View source for Physics:List of quasiparticles

{{Short description|None}}
{{Incomplete list|date=November 2021}}
This is a '''list of [[Physics:Quasiparticle|quasiparticle]]s'''.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Quasiparticles
|-
! Quasiparticle
! Signification
! Underlying particles
|-
| [[Anyon]]
| A type of quasiparticle that occurs only in two-dimensional systems, with properties much less restricted than [[Physics:Fermion|fermion]]s and [[Physics:Boson|boson]]s. 
|
|-
| [[Physics:Soliton#Bions|Bion]]
| A bound state of solitons, named for [[Physics:Born–Infeld model|Born–Infeld model]]
| soliton
|-
| [[Physics:Bipolaron|Bipolaron]]
| A bound pair of two polarons
| polaron (electron, phonon)
|-
| [[Physics:Bogoliubov quasiparticle|Bogoliubon]]
| Broken Cooper pair
| electron, hole
|-
| [[Physics:Configuron|Configuron]]<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Angell | first1 = C.A. | last2 = Rao | first2 = K.J. | year = 1972 | title = Configurational excitations in condensed matter, and "bond lattice" model for the liquid-glass transition | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | volume = 57 | issue = 1| pages = 470–481 | doi=10.1063/1.1677987|bibcode = 1972JChPh..57..470A }}</ref>
| An elementary configurational excitation in an amorphous material which involves breaking of a chemical bond
|
|-
| [[Physics:Dislon|Dislon]]
| A localized collective excitation associated with a dislocation in crystalline solids.<ref>M. Li, Y. Tsurimaki, Q. Meng, N. Andrejevic, Y. Zhu, G. D. Mahan, and G. Chen, "Theory of electron-phonon-dislon interacting system – toward a quantized theory of dislocations", New J. Phys. (2017) http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/aaa383/meta</ref> It emerges from the quantization of the lattice displacement field of a classical dislocation
|
|-
|Doublons
|Paired electrons in the same lattice site<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bergan |first=Brad |date=2021-06-29 |title=Physicist Just Discovered a New Quasiparticle |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-computing-new-quasiparticle |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=interestingengineering.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Besedin |first=Ilya S. |last2=Gorlach |first2=Maxim A. |last3=Abramov |first3=Nikolay N. |last4=Tsitsilin |first4=Ivan |last5=Moskalenko |first5=Ilya N. |last6=Dobronosova |first6=Alina A. |last7=Moskalev |first7=Dmitry O. |last8=Matanin |first8=Alexey R. |last9=Smirnov |first9=Nikita S. |last10=Rodionov |first10=Ilya A. |last11=Poddubny |first11=Alexander N. |last12=Ustinov |first12=Alexey V. |date=2021-06-17 |title=Topological excitations and bound photon pairs in a superconducting quantum metamaterial |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.224520 |journal=Physical Review B |language=en |volume=103 |issue=22 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.103.224520 |issn=2469-9950|arxiv=2006.12794 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Azcona |first=P. Martínez |last2=Downing |first2=C. A. |date=2021-06-15 |title=Doublons, topology and interactions in a one-dimensional lattice |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-91778-z |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-91778-z |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=8206211 |pmid=34131200}}</ref>
|electrons
|-
| [[Physics:Dropleton|Dropleton]]
|
|-
| [[Physics:Quasiparticle|Electron quasiparticle]]
| An electron as affected by the other forces and interactions in the [[Physics:Solid|solid]]
| electron
|-
| [[Physics:Electron hole|Electron hole]] (hole)
| A ''lack'' of electron in a valence band
| electron, cation
|-
| [[Physics:Exciton|Exciton]]
| A bound state of an electron and a hole (See also: [[Physics:Biexciton|biexciton]])
| electron, hole
|-
| Ferron
| A quasiparticle that carries heat and polarization, akin to phonon and magnons.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wooten |first1=Brandi L. |last2=Iguchi |first2=Ryo |last3=Tang |first3=Ping |last4=Kang |first4=Joon Sang |last5=Uchida |first5=Ken-ichi |last6=Bauer |first6=Gerrit |last7=Heremans |first7=Joseph P. |date=2023-02-03 |title=Electric field–dependent phonon spectrum and heat conduction in ferroelectrics |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=eadd7194 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.add7194 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=9891688 |pmid=36724270}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gasparini |first=Allison |date=2023-02-17 |title=Researchers Spot a Ferron |url=https://physics.aps.org/articles/v16/28 |journal=Physics |language=en |volume=16 |page=28|doi=10.1103/Physics.16.28 |s2cid=257618626 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Fracton]]
| A collective quantized [[Oscillation|vibration]] on a substrate with a [[Fractal|fractal]] structure.
|
|-
| [[Physics:Fracton (subdimensional particle)|Fracton (subdimensional particle)]]
| An emergent quasiparticle excitation that is immobile when in isolation.
|
|-
| [[Physics:Holon|Holon]] (chargon)
| A quasi-particle resulting from electron spin-charge separation
|
|-
| [[Physics:Leviton (quasiparticle)|Leviton]]
| A collective excitation of a single electron within a metal
