View source for Physics:List of atomic clocks

This is a list of some experimental laboratory [[Engineering:Atomic clock|atomic clock]]s worldwide.

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Name
! Operation date
! Type
! Accuracy
! Location
! Image
|-
| CS1<ref>{{cite web|title=Seit wann läuft die erste Atomuhr in der PTB?|work=Themenrundgänge / Fragen zur Zeit|publisher=Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt|url=http://www.ptb.de/cms/themenrundgaenge/wegweiser/fragenzurzeit/fragenzurzeit11.html|accessdate=2013-02-04|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127215018/http://www.ptb.de/cms/themenrundgaenge/wegweiser/fragenzurzeit/fragenzurzeit11.html|archivedate=2012-11-27}}</ref>
| 1969
| Cs
| {{val|7|e=-15}}
| {{unbulleted list|Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt|Braunschweig, {{DEU}}}}
| 
|-
| CS2<ref>{{cite web|title=Seit wann läuft die erste Atomuhr in der PTB?|work=Themenrundgänge / Fragen zur Zeit|publisher=Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt|url=http://www.ptb.de/cms/themenrundgaenge/wegweiser/fragenzurzeit/fragenzurzeit11.html|accessdate=2013-02-04|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127215018/http://www.ptb.de/cms/themenrundgaenge/wegweiser/fragenzurzeit/fragenzurzeit11.html|archivedate=2012-11-27}}</ref>
| 1985
| Cs
| {{val|1.2|e=-14}}
| {{unbulleted list|Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt|Braunschweig, {{DEU}}}}
| [[File:Atomuhr-CS2.jpg|100px]]
|-
| CS3
| 1988
| Cs
| 
| {{unbulleted list|Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt|Braunschweig, {{DEU}}}}
| 
|-
| CS4
| 1992-2005
| Cs
| 
| {{unbulleted list|Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt|Braunschweig, {{DEU}}}}
| [[File:Braunschweig PTB-Atomuhr CS 4 (2012).jpg|100x100px]]
|-
| CSF1<ref>{{cite web|title=Seit wann läuft die erste Atomuhr in der PTB?|work=Themenrundgänge / Fragen zur Zeit|publisher=Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt|url=http://www.ptb.de/cms/themenrundgaenge/wegweiser/fragenzurzeit/fragenzurzeit11.html|accessdate=2013-02-04|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127215018/http://www.ptb.de/cms/themenrundgaenge/wegweiser/fragenzurzeit/fragenzurzeit11.html|archivedate=2012-11-27}}</ref>
| 1999
| Cs fountain
| {{val|4|e=-16}}
| {{unbulleted list|Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt|Braunschweig, {{DEU}}}}
| 
|-
| CSF2<ref>{{cite web|title=Seit wann läuft die erste Atomuhr in der PTB?|work=Themenrundgänge / Fragen zur Zeit|publisher=Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt|url=http://www.ptb.de/cms/themenrundgaenge/wegweiser/fragenzurzeit/fragenzurzeit11.html|accessdate=2013-02-04|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127215018/http://www.ptb.de/cms/themenrundgaenge/wegweiser/fragenzurzeit/fragenzurzeit11.html|archivedate=2012-11-27}}</ref>
| 2009
| Cs fountain
| {{val|2|e=-16}}
| {{unbulleted list|Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt|Braunschweig, {{DEU}}}}
| 
|-
| FOCS
| 
| 
| 
| {{unbulleted list|[[Organization:Federal Institute of Metrology|Federal Institute of Metrology]]|Wabern, {{wipe|Switzerland}}}}
| [[File:FOCS-1.jpg|100px]]
|-
| NPL-CsF2, Yb+ and Sr+ ion clocks, Sr lattice clock, 4 hydrogen masers<ref>{{cite web|last=Palmer|first=Jason|title=UK's atomic clock 'is world's most accurate'|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14657002|accessdate=2013-03-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npl.co.uk/science-technology/time-frequency/research/|title= Research - Time and Frequency|accessdate=2015-06-12}}</ref>
| 
| 
| 
| {{unbulleted list|[[Organization:National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)|National Physical Laboratory]]|Teddington, [[Place:London|London]], {{UK}}}}
|
|-
| [[Physics:NIST-F1|NIST-F1]],<ref>{{cite web|title=A Brief History of Atomic Clocks at NIST|publisher=The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)|url=http://tf.nist.gov/cesium/atomichistory.htm|accessdate=2013-02-04}}</ref>
