View source for Place:Chongqing

{{Short description|Megacity and provincial-level municipality in southwest China}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Chongqing
|other_name = Chungking, Ch'ung-ch'ing
|native_name = 重庆市
|native_name_lang = zh-Hans
|settlement_type = Municipality
|total_type = Municipality
|image_skyline = Chongqing montage 2019.png
|image_caption = Clockwise from top: Yuzhong District skyline, Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 running along Jialing River, bridges under construction in Fengdu County, Chongqing Art Museum
|image_seal= 
|image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=5|frame-lat=29.558|frame-long=107.50}}
|image_map1 = Chongqing in China (+all claims hatched).svg
|map_caption1 = Location of Chongqing Municipality within China
|seat_type = Municipal seat
|seat = Yuzhong District
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{wipe|China}}
|established_title = Settled
|established_date = c. 316 BC
|parts_type = Divisions<br />&nbsp;- County-level<br />&nbsp;- Township-level
|parts = <br />25 districts, 13 counties<br />1259 towns, townships, and subdistricts
|government_type = Municipality
|governing_body = Chongqing Municipal People's Congress
|leader_title = [[Organization:Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]]
|leader_name = Chen Min'er
|leader_title1 = Congress chairman
|leader_name1 = {{ill|Zhang Xuan (politician)|zh|张轩|lt=Zhang Xuan}}
|leader_title2 = Mayor
|leader_name2 = Tang Liangzhi
|leader_title3 = CPPCC chairman
|leader_name3 = Wang Jiong
|area_total_km2 = 82403
|area_land_km2 = 
|area_water_km2 = 
|area_blank1_title = Built up area
|area_blank1_km2	= 5,472.8
|area_footnotes = <ref name=mofcom>{{cite web |title = Doing Business in China – Survey |url = http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |publisher = Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China |access-date=5 August 2013 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://archive.today/20130805091244/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |archive-date = 5 August 2013 |df = dmy }}</ref>
|elevation_max_m = 2797
|elevation_max_point = 
Yintiao Ling
|elevation_m = 244
|population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|date=11 May 2021|title=Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html|access-date=11 May 2021|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China}}</ref>
|population_total = 32,054,159
|population_as_of = 2020
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_urban = 22,251,500{{NoteTag|Total urban population in the municipality.}}<ref name="cqnews">{{cite web |url=http://cq.cqnews.net/html/2016-01/28/content_36292655.htm |script-title=zh:2015年重庆常住人口3016.55万人 继续保持增长态势 |publisher=Chongqing News |language=zh-cn |date=28 January 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129083111/http://cq.cqnews.net/html/2016-01/28/content_36292655.htm |archive-date=29 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|population_density_urban_km2 = auto
|population_density_metro_km2 = auto
|population_metro_footnotes =
|population_blank1_title=Built up area
|population_blank1=8,750,000<ref name="ifeng">{{cite news |script-title=zh:重庆主城常住人口850万 户籍人口664.59万人 |url=http://news.ifeng.com/a/20170223/50725226_0.shtml |access-date=20 July 2019 |publisher=ifeng.com |language=zh-cn  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720062251/http://news.ifeng.com/a/20170223/50725226_0.shtml |archive-date=20 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|population_density_blank1_km2  = auto
|timezone = CST
|utc_offset = +8
|coor_pinpoint = Chongqing municipal government
|coordinates = {{coord|29.5637|N|106.5504|E|type:adm1st_region:CN-50_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
|postal_code_type = Postal codes
|postal_code = '''4000''' 00 – '''4099''' 00
|area_code = 23
|blank_name = GDP
|blank_info = 2020<ref name="data2020">GDP-2020 is a preliminary data {{cite press release | url=http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0102| title=Home - Regional - Quarterly by Province| publisher=China NBS| date=March 1, 2021| access-date=June 30, 2021}}</ref>
|blank1_name = &nbsp;- Total
|blank1_info =¥2.50 trillion<br/>$362 billion
|blank2_name = &nbsp;- Per Capita
|blank2_info =¥78,000<br/>$11,304
|blank3_name                    = &nbsp;• growth
|blank3_info                    = {{increase}} 3.9%
|blank4_name = [[Engineering:Human Development Index|HDI]] (2018)
|blank4_info = 0.759<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|title=Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab|website=globaldatalab.org|access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> (13th) – <span style="color:#090;">high</span>
|blank5_name = Vehicle registration
|blank5_info = {{lang|zh-CN|渝A}}, {{lang|zh-CN|渝D}} (Yuzhong, Jiangbei, Jiulongpo, Dadukou) <br/>{{lang|zh-CN|渝B}} (Nan'an, Shapingba, Beibei, Wansheng, Shuangqiao, Yubei, Banan, Changshou)<br />{{lang|zh-CN|渝C}} (Yongchuan, Hechuan, Jiangjin, Qijiang, Tongnan, Tongliang, Dazu, Rongchang, Bishan)<br/>{{lang|zh-CN|渝F}} (Wanzhou, Liangping, Chengkou, Wushan, Wuxi, Zhongxian, Kaizhou, Fengjie, Yunyang)<br/>{{lang|zh-CN|渝G}} (Fuling, Nanchuan, Dianjiang, Fengdu, Wulong)<br/>{{lang|zh-CN|渝H}} (Qianjiang, Shizhu, Xiushan, Youyang, Pengshui)
|iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-CQ]]
|blank5_name_sec1 = Abbreviation
|blank5_info_sec1 = CQ / {{zh |c = 渝 |p = Yú |labels = no }}
|blank1_name_sec2 = City flower
|blank1_info_sec2 = [[Biology:Camellia japonica|Camellia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.cq.gov.cn/AboutChongqing/1914.htm |title=City Flower |website=En.cq.gov.cn |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630163656/http://en.cq.gov.cn/AboutChongqing/1914.htm |archive-date=30 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|blank2_name_sec2 = City tree
|blank2_info_sec2 = Ficus lacor<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.cq.gov.cn/AboutChongqing/1914.htm |title=City Tree |website=En.cq.gov.cn |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630163656/http://en.cq.gov.cn/AboutChongqing/1914.htm |archive-date=30 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|website = [http://CQ.gov.cn CQ.gov.cn] {{in lang|zh}} <br />[http://en.cq.gov.cn/ English.CQ.gov.cn]
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|pic = Chongqing_(Chinese_characters).svg
|piccap = "Chongqing" in Simplified (top) and [[Social:Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional]] (bottom) Chinese characters 
|picupright = 0.4
|order = st
|p = Chóngqìng
 |sic = Cong<sup>2</sup>qin<sup>4</sup> ([[Social:Sichuanese Pinyin|Sichuanese Pinyin]]) <br />{{IPA-all|tsʰoŋ˨˩ tɕʰin˨˩˦|}}
 |w = Ch{{asper}}ung<sup>2</sup>-ch{{asper}}ing<sup>4</sup>
 |gr = Chorngchinq
 |bpmf = ㄔㄨㄥˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄑㄧㄥˋ
 |psp = Chungking
 |mi = {{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Chongqing.ogg|ch|ong|2|.|q|ing|4}}
|j = Cung4hing3
 |ci = {{IPAc-yue|c|ung|4|.|h|ing|3}}
 |y = Chùhnghing
|wuu = Zon<sup>上</sup>-chin<sup>去</sup>
|poj = Tiông-khèng
 |tl = Tiông-khìng
|h = Tshùng-khin
|l = "Doubled Celebration"
}}
 
'''Chongqing''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|ɔː|ŋ|ˌ|tʃ|ɪ|ŋ|}} {{Respell|CHAWNG|ching}};<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Chongqing|access-date=8 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="MyUser_Https:_June_27_2021c">{{cite web |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/chongqing |title=Chongqing |newspaper=Https |date=  |author= |accessdate= June 27, 2021}}</ref> {{Lang-zh|s=重庆|t=重慶|p=Chóngqìng}}; Sichuanese pronunciation: {{IPA-all|tsʰoŋ˨˩tɕʰin˨˩˦|}}, <small>Standard Mandarin pronunciation:</small> {{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Chongqing.ogg|ch|ong|2|.|q|ing|4}}), alternately romanized as '''Chungking''', is a municipality in southwest China.

Administratively, it is one of the four municipalities under the direct administration of the central government of the People's Republic of China (the other three are [[Place:Beijing|Beijing]], [[Place:Shanghai|Shanghai]] and [[Place:Tianjin|Tianjin]]), and the only such municipality located deep inland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/od/chinamaps/tp/china-municipalities.htm |title=China's Direct-Controlled Municipalities |publisher=Geography.about.com |date=14 March 1997 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723100724/http://geography.about.com/od/chinamaps/tp/china-municipalities.htm |archive-date=23 July 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> The municipality of Chongqing, roughly the size of Austria, includes the city of Chongqing as well as various discontiguous cities. Due to a classification technicality, the Chongqing municipality can claim to be the largest city proper in the world{{emdash}}though it does not have the world's largest urban area.

During the Republic of China (ROC) era, Chongqing was a municipality located within Sichuan Province. It served as its wartime capital during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). The current municipality was separated from Sichuan province on 14 March 1997 to help develop the central and western parts of China.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/gongbao/2000-12/07/content_5003717.htm |script-title=zh:关于提请审议设立重庆直辖市的议案的说明_中国人大网|trans-title=Explanation on the proposal to consider the establishment of a municipality directly under the Central Government of China |website=www.npc.gov.cn |access-date=29 July 2018  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517160042/http://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/gongbao/2000-12/07/content_5003717.htm |archive-date=17 May 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Chongqing administrative municipality has a population of over 30&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16761784 |title=Which is the world's biggest city? |work=BBC News |date=29 January 2012 |last1=Alexander |first1=Ruth |access-date=31 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806003730/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16761784 |archive-date=6 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The city of Chongqing, comprising 9 urban and suburban districts, has a population of 8,750,000 as of 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/chongqing/admin/|title = China: Chóngqìng (Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map}}</ref> According to the 2010 census, Chongqing is the most populous Chinese municipality,<ref>{{cite web |script-title=zh:最新中国城市人口数量排名（根据2010年第六次人口普查）|url=http://www.elivecity.cn/html/yijuyanjiu/yijuyanjiu1/645.html |website=www.elivecity.cn |year=2012 |access-date=28 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303135707/http://www.elivecity.cn/html/yijuyanjiu/yijuyanjiu1/645.html |archive-date=3 March 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> and also the largest direct-controlled municipality in China, containing 26 districts, eight counties, and four autonomous counties.

The official abbreviation of the city, "{{transl|zh|pinyin|Yú}}" ({{linktext|lang=zh|渝}}), was approved by the State Council on 18 April 1997.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.cri.cn/1702/2005-9-8/17@159525.htm |title=Chongqing's Official Abbreviation |publisher=English.cri.cn |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231519/http://english.cri.cn/1702/2005-9-8/17@159525.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This abbreviation is derived from the old name of a part of the Jialing River that runs through Chongqing and feeds into the Yangtze River.

Chongqing has an extensive history and a rich culture. As one of China's National Central Cities, it serves as a financial center of the Sichuan Basin and the upstream Yangtze. It is a major manufacturing and transportation center; a July 2012 report by the [[Company:Economist Intelligence Unit|Economist Intelligence Unit]] described it as one of China's "13 emerging megalopolises".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liaa.gov.lv/files/liaa/attachments/eiu_accesschina_megalopolises_0.pdf |title=EIU Report |publisher=Eiu.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217084946/http://www.eiu.com/public/topical_report.aspx |archive-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> Chongqing is ranked as a Beta (global second-tier) city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2020|url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html|access-date=2020-10-04|website=www.lboro.ac.uk}}</ref> Chongqing is one of the top 100 cities in the world by scientific research outputs as tracked by the Nature Index,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Nature Index 2020 Science Cities {{!}} Supplements {{!}} Nature Index|url=https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2020-science-cities/tables/overall|access-date=2020-09-27|website=www.natureindex.com}}</ref> and home to several notable universities, including Chongqing University, Southwest University, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Southwest University of Political Science and Law and Chongqing Normal University.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nature Index 2018 Science Cities {{!}} Nature Index Supplements {{!}} Nature Index|url=https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2018-science-cities/global-city-map|access-date=2020-10-07|website=www.natureindex.com}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2021-10-26|title=US News Best Global Universities Rankings in Chongqing|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/search?city=chongqing|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-30|website=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref>

== History ==

===Ancient history===
Chongqing's location is historically associated with the [[Place:Ba (state)|State of Ba]].
Its new capital was first called Jiangzhou ({{lang|zh-hant|江州}}).<ref name="chongqing_3gorges">{{cite book |title= Chongqing & The Three Gorges |author= Kim Hunter Gordon, Jesse Watson |year=2011 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSNOR3qt6DwC&pg=PA38 |pages=38–40 |isbn=978-7-5022-5215-1 }}</ref>

===Imperial era===
Jiangzhou subsequently remained under Qin Shi Huang's rule during the Qin dynasty, the successor of the Qin State, as well as the rule of Han dynasty emperors.
Jiangzhou was subsequently renamed during the Northern and Southern dynasties to Chu Prefecture ({{lang|zh-hant|楚州}}), then again in 581&nbsp;AD (Sui dynasty) to Yu Prefecture ({{lang|zh-hant|渝州}}), and later in 1102 during Northern Song to Gong Prefecture ({{lang|zh-hant|恭州}}).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.cq.gov.cn/AboutChongqing/1920.htm |title=Chongqing's History with the State of Ba |publisher=Chongqing Municipal Government |date=6 December 2007 |access-date=2 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630171340/http://en.cq.gov.cn/AboutChongqing/1920.htm |archive-date=30 June 2012 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> The name Yu however survives to this day as an abbreviation for Chongqing, as well as for the city's historic center, where the old town once stood; its name is Yuzhong ({{lang|zh-hant|渝中}}, Central Yu).<ref name="chongqing_3gorges"/> It received its current name in 1189, after Prince Zhao Dun of the Southern Song dynasty described his crowning as king and then Emperor Guangzong as a "double celebration" ({{zh |s=双重喜庆 |t=雙重喜慶 |p=shuāngchóng xǐqìng }}, or ''chongqing'' in short). To mark the occasion of his enthronement, Yu Prefecture was therefore converted to Chongqing Fu.

In 1362, (Yuan dynasty), Ming Yuzhen, a peasant rebel leader, established the Daxia Kingdom ({{lang|zh-hant|大夏}}) at Chongqing for a short time.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://neohumanism.org/m/mi/ming_yuzhen.html |title = Ming Yuzhen Information |website = Neohumanism.com |access-date = 2 July 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160207054017/http://neohumanism.org/m/mi/ming_yuzhen.html |archive-date = 7 February 2016 |url-status = live |df = dmy-all }}</ref> In 1621 (Ming dynasty), another short-lived kingdom of Daliang ({{lang|zh-hant|大梁}}) was established by She Chongming ({{lang|zh-hant|奢崇明}}) with Chongqing as its capital.<ref>{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xXLg4cTZcDkC&q=she+chongming+empire&pg=PA245 |title = Political Frontiers, Ethnic Boundaries, and Human Geographies in Chinese History |author1 = Nicola di Cosmo |author2 = Don J. Wyatt |date = 3 July 2003|access-date=2 July 2012 |isbn = 9780203987957 }}</ref> In 1644, after the fall of the Ming dynasty to a rebel army, Chongqing, together with the rest of Sichuan, was captured by Zhang Xianzhong, who was said to have massacred a large number of people in Sichuan and depopulated the province, in part by causing many people to flee to safety elsewhere. The Manchus later conquered the province, and during the Qing dynasty, immigration to Chongqing and Sichuan took place with the support of the Qing emperor.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.chinasage.info/dynastyqing.htm |title=The last Qing (Manchu) Dynasty 1644 - 1912 of China |access-date=19 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161107092333/http://www.chinasage.info/dynastyqing.htm |archive-date=7 November 2016  }} The last Manchu dynasty</ref>

In 1890, the British Consulate General was opened in Chongqing.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.cq.xinhuanet.com/subject/2005/2005-08/12/content_4869354.htm |title=UK Consulate Page |publisher=Cq.xinhuanet.com |date=30 December 2004 |access-date=10 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130823092727/http://www.cq.xinhuanet.com/subject/2005/2005-08/12/content_4869354.htm |archive-date=23 August 2013  }}</ref> The following year, the city became the first inland commerce port open to foreigners.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.mitchellteachers.org/ChinaTour/UnitRoleofWater/YangtzeRiverTourStop6Chongqing.htm |title=Chongqing Opens Itself To Foreigners |publisher=Mitchellteachers.org |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419130602/http://www.mitchellteachers.org/ChinaTour/UnitRoleofWater/YangtzeRiverTourStop6Chongqing.htm |archive-date=19 April 2012 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> From 1896 to 1904, the American, German, French, and Japanese consulates were opened in Chongqing.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.cq.xinhuanet.com/subject/2005/2005-08/12/content_4868903.htm |title=French Consulate Page |publisher=Cq.xinhuanet.com |date=30 December 2004 |access-date=10 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130823091031/http://www.cq.xinhuanet.com/subject/2005/2005-08/12/content_4868903.htm |archive-date=23 August 2013  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.chongqing.cn.emb-japan.go.jp/index_c.htm |title = Japanese Consulate Page |website = Chongqing.cn.emb-japan.go.jp |access-date = 10 December 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120709162530/http://www.chongqing.cn.emb-japan.go.jp/index_c.htm |archive-date = 9 July 2012 |url-status = live |df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.us-passport-service-guide.com/us-consulate-in-china.html |title=US Consulate Page |website=Us-passport-service-guide.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723134336/http://www.us-passport-service-guide.com/us-consulate-in-china.html |archive-date=23 July 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://2011.cqlib.cn/article_detail.asp?cid=13&rid=1&did=622 |title=German Consulate Page |website = 2011.cqlib.cn |access-date=10 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130823053235/http://2011.cqlib.cn/article_detail.asp?cid=13&rid=1&did=622 |archive-date=23 August 2013  }}</ref>

