View source for Organization:BRICS

{{Short description|Intergovernmental organization of emerging countries}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = BRICS
| image = 2023 BRICS Summit family photographs.jpg
| image_size = 250
| caption = BRICS representatives at the 2023 summit, from left to right: Lula da Silva, [[Biography:Xi Jinping|Xi Jinping]], Cyril Ramaphosa, Narendra Modi and Sergey Lavrov
| logo = BRICS 2023 Logo.svg
| logo_size = 200
| logo_alt = 
| logo_caption = Logo of the 15th BRICS summit (2023)
| map = BRICS.svg
| map_size = 
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = Map key:
{{Legend|#0072B2|Member states}}
| map2 = 
| map2_size = 
| map2_caption = ----
'''Member states and key leaders:'''
----{{Infobox|subbox=yes
| labelstyle = padding-right:1em;text-align:left
| datastyle  = text-align:left
| label1     = {{flag|Brazil}}
| data1      = President Lula da Silva
| label2     = {{flag|Russia}}
| data2      = President Vladimir Putin
| label3     = {{flag|India}}
| data3      = Prime Minister Narendra Modi
| label4     = {{flag|China}} 
| data4      = President [[Biography:Xi Jinping|Xi Jinping]]
| label5     = {{flag|South Africa}} (2023 host)
| data5      = President Cyril Ramaphosa}}<hr/>
| founding_location = Yekaterinburg, {{wipe|Russia}} <br />(1st BRIC summit)
| abbreviation = BRICS
| predecessor = [[Finance:BRIC|BRIC]] (informal)
| named_after = Founder member states' initials (in English)
| type = [[Social:Intergovernmental organization|Intergovernmental organization]]
| purpose = Political and economical
| fields = International politics
| membership = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; 
 |title = 9 members
 |{{flag|Brazil}}
 |{{flag|Russia}}
 |{{flag|India}}
 |{{flag|China}}
 |{{flag|South Africa}}
 |{{flag|Egypt}}
 |{{flag|Ethiopia}}
 |{{flag|Iran}}
 |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
}}
| funding = Member states
| formerly = 
| website = https://brics2023.gov.za/
}}

'''BRICS''' is an [[Social:Intergovernmental organization|intergovernmental organization]] comprising {{wipe|Brazil}}, {{wipe|Russia}}, {{wipe|India}}, {{wipe|China}}, {{wipe|South Africa}}, [[Place:Egypt|Egypt]], Ethiopia, [[Religion:Iran|Iran]], and the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]]. Originally [[Finance:BRIC|identified to highlight investment opportunities]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Goldman's BRIC Era Ends as Fund Folds After Years of Losses |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-08/goldman-s-bric-era-ends-as-fund-closes-after-years-of-losses |website=Bloomberg |date=8 November 2015 |access-date=10 November 2022 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131044405/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-08/goldman-s-bric-era-ends-as-fund-closes-after-years-of-losses |url-status=live }}</ref> the grouping evolved into a cohesive geopolitical bloc, with their [[Social:Government|government]]s meeting annually at formal summits and coordinating multilateral policies since 2009. Bilateral relations among BRICS are conducted mainly on the basis of non-interference, equality, and [[Social:Mutual aid (organization theory)|mutual benefit]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Gutemberg Pacheco Lopes Junior<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The Sino-Brazilian Principles in a Latin American and BRICS Context: The Case for Comparative Public Budgeting Legal Research; Wisconsin International Law Journal; 13 May 2015 |url=https://uwlaw-omeka.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/original/08e149ff130e80d68a807d83638d111fb4472552.pdf |access-date=7 September 2016 |website=University of Wisconsin Law School |archive-date=30 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930153438/https://uwlaw-omeka.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/original/08e149ff130e80d68a807d83638d111fb4472552.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The founding countries of Brazil, Russia, India, and China held the first summit in Yekaterinburg in 2009, with South Africa joining the bloc a year later.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/what-is-brics-who-are-its-members-2023-08-21/#:~:text=WHO%20ARE%20THE%20MEMBERS%3F,grouping%20became%20known%20as%20BRICS {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118215023/https://www.reuters.com/world/what-is-brics-who-are-its-members-2023-08-21/#:~:text=WHO%20ARE%20THE%20MEMBERS%3F,grouping%20became%20known%20as%20BRICS |date=18 November 2023 }}.</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The BRICS and the Future of Global Order|author=Oliver Stuenkel|year=2020|edition=2|publisher=Lexington Books|page=1|isbn=978-0739193211}}</ref> Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and the United Arab Emirates joined the organization on 1 January 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=BRICS expansion: five countries join ranks |url=https://www.africanews.com/2024/01/02/brics-expansion-five-countries-join-ranks/ |date=2 January 2024 |website=Africa News |access-date=4 January 2024 |archive-date=4 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104112507/https://www.africanews.com/2024/01/02/brics-expansion-five-countries-join-ranks/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-03 |title=Iran, UAE, Egypt and Ethiopia join BRICS |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/article-780601 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240103153426/https://www.jpost.com/international/article-780601 |archive-date=2024-01-03 |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Combined, the BRICS members encompass about 30% of the world's land surface and 45% of the global population.{{efn|The BRICS have a combined area of {{convert|44300000|km2||abbr=on}} and an estimated total population of about 3.67 billion.<ref name="UN">{{cite web |date=June 2019 |title=Total Population – Both Sexes |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx |access-date=17 June 2019 |work=World Population Prospects, the 2019 Revision |publisher=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, Population Estimates and Projections Section |archive-date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218054922/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx |url-status=live }}</ref>}} {{wipe|Brazil}}, {{wipe|Russia}}, {{wipe|India}}, and {{wipe|China}} are among the world's ten largest countries by population, area, and GDP (PPP). All five initial member states are members of the [[Organization:G20|G20]], with a combined [[Finance:Gross domestic product|nominal GDP]] of US$28 trillion (about 27% of the [[Finance:Gross world product|gross world product]]), a total GDP (PPP) of around US$57 trillion (33% of global GDP PPP), and an estimated US$4.5 trillion in combined foreign reserves (as of 2018).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=IMF |language=en-US |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430112801/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms "Amid BRICS' rise and 'Arab Spring', a new global order forms"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020201828/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms |date=20 October 2011 }} . ''The Christian Science Monitor''. 18 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.</ref>

The BRICS countries are considered the foremost geopolitical rival to the [[Organization:G7|G7 bloc]] of leading advanced economies, implementing competing initiatives such as the [[Organization:New Development Bank|New Development Bank]], the [[Organization:BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement|BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement]], the [[Finance:BRICS PAY|BRICS pay]], the [https://eng.rosstat.gov.ru/folder/75553#:~:text=BRICS%20Joint%20Statistical%20Publications%20are,current%20status%20of%20the%20individual BRICS Joint Statistical Publication] and the [https://indiafoundation.in/articles-and-commentaries/brics-the-role-of-the-unit-of-account-for-the-new-basket-of-currencies/ BRICS basket reserve currency].

BRICS has received both praise<ref name="BRICS Peace Defender" /><ref name="highwall" /><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-08-03 |title=ILO head praises BRICS countries' commitment to social dialogue |url=http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_636211/lang--en/index.htm |access-date=2023-08-25 |publisher=ILO |language=en |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825163740/http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_636211/lang--en/index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Richard D. |last=Wolff |date=3 October 2022 |title=BRICS: the powerful global alliance |url=https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/brics-the-powerful-global-alliance |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=canadiandimension.com |language=en |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825163741/https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/brics-the-powerful-global-alliance |url-status=live }}</ref> and criticism<ref name="USINPAC">{{cite web|title=BRICS – India is the biggest loser|url=http://usinpac.com/blog/admin/brics-india-is-the-biggest-loser/|publisher=USINPAC|last=Maitra|first=Sumantra|date=18 April 2013|access-date=17 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028210231/http://usinpac.com/blog/admin/brics-india-is-the-biggest-loser/|archive-date=28 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Blakeley |first=Grace |date=15 February 2023 |title=BRIC Nationalism Is No Alternative |work=Jacobin |url=https://jacobin.com/2023/02/bric-nationalism-is-no-alternative |access-date=25 August 2023 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825163742/https://jacobin.com/2023/02/bric-nationalism-is-no-alternative |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Coughlin">{{cite news |last=Coughlin |first=Con |date=24 August 2023 |title=Brics is now a motley crew of failing states |language=en-GB |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/08/24/brics-summit-india-china-russia-putin-xi-jinping/ |access-date=25 August 2023 |issn=0307-1235 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825032303/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/08/24/brics-summit-india-china-russia-putin-xi-jinping/ |url-status=live }}</ref> from numerous commentators.