| 
| Cs fountain
| {{val|3.1|e=-16}}
| {{unbulleted list
 | [[Organization:National Institute of Standards and Technology|NIST Boulder Laboratories]]
 | Boulder, Colorado {{USA}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Newman|first=Michael E.|title=NIST-F1 Cesium Fountain Clock|work=NIST News|publisher=The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)|date=1999-12-29|url=https://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/n99-22.cfm|accessdate=2013-02-04}}</ref>
}}
| [[File:Atomic clocks.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Physics:NIST-F2|NIST-F2]]<ref>{{cite web|title=NIST Launches a New U.S. Time Standard: NIST-F2 Atomic Clock|publisher=The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)|url=https://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/nist-f2-atomic-clock-040314.cfm|accessdate=2016-02-09}}</ref>
| 
| Cs fountain
| {{val|1.1|e=-16}}
| {{unbulleted list
 | [[Organization:National Institute of Standards and Technology|NIST Boulder Laboratories]]
 | Boulder, Colorado {{USA}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Newman|first=Michael E.|title=NIST-F1 Cesium Fountain Clock|work=NIST News|publisher=The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)|date=1999-12-29|url=https://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/n99-22.cfm|accessdate=2013-02-04}}</ref>
}}
| [[File:NIST-F2 cesium fountain atomic clock.jpg|100x100px]]
|-
| USNO Alternate Master Clock
| 
| 
| 
| {{unbulleted list
 | {{wipe|Schriever Air Force Base}}
 | El Paso County, Colorado {{USA}}<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Naval Observatory Alternate Master Clock|publisher=U.S. Navy|url=http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/falcon.html|accessdate=2013-02-09}}</ref>
}}
| [[File:121205-F-CX842-001.jpg|100px]] [[File:Usno-amc.jpg|100px]]
|-
| WWV
| 
| 
| 
| {{unbulleted list
 | WWVB|Larimer County, Colorado {{USA}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Larimer County station helps set clocks |url=https://www.coloradoan.com/story/news/2015/03/06/larimer-county-station-helps-set-clocks/24527655/ |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=July 24, 2015 |website=Fort Collins Coloradoan |publisher=[[Company:Gannett Company|Gannett Company]] |access-date=August 27, 2018}}</ref>
}}
|
|-
| Department of Defense master clock
| 
| 
| 
| {{unbulleted list
 | United States Naval Observatory
 | [[Place:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] {{USA}}
}}
| [[File:Usno-mc.jpg|100px]]
|-
| 18 cesium atomic clocks and 4 hydrogen maser clocks
| 
| Cs, H
| 
| {{unbulleted list
 | [[Organization:National Institute of Information and Communications Technology|National Institute of Information and Communications Technology]]
 | Koganei, {{JAP}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Mission of Japan Standard Time Group - Generation of Japan Standard Time (JST)|publisher=National Institute of Information and Communications Technology|url=http://jjy.nict.go.jp/mission/page2-e.html|accessdate=2013-03-05}}</ref>
}}
|
|-
| Optical lattice clock
| 
| 
| 
| {{unbulleted list
 | University of Tokyo
 | Bunkyō, [[Place:Tokyo|Tokyo]], {{JAP}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Motal|first=Julius|title=Japanese atomic clock is accurate to a 100 quadrillionth of a second|work=Geek.com|publisher=Ziff Davis, Inc.|date=2011-08-30|url=http://www.geek.com/articles/geek-cetera/japanese-atomic-clock-is-accurate-to-100-quadrillionth-of-a-second-20110830/|accessdate=2013-03-02|archive-date=2012-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614183703/http://www.geek.com/articles/geek-cetera/japanese-atomic-clock-is-accurate-to-100-quadrillionth-of-a-second-20110830/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Quantum Metrology Laboratory|publisher=RIKEN Advanced Science Institute|url=http://www.asi.riken.jp/en/laboratories/chieflabs/katori/index.html|accessdate=2013-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303112230/http://www.asi.riken.jp/en/laboratories/chieflabs/katori/index.html|archive-date=2013-03-03|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