===Provisional wartime capital of the Republic of China===
[[File:China from the Eyes of the Flying Tigers 1944-1945 57.jpg|thumb|left|A street scene in Chongqing, c. 1944]]
During and after the Second Sino-Japanese War, from Nov 1937 to May 1946, it was Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's provisional capital. Indeed, after the General and remaining army had lived there for a time following their retreat in 1938 from the previous capital of [[Place:Wuhan|Wuhan]], it was formally declared the second capital city (pei du) on 6 September 1940.<ref name="Revisiting Chongqing: China's Secon">{{cite journal |last1=Danielson |first1=Eric N. |title=Revisiting Chongqing: China's Second World War Temporary National Capital |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch |date=2005 |volume=45 |page=175 |jstor=23889883 }}</ref> After Britain, the United States, and other Allies entered the war in Asia in December 1941, one of the Allies' deputy commanders of operations in South East Asia (South East Asia Command SEAC), Joseph Stilwell, was based in the city. This made it a city of world importance in the fight against Axis powers, together with [[Place:London|London]], [[Place:Moscow|Moscow]] and [[Place:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bookdepository.com/Chongqing-Famous-City-Second-World-War-Yu-Feng/9787536693180|title=Chongqing - The Famous City in the Second World War : Photo Annals of Vanishing Sceneries(Book)}}</ref> The city was also visited by Lord Louis Mountbatten, the Supreme Commander of SEAC which was itself headquartered in Ceylon, modern day Sri Lanka. Chiang Kai Shek as Supreme Commander in China worked closely with Stilwell.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/stilwell-in-china-the-worst-command-in-the-war/ |title=Stilwell in China: The Worst Command in the War |access-date=19 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821195614/http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/stilwell-in-china-the-worst-command-in-the-war/ |archive-date=21 August 2016  }} Chiang Kai-shek & Stilwell, Joseph</ref> From 1938 to 1943, the city suffered from continuously massive bombing campaigns of the Imperial Japanese Navy and Army Air Forces; battles of which were fought entirely by the {{wipe|Republic of China Air Force}} squadrons and anti-aircraft artillery units.<ref>{{Cite web|title=揭秘重庆空战：抗战期间出动飞机2159次 - 中国军网|url=http://www.chinamil.com.cn/jsdj/2016-04/11/content_7000656.htm|access-date=2020-11-15|website=www.chinamil.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gustavsson|first=Hakans|title=Håkans Aviation page – Sino-Japanese Air War 1939|url=http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/sino-japanese-1939.htm|access-date=2020-11-15|website=Biplane Fighter Aces - CHINA}}</ref> Many lives were saved by the air-raid shelters which took the advantage of the mountainous terrain. Chongqing was acclaimed to be the “City of Heroes” due to the indomitable spirits of its people as well as their contributions and sacrifices during the [[Social:World War II|War of Resistance-World War II]]. Many factories and universities were relocated from eastern China and ultimately to Chongqing during years of setbacks in the war, transforming this city from inland port to a heavily industrialized city. In late November 1949, the Nationalist KMT government retreated from the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/nhs/cur/wwii/06/p1/mjm/WWII-Chang.html |title=WWII Era History of Chongqing |publisher=.needham.k12.ma.us |date=23 October 1944 |access-date=10 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606163106/http://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/nhs/cur/wwii/06/p1/mjm/WWII-Chang.html |archive-date=6 June 2013  }}</ref>

===Municipality status===
<gallery mode=packed caption="Location maps of Chongqing, Fuling, Wanxian, Qianjiang prefectures in Sichuan before 1997">
File:Location of Chongqing Prefecture within Sichuan.png|
File:Location of Fuling Prefecture within Sichuan.png|
File:Location of Wanxian Prefecture within Sichuan.png|
File:Location of Qianjiang Prefecture within Sichuan.png|
</gallery>

[[File:A Sunset View of Chongqing Central Business District.jpg|thumb|right|A sunset view of Jiefangbei CBD and Hongya Cave, taken in 2017]]
On 14 March 1997, the Eighth National People's Congress decided to merge the Sub-provincial city with adjacent Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang prefectures that it had governed on behalf of the province since September 1996. The resulting single division became Chongqing Municipality, containing 30,020,000 people in forty-three former counties (without intermediate political levels). The municipality became the spearhead of China's effort to develop its western regions and to coordinate the resettlement of residents from the reservoir areas of the Three Gorges Dam project. Its first official ceremony took place on 18 June 1997. On 8 February 2010, Chongqing became one of the four National Central/Core cities, the other three are Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/6892862.html |title=Chongqing becomes 5th National Central city |publisher=English.peopledaily.com.cn |date=10 February 2010 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518015855/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/6892862.html |archive-date=18 May 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref> On 18 June 2010, Liangjiang New Area was established in Chongqing, which is the third State-level new areas at the time of its establishment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gochina.scmp.com/chongqing/business/room-expansion |title=Establishment of the Liangjiang New Area |publisher=Gochina.scmp.com |date=25 November 2013 |access-date=10 December 2013}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nh48-12.jpg|thumb|left|Map including Chongqing (labeled as {{lang|zh-hant|重慶}} CH'UNG-CH'ING (CHUNGKING)) ([[Earth:Army Map Service|AMS]], 1954)]]

===Physical geography and topography===
[[File:Chongqing Map.png|thumb|Topography of Chongqing]]
Chongqing is situated at the transitional area between the [[Place:Tibetan Plateau|Tibetan Plateau]] and the plain on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the sub-tropical climate zone often swept by moist [[Earth:Monsoon|monsoon]]s. It often rains at night in late spring and early summer, and thus the city is famous for its "night rain in the Ba Mountains", as described by poems throughout Chinese history including the famous ''Written on a Rainy Night-A Letter to the North'' by Li Shangyin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bystander.homestead.com/bashan.html |title=Tang poetry: Night rain in the mountain in Bashan |access-date=19 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816081726/http://bystander.homestead.com/bashan.html |archive-date=16 August 2016  }} Bashan Poems</ref> The municipality reaches a maximum width of {{convert|470|km|abbr=on}} from east to west, and a maximum length of {{convert|450|km|abbr=on}} from north to south.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.cq.gov.cn/AboutChongqing/1921.htm |title=Location of Chongqing |publisher=En.cq.gov.cn |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630165944/http://en.cq.gov.cn/AboutChongqing/1921.htm |archive-date=30 June 2012 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> It borders the following provinces: Hubei in the east, Hunan in the southeast, Guizhou in the south, Sichuan in the west and northwest, and Shaanxi to the north in its northeast corner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/ProvinceView/163947.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024230840/http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/ProvinceView/163947.htm |archive-date=24 October 2016  }} Chongqing's bordering provinces</ref>

[[File:Qutang Gorge on Changjiang.jpg|left|thumb|Qutang Gorge on the Yangtze River]]
Chongqing covers a large area crisscrossed by rivers and mountains. The Daba Mountains stand in the north, the Wu Mountains in the east, the Wuling Mountains in the southeast, and the Dalou Mountains in the south. The whole area slopes down from north and south towards the Yangtze River valley, with sharp rises and falls. The area is featured by a large geological [[Earth:Massif|massif]], of mountains and hills, with large sloping areas at different heights.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mountains in Sichuan and Chongqing |url=http://www.fodors.com/world/asia/china/sichuan-and-chongqing/sights-nam_class:31425.html |author=Chongqing Topography |publisher=Fodors.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213182509/http://www.fodors.com/world/asia/china/sichuan-and-chongqing/sights-nam_class%3A31425.html |archive-date=13 December 2013  }}</ref> Typical [[Earth:Karst|karst]] landscape is common in this area, and stone forests, numerous collections of peaks, [[Earth:Limestone|limestone]] caves and valleys can be found in many places. The ''Longshuixia Gap'' ({{lang|zh-hans|龙水峡地缝}}), with its natural [[Earth:Three Natural Bridges|arch-bridges]], has made the region a popular tourist attraction. The Yangtze River runs through the whole area from west to east, covering a course of {{convert|665|km|abbr=on}}, cutting through the Wu Mountains at three places and forming the well-known Three Gorges: the Qutang, the Wuxia and the Xiling gorges.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ctg.com.cn/en/ |title=The Three Gorges Corp |publisher=Ctg.com.cn |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213211201/http://www.ctg.com.cn/en/ |archive-date=13 December 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Coming from northwest and running through "the Jialing Lesser Three Gorges" of Libi, Wentang and Guanyin, the Jialing River joins the Yangtze in Chongqing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yangtze River|url=http://www.cnto.org/journeys/yangtze-river/|publisher=Chinese National Tourism Office, US Chinese Embassy|access-date=31 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114532/http://www.cnto.org/journeys/yangtze-river/|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Quote box
 |title = Li Bai's Poem of Chongqing's Baidi Cheng
 |quote = Leaving at dawn the White Emperor crowned with cloud,<br/>
I've sailed a thousand li through canyons in a day.<br/>
With the monkeys' adieus the riverbanks are loud,<br/>
My skiff has left ten thousand mountains far away.
 |source = 
 |align = 
 |width = 
 |border = 
 |fontsize = 
 |bgcolor = 
 |style = 
 |title_bg = 
 |title_fnt = 
 |tstyle = 
 |qalign = 
 |qstyle = 
 |quoted = 
 |salign = 
 |sstyle = 
}}

The central urban area of Chongqing, or Chongqing proper, is a city of unique features. Built on mountains and partially surrounded by the Yangtze and Jialing rivers, it is known as a "mountain city" and a "city on rivers".<ref>{{cite web |first=Ryan |last=Murphy |url=http://elevendegreesnorth.blogspot.com/2010/12/three-china-chongqings-rivers.html |title=Trip to Chongqing |publisher=Elevendegreesnorth.blogspot.com |date=28 December 2010 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218164629/http://elevendegreesnorth.blogspot.com/2010/12/three-china-chongqings-rivers.html |archive-date=18 December 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The night scene of the city is very illuminated, with millions of lights and their reflection on the rivers. With its special topographical features, Chongqing has the unique scenery of mountains, rivers, forests, springs, waterfalls, gorges, and caves. Li Bai, a famous poet of the Tang dynasty, was inspired by the natural scenery and wrote this epigram.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.poemhunter.com/li-po/ |title=Poems of Li Bai |publisher=Poemhunter.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627195909/http://www.poemhunter.com/li-po/ |archive-date=27 June 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

Specifically, the central urban area is located on a huge folding area. Yuzhong District, Nan'an District, Shapingba District and Jiangbei District are located right on a big [[Earth:Syncline|syncline]]. And the "Southern Mountain of Chongqing" (Tongluo Mountain), along with the Zhongliang Mountain are two anticlines next to the syncline of downtown.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://scithesis.com/?doc%2F2150541 |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032344/http://scithesis.com/?doc%2F2150541 |archive-date=4 March 2016  }} Chongqing Mountains Data</ref>

Zhongliang Mountains ({{zh|labels=no|c=中梁山}}) and Tongluo Mountains ({{zh|labels=no|s=铜锣山}}) roughly forms the eastern and western boundaries of Chongqing's urban area. The highest point in downtown is the top of Eling Hill, which is a smaller syncline hill that separates the Yangtze River and Jialing River. The elevation of Eling Hill is {{convert|379|m|abbr=on}}. The lowest point is Chaotian Gate, where the two rivers merge with each other. The altitude there is {{convert|160|m|abbr=on}}. The average height of the area is {{convert|259|m|abbr=on}}. However, there are several high mountains outside central Chongqing, such as the Wugong Ling Mountain, with the altitude of {{convert|1709.4|m|abbr=on}}, in Jiangjin.

=== Climate ===
[[File:Chongqing in fog 20140822.jpg|thumb|In the spring and fall, downtown Chongqing is often enshrouded in fog.]]
Chongqing has a [[Earth:Humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical climate]] ([[Earth:Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa''), bordering on a monsoonal humid subtropical climate ([[Earth:Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa'') and for most of the year experiences very high relative humidity, with all months above 75%. Known as one of the "Three Furnaces" of the Yangtze River, along with [[Place:Wuhan|Wuhan]] and Nanjing, its summers are long and among the hottest and most humid in China, with highs of {{convert|33|to|34|°C|°F|0}} in July and August in the urban area.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |script-title=zh:中国气象局 国家气象信息中心 |publisher=Guangzhou Popular Science News Net ({{lang|zh-hans|广州科普资讯网}}) |language = zh-Hans |date=12 September 2007 |access-date=12 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318113757/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |archive-date=18 March 2013
}}</ref> Winters are short and somewhat mild, but damp and overcast. The city's location in the Sichuan Basin causes it to have one of the lowest annual sunshine totals nationally, at only 1,055 hours, lower than much of Northern Europe; the monthly percent possible sunshine in the city proper ranges from a mere 8% in December and January to 48% in August. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from {{convert|−1.8|°C|0}} on 15 December 1975 (unofficial record of {{convert|-2.5|°C|0}} was set on 8 February 1943) to {{convert|43.0|°C|0}} on 15 August 2006 (unofficial record of {{convert|44.0|°C|0}} was set on 8 and 9 August 1933).<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm |title = Extreme Temperatures Around the World |access-date = 22 May 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100826043944/http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm |archive-date = 26 August 2010 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all
}}</ref>

Chongqing, with over 100 days of fog per year,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iesglobal.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=450&Itemid=404 |title=Chongqing Municipality |publisher=IES Global |access-date=17 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011175556/http://iesglobal.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=450&Itemid=404 |archive-date=11 October 2010 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> is known as the "Fog City" ({{lang|zh|雾都}}); this is because in the spring and fall, a thick layer of fog enshrouds it for 68 days per year.<ref>
{{cite web |url = http://english.china.com/zh_cn/tourism/chongqing/11047307/20060331/13212034.html |title = Chongqing – City of Hills, Fog and Spicy Food |publisher = China.com |access-date = 17 July 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927083357/http://english.china.com/zh_cn/tourism/chongqing/11047307/20060331/13212034.html |archive-date = 27 September 2011 |url-status = live |df = dmy-all
 }}
</ref><ref>Lin, Yutang.1944. The Vigil of a Nation. The John Day Company. New York. 262 pages</ref> During the Second Sino-Japanese War, this special weather possibly played a role in protecting the city from being overrun by the Imperial Japanese Army.

As exemplified by Youyang County below, conditions are often cooler in the southeast part of the municipality due to the higher elevations there.