==History==
===Founding===
The term [[Finance:BRIC|BRIC]] was originally developed in the context of foreign investment strategies. It was introduced in the 2001 publication, ''[https://www.goldmansachs.com/intelligence/archive/building-better.html Building Better Global Economic BRICs]'' by then-chairman of [[Company:Goldman Sachs|Goldman Sachs]] Asset Management, Jim O'Neill.<ref>Jim O'Neill (2009).[http://www.goldmansachs.com/our-thinking/archive/building-better.html "Building Better Global Economic BRICs"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714202851/http://www.goldmansachs.com/our-thinking/archive/building-better.html |date=14 July 2014 }} . [[Company:Goldman Sachs|Goldman Sachs]]. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nagashybayeva |first=Gulnar |date=November 2016 |title=Research Guides: BRICS: Sources of Information: Introduction |url=https://guides.loc.gov/brics/introduction |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=guides.loc.gov |language=en-US |archive-date=23 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723194646/https://guides.loc.gov/brics/introduction |url-status=live }}</ref>

The foreign ministers of the initial four BRIC General states (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) met in New York City in September 2006 at the margins of the General Debate of the UN Assembly, beginning a series of high-level meetings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://brics6.itamaraty.gov.br/about-brics/information-about-brics |title=Information about BRICS |publisher=Brics6.itamaraty.gov.br |date=27 March 2013 |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710163822/http://brics6.itamaraty.gov.br/about-brics/information-about-brics |archive-date=10 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A full-scale diplomatic meeting was held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, on 16 June 2009.<ref>[http://www.kremlin.ru/eng/articles/bric_1.shtml "Cooperation within BRIC"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619032104/http://www.kremlin.ru/eng/articles/bric_1.shtml |date=19 June 2009 }}. Kremlin.ru. Retrieved 16 June 2009.</ref>

The BRIC grouping's 1st formal summit, also held in Yekaterinburg, commenced on 16 June 2009,<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title=First summit for emerging giants |work=BBC News |date=16 June 2009 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8102216.stm |access-date=16 June 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090618002740/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8102216.stm| archive-date= 18 June 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> with Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Dmitry Medvedev, Manmohan Singh, and Hu Jintao, the respective leaders of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, all attending.<ref name=reuters>{{cite news |title=BRIC demands more clout, steers clear of dollar talk |publisher=Reuters |date=26 June 2009 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSLG67435120090616 |access-date=16 June 2009 |first=Gleb |last=Bryanski| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090619134448/https://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSLG67435120090616| archive-date=19 June 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> The summit's focus was on improving the global economic situation and reforming [[Finance:Financial institution|financial institution]]s, and discussed how the 4 countries could better co-operate in the future.<ref name="BBC" /><ref name=reuters/> There was further discussion of ways that developing countries, such as 3/4 of the BRIC members, could become more involved in global affairs.<ref name=reuters/>

In the aftermath of the 2009 Yekaterinburg summit, the BRIC nations announced the need for a new [[Finance:World currency|global reserve currency]], which would have to be "diverse, stable and predictable."<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIC wants more influence |date=16 June 2009 |publisher=Euronews |url=http://www.euronews.net/2009/06/16/bric-wants-more-influence/ |access-date=16 June 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090621022125/http://www.euronews.net/2009/06/16/bric-wants-more-influence/| archive-date= 21 June 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> Although the statement that was released did not directly criticize the perceived "dominance" of the {{wipe|United States dollar}} – something that Russia had criticized in the past – it did spark a fall in the value of the dollar against other major currencies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dollar slides after Russia comments, BRIC summit |work={{wipe|Reuters}} |date=16 June 2009 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-markets-forex-idUSTRE5530NQ20090616 |first=Wanfeng |last=Zhou |access-date=6 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924142310/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/06/16/us-markets-forex-idUSTRE5530NQ20090616 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

===2010 expansion===
In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of that year.<ref name="foreignpolicyjournal.com">
{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Jack A. |url=http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2011/01/21/bric-becomes-brics-changes-on-the-geopolitical-chessboard/2/ |title=BRIC Becomes BRICS: Changes on the Geopolitical Chessboard |publisher=Foreign Policy Journal |date=21 January 2011 |access-date=14 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126031749/http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2011/01/21/bric-becomes-brics-changes-on-the-geopolitical-chessboard/2/ |archive-date=26 January 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> South Africa officially became a member nation on 24 December 2010, after being formally invited by China to join<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bric-safrica-idUSTRE6BN1DZ20101224|title=China invites South Africa to join BRIC: Xinhua|date=24 December 2010|work=Reuters|access-date=9 June 2019|language=en|archive-date=9 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609013836/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bric-safrica-idUSTRE6BN1DZ20101224|url-status=live}}</ref> and subsequently accepted by other BRIC countries.<ref name="foreignpolicyjournal.com" /> The group was renamed BRICS – with the "S" standing for South Africa – to reflect the group's expanded membership.<ref>Blanchard, Ben and Zhou Xin (14 April 2011). [https://af.reuters.com/article/southAfricaNews/idAFL3E7FE13B20110414 "UPDATE 1-BRICS discussed global monetary reform, not yuan"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620043200/http://af.reuters.com/article/southAfricaNews/idAFL3E7FE13B20110414 |date=20 June 2017 }} . Reuters Africa. Retrieved 26 April 2013.</ref> In April 2011, the President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, attended the 2011 BRICS summit in Sanya, China, as a full member.<ref name=autogenerated1>
{{cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-12/24/c_13662138.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228032338/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-12/24/c_13662138.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 December 2010 |title=South Africa joins BRIC as full member |publisher=Xinhua |date=24 December 2010 |access-date=14 April 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BRICS-countries-need-to-further-enhance-coordination-Manmohan-Singh/articleshow/7961167.cms |title=BRICS countries need to further enhance coordination: Manmohan Singh |website=The Times of India |date=12 April 2011 |access-date=14 April 2011 |archive-date=17 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717130455/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BRICS-countries-need-to-further-enhance-coordination-Manmohan-Singh/articleshow/7961167.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/brics-should-coordinate-in-key-areas-of-development-pm/775130/ |title=BRICS should coordinate in key areas of development: PM |website=Indian Express |date=10 April 2011 |access-date=14 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415005531/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/brics-should-coordinate-in-key-areas-of-development-pm/775130 |archive-date=15 April 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== New Development Bank ===
[[File:28 06 2019 Reunião Informal do BRICS (48142569851).jpg|thumb|right|Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro and Russian president Vladimir Putin during the BRICS in Brasília, {{wipe|Brazil}}]]

In June 2012, the BRICS nations pledged $75&nbsp;billion to boost the lending power of the [[Organization:International Monetary Fund|International Monetary Fund]] (IMF). However, this loan was conditional on IMF voting reforms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/russia-brics-imf-idINDEE85K04C20120621|publisher=Reuters|title=Russia says BRICS eye joint anti-crisis fund|date=21 June 2012|access-date=5 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515075723/http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/06/21/russia-brics-imf-idINDEE85K04C20120621|archive-date=15 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2013, during the fifth BRICS summit in Durban, the member countries agreed to create a global financial institution to cooperate with the western-dominated IMF and World Bank.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/mar/28/brics-countries-infrastructure-spending-development-bank|title=Brics eye infrastructure funding through new development bank|website=The Guardian|date=28 March 2013|access-date=29 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030120601/http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/mar/28/brics-countries-infrastructure-spending-development-bank|archive-date=30 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> They planned to set up this [[Organization:New Development Bank|New Development Bank]] by 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/g20-brics-india-idINDEE93I0DK20130419|title=India sees BRICS development bank agreed by 2014 summit|publisher=Reuters|date=19 April 2013|access-date=10 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528093058/http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/04/19/g20-brics-india-idINDEE93I0DK20130419|archive-date=28 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> However, disputes relating to burden sharing and location slowed down the agreements.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

[[File:New Development Bank HQ Shanghai.jpg|thumb|BRICS Tower headquarters in Shanghai]]

At the BRICS leaders meeting in St Petersburg in September 2013, China committed $41&nbsp;billion towards the pool; Brazil, India, and Russia $18&nbsp;billion each; and South Africa $5&nbsp;billion. China, who held the world's largest foreign exchange reserves and contributes the bulk of the currency pool, wanted a more significant managing role. China also wanted to be the location of the reserve.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/g20-brics-fund-idINL6N0I13N720131011 |title=BRICS may decide on $100 billion fund early 2014 – Russia &#124; Reuters |publisher=In.reuters.com |date=11 October 2013 |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194824/http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/10/11/g20-brics-fund-idINL6N0I13N720131011 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2013, Russia's Finance Minister Anton Siluanov said that creating a $100&nbsp;billion in funds designated to steady currency markets would be taken in early 2014. The Brazilian finance minister, Guido Mantega, confirmed that the fund would be created by March 2014.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Silvio Cascione |author2=Patricia Duarte |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-economy-mantega-idINBRE9990WR20131010 |title=Brazil's Mantega urges Fed to communicate tapering 'clearly' &#124; Reuters |publisher=In.reuters.com |date=10 October 2013 |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194821/http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/10/10/us-brazil-economy-mantega-idINBRE9990WR20131010 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> However, by April 2014, the currency reserve pool and development bank had yet to be set up, and the date was rescheduled to 2015.<ref name="rbth1">{{Cite web |url=http://rbth.com/business/2014/04/14/brics_countries_to_set_up_their_own_imf_35891.html |title=rbth.com: "BRICS countries to set up their own IMF" 14 Apr 2014 |date=14 April 2014 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531200454/http://rbth.com/business/2014/04/14/brics_countries_to_set_up_their_own_imf_35891.html |archive-date=31 May 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> One driver for the BRICS development bank is that the existing institutions primarily benefit extra-BRICS corporations, and the political significance is notable because it allows BRICS member states "to promote their interests abroad... and can highlight the strengthening positions of countries whose opinion is frequently ignored by their developed American and European colleagues."{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

[[File:NDB-HQ-LOGO.jpg|thumb|right|New Development Bank's logo]]

In July 2014, during the sixth BRICS summit in Fortaleza, the BRICS signed the document to create the US$100&nbsp;billion [[Organization:New Development Bank|New Development Bank]] (formerly known as the "BRICS Development Bank") and a reserve currency pool worth over another US$100&nbsp;billion. Documents on cooperation between BRICS export credit agencies and an agreement of cooperation on innovation were also inked.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}} The Fortaleza summit was followed by a BRICS meeting with the [[Organization:Union of South American Nations|Union of South American Nations]] presidents in Brasilia.<ref name="yn11j">
[https://news.yahoo.com/brics-launch-bank-tighten-latin-america-ties-034909760.html "BRICS to launch bank, tighten Latin America ties"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712193150/http://news.yahoo.com/brics-launch-bank-tighten-latin-america-ties-034909760.html |date=12 July 2015 }} . Yahoo.com. 11 July 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
</ref>

=== Other initiatives ===
Since 2011, the National Institutes of Statistics of the BRICS group of countries (IBGE, Rosstat, the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the Central Statistics Office (India) and Statistics South Africa) produce an annual joint statistical publication in order to put statistical production in perspective, compare adopted methodologies and statistical results. The publication serves as single data platform for the mutual benefit of participating countries.

