki />}
</poem>
}}
'''Behavioral switches''' expect the tag anywhere:
{{markup|
<source lang="wikitext">
 1. __HIDDENCAT__
 2. __HIDDENCAT<nowiki />__</source>
|
:1. __HIDDENCAT__{{break}}
:2. __HIDDENCAT<nowiki />__
}}
====Displaying tags====

Tags do not display; they are just markup. If you want them to, insert {{tag|nowiki|s}} after an {{code|<}} opening angle bracket; it goes only in the very front. Opening tags and closing tags must be treated separately.
{{markup|
<source lang="wikitext">
<span style=color:blue> Blue </span>
<<nowiki />span style=color:blue> Blue <<nowiki />/span>
<section end=la<nowiki />bel /> 
<<nowiki />section end=label /></source>
|
<poem>
:<span style=color:blue> Blue </span>
:<<nowiki />span style=color:blue> Blue <<nowiki />/span>
:<section end=la<nowiki />bel /> {{cross}}
:<<nowiki />section end=label /> {{tick}}
</poem>
}}
Use template {{tl|tag}} instead of nowiki tags to display parser tags:

'''Character entities''', nowiki cannot escape.  
To escape HTML or special character entities, replace <code>&</code> with <code>&amp;amp;</code>.
For example, <code>&amp;amp;lt;</code> &rarr; <code>&amp;lt;</code>

To '''display a nowiki tag''', you can (1) use {{tl|tag}}, (2) replace the < left angle bracket with its HTML character entity, or (3) nest nowiki tags in each other:
{{markup|
<source lang="wikitext">
{{ tag | nowiki }}
<code>&amp;lt; nowiki>...&amp;lt;/ nowiki ></code>
<code><<nowiki />nowiki>...<<nowiki />/ nowiki ></code></source>
|
<poem>
:{{ tag | nowiki }}
:<code>&lt; nowiki>...&lt;/ nowiki ></code>
:<code><<nowiki /> nowiki>...<<nowiki />/ nowiki ></code>
</poem>
|
<source lang="wikitext">
{{ tag | nowiki | s }}
<code>&amp;lt; nowiki /></code>
<code>&lt;&lt;nowiki /> nowiki /></code>
<code>&lt;nowiki>&lt; nowiki />&lt;/nowiki></code></source>
|
<poem>
:{{ tag | nowiki | s }}
:<code>&lt; nowiki /></code>
:<code><<nowiki /> nowiki /></code>
:<source lang="wikitext" inline>< nowiki /></source>
</poem>
}}
Nowiki tags do not otherwise nest, so it is the second and fourth that displays:
{{markup|
<source lang="wikitext">
1&lt;nowiki>2&lt;nowiki>3</nowiki>4</nowiki>
&lt;nowiki>{{!}}&lt;nowiki></nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki>
</source>
|
<poem>
:1<nowiki>2<nowiki>3</nowiki>4</nowiki> {{spaces|5}} ''{{small|second and fourth}}'' 
:<nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki></nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki>
</poem>
}}
These simply scan from left to right.
The paired tags cannot overlap, because the very first pair-match nullifies any intervening tags inside. Unbalanced tags always display.

Nowiki tags do not display table markup, use {{tag|pre}}.

===Pre===
{{shortcut|WP:PRE}}

{{tag|pre|o}} is a parser tag that emulates the HTML {{tag|pre|o}} tag. It defines preformatted text that is displayed in a fixed-width font and is enclosed in a dashed box. HTML-like and wiki markup tags are escaped, spaces and line breaks are preserved, but HTML elements are parsed.

{{markup|title={{tag|pre|o}} examples
|<source lang="wikitext"><pre><!--Comment-->

[[Wiki|wiki]] markup &amp;</pre></source>
|<source lang="text"><!--Comment-->

[[Wiki|wiki]] markup &amp;</source>
}}

As {{tag|pre|o}} is a parser tag, it escapes wikitext and HTML tags. This can be prevented with the use of <nowiki><includeonly></includeonly></nowiki> within the {{tag|pre|o}}, making it act more like its HTML equivalent:

{{markup|title={{tag|pre|o}} with <nowiki><includeonly></includeonly></nowiki> example
|<source lang="wikitext"><pre<includeonly></includeonly>><!--Comment-->

[[Wiki|wiki]] markup &amp;</pre></source>
|<pre<includeonly></includeonly>><!--Comment-->

[[Wiki|wiki]] markup &amp;</pre>
}}

Invisible HTML {{tag|pre|o}} tags can also be inserted by preceding text with a space character, like:

 <!--Comment-->
 [[Wiki|wiki]] markup &amp;

Alternatively, consider using {{tl|pre}} template or {{xtag|syntaxhighlight|p|params=lang="text"}}.