{{Weather box
|location = Chongqing (Shapingba District, 1981–2010 normals)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|collapsed = 
|Jan high C = 10.3
|Feb high C = 12.9
|Mar high C = 17.7
|Apr high C = 23.0
|May high C = 27.2
|Jun high C = 29.4
|Jul high C = 33.0
|Aug high C = 33.2
|Sep high C = 28.3
|Oct high C = 21.7
|Nov high C = 17.1
|Dec high C = 11.5

|Jan mean C =  7.9
|Feb mean C = 10.0
|Mar mean C = 13.8
|Apr mean C = 18.6
|May mean C = 22.6
|Jun mean C = 25.1
|Jul mean C = 28.3
|Aug mean C = 28.3
|Sep mean C = 24.1
|Oct mean C = 18.6
|Nov mean C = 14.2
|Dec mean C =  9.2

|Jan low C =  6.2
|Feb low C =  8.0
|Mar low C = 11.2
|Apr low C = 15.4
|May low C = 19.3
|Jun low C = 22.1
|Jul low C = 24.8
|Aug low C = 24.7
|Sep low C = 21.2
|Oct low C = 16.5
|Nov low C = 12.3
|Dec low C =  7.7

|Jan record high C= 18.8
|Feb record high C= 24.6
|Mar record high C= 34.0
|Apr record high C= 36.5
|May record high C= 38.9
|Jun record high C= 39.8
|Jul record high C= 42.0
|Aug record high C= 43.0
|Sep record high C= 41.9
|Oct record high C= 35.1
|Nov record high C= 29.2
|Dec record high C= 21.5

|Jan record low C = −1.8
|Feb record low C = −0.8
|Mar record low C =  1.2
|Apr record low C =  2.8
|May record low C = 10.8
|Jun record low C = 15.5
|Jul record low C = 19.2
|Aug record low C = 17.8
|Sep record low C = 14.3
|Oct record low C =  6.9
|Nov record low C =  0.7
|Dec record low C = −1.7
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm =  19.7
|Feb precipitation mm =  23.3
|Mar precipitation mm =  43.2
|Apr precipitation mm =  95.2
|May precipitation mm = 145.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 192.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 186.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 137.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 105.8
|Oct precipitation mm =  85.8
|Nov precipitation mm =  48.3
|Dec precipitation mm =  24.3
|Jan humidity = 84
|Feb humidity = 80
|Mar humidity = 77
|Apr humidity = 77
|May humidity = 77
|Jun humidity = 81
|Jul humidity = 76
|Aug humidity = 74
|Sep humidity = 79
|Oct humidity = 85
|Nov humidity = 84
|Dec humidity = 85
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 10.0
|Feb precipitation days =  9.8
|Mar precipitation days = 11.9
|Apr precipitation days = 14.3
|May precipitation days = 15.5
|Jun precipitation days = 15.7
|Jul precipitation days = 12.5
|Aug precipitation days = 11.3
|Sep precipitation days = 12.7
|Oct precipitation days = 16.1
|Nov precipitation days = 11.5
|Dec precipitation days =  9.8
|year precipitation days=151.1
|Jan sun =  20.6 |Jan percentsun =  8
|Feb sun =  29.7 |Feb percentsun = 11
|Mar sun =  64.9 |Mar percentsun = 18
|Apr sun =  93.6 |Apr percentsun = 25
|May sun = 109.4 |May percentsun = 26
|Jun sun =  97.7 |Jun percentsun = 26
|Jul sun = 158.6 |Jul percentsun = 42
|Aug sun = 167.0 |Aug percentsun = 48
|Sep sun = 106.6 |Sep percentsun = 28
|Oct sun =  50.4 |Oct percentsun = 18
|Nov sun =  35.9 |Nov percentsun = 13
|Dec sun =  20.4 |Dec percentsun =  8
                 |year percentsun= 24<!--automatically calculated value of 22.6 gives average possible 12.78 hours/day, physically impossible-->
| Jan uv = 4
| Feb uv = 6
| Mar uv = 8
| Apr uv = 10
| May uv = 11
| Jun uv = 12
| Jul uv = 12
| Aug uv = 11
| Sep uv = 10
| Oct uv = 7
| Nov uv = 5
| Dec uv = 4
| year uv =
|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="CMA graphical">
{{cite web|url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html|script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data|publisher=China Meteorological Administration|access-date=9 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923231541/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherbk.html|archive-date=23 September 2017|url-status=live
|title=Index}}
</ref><ref name="CMA">{{cite web|url = http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3|script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值数据集 （1971–2000年）|publisher=China Meteorological Administration|language = zh-Hans|access-date=23 May 2011|date=May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3|archive-date=21 September 2013 
}}</ref>
|source 2 = Weather Atlas (uv)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/china/chongqing-climate#uv_index |title=Monthly weather forecast and climate - Chongqing, China |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=12 June 2020 }}</ref>
}}

==Cityscape==
{{Panorama
| image = Yuzhong skyline.jpg
| height = 360
| caption = Panorama of the Yuzhong District skyline in 2013
}}

<gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Jiangbeizui CBD.jpg|Jiangbeizui CBD from above, taken in 2018
File:Chaotianmen Bridge, Nan'an District of Chongqing.jpg|Chaotianmen Bridge connects Jiangbei District with Nan'an District of Chongqing, taken in 2018
File:Jiefangbei.jpg|Jiefangbei ({{zh|c=解放碑|l=People's Liberation Monument|labels=no}}) is a [[Social:World War II|World War II]] victory monument
File:Raffles City Chongqing 2019-9.jpg|Raffles City Chongqing, sitting in the confluence of Yangtze and Jialing River
</gallery>

== Politics ==

[[File:Chongqing Great Hall of the People 2017.jpg|thumb|right|The Great Hall of the People serves as the venue for major political conferences in Chongqing]]
Chongqing has been, since 1997, a direct-controlled municipality in the Chinese administrative structure, making it a provincial-level division with commensurate political importance. The municipality's top leader is the secretary of the municipal committee of the Communist Party of China ("party chief"), which, since 2007, has also held a seat on the Politburo of the Communist Party of China, the country's second highest governing council. Under the Soviet-inspired nomenklatura system of appointments, individuals are appointed to the position by the central leadership of the Communist Party, and bestowed to an official based on seniority and adherence to party orthodoxy, usually given to an individual with prior regional experience elsewhere in China and nearly never a native of Chongqing. Notable individuals who have held the municipal Party Secretary position include He Guoqiang, Wang Yang, Bo Xilai, Zhang Dejiang, and Sun Zhengcai, the latter three were Politburo members during their term as party chief. The party chief heads the municipal party standing committee, the ''de facto'' top governing council of the municipality. The standing committee is typically composed of 13 individuals which includes the party chiefs of important subdivisions and other leading figures in the local party and government organization, as well as one military representative.

The municipal People's Government serves as the day-to-day administrative authority, and is headed by the mayor, who is assisted by numerous vice mayors and mayoral assistants. Each vice mayor is given jurisdiction over specific municipal departments. The mayor is the second-highest-ranking official in the municipality. The mayor usually represents the city when foreign guests visit.<ref>{{cite web |last=Page |first=Jeremy |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304459804577282280904864936 |title=Chongqing Party Chief Position |publisher=Online.wsj.com |date=15 March 2012 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124203540/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304459804577282280904864936 |archive-date=24 November 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

The municipality also has a People's Congress, theoretically elected by lower level People's Congresses. The People's Congress nominally appoints the mayor and approves the nominations of other government officials. The People's Congress, like those of other provincial jurisdictions, is generally seen as a symbolic body. It convenes in full once a year to approve party-sponsored resolutions and local regulations and duly confirm party-approved appointments. On occasion the People's Congress can be venues of discussion on municipal issues, although this is dependent on the actions of individual delegates. The municipal People's Congress is headed by a former municipal official, usually in their late fifties or sixties, with a lengthy prior political career in Chongqing. The municipal Political Consultative Conference (''zhengxie'') meets at around the same time as the People's Congress. Its role is to advise on political issues. The ''zhengxie'' is headed by a leader who is typically a former municipal or regional official with a lengthy career in the party and government bureaucracy.

===Military===
Chongqing was the wartime capital of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War (i.e., World War II), and from 1938 to 1946,<ref name="Chongqing: The modern period">{{cite encyclopedia | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chongqing/Administration-and-society#toc10770 | title=Chongqing History: The Modern Period | publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online | encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica | access-date=31 July 2016 | author=Kuo, Ping-chia | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622174649/http://www.britannica.com/place/Chongqing/Administration-and-society#toc10770 | archive-date=22 June 2016 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> the seat of administration for the Republic of China's government before its departure to Nanjing and then Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.cq.gov.cn/AboutChongqing/1920.htm |title=Chongqing, once a wartime capitol |publisher=En.cq.gov.cn |date=14 March 1997 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630171340/http://en.cq.gov.cn/AboutChongqing/1920.htm |archive-date=30 June 2012 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> After the eventual defeat at the Battle of Wuhan General Chiang-Kai Shek and the army were forced to use it as base of resistance from 1938 onwards.<ref name="Revisiting Chongqing: China's Secon"/> It also contains a military museum named after the Chinese Korean War hero Qiu Shaoyun.<ref name="sxrtvu">{{cite web|url=http://vod.sxrtvu.edu:8081/englishonline/culture/chinaculture/chinaculture/en_museum/2003-09/24/content_30254.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203010137/http://vod.sxrtvu.edu:8081/englishonline/culture/chinaculture/chinaculture/en_museum/2003-09/24/content_30254.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2013|title=Qiu Shaoyun Memorial Hall |access-date=16 October 2016}}</ref>

Chongqing used to be the headquarters of the 13th Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the two group armies that formerly comprised the Chengdu Military Region, which in 2016 was re-organized into the Western Theater Command.<ref>{{cite web |first=John |last=Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/13ga.htm |title=A history of the 13th Army Group |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |date=21 November 2003 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313004857/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/13ga.htm |archive-date=13 March 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