Since 2012, the BRICS group of countries have been planning an optical fibre submarine communications cable system to carry telecommunications between the BRICS countries, known as the [[BRICS Cable]].<ref name="bloomberg">{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aDLKQqIM.ZZ0|title=Brics Cable Unveiled for Direct and Cohesive Communications Services between Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa|publisher={{wipe|Bloomberg News}}|date=16 April 2012|access-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119201528/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aDLKQqIM.ZZ0|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Part of the motivation for the project was the spying of the [[Organization:National Security Agency|U.S. National Security Agency]] on all telecommunications that flowed in and out of United States territory.<ref name="diplomat">{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/a-fiber-optic-silk-road/|title=A Fiber-Optic Silk Road|publisher=The Diplomat|date=2 April 2015|first=Nadège|last=Rolland|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119180928/https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/a-fiber-optic-silk-road/|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2023, construction of the proposed cable network had not started.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

After the 2015 summit, the respective communications ministers, under a Russian proposal, had a first summit for their ministries in Moscow in October where the host minister, Nikolai Nikiforov, proposed an initiative to further tighten their information technology sectors and challenge the monopoly of the United States in the sector.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

In August 2019, the communications ministers of the BRICS countries signed a letter of intent to cooperate in the Information and Communication Technology sector. This agreement was signed in the fifth edition of meeting of communication ministers of countries member of the group<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/brics-countries-to-cooperate-in-ict-sector--1304946 | title=BRICS countries to cooperate in ICT sector | access-date=20 August 2019 | archive-date=20 August 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820144600/https://www.telecompaper.com/news/brics-countries-to-cooperate-in-ict-sector--1304946 | url-status=live }}</ref> held in [[Engineering:Brasília|Brasília]], Brazil.

[[File:9YAN 5350 (52766002359).jpg|thumb|Meeting of BRICS foreign ministers on 22 September 2022]]
The [[Organization:New Development Bank|New Development Bank]] plans on giving out $15&nbsp;billion to member states to help their struggling economies. Member countries are hoping for a smooth comeback and a continuation of economic trade pre-COVID-19. The 2020 BRICS summit was held virtually in St. Petersburg, Russia and discussed how to handle the COVID-19 pandemic and how to fix the multilateral system via reforms.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BRICS To Allocate $15 Billion For Rebuilding Economies Hit By COVID-19|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-brics-to-allocate-15-billion-for-rebuilding-economies-hit-by-covid-19-2220046|access-date=20 October 2020|website=NDTV.com|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126173126/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-brics-to-allocate-15-billion-for-rebuilding-economies-hit-by-covid-19-2220046|url-status=live}}</ref> During the 13th BRICS summit, in 2021, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi called for a transparent investigation into the origins of COVID-19 under the [[Organization:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] with the full cooperation of "all countries", and Chinese leader Xi Jinping spoke directly afterwards, calling on BRICS countries to "oppose politicisation" of the process.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-china-avoided-open-clash-over-origins-of-covid-19-virus/article36479981.ece|title=India, China avoided open clash over COVID-19 origins|newspaper=The Hindu|date=15 September 2021|last1=Haidar|first1=Suhasini|last2=Krishnan|first2=Ananth|access-date=16 September 2021|archive-date=16 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916021840/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-china-avoided-open-clash-over-origins-of-covid-19-virus/article36479981.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2023, South Africa announced that they would be giving diplomatic immunity to Vladimir Putin and other Russian officials so that they could attend the 15th BRICS Summit despite the ICC arrest warrant for Putin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-30 |title=South Africa moves to let Putin attend BRICS summit despite ICC arrest warrant over Ukraine war |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/south-africa-vladimir-putin-icc-arrest-warrant-ukraine-war-brics-immunity/ |website=CBS News |first=Sarah |last=Carter |language=en-US |access-date=12 June 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616001351/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/south-africa-vladimir-putin-icc-arrest-warrant-ukraine-war-brics-immunity/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=South Africa's diplomatic dilemma with Putin |url=https://www.dw.com/en/south-africas-diplomatic-dilemma-with-putin/a-65804176 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=2 June 2023 |access-date=12 June 2023 |archive-date=12 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612222322/https://www.dw.com/en/south-africas-diplomatic-dilemma-with-putin/a-65804176 |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2023, the Russian president announced that he will not personally attend the BRICS summit in Johannesburg on 22–24 August despite good relations with the South African government. Russian news channels noted that Putin will remotely participate online in all BRICS leaders’ sessions, including its Business Forum, and also deliver his remarks virtually.<ref>Bartlett K. (July 19, 2023). [https://www.npr.org/2023/07/19/1188568761/russia-putin-south-africa-brics-summit "Putin won't attend a South Africa summit next month, avoiding possible arrest"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721213130/https://www.npr.org/2023/07/19/1188568761/russia-putin-south-africa-brics-summit |date=21 July 2023 }} ''NPR.org.'' Accessed 21 July 2023.</ref>