|
|-
| NMIJ-F1, NMIJ-F2<ref>{{Citation|last=Takamizawa|first=A.|last2=Yanagimachi|first2=S.|last3=Shirakawa|first3=Y.|last4=Watabe|first4=K.|last5=Hagimoto|first5=K.|last6=Ikegami|first6=T.|title=Cesium Atomic Fountain Clocks at NMIJ|pages=321–328|work=Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting|url=http://www.pttimeeting.org/archivemeetings/2010papers/paper25.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428030714/http://www.pttimeeting.org/archivemeetings/2010papers/paper25.pdf|archivedate=2011-04-28}}</ref>
| 
| Cs fountain
| {{val|4.7|e=-16}}
| {{unbulleted list
 | National Metrology Institute of Japan
 | Tokyo, {{JAP}}
}}
|
|-
| Optical clock<ref>{{cite web|last=Wang|first=Yuanyuan|title=China unveils first optical clock|work=English News|publisher=Xinhuanet|date=2012-07-12|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-07/12/c_131711882.htm|accessdate=2013-02-04|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715070848/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-07/12/c_131711882.htm|archivedate=2012-07-15}}</ref>
| 2012
| Ca ion
| 
| {{unbulleted list
 | Hubei, {{CHN}}
}}
|
|-
| Caesium Beam Atomic Clock<ref>{{cite web|title=Caesium Beam Atomic Clock|publisher=The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region|url=http://www.weather.gov.hk/gts/time/Cs-atomicclock.htm|accessdate=2013-02-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=History of Hong Kong Time Service|publisher=The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region|url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/History_of_HK_Time_Service.htm|accessdate=2013-02-11}}</ref>
| 
| Cs
| 
| {{unbulleted list
 | [[Organization:Hong Kong Observatory|Hong Kong Observatory]]
 | Tsim Sha Tsui, [[Place:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] {{CHN}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Contact us|publisher=The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region|url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/contact.htm|accessdate=2013-02-11}}</ref>
}}
|
|-
| 9 Agilent 5071A caesium clocks<ref>{{cite web|title=Clocks and Time scales|publisher=National Time and Frequency Standard Laboratory|url= http://www.stdtime.gov.tw/english/index_b/b_1.htm|accessdate=2013-02-14}}</ref>
| 
| Cs
| {{val|5|e=-13}}
| {{unbulleted list
 | National Standard Time and Frequency Laboratory
 | Taoyuan, {{TWN}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Current activities of the National Standard Time and Frequency Laboratory of the Telecommunication Laboratories|url=http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/ptti/ptti2002/paper40.pdf|accessdate=2013-02-14|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217232509/http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/ptti/ptti2002/paper40.pdf|archivedate=2013-02-17}}</ref>
}}
|
|-
| KRISS-1<ref>{{cite web|title=Development of Korea's First Primary Frequency Standard, 'KRISS-1'|publisher=KRISS|url=http://www.kriss.re.kr/eng/file/4news.pdf|accessdate=2013-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Ho Seong|last2=Kwon|first2=Taeg Yong|last3=Park|first3=Sang Eon|last4=Choi|first4=Sang-Kyung|last5=Park|first5=Young-Ho|title=Research on Cesium Atomic Clocks at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science|journal=Journal of the Korean Physical Society|volume=45|issue=2|pages=256–272|date=August 2004|url=http://www.kps.or.kr/jkps/downloadPdf.asp?articleuid=%7BDD0D58EF-36A7-492E-9047-BBB38B43E895%7D|accessdate=2013-03-06|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043030/http://www.kps.or.kr/jkps/downloadPdf.asp?articleuid=%7BDD0D58EF-36A7-492E-9047-BBB38B43E895%7D|archivedate=2016-03-04}}</ref>