=== Administrative divisions ===

Chongqing is the largest of the four direct-controlled municipalities of the People's Republic of China. The municipality is divided into 38 subdivisions (3 were abolished in 1997, and Wansheng and Shuangqiao districts were abolished in October 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.163.com/11/1027/18/7HD2AKAQ00014JB5.html |script-title=zh:重庆调整部分行政区划：4区(县)并为2区 |website=News.163.com |date=17 March 2010 |access-date=10 December 2013  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031082259/http://news.163.com/11/1027/18/7HD2AKAQ00014JB5.html |archive-date=31 October 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>), consisting of 26 districts, 8 counties, and 4 autonomous counties. The boundaries of Chongqing municipality reach much farther into the city's hinterland than the boundaries of the other three provincial level municipalities (Beijing, Shanghai and [[Place:Tianjin|Tianjin]]), and much of its administrative area, which spans over {{convert|80000|sqkm|sqmi|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}, is rural. At the end of year 2018, the total population is 31.02 million.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="14" |Administrative divisions of Chongqing
|-
| colspan="14" | <div class="center" style="position: relative">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Chongqing 1.svg|width=890|link=}}
{{Image label|x=530|y=300|scale=890/890|text='''Wanzhou'''}}
{{Image label|x=360|y=460|scale=890/890|text='''Fuling'''}}
{{Image label|x=240|y=488|scale=890/890|text='''1'''}}
{{Image label|x=181|y=127|scale=890/890|text='''Yuzhong'''}}<!--insert-->
{{Image label|x=230|y=505|scale=890/890|text='''2'''}}
{{Image label|x=100|y=230|scale=890/890|text='''Dadukou'''}}<!--insert-->
{{Image label|x=280|y=475|scale=890/890|text='''3'''}}
{{Image label|x=180|y=110|scale=890/890|text='''Jiangbei'''}}<!--insert-->
{{Image label|x=210|y=470|scale=890/890|text='''4'''}}
{{Image label|x=060|y=080|scale=890/890|text='''Shapingba'''}}<!--insert-->
{{Image label|x=210|y=500|scale=890/890|text='''5'''}}
{{Image label|x=060|y=190|scale=890/890|text='''Jiulongpo'''}}<!--insert-->
{{Image label|x=257|y=490|scale=890/890|text='''6'''}}
{{Image label|x=260|y=140|scale=890/890|text='''Nan'an'''}}<!--insert-->
{{Image label|x=215|y=440|scale=890/890|text='''Beibei'''}}
{{Image label|x=250|y=600|scale=890/890|text='''Qijiang'''}}
{{Image label|x=090|y=470|scale=890/890|text='''Dazu'''}}
{{Image label|x=265|y=440|scale=890/890|text='''Yubei'''}}
{{Image label|x=180|y=080|scale=890/890|text='''Yubei'''}}<!--insert-->
{{Image label|x=255|y=525|scale=890/890|text='''Banan'''}}
{{Image label|x=250|y=215|scale=890/890|text='''Banan'''}}<!--insert-->
{{Image label|x=580|y=510|scale=890/890|text='''Qianjiang'''}}
{{Image label|x=310|y=420|scale=890/890|text='''Changshou'''}}
{{Image label|x=160|y=560|scale=890/890|text='''Jiangjin'''}}
{{Image label|x=180|y=400|scale=890/890|text='''Hechuan'''}}
{{Image label|x=090|y=525|scale=890/890|text='''Yongchuan'''}}
{{Image label|x=315|y=555|scale=890/890|text='''Nanchuan'''}}
{{Image label|x=185|y=460|scale=890/890|text={{Vertical text|style=font-size:75%;|'''Bishan'''}}}}
{{Image label|x=125|y=440|scale=890/890|text='''Tongliang'''}}
{{Image label|x=090|y=385|scale=890/890|text='''Tongnan'''}}
{{Image label|x=037|y=510|scale=890/890|text='''Rongchang'''}}
{{Image label|x=525|y=200|scale=890/890|text='''Kaizhou'''}}
{{Image label|x=415|y=305|scale=890/890|text='''Liangping'''}}
{{Image label|x=410|y=520|scale=890/890|text='''Wulong'''}}
{{Image label|x=585|y=095|scale=890/890|text='''Chengkou<br />County'''}}
{{Image label|x=435|y=430|scale=890/890|text='''Fengdu<br />County'''}}
{{Image label|x=360|y=360|scale=890/890|text='''Dianjiang<br />County'''}}
{{Image label|x=443|y=350|scale=890/890|text='''Zhong<br />County'''}}
{{Image label|x=590|y=235|scale=890/890|text='''Yunyang<br />County'''}}
{{Image label|x=695|y=240|scale=890/890|text='''Fengjie<br />County'''}}
{{Image label|x=785|y=220|scale=890/890|text='''Wushan<br />County'''}}
{{Image label|x=690|y=150|scale=890/890|text='''Wuxi<br />County'''}}
{{Image label|x=510|y=390|scale=890/890|text='''Shizhu<br />County'''}}
{{Image label|x=627|y=660|scale=890/890|text='''Xiushan<br />County'''}}
{{Image label|x=590|y=590|scale=890/890|text='''Youyang<br />County'''}}
{{Image label|x=495|y=520|scale=890/890|text='''Pengshui<br />County'''}}
{{Image label|x=605|y=350|scale=890/890|text='''1. Yuzhong'''}}
{{Image label|x=605|y=370|scale=890/890|text='''2. Dadukou'''}}
{{Image label|x=605|y=390|scale=890/890|text='''3. Jiangbei'''}}
{{Image label|x=605|y=410|scale=890/890|text='''4. Shapingba'''}}
{{Image label|x=605|y=430|scale=890/890|text='''5. Jiulongpo'''}}
{{Image label|x=605|y=450|scale=890/890|text='''6. Nan'an'''}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|-
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Division code<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/index.html |script-title=zh:国家统计局统计用区划代码 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China |language=zh-hans  |access-date=9 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405092331/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/index.html |archive-date=5 April 2013 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Division
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Area in km<sup>2</sup><ref>{{lang|zh-hans|《保定经济统计年鉴2011》}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=May 2019}}
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Total population 2010<ref>{{cite book <!--|editor1 =Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China |editor2 = Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China --> |script-title=zh:中国2010年人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 |year = 2012 |publisher=China Statistics Print |location=Beijing |isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2 |edition = 1st }}<!--|access-date=25 November 2015--></ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Urban area<br />population 2010<ref name="2010PRCcensus">{{cite book |editor= 国务院人口普查办公室 |editor2=国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司 |year = 2012 |script-title=zh:中国2010年人口普查分县资料 |location=Beijing |publisher=China Statistics Print |isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6 }}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Seat
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Postal code
!! scope="col" colspan=8 | Subdivisions<ref>{{lang|zh-hans|《中国民政统计年鉴2012》}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=November 2018}}
|-
!! scope="col" width="45" | Subdistricts
!! scope="col" width="45" | Towns
!! scope="col" width="45" | Townships<br />{{#tag:ref|Including other township related subdivisions.|name=other|group=n}}
!! scope="col" width="45" | Ethnic townships
!! scope="col" width="45" | Residential communities
!! scope="col" width="45" | Villages
|- style="font-weight: bold"
! 500000 !! Chongqing
| 82403 || 28,846,170 || 15295803 || Yuzhong || 400000 || 181 || 567 || 233 || 14 || 2324 || 5235
|-
! 500101 !! Wanzhou
| 3457 || 1,563,050 || 859,662 || Chenjiaba Subdistrict || 404000 || 11 || 29 || 10 || 2 || 187 || 448
|-
! 500102 !! Fuling
| 2946 || 1,066,714 || 595,224 || Lizhi Subdistrict || 408000 || 8 || 12 || 6 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 108 || 310
|-
! 500103 !! Yuzhong
| 23 ||colspan="2"| 630,090 || Qixinggang Subdistrict || 400000 || 12 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 78 ||bgcolor="grey"|
|-
! 500104 !! Dadukou
| 102 || 301,042 || 280,512 || Xinshancun Subdistrict || 400000 || 5 || 2 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 48 || 32
|-
! 500105 !! Jiangbei
| 221 || 738,003 || 672,545 || Cuntan Subdistrict || 400000 || 9 || 3 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 88 || 48
|-
! 500106 !! Shapingba
| 396 || 1,000,013 || 900,568 || Qinjiagang Subdistrict || 400000 || 18 || 8 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 140 || 86
|-
! 500107 !! Jiulongpo
| 431 || 1,084,419 || 939,349 || Yangjiaping Subdistrict || 400000 || 7 || 11 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 107 || 105
|-
! 500108 !! Nan'an
| 263 || 759,570 || 683,717 || Tianwen Subdistrict || 400000 || 7 || 7 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 85 || 61
|-
! 500109 !! Beibei
| 754 || 680,360 || 501,822 || Beiwenquan Subdistrict || 400700 || 5 || 12 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 63 || 117
|-
! 500110 !! Qijiang
| 2747 || 1,056,817 || 513,935 || Gunan Subdistrict || 400800 || 5 || 25 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 99 || 365
|-
! 500111 !! Dazu
| 1433 || 721,359 || 315,183 || Tangxiang Subdistrict || 400900 || 3 || 24 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 103 || 197
|-
! 500112 !! Yubei
| 1452 || 1,345,410 || 985,918 || Shuangfengqiao Subdistrict || 401100 || 14 || 12 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 155 || 215
|-
! 500113 !! Banan
| 1834 || 918,692 || 669,269 || Longzhouwan Subdistrict || 401300 || 8 || 14 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 87 || 198
|-
! 500114 !! Qianjiang
| 2397 || 445,012 || 173,997 || Chengxi Subdistrict || 409700 || 6 || 12 || 12 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 80 || 138
|-
! 500115 !! Changshou
| 1423 || 770,009 || 408,261 || Fengcheng Subdistrict || 401200 || 4 || 14 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 31 || 223
|-
! 500116 !! Jiangjin
| 3200 || 1,233,149 || 686,189 || Jijiang Subdistrict || 402200 || 4 || 24 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 85 || 180
|-
! 500117 !! Hechuan
| 2356 || 1,293,028 || 721,753 || Nanjin Street Subdistrict || 401500 || 7 || 23 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 61 || 327
|-
! 500118 !! Yongchuan
| 1576 || 1,024,708 || 582,769 || Zhongshan Road Subdistrict || 402100 || 7 || 16 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 52 || 208
|-
! 500119 !! Nanchuan
| 2602 || 534,329 || 255,045 || Dongcheng Subdistrict || 408400 || 3 || 15 || 15 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 58 || 185
|-
! 500120 !! Bishan
| 912 || 586,034 || 246,425 || Bicheng Subdistrict || 402700 || 6 || 9 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 43 || 142
|-
! 500151 !! Tongliang
| 1342 || 600,086 || 248,962 || Bachuan Subdistrict || 402500 || 3 || 25 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 57 || 269
|-
! 500152 !! Tongnan
| 1585 || 639,985 || 247,084 || Guilin Subdistrict || 402600 || 2 || 20 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 21 || 281
|-
! 500153 !! Rongchang
| 1079 || 661,253 || 271,232 || Changyuan Subdistrict || 402400 || 6 || 15 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 75 || 92
|-
! 500154 !! Kaizhou
| 3959 || 1,160,336 || 416,415 || Hanfeng Subdistrict || 405400 || 7 || 26 || 7 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 78 || 435
|-
! 500155 !! Liangping
| 1890 || 687,525 || 235,753 || Liangshan Subdistrict || 405200 || 2 || 26 || 7 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 33 || 310
|-
! 500156 !! Wulong
| 2872 || 351,038 || 115,823 || Gangkou town || 408500 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 12 || 10 || 4 || 24 || 184
|-
! 500229 !! Chengkou Co.
| 3286 || 192,967 || 49,039 || Gecheng Subdistrict || 405900 || 2 || 6 || 17 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 22 || 184
|-
! 500230 !! Fengdu Co.
| 2896 || 649,182 || 224,003 || Sanhe Subdistrict || 408200 || 2 || 23 || 5 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 53 || 277
|-
! 500231 !! Dianjiang Co.
| 1518 || 704,458 || 241,424 || Guixi Subdistrict || 408300 || 2 || 23 || 2 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 62 || 236
|-
! 500233 !! Zhong Co.
| 2184 || 751,424 || 247,406 || Zhongzhou town || 404300 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 22 || 5 || 1 || 49 || 317
|-
! 500235 !! Yunyang Co.
| 3634 || 912,912 || 293,636 || Shuangjiang Subdistrict || 404500 || 4 || 22 || 15 || 1 || 87 || 391
|-
! 500236 !! Fengjie Co.
| 4087 || 834,259 || 269,302 || Yong'an town || 404600 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 19 || 8 || 4 || 54 || 332
|-
! 500237 !! Wushan Co.
| 2958 || 495,072 || 148,597 || Gaotang Subdistrict || 404700 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 11 || 12 || 2 || 30 || 308
|-
! 500238 !! Wuxi Co.
| 4030 || 414,073 || 105,111 || Baichang Subdistrict || 405800 || 2 || 15 || 16 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 38 || 292
|-
! 500240 !! Shizhu Co.
| 3013 || 415,050 || 134,173 || Nanbin town || 409100 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 17 || 15 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 29 || 213
|-
! 500241 !! Xiushan Co.
| 2450 || 501,590 || 150,566 || Zhonghe Subdistrict || 409900 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 14 || 18 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 59 || 208
|-
! 500242 !! Youyang Co.
| 5173 || 578,058 || 137,635 || Taohuayuan town || 409800 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 15 || 23 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 8 || 270
|-
! 500243 !! Pengshui Co.
| 3903 || 545,094 || 137,409 || Hanjia Subdistrict || 409600 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 11 || 28 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 55 || 241
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="5" | Divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations
|-
! English
! Chinese
! Hanyu Pinyin
! Sichuanese Pinyin
|-
! Chongqing Municipality
| {{lang|zh-hans|重庆市}}
| Chóngqìng Shì
| cong<sup>2</sup> qin<sup>4</sup> si<sup>4</sup>
|-
! Wanzhou District
| {{lang|zh-hans|万州区}}
| Wànzhōu Qū
| wan<sup>4</sup> zou<sup>2</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Fuling District
| {{lang|zh-hans|涪陵区}}
| Fúlíng Qū
| <!-- qu<sup>1</sup>-->
|-
! Yuzhong District
| {{lang|zh-hans|渝中区}}
| Yúzhōng Qū
| yu<sup>2</sup> zong<sup>1</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Dadukou District
| {{lang|zh-hans|大渡口区}}
| Dàdùkǒu Qū
| da<sup>4</sup> du<sup>4</sup> kou<sup>3</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Jiangbei District
| {{lang|zh-hans|江北区}}
| Jiāngběi Qū
| jiang<sup>1</sup> be<sup>2</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Shapingba District
| {{lang|zh-hans|沙坪坝区}}
| Shāpíngbà Qū
| sa<sup>1</sup> pin<sup>2</sup> ba<sup>4</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Jiulongpo District
| {{lang|zh-hans|九龙坡区}}
| Jiǔlóngpō Qū
| <!--jiu<sup>3</sup> nong<sup>2</sup>  qu<sup>1</sup>-->
|-
! Nan'an District
| {{lang|zh-hans|南岸区}}
| Nán'àn Qū
| lan<sup>2</sup> ngan<sup>4</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Beibei District
| {{lang|zh-hans|北碚区}}
| Běibèi Qū
| <!--be<sup>2</sup>  qu<sup>1</sup>-->
|-
! Qijiang District
| {{lang|zh-hans|綦江区}}
| Qíjiāng Qū
| <!-- jiang<sup>1</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>-->
|-
! Dazu District
| {{lang|zh-hans|大足区}}
| Dàzú Qū
| <!--da<sup>4</sup>  qu<sup>1</sup>-->
|-
! Yubei District
| {{lang|zh-hans|渝北区}}
| Yúběi Qū
| yu<sup>2</sup> be<sup>2</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Banan District
| {{lang|zh-hans|巴南区}}
| Bānán Qū
| ba<sup>1</sup> lan<sup>2</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Qianjiang District
| {{lang|zh-hans|黔江区}}
| Qiánjiāng Qū
| <!-- jiang<sup>1</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>-->
|-
! Changshou District
| {{lang|zh-hans|长寿区}}
| Chángshòu Qū
| <!-- qu<sup>1</sup>-->
|-
! Jiangjin District
| {{lang|zh-hans|江津区}}
| Jiāngjīn Qū
| jiang<sup>1</sup> jin<sup>1</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Hechuan District
| {{lang|zh-hans|合川区}}
| Héchuān Qū
| ho<sup>2</sup> cuan<sup>1</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Yongchuan District
| {{lang|zh-hans|永川区}}
| Yǒngchuān Qū
| yun<sup>3</sup> cuan<sup>1</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Nanchuan District
| {{lang|zh-hans|南川区}}
| Nánchuān Qū
| lan<sup>2</sup> cuan<sup>1</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Bishan District
| {{lang|zh-hans|璧山区}}
| Bìshān Qū
| <!--san<sup>1</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>-->
|-
! Tongliang District
| {{lang|zh-hans|铜梁区}}
| Tóngliáng Qū
| <!-- qu<sup>1</sup>-->
|-
! Tongnan District
| {{lang|zh-hans|潼南区}}
| Tóngnán Qū
| <!-- lan<sup>2</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>-->
|-
! Rongchang District
| {{lang|zh-hans|荣昌区}}
| Róngchāng Qū
| <!--yun<sup>2</sup>  qu<sup>1</sup>-->
|-
! Kaizhou District
| {{lang|zh-hans|开州区}}
| Kāizhōu Qū
| kai<sup>1</sup> zou<sup>1</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Liangping District
| {{lang|zh-hans|梁平区}}
| Liángpíng Qū
| <!-- pin<sup>2</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>-->
|-
! Wulong District
| {{lang|zh-hans|武隆区}}
| Wǔlóng Qū
| wu<sup>3</sup> nong<sup>2</sup> qu<sup>1</sup>
|-
! Chengkou County
| {{lang|zh-hans|城口县}}
| Chéngkǒu Xiàn
| cen<sup>2</sup> kou<sup>3</sup> xian<sup>3</sup>
|-
! Fengdu County
| {{lang|zh-hans|丰都县}}
| Fēngdū Xiàn
| <!-- du<sup>1</sup> xian<sup>3</sup>-->
|-
! Dianjiang County
| {{lang|zh-hans|垫江县}}
| Diànjiāng Xiàn
| <!-- jiang<sup>1</sup> qu<sup>1</sup> xian<sup>3</sup>-->
|-
! Zhong County
| {{lang|zh-hans|忠县}}
| Zhōngxiàn
| zong<sup>1</sup> xian<sup>3</sup>
|-
! Yunyang County
| {{lang|zh-hans|云阳县}}
| Yúnyáng Xiàn
| yun<sup>2</sup> yang<sup>2</sup> xian<sup>3</sup>
|-
! Fengjie County
| {{lang|zh-hans|奉节县}}
| Fèngjié Xiàn
| <!-- jie<sup>2</sup> xian<sup>3</sup>-->
|-
! Wushan County
| {{lang|zh-hans|巫山县}}
| Wūshān Xiàn
| <!--san<sup>1</sup> xian<sup>3</sup>-->
|-
! Wuxi County
| {{lang|zh-hans|巫溪县}}
| Wūxī Xiàn
| <!-- qi<sup>1</sup> xian<sup>3</sup>-->
|-
! Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County
| {{lang|zh-hans|石柱土家族自治县}}
| Shízhù Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn
| <!-- xian<sup>3</sup>-->
|-
! Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County
| {{lang|zh-hans|秀山土家族苗族自治县}}
| Xiùshān Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn
| <!-- san<sup>1</sup> xian<sup>3</sup>-->
|-
! Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County
| {{lang|zh-hans|酉阳土家族苗族自治县}}
| Yǒuyáng Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn
| <!-- yang<sup>2</sup> xian<sup>3</sup>-->
|-
! Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County
| {{lang|zh-hans|彭水苗族土家族自治县}}
| Péngshuǐ Miáozú Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn
| <!--pen<sup>2</sup>  xian<sup>3</sup>-->
|}
{{reflist|group=n}}

====Urban areas====
{|class="wikitable sortable collapsible"
! colspan="6" | Population by urban areas of districts
|-
!#!!City!!style ="background-color: #aaaaff;"|Urban area<ref name="2010PRCcensus"/>!!style ="background-color: #aaffaa;"|District area<ref name="2010PRCcensus" />!!Census date
|-
|1||Chongqing{{efn-lr|name=Chongqing|Chongqing core districts are consist of nine districts: Yuzhong, Dadukou, Jiangbei, Shapingba, Jiulongpo, Nan'an, Beibei, Yubei, & Banan.}}||6,263,790||7,457,599||2010-11-01
|-
|2||Wanzhou||859,662||1,563,050||2010-11-01
|-
|3||Hechuan||721,753||1,293,028||2010-11-01
|-
|4||Jiangjin||686,189||1,233,149||2010-11-01
|-
|5||Fuling||595,224||1,066,714||2010-11-01
|-
|6||Yongchuan||582,769||1,024,708||2010-11-01
|-
|7||Qijiang{{efn-lr|name=Qijiang|Wansheng & Qijiang County currently known as Qijiang after census.}}||513,935||1,056,817||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
|(8)||Kaizhou{{efn-lr|name=Kaizhou|Kaizhou County is currently known as Kaizhou after census.}}||416,415||1,160,336||2010-11-01
|-
|9||Changshou||408,261||770,009||2010-11-01
|-
|10||Dazu{{efn-lr|name=Dazu|Shuangqiao & Dazu County currently known as Dazu after census.}}||315,183||721,359||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
|(11)||Rongchang{{efn-lr|name=Rongchang|Rongchang County is currently known as Rongchang after census.}}||271,232||661,253||2010-11-01
|-
|12||Nanchuan||255,045||534,329||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
|(13)||Tongliang{{efn-lr|name=Tongliang|Tongliang County is currently known as Tongliang after census.}}||248,962||600,086||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
|(14)||Tongnan{{efn-lr|name=Tongnan|Tongnan County is currently known as Tongnan after census.}}||247,084||639,985||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
|(15)||Bishan{{efn-lr|name=Bishan|Bishan County is currently known as Bishan after census.}}||246,425||586,034||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
|(16)||Liangping{{efn-lr|name=Liangping|Liangping County is currently known as Liangping after census.}}||235,753||687,525||2010-11-01
|-
|17||Qianjiang||173,997||445,012||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
|(18)||Wulong{{efn-lr|name=Wulong|Wulong County is currently known as Wulong after census.}}||115,823||351,038||2010-11-01
|}
{{notelist-lr}}
{{Clear}}

{{col-begin|width=auto}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|+ '''<big>Districts</big>'''
! [[Pinyin]] name !! Previous<br/>association{{smallsup|a}}</tr>
| Banan ||rowspan="6"| Chongqing</tr>
| Beibei </tr>
| Bishan</tr>
| Changshou</tr>
| Dadukou</tr>
| Dazu</tr>
| Fuling|| Fuling</tr>
| Hechuan ||rowspan="4"| Chongqing</tr>
| Jiangbei</tr>
| Jiangjin</tr>
| Jiulongpo</tr>
| Kaizhou                  ||rowspan="2"| Wanxian</tr>
| Liangping</tr>
| Nan'an                || Chongqing</tr>
| Nanchuan            || Fuling</tr>
| Qianjiang          || Qianjiang</tr>
| Shapingba          ||rowspan="5"| Chongqing</tr>
| Tongliang</tr>
| Tongnan</tr>
| Qijiang</tr>
| Rongchang</tr>
| Wanzhou              ||| Wanxian</tr>
| Wulong            || Fuling</tr>
| Yubei                  ||rowspan="3"| Chongqing</tr>
| Yongchuan</tr>
| Yuzhong</tr>
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|+ '''<big>Counties</big>'''
! [[Pinyin]] name !! Previous<br/>association{{smallsup|a}}</tr>
| Chengkou        || Wanxian</tr>
| Dianjiang      ||rowspan="2"| Fuling</tr>
| Fengdu</tr>
| Fengjie          ||rowspan="5"| Wanxian</tr>
| Wushan</tr>
| Wuxi</tr>
| Yunyang</tr>
| Zhong</tr>
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|+ '''<big>Autonomous counties</big>'''
! [[Pinyin]] name !! Previous<br/>association{{smallsup|a}}
|-
| Pengshui ||rowspan="4"| Qianjiang</tr>
|-
| Shizhu</tr>
|-
| Xiushan</tr>
|-
| Youyang</tr>
|}
{{col-end}}

{{smaller|<sup>a</sup> Indicates with which district the division was associated below prior to the merging of Chongqing, Fuling, Wanxian (now Wanzhou) and Qianjiang in 1997.}}

====Central Chongqing====
[[File:A View of Chongqing Central Business District.jpg|thumb|Jiefangbei CBD, Yuzhong Peninsula of Chongqing at night]]
The main urban area of Chongqing city ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆主城区}}) spans approximately {{convert|5473|km2|abbr=on}}, and includes the following nine districts:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.cq.gov.cn/Government/OfficialRelease/2013/9/23/1064607.shtml |title=Position of Five Function Districts in Chongqing |publisher=Chongqing Municipal Government |date=22 September 2013 |access-date=26 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121233811/http://en.cq.gov.cn/Government/OfficialRelease/2013/9/23/1064607.shtml |archive-date=21 November 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://cq.cqnews.net/cqztlm/node_253631.htm |script-title=zh:五大功能区域: 都市功能核心区 |trans-title=Five Functional Districts: Urban-function Core District |publisher=CQNEWS Corporation |access-date=26 May 2015  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527114132/http://cq.cqnews.net/cqztlm/node_253631.htm |archive-date=27 May 2015 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>
* Yuzhong District ({{lang|zh-Hans|渝中区}}, or "Central Chongqing District"), the central and most densely populated district, where government and international business offices and the city's best shopping are located in the district's Jeifangbei CBD area. Yuzhong is located on the peninsula surrounded by Eling Hill, Yangtze River and Jialing River.
* Jiangbei District ({{lang|zh-hans|江北区}}, or "River North District"), located to the north of Jialing River.
* Shapingba District ({{lang|zh-hans|沙坪坝区}}), roughly located between Jialing River and Zhongliang Mountain.
* Jiulongpo District ({{lang|zh-hans|九龙坡区}}), roughly located between Yangtze River and Zhongliang Mountain.
* Nan'an District ({{lang|zh-hans|南岸区}}, or "Southern Bank District"), located on the south side of Yangtze River.
* Dadukou District ({{lang|zh-hans|大渡口区}})
* Banan District ({{lang|zh-hans|巴南区}}, or "Southern Chongqing District"). Previously called Ba County, and changed to the current name in 1994. Its northern area merged into Chongqing, and its capital town Yudong is a satellite city of Chongqing.
* Yubei District ({{lang|zh-hans|渝北区}}, or "Northern Chongqing District"). Previously called Jiangbei County, and changed into the current name in 1994. Its southern area merged into Chongqing, and the capital town Lianglu Town is a satellite city of Chongqing.
* Beibei District ({{lang|zh-hans|北碚区}}), a satellite city northwest of Chongqing.