=== 2024 expansion ===
In August 2023, at the 15th BRICS Summit, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa announced that 6 emerging market group countries ({{wipe|Argentina}}, [[Place:Egypt|Egypt]], Ethiopia, [[Religion:Iran|Iran]], Saudi Arabia, and the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]]) had been invited to join the bloc. Full membership was scheduled to take effect on 1 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Monteiro |first=Ana |date=2023-12-29 |title=BRICS to Grow as Saudi, Iran, UAE, Egypt, Ethiopia Join Ranks |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-29/brics-to-grow-as-saudi-iran-uae-egypt-ethiopia-join-ranks |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231231210031/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-29/brics-to-grow-as-saudi-iran-uae-egypt-ethiopia-join-ranks |archive-date=2023-12-31 |access-date=2024-01-09 |website={{wipe|Bloomberg News}}}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> However, the Argentine general election in November 2023 led to a change in president to Javier Milei, who had committed to withdraw the country's membership application.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BRICS membership in doubt as opposition rejects move {{!}} Buenos Aires Times |url=https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/argentina/argentinas-brics-membership-in-doubt-as-opposition-rejects-move.phtml |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=www.batimes.com.ar |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828170311/https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/argentina/argentinas-brics-membership-in-doubt-as-opposition-rejects-move.phtml |url-status=live }}</ref> On 30 November 2023, incoming Foreign Minister of Argentina Diana Mondino confirmed that Argentina will not join the BRICS.<ref name=Argentinanot>{{cite news|last1=Bonelli|first1=Matías|title=Diana Mondino confirmó que la Argentina no ingresará a los BRICS|trans-title=Diana Mondino confirmed that Argentina won't join BRICS|url=https://www.cronista.com/economia-politica/diana-mondino-confirmo-que-la-argentina-no-ingresara-a-los-brics/|access-date=1 December 2023|work=El Cronista|date=1 December 2023|language=es|archive-date=30 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130205429/https://www.cronista.com/economia-politica/diana-mondino-confirmo-que-la-argentina-no-ingresara-a-los-brics/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 29 December 2023 the Government of Argentina sent a letter to all BRICS leaders to officially announce its withdrawal from the application process.<ref name="Argentinanot2">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-29 |title=El gobierno de Javier Milei oficializó que la Argentina no entrará a los Brics |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/el-gobierno-de-javier-milei-oficializo-que-la-argentina-no-entrara-a-los-brics-nid29122023/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=LA NACIÓN |language=es |archive-date=29 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229134619/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/el-gobierno-de-javier-milei-oficializo-que-la-argentina-no-entrara-a-los-brics-nid29122023/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The aim of latest expansion is touted as part of a plan to build a multipolar world order that puts weight to hitherto subdued voices of the [[Finance:Global South|Global South]] and brings them to the centre of the world agenda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia, Iran among 6 nations invited to join BRICS |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2023/8/24/saudi-arabia-iran-to-join-brics-as-grouping-admits-six-new-members |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=Al Jazeera |first=Sumayya |last=Ismail |date=2023-08-24 |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824170532/https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2023/8/24/saudi-arabia-iran-to-join-brics-as-grouping-admits-six-new-members |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Summits==
The grouping has held annual summits since 2009, with member countries taking turns to host. Prior to South Africa's admission, two BRIC summits were held, in 2009 and 2010. The first five-member BRICS summit was held in 2011. The most recent BRICS leaders' summit took place virtually on 23 June 2022 hosted by China.<ref>{{Cite news |title=14th BRICS summit to be held in China: Check date, place and other details |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/14th-brics-summit-to-be-held-in-china-check-date-place-and-other-details/articleshow/92271827.cms |access-date=2022-07-17 |archive-date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717204055/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/14th-brics-summit-to-be-held-in-china-check-date-place-and-other-details/articleshow/92271827.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-17 |title=China's Xi to host virtual BRICS leaders summit on June 23 - Xinhua |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-xi-host-virtual-brics-leaders-summit-june-23-xinhua-2022-06-17/ |access-date=2022-07-17 |archive-date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717204055/https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-xi-host-virtual-brics-leaders-summit-june-23-xinhua-2022-06-17/ |url-status=live }}</ref> India hosted the BRICS 2021 summit in New Delhi and, amid tensions with China, [[Social:Paramount leader|Chinese leader]] [[Biography:Xi Jinping|Xi Jinping]] had made a soft move by supporting India's Chairmanship in 2021.<ref name="BRICS Brazil">{{cite web |title=BRICS BRASIL 2019 – Theme and priorities |url=http://brics2019.itamaraty.gov.br/en/2019-brazilian-presidency/theme-and-priorities |website=brics2019.itamaraty.gov.br |access-date=26 July 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828170201/http://brics2019.itamaraty.gov.br/en/2019-brazilian-presidency/theme-and-priorities |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! Sr. No. !! Date(s) !! Host country !! Host leader !! Location !! Notes
|-
| 1st || 16 June 2009 || {{flag|Russia}} || Dmitry Medvedev || {{small|Yekaterinburg (Sevastianov's House)}} ||The summit was to discuss the global recession taking place at the time, future cooperation among states, and trade. Some of the specific topics discussed were food, trade, climate trade, and security for the members. They called out for a more influential voice and representation for up-and-coming markets. Note at the time South Africa was not yet admitted to the BRICS organization at the time.<ref name="What is BRICS {{!}} Africa Facts">{{Cite web|date=15 October 2018|title=What is BRICS {{!}} Africa Facts|url=https://africa-facts.org/what-is-brics/|access-date=3 November 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731171007/https://africa-facts.org/what-is-brics/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2nd || 15 April 2010 || {{flag|Brazil}} || Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva || {{small|[[Engineering:Brasília|Brasília]] (Itamaraty Palace)}} || {{small|Guests: Jacob Zuma (President of South Africa) and Riyad al-Maliki (Foreign Minister of the Palestinian National Authority)}}. The second summit continued on the conversation of the global recession and how to recover. They had a conversation on the IMF, climate change, and more ways to form cooperation among states.<ref name="What is BRICS {{!}} Africa Facts"/>
|-
| 3rd || 14 April 2011 || {{flag|China}} || Hu Jintao || {{small|Sanya (Sheraton Sanya Resort)}} || {{small|First summit to include South Africa alongside the original [[Finance:BRIC|BRIC]] countries.}} The third summit had members debating on the global and internal economies of countries.<ref name="What is BRICS {{!}} Africa Facts"/>
|-
| 4th || 29 March 2012 || {{flag|India}} || Manmohan Singh || {{small|[[Place:New Delhi|New Delhi]] (Taj Mahal Hotel)}} || {{small|The [[BRICS Cable]] announced an optical fibre [[Engineering:Submarine communications cable|submarine communications cable]] system that carries telecommunications between the BRICS countries.}} The fourth summit discussed how the organization could prosper from the global recession and how they could take advantage of that to help their economies. BRICS had the intention of improving their global power and providing adequate development for their state.<ref name="dx.doi.org">{{Cite book|date=15 March 2011|chapter=How aid for trade could help SVEs integrate in the global economy|chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.14217/9781848591004-6-en|access-date=3 November 2020|series=Economic Paper|pages=30–37|doi=10.14217/9781848591004-6-en|isbn=9781848591004|title=Effectiveness of Aid for Trade in Small and Vulnerable Economies|publisher=Commonwealth|archive-date=31 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231212740/https://www.thecommonwealth-ilibrary.org/index.php/comsec/catalog/view/257/254/1926|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 5th || {{nowrap|26–27 March 2013}} || {{nowrap|{{flag|South Africa}}}} || Jacob Zuma || {{small|Durban (Durban ICC)}} || The fifth summit discusses the New Development Bank proposition and Contingent Reserve Agreement. BRICS also announced the Business Council and its Think Tank Council.<ref name="dx.doi.org"/> 
|-
| 6th || 14–17 July 2014 || {{flag|Brazil}} || Dilma Rousseff || {{small|{{nowrap|Fortaleza (Centro de Eventos do Ceará)<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.postwesternworld.com/2013/07/04/a-cupula-de-durban-e-o-futuro-dos-brics/|title=A Cúpula de Durban e o futuro dos BRICS|publisher=Post-Western World|date=4 July 2013|access-date=7 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907140905/http://www.postwesternworld.com/2013/07/04/a-cupula-de-durban-e-o-futuro-dos-brics/|archive-date=7 September 2013|url-status=live}}
</ref>}}}} || {{small|BRICS [[Organization:New Development Bank|New Development Bank]] and [[Organization:BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement|BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement]] agreements signed.}}<ref name=invitation2>
{{cite web|title=BRICS summit: PM Modi to leave for Brazil tomorrow, will seek reforms|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-to-leave-for-brazil-tomorrow-for-brics-summit/article1-1239519.aspx|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=12 July 2014|date=12 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713100114/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-to-leave-for-brazil-tomorrow-for-brics-summit/article1-1239519.aspx|archive-date=13 July 2014|url-status=dead}}
</ref> The members of BRICS conversed with each other about political coordination, development, and economic growth. They established the Fortaleza Declaration and Action Plan.<ref name="africa-facts.org">{{Cite web|date=15 October 2018|title=What is BRICS {{!}} Africa Facts|url=https://africa-facts.org/what-is-brics/|access-date=4 November 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731171007/https://africa-facts.org/what-is-brics/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 7th || 8–9 July 2015 || {{flag|Russia}}  || Vladimir Putin || {{small|Ufa (Congress Hall)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ufacity.info/eng/press/news/117306.html|title=Ufa to host SCO and BRICS summits in 2015|publisher=UfaCity.info|access-date=7 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325165310/http://ufacity.info/eng/press/news/117306.html|archive-date=25 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} || {{small|Joint summit with SCO-[[Finance:Eurasian Economic Union|EAEU]]}}. The seventh summit discussed global, economic problems, and better ways to foster cooperation among member states.<ref name="africa-facts.org"/>
|-
| 8th || 15–16 October 2016 || {{flag|India}} || Narendra Modi || {{small|Benaulim (Taj Exotica)}} || {{small|Joint summit with BIMSTEC}}. The eighth BRICS summit debated on topics like counter-terrorism, economies, and climate change. BRICS also issued the Goa Declaration and Action Plan, hoping to harden their relationships.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|date=15 October 2018|title=What is BRICS {{!}} Africa Facts|url=https://africa-facts.org/what-is-brics/|access-date=5 November 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731171007/https://africa-facts.org/what-is-brics/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 9th || 3–5 September 2017 || {{flag|China}} || [[Biography:Xi Jinping|Xi Jinping]] || {{small|Xiamen (Xiamen International Conference Center)}} || {{small|Joint summit with EMDCD}}. The ninth summit was an event that talked about a bright future for BRICS and what their goals intend to be. They still covered and debated international and regional issues with one another; hopeful to keep moving forward.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|-
| 10th || 25–27 July 2018 || {{flag|South Africa}} || Cyril Ramaphosa || {{small|[[Place:Johannesburg|Johannesburg]] (Sandton Convention Centre)}} ||The tenth summit had the members discuss their rising industries. Hoping they can cut a bigger slice of the industry market.
|-
| 11th || 13–14 November 2019 || {{flag|Brazil}} || [[Biography:Jair Bolsonaro|Jair Bolsonaro]] || {{small|[[Engineering:Brasília|Brasília]] (Itamaraty Palace)}}<ref name="BRICS Brazil"/> ||The eleventh summit discussed advancements in the BRICS's science and innovation fields. Primarily trying to advance technology and digital currency. They made mutual agreements to help stop drug trafficking and organized crime; both internationally and internally
|-
| 12th || 21–23 July 2020 (postponed due to COVID-19 pandemic)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eng.brics-russia2020.ru/news/20200527/395729/BRICS-and-the-SCO-summits-postponed.html|title=BRICS and the SCO summits postponed &#124; Official website of the Russian BRICS Chairmanship in 2020|website=eng.brics-russia2020.ru|date=27 May 2020|access-date=20 July 2020|archive-date=17 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002623/https://eng.brics-russia2020.ru/news/20200527/395729/BRICS-and-the-SCO-summits-postponed.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br /> 17 November 2020 (video conference)<ref>{{cite news |title=BRICS Summit to be held virtually on Nov 17; strengthening cooperation, global stability on agenda |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/brics-summit-to-be-held-virtually-on-nov-17-cooperation-strengthening-global-stability-on-agenda/story-Io02j2Xpb81KAx03C13O1M.html |access-date=5 October 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=5 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=5 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005132156/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/brics-summit-to-be-held-virtually-on-nov-17-cooperation-strengthening-global-stability-on-agenda/story-Io02j2Xpb81KAx03C13O1M.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|| {{flag|Russia}} || Vladimir Putin || {{small|Saint Petersburg}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/5d3209879a7947184d6b66f9 |title=Путин заявил о переносе саммитов БРИКС и ШОС из Челябинска |date=19 July 2019 |access-date=19 July 2019 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719211012/https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/5d3209879a7947184d6b66f9 |url-status=live }}</ref> || {{small|Joint summit with SCO}}. Discussing a mutual agreement on helping BRICS member countries to help foster better living standards and quality of life for each country's people. Plans on focusing on peace, economies, and cultural societal issues.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chaudhury|first=Dipanjan Roy|title=BRICS Summit to be held virtually on November 17|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/brics-summit-to-be-held-virtually-on-november-17/articleshow/78495022.cms|access-date=20 October 2020|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116003235/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/brics-summit-to-be-held-virtually-on-november-17/articleshow/78495022.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 13th || 9 September 2021 (video conference) || {{flag|India}} || Narendra Modi || {{small|[[Place:New Delhi|New Delhi]]}} || {{small|BRICS Games 2021}}<ref>{{cite news |title=India plans to host BRICS Games during Khelo India Games in 2021 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-plans-to-host-brics-games-during-khelo-india-games-in-2021-8755221.html |work=Firstpost |date=26 August 2020 |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627230435/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-plans-to-host-brics-games-during-khelo-india-games-in-2021-8755221.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 14th || 23 June 2022 (video conference) || {{flag|China}} || [[Biography:Xi Jinping|Xi Jinping]] || {{small|[[Place:Beijing|Beijing]]}} ||A major development on the summit was creation of a new, basket type reserve currency. The currency, which is challenging US dollar, combines BRICS currencies and is backed by precious metals. 
|-
| 15th || 22–24 August 2023 || {{flag|South Africa}} || Cyril Ramaphosa || {{small|[[Place:Johannesburg|Johannesburg]] (Sandton Convention Centre)}}|| {{wipe|Argentina}}, [[Place:Egypt|Egypt]], Ethiopia, [[Religion:Iran|Iran]], Saudi Arabia, and the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]] were invited to join the bloc. Full membership took effect on 1 January 2024.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4"/> On December 29, 2023, the Government of Argentina sent a letter to all BRICS leaders officially declining the invitation to join the bloc<ref name="Argentinanot2"/> while Saudi Arabia confirmed its membership on 31st January 2024.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-31/brics-gets-boost-as-saudi-arabia-joins-group-of-emerging-nations]</ref>
|-
| 16th || October 2024 || {{flag|Russia}} || TBD || {{small|Kazan}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Next BRICS summit to be held in Kazan in 2024 - Putin |url=https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/93857/ |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=interfax.com |archive-date=6 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906164100/https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/93857/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==Member states==