==Invisible text (comments)==

It's uncommon{{spaced ndash}}but on occasion acceptable for notes to other editors{{spaced ndash}}to add a hidden comment within the text of an article. These comments are visible only when editing or viewing the source of a page. Most comments should go on the appropriate Talk page. <!-- This is an example of text that is not visible except in "edit" mode. --> The format is to surround the hidden text with "<code>&lt;!--</code>" and "<code>--&gt;</code>" and may cover several lines, e.g.:
 <nowiki><!-- An example of hidden comments
 This won't be visible except in "edit" mode. --></nowiki>

Another way to include a comment in the wiki markup uses the {{tl|Void}} template, which can be abbreviated as {{tl|^}}. This template "expands" to the empty string, generating no HTML output; it is visible only to people editing the wiki source. Thus {{nowrap|1=<code>{{tlp|^|A lengthy comment here}}</code>}} operates similarly to the comment {{nowrap|1=<code>&lt;!-- A lengthy comment here --&gt;</code>}}. The main difference is that the template version can be nested, while attempting to nest HTML comments produces odd results.

==Variables==

{{seealso| Help:Magic words#Variables}}

{| style="text-align:center" class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Effect
! Notes
|-
|
|-
|
Monday = 1, Tuesday = 2, etc., but Sunday = 0

|-
|
|-
| <nowiki> </nowiki>
|
|-
| <nowiki> </nowiki>
|
|-
|
|-
|
|-
|
|-
|
|-
| <nowiki>{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}</nowiki>
|
|-
| <nowiki>{{NUMBEROFPAGES}}</nowiki>
|
|-
| <nowiki>{{NUMBEROFUSERS}}</nowiki>
|
|-
| <nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki> || {{PAGENAME}}
|
|-
| <nowiki>{{NAMESPACE}}</nowiki> || {{NAMESPACE}}
|
|-
| <nowiki>{{REVISIONID}}</nowiki> || {{REVISIONID}}
|
|-
| <nowiki>{{REVISIONUSER}}</nowiki> || {{REVISIONUSER}}
|
|-
| <nowiki>{{localurl:pagename}}</nowiki>
|
|-
| <nowiki>{{localurl:</nowiki>''Wikipedia:Sandbox''<nowiki>|action=edit}}</nowiki>
|
|-
| <nowiki>{{fullurl:pagename}}</nowiki>
|
|-
| <nowiki>{{fullurl:pagename|</nowiki>''query_string''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>
|
|-
| <nowiki>{{SERVER}}</nowiki> || {{SERVER}}
|
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:1}}</nowiki> || {{ns:1}}
|
<nowiki>{{ns:</nowiki>''index''<nowiki>}} e.g. {{ns:1}}</nowiki>  &rarr;  full name of namespace

|-
| <nowiki>{{SITENAME}}</nowiki> || {{SITENAME}}
|
|}

'''{{tlf|NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' is the number of pages in the main namespace that contain a link and are not a redirect. This includes full articles, stubs containing a link, and disambiguation pages.

'''{{tlf|CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}''' is the genitive (possessive) grammatical form of the month name, as used in some languages but not in English; '''{{tlf|CURRENTMONTHNAME}}''' is the nominative (subject) form, as usually seen in English.

In languages where it makes a difference, you can use constructs like <source lang="wikitext" inline>{{grammar:case|word}}</source> to convert a word from the nominative case to some other case. For example, <source lang="wikitext" inline>{{grammar:genitive|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}}}</source> means the same as <source lang="wikitext" inline>{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}</source>. <!-- Is there a reference for this, other than the source code (for example, phase3/languages/Lnaguage*.php) ? -->

==HTML==

Many [[HTML]] tags can be used in wiki markup. You can check your HTML by using markup validation.

==Common templates==

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==See also==
See the 'Coding wiki markup' section of the Help navigation navbox below for additional links.
*Wikipedia:User page design guide/Style
*Wikipedia:Extended image syntax: advanced visual file markup.
*Help:A quick guide to templates: an introduction to templates.
*Help:Substitution: substitution is an alternative way of including templates than transclusion.
*Help:Score: how to render musical scores.
*Help:Displaying a formula: displaying mathematical formulae.
*Parsoid: MediaWiki application that allows for converting back and forth between wikitext and HTML.
*{{tl|Syntaxhighlight}}: template to show wrapped syntax-highlighted text.



{{Sourceattribution|Help:Wikitext}}