== Demographics ==
=== Population ===
[[File:Jiefangbei (People's Liberation Monument).jpg|thumb|left|Jiefangbei (People's Liberation Monument), the landmark and center of Chongqing]]

{{Historical populations
|type=China
|1949|1003000
|1979|6301000
|1983|13890000
|1996|15297000
|1997<ref name="statyb2014">{{cite web
|url=http://jtj.cq.gov.cn/html/tjsj/tjnj/
|trans-title=Statistical Yearbook 2014
|script-title=zh:统计年鉴2014
|publisher=Statistics Bureau of Chongqing
| language = zh-hans
|date=9 February 2015
|access-date=1 May 2015
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402073159/http://jtj.cq.gov.cn/html/tjsj/tjnj/
|archive-date=2 April 2015
}}</ref>*|28753000
|2000<ref name="statyb2014"/>|28488200
|2005<ref name="statyb2014"/>|27980000
|2008<ref name="statyb2014"/>|28390000
|2012<ref name="statyb2014"/>|28846170
|2013<ref name="statyb2014"/>|29700000
|2014<ref name="bulletin2014">{{cite web
|url=http://www.cqtj.gov.cn/html/tjsj/tjgb/15/03/7345.html
|trans-title=Chongqing Economic and Social Development Statistical Bulletin 2014
|script-title=zh:2014年重庆市国民经济和社会发展统计公报
|publisher=Chongqing Bureau of Statistics
|language = zh-Hans
|date=16 March 2015
|access-date=1 May 2015
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523021109/http://www.cqtj.gov.cn/html/tjsj/tjgb/15/03/7345.html
|archive-date=23 May 2015
}}</ref>|29914000
|2015<ref name="bulletin2015">
{{cite web
|url=http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103
|title=Annual Total Population by Provinces
|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics China
|language=en
|access-date=15 May 2018
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419130250/http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103
|archive-date=19 April 2016
|url-status=live
}}
</ref>|30170000
|footnote = <nowiki>*</nowiki>Population size in 1997 was affected by expansion of administrative divisions.
}}

According to a July 2010 article from the official Xinhua news agency, the municipality has a population of 32.8&nbsp;million, including 23.3&nbsp;million farmers. Among them, 8.4&nbsp;million farmers have become migrant workers, including 3.9&nbsp;million working and living in urban areas of Chongqing.<ref name="Pop2010">{{cite news
 |title       = China's Chongqing starts household registration reform
 |url         = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-07/29/c_13420830.htm
 |publisher   = Xinhua News
 |date        = 2 July 2010
|access-date  = 12 August 2010
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20100821184719/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-07/29/c_13420830.htm
 |archive-date = 21 August 2010
|df          = dmy-all
}}</ref>
{{As of|2010|lc=y}}, the metropolitan area encompassing the central urban area was estimated by the [[Organization:OECD|OECD]] to have, a population of 17 million.<ref>{{cite news|last1=CNBC.com|first1=Justina Crabtree; special to|title=A tale of megacities: China's largest metropolises|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/20/biggest-megacities-in-china.html|work=CNBC|date=20 September 2016|quote=slide 8|access-date=8 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209044105/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/20/biggest-megacities-in-china.html|archive-date=9 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="oecd2015">{{cite book|doi=10.1787/9789264230040-en|title=OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015, OECD READ edition|url=http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en#page39|publisher=OECD|page=37|website=OECD iLibrary|language=en|date=18 April 2015|issn=2306-9341|isbn=9789264230033|series=OECD Urban Policy Reviews|access-date=8 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327210032/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en#page39|archive-date=27 March 2017|url-status=live}}Linked from the OECD [http://www.oecd.org/china/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015-9789264230040-en.htm here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209044027/http://www.oecd.org/china/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015-9789264230040-en.htm |date=9 December 2017 }}</ref>

This would mean that the locally registered farmers who work in other jurisdictions number 4.5&nbsp;million, reducing the local, year-round population of Chongqing in 2010 to 28.3&nbsp;million, plus those who are registered in other jurisdictions but live and work in Chongqing. According to China's 2005 statistical yearbook, of a total population of 30.55&nbsp;million, those with residence registered in other jurisdictions but residing in the Chongqing enumeration area numbered 1.4&nbsp;million, including 46,000 who resided in Chongqing "for less than half-year". An additional 83,000 had registered in Chongqing, but not yet settled there.<ref name="Pop2005a">
{{cite web
 |title=Residence Status of Population by Region and Sex (2004)
 |url=http://www.allcountries.org/china_statistics/4_8_residence_status_of_population_by.html
 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China, in allcountries.org
 |year=2005
 |access-date=12 August 2010
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204064929/http://www.allcountries.org/china_statistics/4_8_residence_status_of_population_by.html
 |archive-date=4 December 2010
|url-status=live
 }}
</ref>

The 2005 statistical yearbook also lists 15.22&nbsp;million (49.82%) males and 15.33&nbsp;million (50.18%) females.<ref name="Pop2005a"/>

In terms of age distribution in 2004, of the 30.55&nbsp;million total population, 6.4&nbsp;million (20.88%) were age 0–14, 20.7&nbsp;million (67.69%) were 15–64, and 3.5&nbsp;million (11.46%) were 65 and over.<ref name="Pop2005b">
{{cite web
 |title=Age Composition and Dependency Ratio of Population by Region (2004)
 |url=http://www.allcountries.org/china_statistics/4_9_age_composition_and_dependency_ratio.html
 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China, in allcountries.org
 |year=2005
 |access-date=12 August 2010
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204033531/http://www.allcountries.org/china_statistics/4_9_age_composition_and_dependency_ratio.html
 |archive-date=4 December 2010
|url-status=live
 }}
</ref>

Of a total 10,470,000 households (2004), 1,360,000 consisted of one person, 2,940,000 two-person, 3,190,000 three-person, 1,790,000 four-person, 783,000 five-person, 270,000 six-person, 89,000 seven-person, 28,000 eight-person, 6,000 nine-person, and 10,000 households of 10 or more persons per household.<ref name="Pop2005c">
{{cite web
 |title=Number and Size of Family Households by Region (2004)
 |url=http://www.allcountries.org/china_statistics/4_13_number_and_size_of_family.html
 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China, in allcountries.org
 |year=2005
 |access-date=12 August 2010
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204065428/http://www.allcountries.org/china_statistics/4_13_number_and_size_of_family.html
 |archive-date=4 December 2010
|url-status=live
 }}
</ref>

=== Religion ===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Religion in Chongqing<ref name="Wang2015">China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Report by: [https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15)] {{webarchive |url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 |date = 25 September 2015 }}</ref>{{NoteTag|The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015)<ref name="Wang2015" /> in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② folk traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people practicing ancestral worship are often classified into lineage "churches" and ancestral shrines). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, etc.) was not reported by Wang.}}
|label1 = Chinese ancestral religion
|value1 = 26.63
|color1 = #F5F5F5
|label2 = Christianity
|value2 = 1.05
|color2 = #A1887F
|label3 = Other or no religion{{NoteTag|This may include:
* [[Religion:Buddhism|Buddhists]];
* [[Philosophy:Confucianism|Confucians]];
* [[Religion:Chinese folk religion|Folk religionists]];
* [[Philosophy:Taoism|Taoists]];
* Members of folk religious sects;
* Small minorities of [[Religion:Muslim|Muslim]]s;
* And people not bounded to, nor practicing any, institutional or diffuse religion.}}
|value3 = 72.32
|color3 = Lightgrey
}}

The predominant religions in Chongqing are [[Religion:Chinese folk religion|Chinese folk religion]]s, [[Philosophy:Taoism|Taoist traditions]] and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 26.63% of the population believes and is involved in cults of ancestors, while 1.05% of the population identifies as [[Religion:Christianity|Christian]].<ref name="Wang2015"/>

The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 72.32% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in [[Religion:Chinese folk religion|worship of nature deities]], Buddhism, [[Philosophy:Confucianism|Confucianism]], Taoism, folk religious sects

In 2010, there were 9,056 [[Religion:Muslims|Muslims]] in Chongqing<ref>{{Cite web|title=Muslim in China, Muslim Population & Distribution & Minority in China|url=https://www.topchinatravel.com/china-muslim/muslim-in-china.htm|access-date=2021-08-04|website=www.topchinatravel.com}}</ref>

{{multiple image
| align        = center
| direction    = horizontal
| width        = 150

| image1    = Large statue on hilltop at Fengdu Ghost City.JPG
| caption1  = The [[Religion:Jade Emperor|Jade Emperor]] at the Fengdu Ghost City

| image2    = 重慶華巖寺接引殿牌坊.JPG
| caption2  = Buddhist temple in Jiulongpo
}}
{{clear}}

==Economy==


Chongqing is facing rapid [[Earth:Urbanization|urbanization]]. For instance, statistics<ref>{{cite book |title=Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything |first1=Don |last1=Tapscott |first2=Anthony D. |last2=Williams |publisher=Penguin |page=218 |year=2006 |isbn=9781591843672 }}</ref> suggest that new construction added approximately {{convert|137,000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} daily of usable floor space to satisfy demands for residential, commercial and factory space. In addition, more than 1,300 people moved into the city daily, adding almost 100&nbsp;million yuan (US$15&nbsp;million) to the local economy. Thus, Chongqing was separated from Sichuan province and made into a municipality in its own right on 14 March 1997<ref>{{cite web |url=http://au.china-embassy.org/eng/xw/t331343.htm |title=Chinese vice premier urges Chongqing to become economic engine for western regions |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023449/http://au.china-embassy.org/eng/xw/t331343.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |work=Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Australia |access-date=31 January 2009 }}</ref> in order to accelerate its development and subsequently China's relatively poorer western areas (see China Western Development strategy).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/31/content_10587431.htm |title=China urges reform, development of Chongqing municipality |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823091135/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/31/content_10587431.htm |archive-date=23 August 2013 |newspaper=Xinhua News Agency |access-date=31 January 2009 }}</ref> An important industrial area in western China,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tdctrade.com/mktprof/china/mpchq.htm |title=Market Profiles on Chinese Cities and Provinces (hktdc.com) |publisher=Tdctrade.com |access-date=14 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104094023/http://www.tdctrade.com/mktprof/china/mpchq.htm |archive-date=4 January 2006 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

Traditionally, due to its geographic inaccessibility, Chongqing and Sichuan have both been important military bases in weapons research and development.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.accci.com.au/keycity/chongqing.htm |title=Chongqing Municipality(重慶市) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307133351/http://www.accci.com.au/keycity/chongqing.htm |archive-date=7 March 2016 |work=The Australia-China Chamber of Commerce and Industry of New South Wales |access-date=31 January 2009 }}</ref> Even though Chongqing's industries are diversified, unlike eastern China, its export sector is small due to its relatively disadvantageous inland location. Instead, factories producing local-oriented consumer goods such as processed food, cars, chemicals, textiles, machinery, sports equipment and electronics are common.

Chongqing is China's third largest motor vehicle production center and the largest for motorcycles. In 2007, it had an annual output capacity of 1&nbsp;million cars and 8.6&nbsp;million motorcycles.<ref name="China Business Review 1">{{cite news |url=http://www.chinabusinessreview.com/pillar-of-the-west/ |title=Critical Eye on Chongqing – Pillar of the West  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406094935/http://www.chinabusinessreview.com/pillar-of-the-west/ |archive-date=6 April 2016 |work=China Business Review |access-date=31 January 2009 }}</ref> Leading makers of cars and motorbikes includes China's fourth biggest automaker; Changan Automotive Corp and Lifan Hongda Enterprise, as well as [[Company:Ford Motor Company|Ford Motor Company]], with the US car giant having 3 plants in Chongqing.  The municipality is also one of China's nine largest iron and steel producers in China as well as one of its three major aluminum producers. Important manufacturers include Chongqing Iron and Steel Company (重庆钢铁股份有限公司) and Southwest Aluminum (西南鋁業), which is Asia's largest aluminum plant.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4512015.stm |work=BBC News |title=China's west seeks to impress investors |date=4 May 2005 |access-date=28 April 2010 |first=Nick |last=MacKie |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613203549/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4512015.stm |archive-date=13 June 2006 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Agriculture remains significant. Rice and fruits, especially oranges, are the area's main produce. Natural resources are also abundant with large deposits of coal, natural gas, and more than 40 kinds of minerals such as [[Chemistry:Strontium|strontium]] and [[Chemistry:Manganese|manganese]]. Coal reserves total approximately {{convert|4,800,000,000|t|sp=us}}. Chuandong Natural Gas Field is China's largest inland gas field with deposits of around 270&nbsp;billion m<sup>3</sup> – more than 1/5 of China's total. Has China's largest reserve of strontium (China has the world's 2nd biggest strontium deposit). Manganese is mined in the Xiushan area. Although the mining sector has been denounced as heavily polluting and unsafe.<ref>A survey in 2005 by China's State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) found 13 firms in the manganese triangle had breached targets on the release of hexavalent chromium and ammonia-nitrogen – in the worst case, by a factor of 180. The cleanup ordered by SEPA resulted in firms closing and the expenditure of 280 million yuan.</ref> Chongqing is also planned to be the site of a 10&nbsp;million ton capacity refinery operated by CNPC (parent company of [[Company:PetroChina|PetroChina]]) to process imported crude oil from the Sino-Burma pipelines. The pipeline itself, though not yet finished, will eventually run from Sittwe (in Myanmar's western coast) through Kunming in Yunnan before reaching Chongqing<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/ID24Cb01.html |title=Asia Times Online: China Business News : China-Myanmar pipeline projects on track |website=Atimes.com |date=24 April 2007 |access-date=14 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207125648/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/ID24Cb01.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 |url-status=unfit  }}</ref> and it will provide China with fuels sourced from Myanmar, the Middle East and Africa. Recently, there has been a drive to move up the [[Social:Value chain|value chain]] by shifting towards high technology and knowledge intensive industries resulting in new development zones such as the Chongqing New North Zone (CNNZ).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnnz.gov.cn/en/view_04.asp |title=Main Industry in CNNZ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207115556/http://www.cnnz.gov.cn/en/view_04.asp |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Chongqing's local government is hoping through the promotion of favorable economic policies for the electronics and information technology sectors, that it can create a 400&nbsp;billion RMB high technology manufacturing hub which will surpass its car industry and account for 25% of its exports.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thechinaperspective.com/index.php?cmd=pharticle&articleid=6216|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716225715/http://thechinaperspective.com/index.php?cmd=pharticle&articleid=6216|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 July 2011 |title=China Business News : HP Foxcom Setup Laptop Plants in Chongqing |publisher=The China Perspective |access-date=14 March 2011 }}</ref>