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" 
|-
!class="unsortable"| Flag !! Country<br /> !! Capital<br /> !! Area<br /><small>(km<sup>2</sup>)</small><br /> !! [[Earth:List of countries and dependencies by population|Population]]<br /><small>(2016)</small><br /> !! [[Earth:Population density|Density]]<br /><small>(/km<sup>2</sup>)</small><br /> !! GDP per cap.<br />(PPP)<ref name="GDP 2012">at purchasing power parity, per capita, in [[Finance:Geary–Khamis dollar|international dollars]] (rounded IMF 2012)</ref> !! HDI<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>at Human Development Index (New 2013 Estimates for 2012)</ref> !! [[Finance:List of circulating currencies|Currency]]<br /> !!class="unsortable"| Official languages !!class="unsortable"| Leaders !! Accession
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|30px|border]]|| '''{{wipe|Brazil}}'''<br />Federative Republic of Brazil || Brasília || align="right" | 8,515,767 || align="right" | 203,062,512 || align="right" | 23.8|| align="right" | {{Nts|20,079}}|| align="right" | {{Nts|0.754}}|| align="center" | Brazilian real (R$) <br />(BRL) || align="center" | [[Social:Portuguese language|Portuguese]] <br />also see Languages of Brazil|| Head of State: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva || September 2006
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|30px|border]]|| '''{{wipe|Russia}}'''<br />Russian Federation || Moscow || align="right" | 17,075,400 || align="right" | 146,519,759 || align="right" | 8.3|| align="right" | {{Nts|35,310}}|| align="right" | {{Nts|0.798}}|| align="center" | Russian rouble (₽) <br />(RUB) || align="center" | Russian <br />also see [[Social:Languages of Russia|Languages of Russia]]|| Head of State: Vladimir Putin<br />Head of Government: Mikhail Mishustin|| September 2006
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Flag of India.svg|30px|border]]||'''{{wipe|India}}'''<br />Republic of India ||New Delhi|| align="right" | 3,287,240 || align="right" | 1,284,480,000 || align="right" | 364.4|| align="right" |{{Nts|9,183}}|| align="right" |{{Nts|0.640}}|| align="center" |Indian rupee (₹) <br />(INR) || align="center" |Hindi (Devanagari script)<br />[[Social:English language|English]]<br />Also see Languages of India|| Head of State: Droupadi Murmu<br />Head of Government: Narendra Modi|| September 2006
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|30px|border]]|| '''{{wipe|China}}'''{{efn|The sovereignty of China is disputed. Since the conclusion of the Chinese Civil War, the Republic of China on Taiwan still views itself as the continuation of the former Chinese republic, with legitimate sovereignty over mainland China despite no actual control. See: Political status of Taiwan, Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan, Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China, Two Chinas, One-China policy, and Cross-strait relations.}}<br />People's Republic of China || Beijing|| align="right" | 9,640,011{{efn|The actual area under PRC control is 9,596,960.}}|| align="right" | 1,374,820,000|| align="right" | 139.6 || align="right" | {{Nts|23,309}}|| align="right" | {{Nts|0.727}}|| align="center" | Renminbi (Chinese yuan, ¥)<br />(CNY) || align="center" | Standard Chinese<ref name="langlaw">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gov.cn/english/laws/2005-09/19/content_64906.htm |title=Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No.37) |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=24 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724204951/http://www.gov.cn/english/laws/2005-09/19/content_64906.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> <br />written in simplified characters<ref name="langlaw" /><br />see also languages of China|| Head of State: [[Biography:Xi Jinping|Xi Jinping]]<br />Head of Government: Li Qiang|| September 2006
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|30px|border]]|| '''{{wipe|South Africa}}'''<br />Republic of South Africa || Pretoria (executive)<br />Cape Town (legislative)<br />Bloemfontein (judicial) || align="right" | 1,221,037 || align="right" | 58,048,332 || align="right" | 42.4|| align="right" | {{Nts|16,211}}|| align="right" | {{Nts|0.713}}|| align="center" | [[Finance:South African rand|South African rand]] (R) <br />(ZAR) || align="center" | 12 languages|| Head of State: Cyril Ramaphosa || 24 December 2010
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Flag of Egypt.svg |30px|border]]|| '''Egypt'''<br /> Arab Republic of Egypt || Cairo|| align="right" |1,010,408 || align="right" | 105,231,000 || align="right" | 103.56 || align="right" | {{Nts|17,123}}|| align="right" | {{Nts|0.731}}|| align="center" | Egyptian pound (LE)<br/>(EGP)|| align="center" |[[Social:Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]]||Head of State: Abdel Fattah el-Sisi<br />Head of Government: Moustafa Madbouly|| 1 January 2024
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg |30px|border]]|| '''Ethiopia'''<br /> Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia || Addis Ababa|| align="right" |1,104,300 || align="right" | 105,163,988 || align="right" | 92.7 || align="right" | {{Nts|3,719}}|| align="right" | {{Nts|0.498}}|| align="center" | Ethiopian birr (BR)<br/>(ETB)|| align="center" |Afar<br />Amharic<br />Oromo<br />Somali<br />Tigrinya||Head of State: Sahle-Work Zewde<br />Head of Government: [[Biography:Abiy Ahmed|Abiy Ahmed]]|| 1 January 2024
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Flag of Iran.svg |30px|border]]|| '''Iran'''<br /> Islamic Republic of Iran || Tehran|| align="right" |1,648,195 || align="right" | 79,011,700 || align="right" | 48.0 || align="right" | {{Nts|19,942}}|| align="right" | {{Nts|0.766}}|| align="center" | Iranian rial (Rl) <br />(IRR)|| align="center" |Persian||[[Social:Supreme Leader of Iran|Head of State]]: Ali Khamenei<br />Head of Government: Ebrahim Raisi|| 1 January 2024
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg |30px|border]]||'''Saudi Arabia'''<br /> Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|| Riyadh|| align="right"|2,149,690 || align="right" | 38,401,000 ||align="right" |15 || align="right" |{{Nts|67,019}}|| align="right" |{{Nts|0.875}}|| align="center" |Saudi riyal (SR) (SAR)|| align="center" |Arabic||Head of State: [[Biography:Salman of Saudi Arabia|Salman]]<br />Head of Government: Mohammed bin Salman|| 1 January 2024
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg |30px|border]]||'''United Arab Emirates'''||Abu Dhabi||align="right"|83,600||align="right"|9,282,410<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics by Subject |url=https://fcsc.gov.ae/en-us/Pages/Statistics/Statistics-by-Subject.aspx#/#/%2523/%2523/%253Ffolder=Demography%20and%20Social%252FPopulation%252FPopulation&subject=Demography%20and%20Social&subject=Demography%20and%20Social?folder=Demography%20and%20Social/Population/Population&subject=Demography%20and%20Social?folder=Demography%20and%20Social/Population/Population&subject=Demography%20and%20Social |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=fcsc.gov.ae}}</ref>|| align="right" |121||align="right"|{{Nts|88,962}}|| align="right" |{{Nts|0.911}}||align="center"|UAE dirham (AED)|| align="center" |[[Social:Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]]||Head of State: Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan<br />Head of Government: Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum|| 1 January 2024
|}

[[File:Map_of_BRICS_members_and_other_countries_which_are_either_joining,_had_applied_to_join,_or_had_expressed_an_interest_in_joining_BRICS-WITH_Antarctica.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Map key:
{{Legend|#0072B2|Member States}}
{{Legend|#E69F00|Applicant}}
{{Legend|#F0E442|Openly considering applying}}]]

=== Application and expansion process ===
While there is currently no formal application process to join BRICS, any hopeful government must receive the unanimous backing of all member states to receive an invitation. It was not until the early 2020s that discussions regarding allowing new states to join the club were widely held. Leaders and senior diplomats from the participating members began to discuss the prospect of adding additional members to the organization at that point.<ref name="Silk Road Briefing">{{cite news |last=Devonshire-Ellis |first=Chris |date=9 November 2022 |title=The New Candidate Countries For BRICS Expansion |work=Silk Road Briefing |url=https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2022/11/09/the-new-candidate-countries-for-brics-expansion/ |access-date=21 February 2023 |archive-date=17 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117205632/https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2022/11/09/the-new-candidate-countries-for-brics-expansion/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BRICS Expansion Dialogue">{{cite news |date=20 May 2022 |title=Wang Yi Chairs Dialogue of Foreign Ministers between BRICS and Emerging Markets and Developing Countries |work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People's Republic of China |url=https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/topics_665678/kjgzbdfyyq/202205/t20220520_10690435.html |access-date=21 February 2023 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415235040/https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/topics_665678/kjgzbdfyyq/202205/t20220520_10690435.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Anadolu Agency">{{cite news |last=Teslova |first=Elena |date=8 November 2022 |title=At least a dozen countries interested in joining BRICS: Russian foreign minister |work=Anadolu Agency |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/russia-ukraine-war/at-least-a-dozen-countries-interested-in-joining-brics-russian-foreign-minister/2732749 |access-date=21 February 2023 |archive-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116221958/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/russia-ukraine-war/at-least-a-dozen-countries-interested-in-joining-brics-russian-foreign-minister/2732749 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August 2023, at the 15th BRICS Summit, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa announced that {{wipe|Argentina}}, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates had been invited to join the organisation on 1 January 2024.<ref name=":3">{{cite news |date=24 August 2023 |last=Sharma |first=Shweta |title=Brics countries agree major expansion as 6 countries invited to join |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/brics-2023-summit-new-members-saudi-uae-iran-b2398553.html |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825032330/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/brics-2023-summit-new-members-saudi-uae-iran-b2398553.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite news |last1=du Plessis |first1=Carien |last2=Miridzhanian |first2=Anait |last3=Acharya |first3=Bhargav |date=24 August 2023 |title=BRICS welcomes new members in push to reshuffle world order |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/brics-poised-invite-new-members-join-bloc-sources-2023-08-24/ |access-date=25 August 2023 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825005541/https://www.reuters.com/world/brics-poised-invite-new-members-join-bloc-sources-2023-08-24/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 30 December 2023, the new government of Argentina, which formally submitted an application for BRICS membership under Alberto Fernández's government in 2022, officially declined the offer to join the bloc due to the new government's different foreign policy.<ref name=Argentinanot/><ref>{{cite news |title=Argentina formally rejects BRICS membership |url=https://www.dw.com/en/argentina-formally-rejects-brics-membership/a-67856848 |access-date=29 December 2023 |agency=DW {{!}} Deutsche Welle |date=29 December 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229215032/https://www.dw.com/en/argentina-formally-rejects-brics-membership/a-67856848 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 1 January 2024, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and the United Arab Emirates officially joined the bloc. Saudi Arabia officially joined on 31st January 2024<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-31/brics-gets-boost-as-saudi-arabia-joins-group-of-emerging-nations]</ref>.

