View source for Medicine:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema

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| name            = Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
| synonyms        = CPFE
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| field           = pulmonology
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'''Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema''' ('''CPFE'''), describes a medical [[Medicine:Syndrome|syndrome]] involving both [[Medicine:Pulmonary fibrosis|pulmonary fibrosis]] and emphysema.<ref name="Cottin1">{{cite journal | last=Cottin | first=V | author2=Cordier JF | title=Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: an experimental and clinically relevant phenotype | journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine | volume=172 | issue=12 | pages=1605; author reply 1605–6 | date=June 2005 | url=http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/full/172/12/1605a | pmid=16339012 | doi=10.1164/ajrccm.172.12.1605a | access-date=2009-02-23 | archive-date=2011-09-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927232444/http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/full/172/12/1605a | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Cottin2">{{cite journal | last=Cottin | first=V |author2=Nunes H |author3=Brillet PY | title=Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a distinct underrecognised entity | journal=European Respiratory Journal | volume=26 | issue=4 | pages=586–593 |date=February 2006 | pmid=16204587 | doi=10.1183/09031936.05.00021005 |display-authors=0| doi-access=free }}</ref> The combination is most commonly found in male smokers. Pulmonary function tests typically show preserved lung volume with very low transfer factor.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Papiris | first1=SA | last2=Triantafillidou | first2=C | last3=Manali | first3=ED | title=Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema | journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine | volume=7 | issue=1 | pages=19–31 |date=February 2013 | pmid=23362797 | doi=10.1586/ers.12.80 | s2cid=37007269 }}</ref>
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==Presentation==
CFPE is characterised by shortness of breath, and [[Medicine:Hypoxemia|reduced oxygen concentration]] (reflecting [[Physics:Gas exchange|gas exchange]] abnormalities). [[Medicine:Medical imaging|Imaging]] shows upper-lobe emphysema, and lower-lobe interstitial fibrosis.<ref name="Wand">{{Cite journal|last1=Wand|first1=O|last2=Kramer|first2=MR|date=January 2018|journal=Harefuah|volume=157|issue=1|pages=28–33|pmid=29374870|title=The Syndrome of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema - CPFE}}</ref> CFPE is often complicated by [[Medicine:Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary hypertension]], acute lung injury, lung cancer, and [[Medicine:Coronary artery disease|coronary artery disease]].<ref name=Wand/>
==Diagnosis==
The diagnosis is confirmed with [[Astronomy:High-resolution computed tomography|high resolution CT scan]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Jankowich | first1=MD | last2=Rounds | first2=SI | title=Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome: a review | journal=Chest | volume=141 | issue=1 | pages=222–231 |date=January 2012 | pmid=22215830 | pmc=3251269 | doi=10.1378/chest.11-1062 }}</ref>

== References ==
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{{Respiratory pathology}}
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[[Category:Lung disorders]]

{{Sourceattribution|Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema}}