The city has also invested heavily in infrastructure to attract investment.<ref name="China Business Review 1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allroadsleadtochina.com/index.php/2007/05/30/fdi-and-investment-zones-part-iii-chongqing/ |title=Chongqing Investment Zone Profiles |publisher=Allroadsleadtochina.com |date=30 May 2007 |access-date=14 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207143808/http://www.allroadsleadtochina.com/index.php/2007/05/30/fdi-and-investment-zones-part-iii-chongqing/ |archive-date=7 December 2008 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The network of roads and railways connecting Chongqing to the rest of China has been expanded and upgraded reducing [[Finance:Logistics|logistical]] costs. Furthermore, the nearby Three Gorges Dam which is the world's largest, supplies Chongqing with power and allows oceangoing ships to reach Chongqing's Yangtze River port.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/china.50/asian.superpower/three.gorges |title=China's Three Gorges Dam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503201210/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/china.50/asian.superpower/three.gorges/ |archive-date=3 May 2016 |work=CNN |access-date=31 January 2009 }}</ref> These infrastructure improvements have led to the arrivals of numerous foreign direct investors (FDI) in industries ranging from car to finance and retailing; such as [[Company:Ford Motor Company|Ford]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/08/27/ford-breaks-ground-new-plant-southwest-china/DxrazNTZEu1PvSEbOZhElM/story.html |access-date=20 March 2017 |title=Ford building sixth plant in China |author=Dee-Ann Durbin |date=28 August 2012 |publisher=Associated Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320232856/https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/08/27/ford-breaks-ground-new-plant-southwest-china/DxrazNTZEu1PvSEbOZhElM/story.html |archive-date=20 March 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref> [[Company:Mazda|Mazda]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Seetharaman |first=Deepa |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ford-china-idUSBRE87Q01Y20120827 |title=Mazda in Chongqing |publisher=Reuters.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016233838/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/27/us-ford-china-idUSBRE87Q01Y20120827 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> [[Company:HSBC|HSBC]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hsbc.com.cn/1/2/misc/gpa/news/28dec09 |title=HSBC opens bank in Chongqing |publisher=Hsbc.com.cn |date=28 December 2009 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129021337/http://www.hsbc.com.cn/1/2/misc/gpa/news/28dec09 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Standard Chartered Bank,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.standardchartered.com.cn/news/2007/pdf_press_20070823.pdf |title=Standard Chartered open a bank in Chongqing |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512223329/http://www.standardchartered.com.cn/news/2007/pdf_press_20070823.pdf |archive-date=12 May 2013 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Citibank,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citigroup.com/citi/press/2011/110331a.htm |title=Citibank opens branch in Chongqing |publisher=Citigroup.com |date=31 March 2011 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703033413/http://www.citigroup.com/citi/press/2011/110331a.htm |archive-date=3 July 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> [[Company:Deutsche Bank|Deutsche Bank]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deutsche-bank.de/en/content/company/headlines_3097.htm |date=28 April 2011
|title=Branch opening in Chongqing: Deutsche Bank – a strong partner in China |access-date=3 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509065350/https://www.deutsche-bank.de/en/content/company/headlines_3097.htm |archive-date=9 May 2013  }}</ref> ANZ Bank,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anz.com/china/en/about-us/our-company/china/ |title=ANZ Bank opens a branch in Chongqing |publisher=Anz.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615141809/http://www.anz.com/china/en/about-us/our-company/china/ |archive-date=15 June 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref> [[Company:Scotiabank|Scotiabank]],<ref name="scotiabank">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotiabank.com/ca/en/0,,2701,00.html|publisher=scotiabank.com|title=Page Not Found &#124; Scotiabank|access-date=16 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826190341/http://www.scotiabank.com/ca/en/0,,2701,00.html|archive-date=26 August 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wal-Mart,<ref>{{cite web|last=Yue |first=Terril |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-walmart-china-idUSTRE79O0TY20111025 |title=Wal-Mart reopens Chongqing locations |publisher=Reuters.com |access-date=10 December 2013}}</ref> Metro AG<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181029102628/http://chinaepress.com/tag/metro-ag/ Multinational Grocery Stores in Chongqing]</ref> and Carrefour,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tan |first=Kenneth |url=http://shanghaiist.com/2007/11/12/3_dead_in_chong.php |title=Chongqing Carrefour Stampede |publisher=Shanghaiist.com |date=12 November 2007 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016233837/http://shanghaiist.com/2007/11/12/3_dead_in_chong.php |archive-date=16 October 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> among other multinational corporations.

Chongqing's nominal GDP in 2011 reached 1001.1&nbsp;billion yuan (US$158.9&nbsp;billion) while registering an annual growth of 16.4%. However, its overall economic performance is still lagging behind eastern coastal cities such as Shanghai. For instance, its per capita GDP was 22,909 yuan (US$3,301) which is below the national average. Nevertheless, there is a massive government push to transform Chongqing into the region's economic, trade, and financial center and use the municipality as a platform to open up the country's western interior to further development.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://swopec.hhs.se/eijswp/papers/eijswp0239.pdf |title=Innovative City in West China Chongqing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170657/http://swopec.hhs.se/eijswp/papers/eijswp0239.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |work=Jon Sigurdson and Krystyna Palonka of Stockholm School of Economics, EIJS  |access-date=1 February 2009}}</ref>

Chongqing has been identified by the [[Company:Economist Intelligence Unit|Economist Intelligence Unit]] in the November 2010 Access China White Paper as a member of the CHAMPS ('''C'''hongqing, '''H'''efei, '''A'''nshan, '''M'''aanshan, '''P'''ingdingshan and '''S'''henyang), an economic profile of the top 20 emerging cities in China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sourcewire.com/releases/rel_display.php?relid=60590 |title=The Rise of The 'Champs' – New Report Maps Business Opportunity in China's Fastest Growing Cities |publisher=Sourcewire.com |date=9 November 2010 |access-date=14 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406135228/http://www.sourcewire.com/releases/rel_display.php?relid=60590 |archive-date=6 April 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

===Economic and technological development zones===
The city includes a number of economic and technological development zones:
* Chongqing Chemical Industrial Park<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinaknowledge.com/Manufacturing/IndustrialPark.aspx?province=4&city=91&content=223 |title=Industrial Park |publisher=Chinaknowledge.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213231500/http://www.chinaknowledge.com/Manufacturing/IndustrialPark.aspx?province=4&city=91&content=223 |archive-date=13 December 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* Chongqing Economic & Technological Development Zone<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hktdc.com/info/mi/a/mpcn/en/1X07259C/1/Profiles-Of-China-Provinces-Cities-%20%20And-Industrial-Parks/Chongqing-Economic-And-Technological-Development-Zone-Including-Chongqing-Export-Processing-Zone.htm |title=CETD |website=Hktdc.com |date=19 September 2011 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212103239/http://www.hktdc.com/info/mi/a/mpcn/en/1X07259C/1/Profiles-Of-China-Provinces-Cities-%20%20And-Industrial-Parks/Chongqing-Economic-And-Technological-Development-Zone-Including-Chongqing-Export-Processing-Zone.htm |archive-date=12 December 2010 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* Chongqing Hi-Tech Industry Development Zone<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.cq.gov.cn/ChongqingGuide/Business/1908.htm |title=CHTIDT |website=En.cq.gov.cn |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630155107/http://en.cq.gov.cn/ChongqingGuide/Business/1908.htm |archive-date=30 June 2012 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>
* Chongqing New North Zone (CNNZ)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.cq.gov.cn/Services/Investment/1909.htm |title=CNNZ |publisher=English.cq.gov.cn |access-date=10 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512135911/http://english.cq.gov.cn/Services/Investment/1909.htm |archive-date=12 May 2013  }}</ref>
* Chongqing Export Processing Zone<ref>{{cite web |author=Contact |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/company/chongqing-export-processing-zone |title=CEPZ |website=Rightsite.asia |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327182551/http://rightsite.asia/en/company/chongqing-export-processing-zone |archive-date=27 March 2010 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* Jianqiao Industrial Park (located in Dadukou District)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hktdc.com/info/mi/a/mpcn/en/1X07253I/1/Profiles-Of-China-Provinces-Cities-%20%20And-Industrial-Parks/Chongqing-Jianqiao-Industrial-Park.htm |title=Jianqiao Industrial Park Profile |website=Hktdc.com |date=19 September 2011 |access-date=29 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212112540/http://www.hktdc.com/info/mi/a/mpcn/en/1X07253I/1/Profiles-Of-China-Provinces-Cities-%20%20And-Industrial-Parks/Chongqing-Jianqiao-Industrial-Park.htm |archive-date=12 December 2010 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* Liangjiang New Area<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.liangjiang.gov.cn/ |title=Chongqing Liangjiang New Area |access-date=3 September 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016122634/http://english.liangjiang.gov.cn/ |archive-date=16 October 2016  }}</ref>
* Liangjiang Cloud Computing Center (the largest of its kind in China)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.cq.gov.cn/ChongqingToday/Photos/3271.htm |title=New cloud computing center |website=En.cq.gov.cn |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512123926/http://en.cq.gov.cn/ChongqingToday/Photos/3271.htm |archive-date=12 May 2013 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

Chongqing itself is part of the West Triangle Economic Zone, along with Chengdu and Xi'an.

==Education==
===Colleges and universities===
[[File:ChongqingNankai2.jpg|right|thumb|Entrance to the Nankai School]]

*Chongqing University ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆大学}})
*Southwest University ({{lang|zh-hans|西南大学}})
*Chongqing University of Science and Technology ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆科技学院}})
*Southwest University of Political Science and Law ({{lang|zh-hans|西南政法大学}})
*Third Military Medical University ({{lang|zh-hans|第三军医大学}})
*Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆邮电大学}})
*Chongqing University of Technology ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆理工大学}})
*Chongqing Jiaotong University ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆交通大学}})
*Chongqing Medical University ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆医科大学}})
*Chongqing Normal University ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆师范大学}})
*Chongqing Technology and Business University ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆工商大学}})
*Chongqing Three Gorges University ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆三峡学院}})
*Chongqing Telecommunication Institute ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆通讯学院}})
*Sichuan Fine Arts Institute ({{lang|zh-hans|四川美术学院}})
*Sichuan International Studies University ({{lang|zh-hans|四川外国语大学}})
*University of Logistics ({{lang|zh-hans|后勤工程学院}})
*Chongqing University of Arts and Science ({{lang|zh-Hans|重庆文理学院}})
*Yangtze Normal University ({{lang|zh-hans|长江师范学院}})
*Chongqing University of Education ({{lang|zh-Hans|重庆第二师范学院}})

===Notable high schools===
* Fuling Experimental High School ({{lang|zh-hans|涪陵实验中学}})
* Chongqing No.1 Secondary School ({{lang|zh-Hans|重庆一中}})
* Chongqing Nankai Secondary School ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆南开中学}})
* Chongqing No.8 Secondary School ({{lang|zh-Hans|重庆八中}})
* Bashu Secondary School ({{lang|zh-hans|巴蜀中学}})
* Chongqing Railway High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|重庆铁路中学}})
* Chongqing Yucai Secondary School ({{lang|zh-hans|育才中学}})
* Chongqing Foreign Language School (The High School Affiliated to Sichuan International Studies University {{lang|zh-hans|重庆一外}})
* Verakin High School of Chongqing (The 2nd Chongqing Foreign Language School, {{lang|zh-hans|重庆二外}})
* Chongqing Qiujing High School ({{lang|zh-hans|求精中学}})
* High School Affiliated to Southwest University ({{lang|zh-hans|西南大学附中}})
* Chongqing NO.18 Secondary School ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆十八中}})

===International schools===
* Yew Chung International School of Chongqing ({{lang|zh-hans|重庆耀中国际学校}})<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ycis-cq.com/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 February 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014140215/http://www.ycis-cq.com/ |archive-date=14 October 2014  }} Website in English</ref>
* KL International School of Chongqing Bashu ({{lang|zh-Hans|重庆市诺林巴蜀外籍人员子女学校}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chongqing.klschool.org/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=16 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108060930/http://chongqing.klschool.org/ |archive-date=8 November 2016  }} Website in English</ref>

==Transport==
Since its elevation to national-level municipality in 1997, the city has dramatically expanded its transportation infrastructure. With the construction of railways and expressways to the east and southeast, Chongqing is a major transportation hub in southwestern China.

{{as of|2014|October|}}, the municipality had 31 bridges across the Yangtze River including over a dozen in the city's urban core.<ref>[http://www.china-yangtzecruise.com/mountain-city/sccq31.htm Chongqing Urban Bridges] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512202118/http://www.china-yangtzecruise.com/mountain-city/sccq31.htm |date=12 May 2013 }}</ref> Aside from the city's first two Yangtze River bridges, which were built, respectively, in 1960 and 1977, all of the other bridges were completed since 1995.

===Public transit===
[[File:A train of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 coming through a residential building at Liziba.jpg|thumb|A train of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 coming through a residential building at Liziba]]

Public transport in Chongqing consists of metro, intercity railway, a ubiquitous bus system and the world's largest monorail network.

According to the Chongqing Municipal Government's ambitious plan in May 2007, Chongqing is investing 150&nbsp;billion RMB over 13 years to finish a system that combines underground metro lines with heavy [[Engineering:Monorail|monorail]] (called 'light rail' in China).

{{As of|2017}}, four metro lines, the {{convert|14|km|abbr=on}} long CRT Line 1, a conventional subway, and the {{convert|19|km|abbr=on}} long heavy monorail CRT Line 2 (through Phase II), Line 3, a heavy monorail connects the airport and the southern part of downtown.,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.cqnews.net/html/node_15161.htm |title=Line 2 & 1 |publisher=English.cqnews.net |date=15 December 2009 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812045421/http://english.cqnews.net/html/node_15161.htm |archive-date=12 August 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Line 6, runs between Beibei, a commuter city in the city's far north to downtown.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cn.siemens.com/cms/cn/English/TS/Mobility/Press/Pages/ChongqingL6.aspx |title=Planning of Chongqing Line 6 |publisher=Cn.siemens.com |date=30 December 2010 |access-date=10 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213185616/http://cn.siemens.com/cms/cn/English/TS/Mobility/Press/Pages/ChongqingL6.aspx |archive-date=13 December 2013  }}</ref> Line 5 opened in late 2017.

By 2020 CRT will consist of 6 straight lines and 1 circular line resulting in {{convert|363.5|km|1|abbr=on}} of road and railway to the existing transportation infrastructure and 93 new train stations will be added to the 111 stations that are already in place.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.cqnews.net/html/node_15162.htm |title=Chongqing City Transport |publisher=English.cqnews.net |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112005943/http://english.cqnews.net/html/node_15162.htm |archive-date=12 January 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

By 2050, Chongqing will have as many as 18 lines that are planned to be in operation.<ref>''Chongqing Daily'' (23 March 2008)</ref>

====Aerial tramway====
[[File:A aerial tramway across Yangtse river in Chongqing CBD Photo by Chen Hualin .jpeg|thumb|An aerial tramway across the Yangtse river in Chongqing CBD Photo by Chen Hualin]]
Chongqing is the only Chinese city that keeps public [[Engineering:Aerial tramway|aerial tramway]]s. Historically there were three aerial tramways in Chongqing: the Yangtze River Tramway, the Jialing River Tramway and the South Mountain Tramway. Currently, only Yangtze River Tramway is still operating and it is Class 4A Tourist Attractions in China. The {{convert|1,160|m|adj=on|sp=us}}-long tramway connects the southern and northern banks of Yangtze River; its daily passenger volume is about 10,000.

===River port===
[[File:YangtzeMeteor.jpg|thumb|[[Engineering:Hydrofoil|Hydrofoil]] on the Yangtze in the outer reaches of the municipality<!--which county?-->]]
Chongqing is one of the most important inland ports in China. There are numerous luxury cruise ships that terminate at Chongqing, cruising downstream along the Yangtze River to Yichang, [[Place:Wuhan|Wuhan]], Nanjing or even Shanghai.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} In the recent past, this provided virtually the only transportation option along the river. However, improved rail, expressways and air travel have seen this ferry traffic reduced or cancelled altogether. Most of the river ferry traffic consists of leisure cruises for tourists rather than local needs. Improved access by larger cargo vessels has been made due to the construction of the Three Gorges Dam. This allows bulk transport of goods along the Yangtze River. Coal, raw minerals and containerized goods provide the majority of traffic plying this section of the river. Several port handling facilities exist throughout the city, including many impromptu river bank sites.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://service-industries-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/Transport-Logistics/Chongqing-River-Port-S-Container-Volume-Increases-16-9pc-In-May/spgz/en/1/1X000000/1X07JEN7.htm |title=Chongqing Ports Details |publisher=Service-industries-research.hktdc.com |date=19 July 2011 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513061157/http://service-industries-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/Transport-Logistics/Chongqing-River-Port-S-Container-Volume-Increases-16-9pc-In-May/spgz/en/1/1X000000/1X07JEN7.htm |archive-date=13 May 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

===Railways===
[[File:ChongqingFunicular2.jpg|thumb|Chongqing funicular railway]]

Major train stations in Chongqing:

*Chongqing railway station in Yuzhong, accessible via Metro Lines 1 & 3 (Lianglukou Metro station), is the city's oldest railway station and located near the city center. The station handles mostly long-distance trains. There are plans for a major renovation and overhaul of this station, thus many services have been transferred to Chongqing North Railway Station.
*Chongqing North railway station is a station handling many long-distance services and high-speed rail services to Chengdu, Beijing and other cities. It was completed in 2006 and is connected to Metro Line.
*Chongqing West railway station is in Shapingba, a station handling many long-distance services and high-speed rail services to many cities. It is completed in 2018.
*Shapingba railway station is in Shapingba, near Shapingba CBD, accessible via Metro Line 1. It handles many local and regional train services. It is completed in 2018.

Chongqing is a major freight destination for rail with continued development with improved handling facilities. Due to subsidies and incentives, the relocation and construction of many factories in Chongqing has seen a huge increase in rail traffic.