===Countries that have applied for membership===
A total of 15 countries<ref name="Middle East Monitor">{{cite news|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230815-south-africa-8-arab-countries-request-to-join-brics/|title=South Africa: 8 Arab countries request to join BRICS|date=15 August 2023|work=Middle East Monitor|access-date=20 August 2023|archive-date=20 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820122743/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230815-south-africa-8-arab-countries-request-to-join-brics/|url-status=live}}</ref> have formally applied to join BRICS, listed as follows:<ref name="Prange 2023">{{cite web |last=Prange |first=Astrid |date=27 Mar 2023 |title=A new world order? BRICS nations offer alternative to West – DW – 04/10/2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/a-new-world-order-brics-nations-offer-alternative-to-west/a-65124269 |access-date=24 Aug 2023 |website=dw.com |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824014359/https://www.dw.com/en/a-new-world-order-brics-nations-offer-alternative-to-west/a-65124269 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{|style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
* {{Flag|Algeria}}<ref name="Anadolu Agency"/> <sup>2</sup>
* {{Flag|Bahrain}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2023 |title=Delegated by HRH the Crown Prince and Prime Minister, Foreign Minister attends BRICS Summit |url=https://www.bna.bh/en/DelegatedbyHRHtheCrownPrinceandPrimeMinisterForeignMinisterattendsBRICSSummit.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDoKvuIIvEuMNjSehtVvlTt8%3D |access-date=January 30, 2024 |website=Bahrain News Agency}}</ref><sup>1</sup>
* {{Flag|Bangladesh}}<ref name="Bangladesh Formally Applies To Join BRICS">{{cite news |last1=Devonshire-Ellis |first1=Chris |title=Bangladesh Formally Applies To Join BRICS |url=https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2023/06/20/bangladesh-formally-applies-to-join-brics |access-date=22 June 2023 |agency=Silk Road Briefing |date=20 June 2023 |archive-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621162547/https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2023/06/20/bangladesh-formally-applies-to-join-brics/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <sup>1</sup>
* {{Flag|Belarus}}<ref name="Belarus says it has applied to join BRICS club - Russian RIA agency">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/belarus-says-it-has-applied-join-brics-club-russian-ria-agency-2023-07-25/|title=Belarus says it has applied to join BRICS club, RIA reports|newspaper=Reuters|date=25 July 2023|via=www.reuters.com|access-date=26 July 2023|archive-date=26 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726104908/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/belarus-says-it-has-applied-join-brics-club-russian-ria-agency-2023-07-25/|url-status=live}}</ref> <sup>1</sup>
* {{Flag|Bolivia}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/bolivia-president-attend-brics-summit-bid-new-investment-2023-07-31/|title=Bolivia president to attend BRICS summit in bid for new investment|last=Ramos|first=Daniel|newspaper=Reuters|date=31 July 2023|via=www.reuters.com|access-date=13 August 2023|archive-date=3 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803094802/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/bolivia-president-attend-brics-summit-bid-new-investment-2023-07-31/|url-status=live}}</ref> <sup>1</sup>
|valign="top"|
* {{Flag|Cuba}}<sup>1</sup>
* {{Flag|Kazakhstan}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://astanatimes.com/2023/06/kazakhstan-seeks-to-join-brics-and-enhance-trade-and-economic-cooperation/|title=Kazakhstan Seeks to Join BRICS and Enhance Trade and Economic Cooperation|last=Omirgazy|first=Dana|date=5 June 2023|work=Astana Times|access-date=4 July 2023|archive-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704072628/https://astanatimes.com/2023/06/kazakhstan-seeks-to-join-brics-and-enhance-trade-and-economic-cooperation/|url-status=live}}</ref> <sup>1</sup>
* {{Flag|Kuwait}}<sup>1</sup>
* {{Flag|Pakistan}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Abid |title=Pakistan seeks BRICS membership, despite India roadblock |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/24/pakistan-seeks-brics-membership-despite-india-roadblock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110023645/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/24/pakistan-seeks-brics-membership-despite-india-roadblock |archive-date=2024-01-10 |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> <sup>1</sup>
* {{Flag|Palestine}}<sup>1</sup>
|valign="top"|
* {{Flag|Senegal}}<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/wjbz_663308/activities_663312/202205/t20220520_10690435.html|title=Wang Yi Chairs Dialogue of Foreign Ministers between BRICS and Emerging Markets and Developing Countries|date=June 2023|access-date=4 July 2023|archive-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704072628/https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/wjbz_663308/activities_663312/202205/t20220520_10690435.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <sup>1</sup>
* {{Flag|Thailand}}<ref name="auto"/>
* {{Flag|Venezuela}}<sup>1</sup>
* {{Flag|Vietnam}}<sup>1</sup>
* {{Flag|Nigeria}}<ref name="Middle East Monitor"/> <sup>1</sup>
|}

<sub>1 - Applied in 2023.</sub><br/>
<sub>2 - Applied in 2022, Expected to join in 2nd expansion round.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mntambo |first=Nokukhanya |date=26 August 2023 |title=Algeria likely to be among second batch of countries to join BRICS - Godongwana |url=https://ewn.co.za/2023/08/26/algeria-likely-to-be-among-second-batch-of-countries-to-join-brics-godongwana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827071701/https://ewn.co.za/2023/08/26/algeria-likely-to-be-among-second-batch-of-countries-to-join-brics-godongwana |archive-date=27 August 2023 |access-date=14 September 2023 |website=Eyewitness News |language=en}}</ref></sub>

=== Potential candidates ===
In addtion, the following countries have expressed interest in joining BRICS:<ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2022 |title=Emerging Markets Rush To Join BRICS Alliance As High Energy Prices Persist |url=https://oilprice.com/Geopolitics/International/Emerging-Markets-Rush-To-Join-BRICS-Alliance-As-High-Energy-Prices-Persist.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |publisher=Clarin |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009114513/https://oilprice.com/Geopolitics/International/Emerging-Markets-Rush-To-Join-BRICS-Alliance-As-High-Energy-Prices-Persist.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

{|style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
* {{Flag|Afghanistan}}<ref name="Silk Road Briefing" />
* {{Flag|Angola}}<ref>{{cite news |date=June 2023 |title=Angola: Foreign minister warns of challenges to join BRICS |url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/angola-foreign-minister-warns-of-challenges-to-join-brics/ |access-date=6 July 2023 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162606/https://clubofmozambique.com/news/angola-foreign-minister-warns-of-challenges-to-join-brics/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Comoros}}
* {{Flag|DR Congo}}
* {{Flag|Gabon}}
* {{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Roelf |first=Wendell |date=3 June 2023 |title=BRICS meet with 'friends' seeking closer ties amid push to expand bloc |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/brics-meet-with-friends-seeking-closer-ties-amid-push-expand-bloc-2023-06-02/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629185700/https://www.reuters.com/world/brics-meet-with-friends-seeking-closer-ties-amid-push-expand-bloc-2023-06-02/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|valign="top"|
* {{Flag|Libya}}
* {{Flag|Myanmar}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/myanmars-crisis-the-world/myanmar-junta-eyeing-brics-membership-as-sanctions-bite.html|title=Myanmar Junta Eyeing BRICS Membership as Sanctions Bite|first=The|last=Irrawaddy|date=6 September 2023|access-date=16 September 2023|archive-date=16 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916112413/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/myanmars-crisis-the-world/myanmar-junta-eyeing-brics-membership-as-sanctions-bite.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Nicaragua}}<ref>{{cite news |date=June 2023 |title=Nicaragua Interested in Joining BRICS to Promote Multipolar World, Unity - Top Diplomat |url=https://mhnews.pk/nicaragua-interested-in-joining-brics-to-promote-multipolar-world-unity-top-diplomat/ |access-date=6 July 2023 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707161513/https://mhnews.pk/nicaragua-interested-in-joining-brics-to-promote-multipolar-world-unity-top-diplomat/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{Flag|South Sudan}}
* {{Flag|Sudan}}
* {{Flag|Syria}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sh |date=2023-06-20 |title=Finance Minister: Syria Intends to Join BRICS |url=https://syrianobserver.com/news/83615/finance-minister-syria-intends-to-join-brics.html |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=The Syrian Observer}}</ref>
|valign="top"|
* {{Flag|Tunisia}}
* {{Flag|Turkey}}
* {{Flag|Somalia}}
* {{Flag|Uganda}}
* {{Flag|Zimbabwe}}
|}

==Financial architecture==
[[File:Shanghai skyline waterfront pudong 5166168 69 70.jpg|right|thumb|The New Development Bank (NDB) is based in Shanghai.]]
[[File:Signing of documents at 6th BRICS Summit.jpeg|right|thumb|The New Development Bank (NDB) and Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) were signed into treaty at the 2014 BRICS summit in {{wipe|Brazil}}.]]
[[File:NDB-Chart-BRICS.png|thumb|right|Equal distribution of shares between the shareholders of the NDB]]

The financial architecture of BRICS is made of the [[Organization:New Development Bank|New Development Bank]] (NDB) and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA). These components were signed into treaty in 2014 and became active in 2015.

