View source for Integrated Authority File

{{Short description|German database of authority data}}
{{Anchor|GND}}<!-- parked anchor for incoming redirects -->
{{Infobox identifier
| name          = {{lang|de|Gemeinsame Normdatei}}
| image         = Gemeinsame Normdatei 2012 Opera.png
| image_size    = 
| image_caption = GND: Screenshot of the<br/>German National Library.
| image_alt     = 
| acronym       = GND
| number        = 
| start_date    = {{Start date|2012|04|05|df=yes}}
| organisation  = DNB
| digits        = 
| check_digit   = 
| example       = [http://d-nb.info/gnd/7749153-1 7749153-1]
| website       = {{URL|https://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/gnd}}
}}

The '''{{lang|de|Gemeinsame Normdatei}}''' (translated as ''Integrated Authority File'', also known as the ''Universal Authority File'') or '''GND''' is an international authority file for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from [[Library catalog|catalogues]]. It is used mainly for [[Documentation|documentation]] in libraries and increasingly also by archives and [[Social:Museum|museum]]s. The GND is managed by the German National Library ({{lang-de|Deutsche Nationalbibliothek|links=no}}; DNB) in cooperation with various regional library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners. The GND falls under the Creative Commons Zero (CC0) licence.<ref>{{Official URL}} Integrated Authority File (GND)</ref>

The GND specification provides a hierarchy of high-level entities and sub-classes, useful in [[Library classification|library classification]], and an approach to unambiguous identification of single elements. It also comprises an [[Ontology (computer science)|ontology]] intended for knowledge representation in the semantic web, available in the [[Resource Description Framework|RDF]] format.<ref>[http://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/gnd GND Ontology – Namespace Document] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103070757/http://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/gnd |date=2013-01-03}}, version 2012-06-30.</ref>

The GND became operational in April 2012 and integrates the content of the following authority files, which have since been discontinued:
* {{lang|de|[[Personennamendatei]]}} (PND) (Translation: Name Authority File)
* {{lang|de|[[Gemeinsame Körperschaftsdatei]]}} (GKD) (Translation: Corporate Bodies Authority File)
* {{lang|de|[[Schlagwortnormdatei]]}} (SWD) (Translation: Subject Headings Authority File)
* {{lang|de|Einheitssachtitel-Datei des Deutschen Musikarchivs}} (DMA-EST) (Translation: Uniform Title File of the German Music Archive)

It is referred to by identifiers named ''GND-ID''.

At the time of its introduction on 5 April 2012, the GND held 9,493,860 files, including 2,650,000 personalised names.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}

==Types of GND high-level entities==

There are six main types of GND entities:<ref>[https://wiki.dnb.de/download/attachments/90411323/entitaetenCodes.pdf „Entitätencodierung – Vergaberichtlinien“] (pdf)</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|- 
! Typ !! German (official) !! English (translation)
|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
| '''p''' || Person || person
|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
| '''k''' || {{lang|de|Körperschaft}} || corporate body
|- 
| '''v''' || {{lang|de|Veranstaltung}} || event
|-
| '''w''' || {{lang|de|Werk}} || work
|- 
| '''s''' || {{lang|de|Sachbegriff}} || topical term
|- 
| '''g''' || {{lang|de|Geografikum}} || geographical place name
|}

==See also==
<!-- * Library of Congress Name Authority File --> 
* [[LIBRIS]]
* [[Virtual International Authority File]] (VIAF)
<!-- * Web NDL Authorities -->

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikidata property|P227}}
* [http://www.dnb.de/EN/gnd Information pages about the GND] from the German National Library
* [http://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=4/TTL=1/LNG=EN/START_WELCOME?retrace=0 Search via OGND] ({{lang|de|Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden-Württemberg}})
* [http://www.dnb.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/DNB/service/rundschreibenBereitstellungGNDGrundbestand.pdf?__blob=publicationFile Bereitstellung des ersten GND-Grundbestandes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020014445/http://www.dnb.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/DNB/service/rundschreibenBereitstellungGNDGrundbestand.pdf?__blob=publicationFile |date=2012-10-20  }} DNB, 19 April 2012
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184551/http://connect.ala.org/files/ALA_MFIG_Heuvelmann.pdf From Authority Control to Linked Authority Data] Presentation given by Reinhold Heuvelmann (German National Library) to the ALA MARC Formats Interest Group, June 2012


[[Category:Library cataloging and classification]]
[[Category:Unique identifiers]]

{{Sourceattribution|Integrated Authority File}}