Chongqing is a major rail hub regionally.
*Chengdu–Chongqing railway to Chengdu
*Sichuan-Guizhou railway to Guiyang
*Xiangyang–Chongqing railway to Hubei
*Chongqing–Huaihua railway to Hunan
*Chongqing-Suining railway (Sichuan province)
*Chongqing-Lichuan railway to Hubei
*Chongqing–Lanzhou railway (Gansu) railway

===Highways===
Traditionally, the road network in Chongqing has been narrow, winding and limited to smaller vehicles because of the natural terrain, large rivers and the huge population demands on the area, especially in the Yuzhong District. In other places, such as Jiangbei, large areas of homes and buildings have recently been cleared to improve the road network and create better urban planning; thus, several ring roads have also been constructed. This has seen many tunnels and large bridges needing to be built across the city. The construction of many expressways have connected Chongqing to its neighbors. The natural mountainous terrain that Chongqing is built on makes many road projects difficult to construct, including for example some of the world's highest road bridges.<ref>{{cite web |first=Simon |last=Black |url=http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-07-12/markets/30008153_1_chongqing-china-building |title=Chongqing: World's Largest Construction Project |publisher=Articles.businessinsider.com |date=12 July 2011 |access-date=10 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118200934/http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-07-12/markets/30008153_1_chongqing-china-building |archive-date=18 January 2013  }}</ref>

Unlike many other Chinese cities, it is rare for motorbikes, electric scooters or bicycles to be seen on Chongqing's Roads. This is due to the extremely hilly and mountainous nature of Chongqing's roads and streets. However, despite this, Chongqing is a manufacturing center for these types of vehicles.<ref>[http://www.echinacities.com/chongqing/city-guide/travel/chongqing-travel-guide.html Bicycles rare in Chongqing] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012201726/http://www.echinacities.com/chongqing/city-guide/travel/chongqing-travel-guide.html |date=12 October 2012 }}</ref>

* Chongqing-Chengdu Expressway
* Chongqing-Chengdu 2nd Expressway (under construction)
* Chongqing-Wanzhou-Yichang Highway (Wanzhou-Yichang section under construction)
* Chongqing-Guiyang Highway
* Chongqing-Changsha Expressway (Xiushan-Changsha section under construction)
* Chongqing-Dazhou-Xi'a Highway (Dazhou-Xi'an section under construction)
* Chongqing-Suining Expressway
* Chongqing-Nanchong Expressway
* China National Highway 210
* China National Highway 212

===Bridges===
[[File:Chaotianmen Bridge.jpg|thumb|View of Chaotianmen Bridge across the Yangtze River in Chongqing]]

With so many bridges crossing the Yangtze and Jialing rivers in the urban area, Chongqing is sometimes known as the 'Bridge Capital of China'. The first important bridge in urban Chongqing was the Niujiaotuo Jialing River Bridge, built in 1958. The first bridge over the Yangtze river was the Shibanpo Yangtze River Bridge (or Chongqing Yangtze River Bridge) built in 1977.

As of 2014, within the area of the 9 districts, there were 20 bridges on the Yangtze river and 28 bridges on the Jialing river. The bridges in Chongqing exhibit a variety of shapes and structures, making Chongqing a showcase for bridge design.

===Airports===
{{Panorama
|image = File:Panorama of Chongqing Jiangbei Airport Terminal 3.JPG
|height  = 280
|caption = Departure Level of Terminal 3, Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport}}

The major airport of Chongqing is Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport (IATA: CKG, ICAO: ZUCK). It is located in Yubei District. The airport offers a growing network of direct flights to China, South East Asia, the Middle East, North America, and Europe. It is located {{convert|21|km|abbr=on}} north of the city center of Chongqing and serves as an important aviation hub for south-western China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://theairdb.com/airport/CKG.html |title=CJIA Stats |publisher=Theairdb.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513204836/http://theairdb.com/airport/CKG.html |archive-date=13 May 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Jiangbei airport is a hub for [[Company:China Southern Airlines|China Southern Airlines]], Chongqing Airlines, Sichuan Airlines, China Express Airlines, Shandong Airlines and Hainan Airlines's new China West Air. Chongqing also is a focus city of Air China, therefore it is very well connected with Star Alliance and Skyteam's international network. The airport currently has three parallel runways in operation. It serves domestic routes to most other Chinese cities, as well as international routes to [[Place:Auckland|Auckland]], {{wipe|New York City}}, [[Place:London|London]], {{wipe|Los Angeles}}, [[Place:Moscow|Moscow]], [[Place:Doha|Doha]], Dubai, [[Place:Seoul|Seoul]], [[Place:Bangkok|Bangkok]], Phuket, {{wipe|Osaka}}, [[Place:Singapore|Singapore]], Chiang Mai, [[Place:Phnom Penh|Phnom Penh]], Siem Reap, [[Place:Malé|Malé]], [[Place:Bali|Bali]], Tokyo, Kuala Lumpur, Batam, [[Place:Rome|Rome]] and [[Place:Helsinki|Helsinki]]. As of 2018, Jiangbei Airport is the 9th busiest airport in terms of passenger traffic in mainland China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caac.gov.cn/XXGK/XXGK/TJSJ/201903/P020190305338562571372.xls?COLLCC=3782305670&|script-title=zh: 2018年民航机场生产统计公报|access-date=12 March 2019 |date=5 March 2019 |publisher=Civil Aviation Administration of China|language=zh}}</ref>

Currently, Jiangbei airport has three terminals. Chongqing Airport has metro access (CRT Line 3 and Line 10) to its central city, and two runways in normal use.<ref>[http://www.centreforaviation.com/profiles/airports/chongqing-airport-ckg Chongqing Airport Profile] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730181941/http://www.centreforaviation.com/profiles/airports/chongqing-airport-ckg |date=30 July 2013 }}</ref>

There are four other airports in Chongqing Municipality: Qianjiang Wulingshan Airport, Wanzhou Wuqiao Airport, Wulong Xiannüshan Airport, and Wushan Shennüfeng Airport. They are all class 4C airports and serve passenger flights to domestic destinations including Beijing, Shanghai and Kunming.

==Culture==

===Language===
[[File:Zhongshan Ancient Town,Jiangjin,CHongqing.JPG|thumb|right|Zhongshan Ancient Town, Jiangjin, Chongqing]]
The language native to Chongqing is Southwestern Mandarin. More precisely, the great majority of the municipality, save for Xiushan, speak Sichuanese, including the primary Chengdu-Chongqing dialect and Minjiang dialect spoken in Jiangjin and Qijiang.<ref name="《汉语方言学》">{{cite book
 |author= 翟时雨 (Ruo Shiyu)
 |script-title=zh:《汉语方言学》
 |trans-title=The Study of Chinese Languages
 |year=2003
 |publisher=Southwest China Normal University Press (西南师范大学出版社)
 |chapter ={{lang|zh-hans|中篇第四节：四川话的分区}} (The divisions of the Sichuan dialect)
 |isbn=978-7-5621-2942-4
 | language = zh-hans
}}</ref> There are also a few speakers of [[Social:Xiang Chinese|Xiang]] and [[Social:Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] in the municipality, due to the great immigration wave to the Sichuan region <!--Huguang Filled Sichuan--><!--Chinglish translation-->({{lang|zh-hans|湖广填四川}}) during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In addition, in parts of southeastern Chongqing, the Miao and [[Social:Tujia language|Tujia language]]s are also used by some Miao and Tujia people.<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.aluzhou.com/custom/detail.asp?ID=127
 |script-title=zh:苗族：特色苗语
 |trans-title=The Miao People: Characteristics of the Miao language
 |access-date=31 July 2010
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707121221/http://www.aluzhou.com/custom/detail.asp?ID=127
 |archive-date=7 July 2011
 }}</ref>

===Tourism===
[[File:Chongqing Grand Theatre 01.jpg|thumb|Chongqing Grand Theater]]
[[File:ChongqingMartyrsCemetery.jpg|thumb|left|Martyrs' Cemetery]]
[[File:Chongqing_Art_Museum_Night.jpg|thumb|left|Chongqing Art Museum]]
As the provisional Capital of China for almost ten years (1937 to 1945), the city was also known as one of the three headquarters of the Allies during [[Social:World War II|World War II]], as well as being a strategic center of many other wars throughout China's history. Chongqing has many historic war-time buildings or sites, some of which have since been destroyed. These sites include the People's Liberation Monument, located in the center of Chongqing city. It used to be the highest building in the area, but is now surrounded and dwarfed by numerous shopping centers. Originally named the ''Monument for the Victory over Axis Armies'', it is the only building in China for that purpose.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chongqingwomen.com/peoples-liberation-monument.html |title=People's Liberation Monument |publisher=Chongqingwomen.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213051628/http://chongqingwomen.com/peoples-liberation-monument.html |archive-date=13 December 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Today, the monument serves as a symbol for the city. The General Joseph W. Stilwell Museum, dedicated to General "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell, a World War II general.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/chongqing/stilwell.htm |title=General Joseph Stillwell Museum |publisher=Travelchinaguide.com |date=17 May 1944 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415152451/http://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/chongqing/stilwell.htm |archive-date=15 April 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref> the air force cemetery in the Nanshan area, in memory of those air force personnel killed during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), and the Red Rock Village Museum, a diplomatic site for the Communist Party in Chongqing led by Zhou Enlai during [[Social:World War II|World War II]], and Guiyuan, Cassia Garden, where [[Biography:Mao Zedong|Mao Zedong]] signed the "Double 10 (10 October) Peace Agreement" with the Kuomintang in 1945.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beijingfeeling.com/chongqing-travel/chongqing-tourist-attractions/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623054516/http://www.beijingfeeling.com/chongqing-travel/chongqing-tourist-attractions/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 June 2011 |title=Red Rock Village Museum |publisher=Beijingfeeling.com |date=15 September 2013 |access-date=10 December 2013  }}</ref>
[[File:The Hongyadong stilted house in Chongqqing city.jpg|thumb|upright|The Hongya Cave (Hongya-dong) traditional Bayu-style stilted houses at Jiefangbei CBD]]
[[File:Fishingtown.jpg|thumb|upright|The steep path up to the front gate of Fishing Town]]
[[File:Cqk01.jpg|thumb|upright|Ciqikou ancient road in Shapingba District]]
* The Baiheliang Underwater Museum, China's first underwater museum,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinahush.com/2009/05/21/chongqing-the-first-underwater-museum-in-china-has-been-built-and-opened/ |title=Chongqing: The First Underwater Museum in China has Been Built and Opened |publisher=Chinahush |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728140258/http://www.chinahush.com/2009/05/21/chongqing-the-first-underwater-museum-in-china-has-been-built-and-opened/ |archive-date=28 July 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* The Memorial of Great Tunnel Massacre, a former air-raid shelter where a major massacre occurred during World War II.
* The Great Hall of the People in Chongqing is based on the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. This is one of the largest public assembly buildings in China which, though built in modern times, emulates traditional architectural styles. It is adjacent to the densely populated and hilly central district, with narrow streets and pedestrian only walkways,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.placesonline.com/asia/china/chongqing/photo_detail.asp?filename=13154_chongqing_great_hall_of_the_people |title=Great Hall of the People |publisher=Placesonline.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213112256/http://www.placesonline.com/asia/china/chongqing/photo_detail.asp?filename=13154_chongqing_great_hall_of_the_people |archive-date=13 December 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* The large domed Three Gorges Museum presents the history, culture, and environment of the Three Gorges area and Chongqing.
* Chongqing Art Museum is known for striking architecture.
* Chongqing Science and Technology Museum has an [[IMAX]] [[Engineering:Theater (structure)|theater]].
* Luohan Si, a Ming dynasty temple,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fodors.com/world/asia/china/sichuan-and-chongqing/review-434671.html |title=Luohan Si |publisher=Fodors.com |date=28 May 2013 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528054943/http://www.fodors.com/world/asia/china/sichuan-and-chongqing/review-434671.html |archive-date=28 May 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* [[Engineering:Huangguan Escalator|Huangguan Escalator]], the second longest escalator in Asia.
* Former sites for embassies of major countries during the 1940s. As the capital at that time, Chongqing had many residential and other buildings for these officials.<ref>{{cite web |author=www.chinaeducenter.com |url=http://www.chinaeducenter.com/en/life/embassylistchongqing.php |title=Embassies List |publisher=Chinaeducenter.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428215800/http://www.chinaeducenter.com/en/life/embassylistchongqing.php |archive-date=28 April 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* Wuxi County, noted as a major tourism area of Chongqing,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.51766.com/detail/city_detail.jsp?prov_id=1006656 |title=Wuxi County |publisher=English.51766.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130116005947/http://english.51766.com/detail/city_detail.jsp?prov_id=1006656 |archive-date=16 January 2013  }}</ref>
* The Dazu Rock Carvings, in Dazu county, are a series of Chinese religious sculptures and carvings, dating back as far as the 7th century A.D., depicting and influenced by [[Religion:Buddhism|Buddhist]], [[Philosophy:Confucianism|Confucian]] and [[Philosophy:Taoism|Taoist]] beliefs. Listed as a [[Organization:UNESCO|UNESCO]] World Heritage Site, the Dazu Rock Carvings are made up of 75 protected sites containing some 50,000 statues, with over 100,000 Chinese characters forming inscriptions and epigraphs.,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/kuaixun/75136.htm |title=Dazu Rock Carvings |publisher=China.org.cn |date=12 September 2003 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526152439/http://www.china.org.cn/english/kuaixun/75136.htm |archive-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* The [[Earth:Three Natural Bridges|Three Natural Bridges]] and Furong Cave in Wulong Karst National Geology Park, Wulong County are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the South China Karst,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naturalarches.org/gallery-china3bridges.htm|title=China: Three Natural Bridges National Geopark|publisher=Naturalarches.org|access-date=10 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609184026/http://www.naturalarches.org/gallery-china3bridges.htm|archive-date=9 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gxnu.edu.cn/KDL/Cave/furong.htm |title=Furong Cave |publisher=Gxnu.edu.cn |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082311/http://www.gxnu.edu.cn/KDL/Cave/furong.htm |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>
* Ciqikou is a 1000-year-old town in the Shapingba District of Chongqing. It is also known as "Little Chongqing". The town, located next to the lower reaches of the Jialing River, was at one time an important source of china-ware and used to be a busy commercial dock during the Ming and Qing dynasties,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.seattlechinesegarden.org/2012/03/ciqikou-delegation-visits-old-town.html |title=Ciqkou |publisher=Blog.seattlechinesegarden.org |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214170704/http://blog.seattlechinesegarden.org/2012/03/ciqikou-delegation-visits-old-town.html |archive-date=14 December 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* Fishing Town or Fishing City is one of the three great ancient battlefields of China. It is noted for its resistance to the Mongol armies during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279) and the location where the Mongol leader Möngke Khan died in 1259,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chongqingwomen.com/fishing-town.html |title=Fishing Town |publisher=Chongqingwomen.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213051631/http://chongqingwomen.com/fishing-town.html |archive-date=13 December 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* Xueyu Cave in Fengdu County is the only example of a pure-white, jade-like [[Earth:Karst|karst]] cave in China,<ref>[http://www.luopan.com/t/en_US/400000L000023.html Xueyu Cave] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018175327/http://www.luopan.com/t/en_US/400000L000023.html |date=18 October 2011 }}</ref>
* Fengdu Ghost City in Fengdu County is the Gate of the Hell in traditional Chinese literature and culture.
* Snowy Jade Cave, see Xueyu Cave (above).
* Baidi Cheng, a peninsula in Yangtze River, known due to a famous poem by Li Bai.
* The Chongqing Zoo, a [[Biology:Zoo|zoo]] that exhibits many rare species including the [[Biology:Giant panda|giant panda]], the extremely rare [[Biology:South China tiger|South China tiger]], and the [[Biology:African elephant|African elephant]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelchinaguide.com/picture/chongqing/zoo.htm |title=Chongqing Zoo Profile and Pictures |publisher=Travelchinaguide.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415071506/http://www.travelchinaguide.com/picture/chongqing/zoo.htm |archive-date=15 April 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* Chongqing Amusement Park.
* Chongqing Grand Theater, a performing arts center.
* Foreigners' Street was an amusement park, including the Porcelain Palace, the world's largest toilet. Also the location of the abortive Love Land development in 2009.
* The Black Mountain Valley (''Heishangu'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/chongqing/black-mountain-valley.htm |title=Black Mountain Valley |publisher=Travelchinaguide.com |access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref>
* Hongya Cave (aka Hongya Dong), a pier stilt house fortress that served as one of the 17 city gates of Ancient Chongqing is a popular tourist attraction for its architecture.