===New Development Bank===

{{Further|Organization:New Development Bank}}

The New Development Bank (NDB), formally referred to as the BRICS Development Bank,<ref name="headq">
[http://indiasnaps.com/brics-bank-to-be-headquartered-in-shanghai-india-to-hold-presidency/ "BRICS Bank to be headquartered in Shanghai, India to hold presidency"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062235/http://indiasnaps.com/brics-bank-to-be-headquartered-in-shanghai-india-to-hold-presidency/ |date=12 August 2014 }}  . Indiasnaps.com. 16 July 2014
</ref> is a multilateral development bank operated by the five BRICS states. The bank's primary focus of lending is infrastructure projects<ref name="allabout">
{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/07/17/what-the-new-bank-of-brics-is-all-about/|title=What the new bank of BRICS is all about|date=17 July 2014|newspaper=The Washington Post|first1=Raj M.|last1=Desai|first2=James Raymond|last2=Vreeland|access-date=20 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717190437/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/07/17/what-the-new-bank-of-brics-is-all-about/|archive-date=17 July 2014|url-status=live}}
</ref><ref name="hpos">
{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/parag-khanna/new-brics-bank_b_5600027.html|title=New BRICS Bank a Building Block of Alternative World Order|date=18 July 2014|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=20 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719184109/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/parag-khanna/new-brics-bank_b_5600027.html|archive-date=19 July 2014|url-status=live}}
</ref> with authorized lending of up to $34&nbsp;billion annually.<ref name="hpos"/> South Africa hosts the African headquarters of the bank.<ref name="bill">{{cite news |url = http://in.rbth.com/world/2014/07/16/brics_countries_launch_100_billion_developmental_bank_currency_pool_36733.html |title =BRICS countries launch $100 billion developmental bank, currency pool |date= 16 July 2014 |publisher = Russia & India Report |access-date =20 July 2014}}</ref> The bank has a starting capital of $50&nbsp;billion, with wealth increased to $100&nbsp;billion over time.<ref name="ready">{{cite news |url = http://in.rbth.com/economics/2014/07/10/brics_bank_ready_for_launch_-_russian_finance_minister_36599.html |title=BRICS Bank ready for launch – Russian Finance Minister |date= 10 July 2014|publisher= Russia & India Report |access-date=20 July 2014}}</ref> Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa initially contributed $10&nbsp;billion each to bring the total to $50&nbsp;billion.<ref name="bill" /><ref name="ready" /> As of 2020, it had 53 projects under way worth around $15&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://www.ndb.int/about-us/essence/history/|access-date=9 November 2020|website=New Development Bank|language=en-US|archive-date=1 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201122225/https://www.ndb.int/about-us/essence/history/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2021, Bangladesh, [[Place:Egypt|Egypt]], the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]] and Uruguay joined the NDB.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/brics-development-bank-admits-uae-bangladesh-uruguay-new-members-2021-09-02/|title=BRICS development bank admits UAE, Bangladesh, Uruguay as new members|newspaper=Reuters|date=2 September 2021|via=www.reuters.com|access-date=12 March 2022|archive-date=12 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312064641/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/brics-development-bank-admits-uae-bangladesh-uruguay-new-members-2021-09-02/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement ===

{{Further|Organization:BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement}}

The BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) is a framework for providing protection against global liquidity pressures.<ref name="allabout"/><ref name="ready"/><ref name="rics">{{cite news|url=http://in.rbth.com/world/2014/07/17/brics_currency_fund_to_protect_members_from_volatility_-_russias_top_ba_36767.html|title=BRICS currency fund to protect members from volatility – Russia's top banker|date= 17 July 2014|publisher= Russia & India Report|access-date=20 July 2014}}</ref> This includes currency issues where members' national currencies are being adversely affected by global financial pressures.<ref name="allabout"/><ref name="rics"/> Emerging economies that experienced rapid economic liberalization went through increased economic volatility, bringing an uncertain macroeconomic environment.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1080/10220461.2015.1069208|title = The rationale for and potential role of the BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement| journal=South African Journal of International Affairs| volume=22| issue=3| pages=307–324|year = 2015|last1 = Biziwick|first1 = Mayamiko| last2=Cattaneo| first2=Nicolette| last3=Fryer| first3=David|s2cid = 153695521}}</ref> The CRA competes with the [[Organization:International Monetary Fund|International Monetary Fund]] (IMF). Along with the [[Organization:New Development Bank|New Development Bank]], it is an example of increasing South-South cooperation.<ref name="allabout"/> It was established in 2015 by the BRICS countries. The legal basis is formed by the ''Treaty for the Establishment of a BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement'', signed in Fortaleza in July 2014. With its inaugural meetings of the BRICS CRA Governing Council and Standing Committee, held on 4 September 2015, in Ankara, Turkey<ref>
[http://www.cbr.ru/eng/press/pr.aspx?file=04092015_185039eng2015-09-04T18_46_05.htm On the BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) Governing Council and Standing Committee inaugural meetings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002172250/http://www.cbr.ru/eng/press/pr.aspx?file=04092015_185039eng2015-09-04T18_46_05.htm |date=2 October 2016 }}  4 September 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2016
</ref> it entered into force upon ratification by all BRICS states, announced at the 7th BRICS summit in July 2015.

===BRICS payment system===

At the 2015 BRICS summit in Russia, ministers from the BRICS states initiated consultations for a payment system that would be an alternative to the [[Company:SWIFT|SWIFT]] system. The stated goal was to initially move to settlements in national currencies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://haryana.pscnotes.com/international/dmpq-brics-payment-system/|title=DMPQ- BRICS payment system|date=27 May 2019|access-date=16 March 2022|archive-date=21 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121080257/https://haryana.pscnotes.com/international/dmpq-brics-payment-system/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Central Bank of Russia highlighted the main benefits as [[Backup|backup]] and redundancy in case there were disruptions to the SWIFT system.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://in.rbth.com/economics/2015/06/01/russia_offers_to_discuss_brics_prototype_of_swift_global_system_43421 |title=Russia offers to discuss BRICS prototype of SWIFT global system |work=Russia & India Report |date=1 June 2015 |access-date=26 March 2016}}</ref>

China also launched its own alternative to SWIFT: the [[Company:Cross-Border Interbank Payment System|Cross-Border Interbank Payment System]], which enables [[Finance:Financial institution|financial institution]]s worldwide to send and receive information about financial transactions.<ref name="Reuters1">

=== Potential common currency ===
BRICS countries committed to study the feasibility of a new [[Finance:Currency union|common currency]] or similar, at the 2023 BRICS summit in South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=BRICS to discuss common currency plan during the summit, says South African Foreign Minister |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/currency/brics-to-discuss-common-currency-plan-south-african-foreign-minister-china-india-russia-16621991.htm |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512224525/https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/currency/brics-to-discuss-common-currency-plan-south-african-foreign-minister-china-india-russia-16621991.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lula confirma criação de uma moeda comum dos Brics para facilitar trocas comerciais |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/economia/lula-confirma-criacao-de-uma-moeda-comum-do-brics-para-facilitar-trocas-comerciais/ |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=CNN Brasil |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826153934/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/economia/lula-confirma-criacao-de-uma-moeda-comum-do-brics-para-facilitar-trocas-comerciais/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BRICS summit: Leaders eye expansion, common currency – DW – 08/23/2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/brics-summit-leaders-eye-expansion-common-currency/live-66606155 |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=dw.com |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826153934/https://www.dw.com/en/brics-summit-leaders-eye-expansion-common-currency/live-66606155 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fair and easier [[Finance:International trade|international trade]] as well as a major reduction in [[Finance:Transaction cost|costs of transactions]] would be some of the reasons why the countries could forge a currency union.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Common Currency on Agenda for South African BRICS Summit |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/common-currency-on-agenda-for-south-african-brics-summit/7090756.html |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=VOA |date=12 May 2023 |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512224523/https://www.voanews.com/a/common-currency-on-agenda-for-south-african-brics-summit/7090756.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Reception==
[[File:14 11 2019 Diálogo dos Líderes com o Conselho Empresarial do BRICS e o Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento (49066644892).jpg|thumb|right|The five leaders of BRICS in Brasília, {{wipe|Brazil}}, in 2019]]
[[File:14 11 2019 Almoço oferecido aos Líderes do BRICS (49066061897).jpg|thumb|right|Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro welcoming the BRICS leaders]]

In 2012, Hu Jintao, the then General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and President of China, described the BRICS countries as defenders and promoters of developing countries and a force for world peace.<ref name="BRICS Peace Defender">
{{cite web|title=Brics a force for world peace, says China|url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=168422|website=Business Day|date=8 August 2012|access-date=9 November 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130422020755/http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=168422|archive-date=22 April 2013|url-status=live}}
</ref> Western analysts have highlighted potential divisions and weaknesses in the grouping, including significant economic instabilities,<ref>
{{cite journal|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138219/ruchir-sharma/broken-brics|title=Broken BRICs: Why the Rest Stopped Rising|issue=November/December 2012|journal=Foreign Affairs|date=November–December 2012|access-date=19 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220021001/http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138219/ruchir-sharma/broken-brics|archive-date=20 December 2012|url-status=live |last1=Sharma |first1=Ruchir }}
</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-24/china-loses-control-of-its-frankenstein-economy.html |title=China Loses Control of Its Frankenstein Economy |publisher=Bloomberg |date=24 June 2013 |access-date=25 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104194221/http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-24/china-loses-control-of-its-frankenstein-economy.html |archive-date=4 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>
{{cite news|url=http://news.investors.com/investing-international-leaders/062613-661520-brazil-stocks-in-bear-market.htm|title=Brazil Stocks In Bear Market As Economy Struggles|newspaper=Investor's Business Daily|publisher=Investors.com|date=26 June 2013|access-date=29 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109023642/http://news.investors.com/investing-international-leaders/062613-661520-brazil-stocks-in-bear-market.htm|archive-date=9 November 2013|url-status=live}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21582256-emerging-market-slowdown-not-beginning-bust-it-turning-point|title=Emerging economies: The Great Deceleration|newspaper=The Economist|date=27 July 2013|access-date=27 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726184521/http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21582256-emerging-market-slowdown-not-beginning-bust-it-turning-point|archive-date=26 July 2013|url-status=live}}
</ref> disagreements among the members over the UN Security Council reform,<ref>
[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/30/world/asia/brics-leaders-fail-to-create-rival-to-world-bank.html?_r=1 "BRICS Leaders Fail to Create Rival to World Bank"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904205816/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/30/world/asia/brics-leaders-fail-to-create-rival-to-world-bank.html?_r=1 |date=4 September 2017 }} . ''{{wipe|The New York Times}}''. 29 March 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
</ref> and India and China's disputes<ref>
{{Cite journal|last=Global|first=IndraStra|title=EXCERPT {{!}} A Test of China–India Cooperative Dynamics within the BRICS Framework|url=http://www.indrastra.com/2017/04/EXCERPT-Test-of-China-India-Cooperative-Dynamics-BRICS-003-04-2017-0005.html|journal=IndraStra|issn=2381-3652|access-date=4 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424175857/http://www.indrastra.com/2017/04/EXCERPT-Test-of-China-India-Cooperative-Dynamics-BRICS-003-04-2017-0005.html|archive-date=24 April 2017|url-status=live}}
</ref> over territorial issues.<ref name=highwall>{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/ND03Dj01.html |title=Brics summit exposes the high wall between India and China |work=Daily Maverick |via=Asia Times |author=Khadija Patel |date=3 April 2012 |access-date=10 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402171026/http://atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/ND03Dj01.html |archive-date=2 April 2012 |url-status=unfit}}</ref>