|
|-
| [[Physics:Magnon|Magnon]]
| A coherent excitation of electron spins in a material
|
|-
| [[Physics:Majorana fermion|Majorana fermion]]
| A quasiparticle equal to its own antiparticle, emerging as a midgap state in certain superconductors
|
|-
| [[Nematicon]]
| A soliton in nematic [[Physics:Liquid crystal|liquid-crystal]] media
|
|-
| [[Physics:Orbiton|Orbiton]]<ref>{{cite journal|author=J. Schlappa |author2=K. Wohlfeld |author3=K. J. Zhou |author4=M. Mourigal |author5=M. W. Haverkort |author6=V. N. Strocov |author7=L. Hozoi |author8=C. Monney |author9=S. Nishimoto |author10=S. Singh |author11=A. Revcolevschi |author12=J.-S. Caux |author13=L. Patthey |author14=H. M. Rønnow |author15=J. van den Brink |author16=T. Schmitt |title=Spin–orbital separation in the quasi-one-dimensional Mott insulator Sr<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>3</sub>|journal=Nature|date=2012-04-18|doi=10.1038/nature10974|arxiv = 1205.1954 |bibcode = 2012Natur.485...82S|pmid=22522933|volume=485|issue=7396|pages=82–5|s2cid=43990784 }}</ref> 
| A quasiparticle resulting from electron spin–orbital separation
|
|-
| [[Oscillon]]
| A soliton-like single wave in vibrating media
|
|-
| [[Physics:Phason|Phason]]
| Vibrational modes in a [[Physics:Quasicrystal|quasicrystal]] associated with atomic rearrangements
|
|-
| [[Physics:Phoniton|Phoniton]]
| A theoretical quasiparticle which is a hybridization of a localized, long-living [[Physics:Phonon|phonon]] and a matter excitation<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.umdphysics.umd.edu/component/content/article/77-modules/582-introducing-the-phoniton-a-tool-for-controlling-sound-at-the-quantum-level.html| title =Introducing the Phoniton: a tool for controlling sound at the quantum level |publisher =University of Maryland Department of Physics| access-date =26 Feb 2014}}</ref> 
|
|-
| [[Physics:Phonon|Phonon]]
| Vibrational modes in a [[Physics:Crystal lattice|crystal lattice]] associated with atomic shifts
|
|-
| [[Physics:Plasmaron|Plasmaron]]
| A quasiparticle emerging from the coupling between a [[Physics:Plasmon|plasmon]] and a [[Physics:Electron hole|hole]]
|
|-
| [[Physics:Plasmon|Plasmon]]
| A coherent excitation of a [[Physics:Plasma|plasma]]
|
|-
| [[Physics:Polaron|Polaron]]
| A moving charged quasiparticle that is surrounded by ions in a material
| electron, phonon
|-
| [[Physics:Polariton|Polariton]]
| A mixture of photon with other quasiparticles
| photon, optical phonon
|-
| [[Physics:Roton|Roton]]
| Elementary excitation in superfluid [[Physics:Helium-4|helium-4]]
|
|-
| [[Physics:Soliton|Soliton]]
| A self-reinforcing solitary excitation wave
|
|-
| [[Physics:Spinon|Spinon]]
| A quasiparticle produced as a result of electron [[Physics:Spin–charge separation|spin–charge separation]] that can form both [[Physics:Quantum spin liquid|quantum spin liquid]] and strongly correlated quantum spin liquid
|
|-
| [[Physics:Trion|Trion]]
| A coherent excitation of three quasiparticles (two holes and one electron or two electrons and one hole)
|
|-
| Triplon
| A quasiparticle formed from electrons with [[Physics:Triplet state|triplet state]] pairing<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Drost |first1=Robert |last2=Kezilebieke |first2=Shawulienu |last3=Lado |first3=Jose L. |last4=Liljeroth |first4=Peter |date=2023-08-22 |title=Real-Space Imaging of Triplon Excitations in Engineered Quantum Magnets |url=https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/123456789/89093/2/PhysRevLett.131.086701.pdf |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=131 |issue=8 |page=086701 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.086701|pmid=37683177 |s2cid=256194268 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McRae |first=Mike |date=2023-08-25 |title=Waves of Entanglement Seen Rippling Through a Quantum Magnet For The First Time |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/waves-of-entanglement-seen-rippling-through-a-quantum-magnet-for-the-first-time |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=ScienceAlert |language=en-US}}</ref>
| [[Physics:Triplet state|triplet state]] electrons
|-
| [[Physics:Wrinklon|Wrinklon]]
| A localized excitation corresponding to wrinkles in a constrained two dimensional system<ref>{{cite web | url =http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/jun/20/introducing-the-wrinklon| title =Introducing the 'wrinklon'|publisher =Physics World|last=Johnson|first=Hamish| access-date =26 Feb 2014}}</ref><ref name=wrinklon-elsv>{{cite journal|last=Meng|first=Lan|author2=Su, Ying |author3=Geng, Dechao |author4=Yu, Gui |author5=Liu, Yunqi |author6=Dou, Rui-Fen |author7=Nie, Jia-Cai |author8= He, Lin |title=Hierarchy of graphene wrinkles induced by thermal strain engineering|journal=Applied Physics Letters|year=2013|volume=103|issue=25|page=251610|doi=10.1063/1.4857115|arxiv = 1306.0171 |bibcode = 2013ApPhL.103y1610M |s2cid=119234537 }}</ref> 
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|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Particles}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quasiparticles}}
[[Category:Quasiparticles| ]]
[[Category:Physics-related lists]]

it:Quasiparticella#Lista delle quasiparticelle

{{Sourceattribution|List of quasiparticles}}