| 
| Cs
| {{val|1|e=-14}}
| {{unbulleted list
 | Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
 | Daejeon, {{KOR}}
}}
| [[File:Ytterbium Optical Lattice Clock.png|100px]]
|-
| Caesium atomic clocks<ref>{{cite web|title=About SST|publisher=National Metrology Centre|url=http://www.singaporestandardtime.org.sg/aboutsst.htm|accessdate=2013-03-01|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130418150839/http://www.singaporestandardtime.org.sg/aboutsst.htm|archivedate=2013-04-18}}</ref>
| 
| Cs
| 
| {{unbulleted list
 | National Metrology Centre
 | Queenstown, {{SGP}}
}}
|
|-
| Five caesium clocks, one passive hydrogen maser, two active hydrogen masers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Time and Frequency Metrology|work=CSIR-National Physical Laboratory|publisher=CSIR-National Physical Laboratory|url=https://www.nplindia.org/index.php/science-technology/indian-standard-time-metrology-division/time-and-frequency-metrology-section/|accessdate=2023-03-25}}</ref>
| 
| Cs, H
| 
| {{unbulleted list
 | [[Organization:National Physical Laboratory of India|National Physical Laboratory of India]]
 | [[Place:New Delhi|New Delhi]], {{IND}}
}}
|
|-
| DOST-[[Organization:PAGASA|PAGASA]] Juan Time<ref>{{cite web|title=With PST, "Filipino time" is now "on time"|publisher=Department of Science and Technology|url=http://www.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1045:with-pst-filipino-time-is-now-on-time&catid=1:latest&Itemid=150|accessdate=2014-06-07}}</ref>
| 
| 
| 
| {{unbulleted list
 | Department of Science and Technology
 | Taguig, {{PHL}}
}}
|
|-
| Caesium clocks, Hydrogen Maser <ref>{{cite web|title=Time Standard|publisher=Indonesian Institute of Sciences|url=http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/|accessdate=2016-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121032824/http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/|archive-date=2016-01-21|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 
| Cs
| 
| {{unbulleted list
 | Indonesian Institute of Sciences
 | [[Place:Jakarta|Jakarta]], {{IDN}}
}}
|
|-
| SOC: Space Optical Clock breadboard (Sr lattice clock)<ref>{{cite web|title=Space Optical Clock|publisher=Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf |url=http://www.soc2.eu |accessdate=2017-01-30}}</ref>
| 
| Sr lattice
| 
|{{unbulleted list|European Space Agency|[[Place:Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf]], Germany|Braunschweig, Germany|Birmingham, United Kingdom|[[Place:Paris|Paris]], {{wipe|France}}|[[Place:Florence|Florence]], Italy|[[Place:Turin|Turin]], Italy|[[Place:Prague|Prague]], [[Place:Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]}}
| [[File:Sr lattice breadboard for the SOC mission.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Physics:Deep Space Atomic Clock|Deep Space Atomic Clock]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4567|title=Deep Space Atomic Clock|work=NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory|publisher=NASA|date=27 April 2015|accessdate=2015-10-28 }}</ref>
| 2019-2021
| Hg ion
| 
| {{unbulleted list
 | [[Organization:Jet Propulsion Laboratory|Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
 | La Cañada Flintridge, California
 | {{USA}}
}}
|
|-
| Caesium atomic clocks<ref>{{cite web|title=Uruchomiono najdokładniejszy zegar atomowy w Polsce. Nie straci nawet sekundy przez 200 mln lat|publisher=wyborcza.pl |url=http://wyborcza.pl/7,75400,21304425,najdokladniejszy-zegar-atomowy-w-polsce-juz-dziala-po-200.html|accessdate=2018-03-24}}</ref>
| 
| Cs
| 
| {{unbulleted list
 | [[Astronomy:Borowiec Astrogeodynamic Observatory|Laboratorium Czasu i Częstotliwości]] (CBK PAN)
 | Borówiec, {{POL}}
}}
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Time measurement and standards}}

[[Category:Atomic clocks]]

{{Sourceattribution|List of atomic clocks}}