View source for Medicine:Bovine Meat and Milk Factors

'''Bovine Meat and Milk Factors''' ('''BMMFs''') are DNA molecules found in beef and cow's milk which have been linked to the development of cancer—particularly [[Medicine:Colorectal cancer|colorectal]] and [[Medicine:Breast cancer|breast cancer]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Episomal-Persistent DNA in Cancer- and Chronic Diseases|url=https://www.dkfz.de/en/episomal-persistierende-DNA/groups/Research.html|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum}}</ref>

== Research ==
The potential connection between BMMFs and cancer has been made based on assessments of epidemiological data<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hausen|first1=Harald zur|last2=Villiers|first2=Ethel-Michele de|date=2015|title=Dairy cattle serum and milk factors contributing to the risk of colon and breast cancers |journal=International Journal of Cancer|language=en|volume=137|issue=4|pages=959–67 |doi=10.1002/ijc.29466|pmid=25648405|s2cid=34785153|issn=1097-0215|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Hausen|first1=Harald zur|last2=Bund|first2=Timo|last3=Villiers|first3=Ethel-Michele de|date=2019|title=Specific nutritional infections early in life as risk factors for human colon and breast cancers several decades later|journal=International Journal of Cancer|language=en|volume=144|issue=7|pages=1574–1583|doi=10.1002/ijc.31882|pmid=30246328|s2cid=52348195|issn=1097-0215|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Däuble|first=Wolfgang|title=Nobelpreisträger zur Hausen: Warum haben Inder so selten Darmkrebs?|language=de|trans-title=Nobel laureate zur Hausen: Why do Indians so rarely have colon cancer?|work=FAZ.NET|url=https://www.faz.net/1.2904246|access-date=2021-03-03|issn=0174-4909}}</ref> and the investigation of antibodies in [[Biology:Human serum albumin|human serum]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Eilebrecht|first1=Sebastian|last2=Hotz-Wagenblatt|first2=Agnes|last3=Sarachaga|first3=Victor|last4=Burk|first4=Amelie|last5=Falida |first5=Konstantina|last6=Chakraborty|first6=Deblina|last7=Nikitina|first7=Ekaterina|last8=Tessmer|first8=Claudia|last9=Whitley|first9=Corinna|last10=Sauerland|first10=Charlotte|last11=Gunst|first11=Karin|date=2018-02-12|title=Expression and replication of virus-like circular DNA in human cells|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=8|issue=1|pages=2851|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-21317-w|pmid=29434270|pmc=5809378|bibcode=2018NatSR...8.2851E|issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Erhöhtes Krebsrisiko durch Kuhmilch und Rindfleisch?|trans-title=Increased cancer risk from cow's milk and beef?|url=https://www.aerztezeitung.de/Medizin/Erhoehtes-Krebsrisiko-durch-Kuhmilch-und-Rindfleisch-224843.html|access-date=2021-03-03|website=AerzteZeitung.de|date=23 October 2018 |language=de}}</ref> Research has also suggested a potential link between BMMFs and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis.<ref name=":1" />

At the end of 2017, evidence was presented that BMMFs in human cells show long-term survival, through the identification of BMMFs' RNA and protein products.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Episomal-Persistierende DNA in Krebs- und chronischen Erkrankungen|url=https://www.dkfz.de/de/episomal-persistierende-DNA/index.php|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum}}</ref> In February 2019, evidence was presented of a previously unknown infectious agent in the blood serum and milk of Eurasian cattle that could indirectly trigger the development of colorectal cancer.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite thesis|last=Falida|first=Konstantina|title=Identification of single-stranded DNAs from beef products, their replication in human cells and their relationship with breast cancer|date=2019-12-11|publisher=Heidelberg University|url=https://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/27574/|degree=DSc}}

[[Category:Cancer research]]
[[Category:Oncology]]



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