On 9 April 2013, Isobel Coleman, director of the Civil Society, Markets, and Democracy Program at the American think tank [[Organization:Council on Foreign Relations|Council on Foreign Relations]], and later U.S. representative to the UN, claimed that the BRICS members share a lack of consensus. They uphold drastically different political systems, from a vibrant democracy in Brazil to entrenched [[Philosophy:Oligarchy|oligarchy]] in Russia, and their economies are little integrated and are different in size by orders of magnitude. She also claimed that the significant difference in GDP influences the reserves: China accounts for over 41% of the contribution, which in turn leads to its bigger political say within the association.<ref>
{{cite web|last1=Coleman|first1=Isobel|title=Ten Questions for the New BRICS Bank|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/04/09/ten-questions-for-the-new-brics-bank/|website=Foreign Policy|date=9 April 2013 |access-date=24 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002050021/http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/04/09/ten-questions-for-the-new-brics-bank/|archive-date=2 October 2016|url-status=live}}
</ref>

In 2014, the Indian Marxist author Vijay Prashad raised the limitations of the BRICS as a political and economic "locomotive of the South" because they follow [[Social:Neoliberalism|neoliberal policies]]. They have established neither new counter-balancing institutions nor come up with an alternative ideology. Furthermore, the BRICS project, argues Prashad, has no ability to challenge the primacy of the United States and NATO.<ref>Prashad, Vijay 2014. ''The Poorer Nations: A Possible History of the Global South''. Verso. p10-11</ref>

After the 2023 BRICS Summit, Con Coughlin, defence and foreign affairs editor at ''The Daily Telegraph'', claimed "the challenge BRICS presents to the established world order seems destined to failure" and accused the organization of being used by China as a vehicle for expanding its global influence. Coughlin also noted the contradictions within the organization, such as the border dispute between China and India, and called for greater Western engagement with India as part of a new strategic alliance.<ref name="Coughlin"/>

A multi-year study at [[Organization:Tufts University|Tufts University]] found that the "common portrayal of BRICS as a China-dominated group primarily pursuing anti-U.S. agendas is misplaced ... The BRICS countries connect around common development interests and a quest for a multipolar world order in which no single power dominates. Yet BRICS consolidation has turned the group into a potent negotiation force that now challenges Washington's geopolitical and economic goals".<ref>{{cite web |last1=O'Donnell |first1=Frank |last2=Papa |first2=Mihaela |last3=Han |first3=Zhen |title=As BRICS cooperation accelerates, is it time for the US to develop a BRICS policy? |url=https://theconversation.com/as-brics-cooperation-accelerates-is-it-time-for-the-us-to-develop-a-brics-policy-210021 |website=The Conversation |access-date=15 September 2023 |language=en |date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927115736/https://theconversation.com/as-brics-cooperation-accelerates-is-it-time-for-the-us-to-develop-a-brics-policy-210021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to Thomas Hill, Atlantic Council, the [[Finance:Dedollarisation|de-dollarization]] efforts within BRICS, particularly in North Africa, present a significant challenge to US interests. The inclusion of Egypt and the enthusiasm in Algiers and Tunis suggest that North African states may actively support BRICS's priority of de-dollarization. This poses a threat to the US, as a coordinated de-dollarization effort in the region could diminish American influence and impact existing trade agreements. The expansion of BRICS raises concerns for US policymakers, given the group's commitment to global de-dollarization, which aims to replace the dollar with the "R5" or “the renminbi, ruble, rupee, real, and rand”, or with other multilateral [[Finance:Central bank digital currency|central bank digital currency (CBDC)]] as the new global currency. This shift could limit the US ability to run deficits and maintain low interest rates. Moreover, de-dollarization would undermine the effectiveness of US sanctions, relying on the [[Company:SWIFT|SWIFT]] system, as BRICS seeks alternative financial systems, potentially making SWIFT obsolete.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dagres |first=Holly |date=2023-12-14 |title=China's de-dollarization message finds a receptive audience in North Africa |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/china-dedollarization-north-africa/ |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US |archive-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107164940/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/china-dedollarization-north-africa/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== BRICS Pro Tempore Presidency==
The group at each summit elects one of the heads of state of the component countries to serve as President Pro Tempore of the BRICS.<br/>
In 2019, the pro tempore presidency was held by the president of Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://brics.itamaraty.gov.br/images/CALENDARIOPRESIDENCIAAFRICANA.pdf |title=CALENDAR OF MEETINGS/EVENTS FOR SOUTH AFRICA'S 2018 BRICS CHAIRSHIP |access-date=30 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730203248/http://brics.itamaraty.gov.br/images/CALENDARIOPRESIDENCIAAFRICANA.pdf |archive-date=30 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The theme of the 11th BRICS summit was "BRICS: economic growth for an innovative future", and the priorities of the Brazilian Pro Tempore Presidency for 2019 are the following – Strengthening of the cooperation in Science, technology and innovation; Enhancement of the cooperation on digital economy; Invigoration of the cooperation on the fight against transnational crime, especially against organized crime, money laundering and drug trafficking; Encouragement to the rapprochement between the New Development Bank (NDB) and the BRICS Business Council.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://brics2019.itamaraty.gov.br/en/2019-brazilian-presidency/theme-and-priorities|title=BRICS BRASIL 2019 – Theme and priorities|website=brics2019.itamaraty.gov.br|access-date=26 July 2019|archive-date=28 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828170201/http://brics2019.itamaraty.gov.br/en/2019-brazilian-presidency/theme-and-priorities|url-status=dead}}</ref><br/>
Currently the new President Pro Tempore is Russia and their goals are: investing into BRICS countries in order to strengthen everyone's economies, cooperating in the energy and environmental industries, helping with young children and coming up with resolutions on migration and peacekeeping.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BRICS information portal|url=http://infobrics.org/|access-date=26 October 2020|website=BRICS|language=en|archive-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322122341/http://infobrics.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Current leaders==
Current leading highest state representatives:<!--There's not encyclopaedic consistency on heads of state, government or saudi's de-facto head-->
{| class=wikitable
|-
! Member
!{{flagcountry|Brazil}} 
!{{flagcountry|Russia}} 
!{{flagcountry|India}}
!{{flagcountry|China}}
!{{flagcountry|South Africa}}
|-
! Image
| [[File:Foto oficial de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (rosto).jpg|150px]]
| [[File:Владимир Путин (18-06-2023) (cropped).jpg|200x200px]]
| [[File:Official Photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Potrait.png|150px]]
| [[File:Xi Jinping at the APEC summit (2022).jpg|150px]]
| [[File:Prime Minister Sunak met with President Ramaphosa of South Africa in Number 10 - 2022 (cropped).jpg|150px]]
|-
! Name
| Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|| Vladimir Putin|| Narendra Modi
| [[Biography:Xi Jinping|Xi Jinping]]|| Cyril Ramaphosa
|-
! Posi&shy;tion
| President of Brazil|| President of Russia|| Prime Minister of India
| President of China|| President of South Africa
|}

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Member
!{{flagcountry|Egypt}}
!{{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}
!{{flagcountry|Iran}}
!{{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}
|-
! Image
| [[File:AbdelFattah Elsisi.jpg|center|150px]]
| [[File:Sergio Mattarella and Abiy Ahmed Ali (2) (cropped).jpg|150px]]
| [[File:2022 Ebrahim Raisi.jpg|150px]]
| [[File:Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan - 2021 (51683733605) (cropped).jpg|225x225px]]
|-
! Name
| Abdel Fattah el-Sisi|| [[Biography:Abiy Ahmed|Abiy Ahmed]]|| Ebrahim Raisi
| Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|-
! Posi&shy;tion
| President of Egypt|| Prime Minister of Ethiopia|| President of Iran
| President of the United Arab Emirates
|}

==See also==
* {{annotated link|Organization:Belt and Road Initiative}}
* {{annotated link|Finance:Developing country}}
* {{annotated link|East–West dichotomy}}
* {{annotated link|Finance:List of country groupings}}
* {{annotated link|Finance:List of multilateral free-trade agreements}}
* {{annotated link|Organization:MIKTA}}
* {{annotated link|Unsolved:Potential superpowers}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://infobrics.org/ BRICS information portal]
* [https://brics2021.gov.in/ BRICS India 2021]
* [http://brics2022.mfa.gov.cn/eng/ BRICS China 2022]
* [https://brics2023.gov.za/ BRICS South Africa 2023]
* [https://www.ipea.gov.br/forumbrics/en/learn-about-brics.html Learn about BRICS] - [[Organization:Institute of Applied Economic Research|Institute of Applied Economic Research]]

{{Navboxes
|title = Articles related to BRICS
|list =
{{South-South}}
}}

[[Category:Economic country classifications]]
[[Category:International political organizations]]
[[Category:International economic organizations]]

{{Sourceattribution|BRICS}}