===Cuisine===
Chongqing food is part of Sichuan cuisine. Chongqing is known for its spicy food. Its food is normally considered numbing because of the use of [[Biology:Sichuan pepper|Sichuan pepper]], also known as Sichuan peppercorn, containing [[Chemistry:Hydroxy alpha sanshool|hydroxy alpha sanshool]]. Chongqing's city center has many restaurants and food stalls where meals often cost less than [[Finance:Renminbi|RMB]]10. Local specialties here include dumplings and pickled vegetables and, different from many other Chinese cuisines, Chongqing dishes are suitable for the solo diner as they are often served in small individual sized portions.<ref>{{cite web |author=SinoHotelGuide.com |url=http://www.sinohotelguide.com/chongqing/tour/cuisine.html |title=Chongqing Dining Overlook |language=nl |publisher=Sinohotelguide.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510192457/http://www.sinohotelguide.com/chongqing/tour/cuisine.html |archive-date=10 May 2010 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Among the delicacies and local specialties are these dishes:
[[File:Red House hot pot Chongqing.jpg|thumb|left|Typical Chongqing hot pot served with minced shrimp, tripes, pork aorta, goose intestine, and kidney slices.]]
[[File:豌杂面.jpg|thumb|right|Chongqing Xiao mian with peas and spicy bean paste]]
* Chongqing hot pot– Chongqing's local culinary specialty which was originally from Northern China. Tables in hot pot restaurants usually have a central pot, where food ordered by the customers is boiled in a spicy broth, items such as beef, pork, tripe, kidney slices, pork aorta and goose intestine are often consumed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/chongqing/dining1.htm |title=Chongqing Hot Pot & Dining Guide |publisher=Travelchinaguide.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802003115/http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/chongqing/dining1.htm |archive-date=2 August 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* Chongqing Xiao Mian – a common lamian noodle dish tossed with chili oil and rich mixtures of spices and ingredients
* Jiangtuan fish – since Chongqing is located along Jialing River, visitors have a good opportunity to sample varieties of aquatic products. Among them, is a fish local to the region, Jiangtuan fish: ''Hypophthalmichthys nobilis'' although more commonly known as bighead carp.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=551 |title=Bighead Carp, or Jiangtuan Fish |publisher=Nas.er.usgs.gov |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803224256/https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=551 |archive-date=3 August 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The fish is often served steamed or baked.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinatravelcompass.com/chonqing/dinning/qianzhang.html |title=Jiangtuan Fish |publisher=Chinatravelcompass.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008171401/http://chinatravelcompass.com/chonqing/dinning/qianzhang.html |archive-date=8 October 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
[[File:La Zi Ji (Chicken with Chiles) (2269517013).jpg|thumb|right|Laziji is famous for its crispy texture]]

* Suan La Fen (Sour and Spicy Sweet-Potato Noodles) – Thick, transparent noodles of rubbery texture in a spicy vinegar soup.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sour and Spicy Sweet-Potato Noodles (Suan La Fen) and a Spicy Girl Graduates|url=https://blog.themalamarket.com/sour-and-spicy-sweet-potato-noodles-suan-la-fen-and-a-spicy-girl-graduates/|last=Holliday|first=Taylor|date=20 July 2019|website=The Mala Market {{!}} Inspiration & Ingredients for Sichuan Cooking|language=en-US|access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref>
* Lazi Ji (Spicy Chicken) – A stir-fried dish consists of marinated then deep-fried pieces of chicken, dried Sichuan chili peppers, Sichuan peppers, garlic, and ginger,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dunlop|first1=Fuchsia|title=Recipe: Firecracker poussin with chillies|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a1095668-7d7a-11e3-a48f-00144feabdc0#axzz2qgEgwxwU|website=Financial Times|date=17 January 2014|access-date=7 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925013308/https://www.ft.com/content/a1095668-7d7a-11e3-a48f-00144feabdc0#axzz2qgEgwxwU|archive-date=25 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> originated near Geleshan in Chongqing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnngo.com/shanghai/eat/chopstick-challenge-la-zi-ji-338888 |title=The search for the best la zi ji in Shanghai |first=Katya |last=Knyazeva |date=26 January 2010 |website=CNN |access-date=12 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710182652/http://www.cnngo.com/shanghai/eat/chopstick-challenge-la-zi-ji-338888 |archive-date=10 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Quanshui Ji (Spring Water Chicken) – Quanshui Ji is cooked with the natural spring water in the Southern Mountain of Chongqing.
* Pork leg cooked with rock sugar – A common household dish of Chongqing, the tender, reddish finished dish, has been described as having strong and sweet aftertaste.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinatourguide.com/chongqing/chongqing_dining.html |title=Chongqing Dining, Dining in Chongqing, Chongqing cuisine, Chongqing Food, Chongqing restaurants |publisher=Chinatourguide.com |access-date=26 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621123225/http://www.chinatourguide.com/chongqing/chongqing_dining.html |archive-date=21 June 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* Qianzhang (skimmed soy bean cream) – Qianzhang is the cream skimmed from [[Biology:Soybean|soybean]] milk. In order to create this, several steps must be followed very carefully. First, soybeans are soaked in water, ground, strained, boiled, restrained several times and spread over gauze until delicate, snow-white cream is formed. The paste can also be hardened, cut into slivers and seasoned with sesame oil, garlic and chili oil. Another variation is to bake the cream and fry it with bacon, which is described as soft and sweet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinatourguide.com/chongqing/chongqing_dining.html |title=Qianzhang |publisher=Chinatourguide.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621123225/http://www.chinatourguide.com/chongqing/chongqing_dining.html |archive-date=21 June 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

===Media===
The Chongqing People's Broadcast Station is Chongqing's largest radio station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_23654.htm |title=Chinese radio stations |publisher=Chinaculture.org |date=24 September 2003 |access-date=10 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222213553/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_23654.htm |archive-date=22 December 2013  }}</ref> The only municipal-level TV network is Chongqing TV, claimed to be the 4th largest television station in China.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bandurski |first=David |url=http://cmp.hku.hk/2011/06/01/12940/ |title=Chongqing's TV revolution |publisher=Cmp.hku.hk |date=1 June 2011 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602141745/http://cmp.hku.hk/2011/06/01/12940/ |archive-date=2 June 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Chongqing TV broadcasts many local-oriented channels, and can be viewed on many TV sets throughout China.

===Sports and recreation===

====Basketball====
Chongqing Soaring Dragons became the 20th team playing in Chinese Basketball Association in 2013. They play at Datianwan Arena, in the same sporting complex as Datianwan Stadium.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebeijinger.com/events/2014/nov/watch-beijing-ducks-home-game-against-chongqing-soaring-dragons |title=Beijing Events &#124; the Beijinger |access-date=6 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814182508/http://www.thebeijinger.com/events/2014/nov/watch-beijing-ducks-home-game-against-chongqing-soaring-dragons |archive-date=14 August 2016  }} Beijing Ducks vs. Chongqing</ref> The team moved to Beijing in 2015 and is currently known as Beijing Royal Fighters.

====Soccer====
Professional soccer teams in Chongqing include:
* Chongqing Lifan (Chinese Super League)
* Chongqing F.C., ''folded''

Chongqing Lifan is a professional Chinese soccer club that currently plays in the Chinese Super League. They are owned by the Chongqing-based Lifan Group, which manufactures motorcycles, [[Engineering:Car|car]]s and spare parts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.china.org.cn/archive/2004-01/08/content_1084245.htm |title=Lifan Group buys Chongqing soccer team |publisher=China.org.cn |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511052529/http://www.china.org.cn/archive/2004-01/08/content_1084245.htm |archive-date=11 May 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Originally called ''Qianwei (Vanguard) Wuhan'', the club formed in 1995 to take part in the recently developed, fully professional Chinese Soccer League. They would quickly rise to top tier of the system and experience their greatest achievement in winning the 2000 Chinese FA Cup,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesc/chinacup00.html |title=2000 Chinese FA Cup |publisher=Rsssf.com |date=8 March 2007 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516224248/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesc/chinacup00.html |archive-date=16 May 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref> and coming in fourth within the league. However, since then they have struggled to replicate the same success, and have twice been relegated from the top tier.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/china-pr/chongqing-qiche/ |title=Chongqing Lifan F.C |publisher=Soccerway.com |date=9 January 2013 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503012205/http://int.soccerway.com/teams/china-pr/chongqing-qiche/ |archive-date=3 May 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

Chongqing FC was a soccer club located in the city that competed in China League One, the country's second-tier soccer division, before being relegated to the China League Two, and dissolved due to a resultant lack of funds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.sohu.com/20131222/n392181262.shtml |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062548/http://sports.sohu.com/20131222/n392181262.shtml |archive-date=4 March 2016  }} Chongqing FC folds</ref>

====Sport venues====
Sport venues in Chongqing include:
* The Chongqing Olympic Sports Center is a multipurpose stadium. It is currently used mostly for soccer matches, as it has a grass surface, and can hold 58,680. It was built in 2002 and was one of main venues for the 2004 AFC Asian Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cqolympic.org/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606052130/http://www.cqolympic.org/ |archive-date=6 June 2012  }} Official Site</ref>
* Yanghe Stadium is a multiuse stadium that is currently used mostly for soccer matches. The stadium holds 32,000 people, and is the home of Chongqing Lifan in the Chinese Super League. The stadium was purchased by the Lifan Group in 2001 for [[Finance:Renminbi|RMB]]80&nbsp;million and immediately replaced Datianwan Stadium as the home of Chongqing Lifan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.footballgroundmap.com/ground/yanghe-stadium/chongqing-lifan |title=Yanghe Stadium profile |publisher=Footballgroundmap.com |date=13 September 2013 |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512170456/http://www.footballgroundmap.com/ground/yanghe-stadium/chongqing-lifan |archive-date=12 May 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* Datianwan Stadium is a multipurpose stadium that is currently used mostly for soccer matches. The stadium has a capacity 32,000 people, and up until 2001 was the home of Chongqing Lifan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_pictures/asia/china/chongqing_datianwan.shtml |title=Datianwan Stadium profile |publisher=Worldstadiums.com |access-date=10 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203043605/http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_pictures/asia/china/chongqing_datianwan.shtml |archive-date=3 February 2013  }}</ref>

===Cloud Valley===
At the end of 2020, a collaboration between a Danish architecture firm and a Chinese tech company Terminus was announced, taking the form of an [[Artificial intelligence|AI]]-controlled campus. The project is named Cloud Valley and aims to use sensors and WiFi-controlled devices to collect data on the city's residents and atmosphere, including weather and eating and sleeping habits. The AI will adapt devices to work in a way that fits the gathered information and improves residents' lives.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/china-tech-city/i-know-your-favourite-drink-chinese-smart-city-to-put-ai-in-charge-idUSL8N2IJ24L |title='I know your favourite drink': Chinese smart city to put AI in charge |publisher=Reuters |date=3 December 2020 |last1=Bacchi|first1=Umberto |access-date=7 December 2020 }}</ref>

== Notable people ==

* Ba Manzi: a legendary hero of [[Place:Ba (state)|Ba kingdom]] in Zhou dynasty
* Ba Qing, the Widow: the earliest known female merchant in Chinese history who provided huge financial aid to Qin Shi Huang to construct the Great Wall
* Gan Ning: a general serving under warlord Sun Quan in the last years of Han dynasty
* Yan Yan: a loyal general during [[History:Three Kingdoms|Three Kingdoms]] period
* Lanxi Daolong: a famous Buddhism monk and philosopher in Song dynasty who went to Japan and established the Kenchō-ji
* [[Biography:Qin Liangyu|Qin Liangyu]]: a popular heroine in Ming dynasty who fought against Manchus
* Nie Rongzhen: marshal of the People's Liberation Army of China
* Liu Bocheng: an early leader of Chinese communist party during Anti-Japanese War
* Lu Zuofu: a notable patriotic industrialist and businessman who was a member of Chinese United League and a leader of Railway Protection Movement, established the Beibei District, Chongqing Natural History Museum, Jianshan High School, the Northern Hot Spring Park of Chongqing and Beibei Library, and served as the chief official of Food Bureau during Republic of China period.
* Liu Yongqing: wife of the former president and Party general secretary Hu Jintao
* Zhonghua Pang: a well-known calligrapher and geologist born in Sichuan but raised and lived in Chongqing
* Liu Xiaoqing: an actress
* Chen Kun: Chinese actor and singer
* Tian Liang: Olympic diving gold medalist
* Li Yundi: a pianist
* Karry Wang: A member of the pop band TFBoys and an actor
* Roy Wang: a singer-songwriter and member of TFBoys, also an actor and TV host
* Huang Junjie : an actor
* Jiang Qinqin: an actress
* Li Hua: artist who studied in Europe
* An Qi: singer, a member of the pop band THE9
*Xiao Zhan: actor, singer, and member of the boy group X Nine
* Pan Wenhua: born in Renshou County, Sichuan Province, was a famous military general who was regarded as a born military prodigy
* Zhou Zhennan: a leader of C-pop group R1SE
* Yao Chen : a member of C-pop group R1SE
* Zhang Yanqi : a member of C-pop group R1SE
* Feng Timo : Singer, pop-star and internet personality
* Li Ying (footballer, born 1993): First Chinese Soccer Player to come out as Lesbian

==International relations==

===Consulates===
{| cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #ccc; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse;" border="1" class="sortable"
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|Consulate||Date||Consular District
|-
|Canada Consulate-General, Chongqing<ref name="Consulates in Chongqing">
{{cite news
 |script-title=zh:各国驻华领馆领区一览表
 |language=zh-hans
 |url=http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/gxh/tyb/bszn/lsfw/t246715.htm
 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China
 |date=8 May 2007
|access-date=18 March 2011
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106052159/http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/gxh/tyb/bszn/lsfw/t246715.htm
 |archive-date=6 November 2011
|url-status=live
 }}
</ref>||05.1998||Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|United Kingdom Consulate-General, Chongqing<ref name="Consulates in Chongqing"/>||03.2000||Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan
|-
|Cambodia Consulate-General, Chongqing<ref name="Consulates in Chongqing"/> ||12.2004||Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|Japan Consulate-General, Chongqing<ref name="Consulates in Chongqing"/> ||01.2005||Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi
|-
|Denmark Consulate, Chongqing<ref name="Consulates in Chongqing"/> ||07.2005||Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|Philippines Consulate-General, Chongqing<ref name="Consulates in Chongqing"/> ||12.2008||Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan
|-
|Hungary Consulate-General, Chongqing<ref name="Consulates in Chongqing"/> ||02.2010||Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|Ethiopia Consulate-General, Chongqing<ref name="Consulates in Chongqing"/> ||11.2011||Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan
|-
|Italy Consulate-General, Chongqing<ref name="Consulates cq_italy and netherlands">{{cite news
 |script-title=zh:荷兰意大利有望年内在渝设领事馆 |language=zh-hans
 |url         = http://news.hexun.com/2013-05-08/153873931.html
 |website     = Hexun
 |date        = 8 May 2013
|url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150430001428/http://news.hexun.com/2013-05-08/153873931.html
 |archive-date = 30 April 2015
|df          = dmy-all
}}</ref> ||12.2013||Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|Netherlands Consulate-General, Chongqing<ref name="Consulates cq_italy and netherlands"/> ||01.2014||Chongqing, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou 
|-
|Uruguay Consulate-General, Chongqing<ref>{{cite web |title=Consulate General of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay in Chongqing |url=https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/fw_673051/lbfw_673061/lsgmd_673079/t1752813.shtml |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> ||12.2019||Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu
|}

===Twin towns – sister cities===
Chongqing has sister city relationships with many cities of the world including:

{{div col}}
*{{flagdeco|FRA}} Toulouse, France (1982)
*{{flagdeco|US}} Seattle, United States (1983)<ref>{{cite web |title=Chongqing, China - Office of Intergovernmental Relations |url=https://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/seattles-sister-cities/chongqing |website=www.seattle.gov |access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref>
*{{flagdeco|CAN}} Toronto, Canada (1986)
*{{flagdeco|JPN}} Hiroshima, Japan (1986)
*{{flagdeco|UK}} Leicester, United Kingdom (1993)
*{{flagdeco|RUS}} Voronezh, Russia (1993)
*{{flagdeco|UKR}} Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine (2002)
*{{flagdeco|RSA}} Mpumalanga, South Africa (2002)
*{{flagdeco|BUL}} Sliven, Bulgaria (2002)
*{{flagdeco|DEU}} [[Place:Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf]], Germany (2004)
*{{flagdeco|AUS}} Brisbane, Australia (2005)<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/about-council/governance-and-strategy/business-in-brisbane/growing-brisbanes-economy/international-business/brisbane-sister-cities/sister-city-chongqing |title = Brisbane's Sister City - Chongqing |publisher = Brisbane City Council |access-date = 4 September 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190904151510/https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/about-council/governance-and-strategy/business-in-brisbane/growing-brisbanes-economy/international-business/brisbane-sister-cities/sister-city-chongqing |archive-date = 4 September 2019 |url-status = live }}</ref>
*{{flagdeco|IRN}} [[Place:Shiraz|Shiraz]], Iran (2005)
*{{flagdeco|EGY}} [[Place:Aswan|Aswan]], Egypt (2005)
*{{flagdeco|ROK}} Busan, South Korea (2007)
*{{flagdeco|NOR}} Sør-Trøndelag, Norway (2007)
*{{flagdeco|THA}} Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (2008)
*{{flagdeco|ARG}} Córdoba, Argentina (2010)
*{{flagdeco|HUN}} [[Place:Budapest|Budapest]], Hungary (2010)
*{{flagdeco|THA}} [[Place:Bangkok|Bangkok]], Thailand (2005)
*{{flagdeco|BEL}} Antwerp, Belgium (2011)
*{{flagdeco|BRA}} [[Place:Salvador, Bahia|Salvador, Bahia]], Brazil (2011)
*{{flagdeco|IND}} Chennai, India (2015)
*{{flagdeco|SVN}} Maribor, Slovenia (2017)
*{{flagdeco|ESP}} Telde, Spain (2018)
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
* List of cities in China by population and built-up area
* List of twin towns and sister cities in China
* Major national historical and cultural sites in Chongqing

== Explanatory notes ==
{{NoteFoot}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last = Danielson |first = Eric N. |chapter = Chongqing |pages = 325–362 |title = The Three Gorges and the Upper Yangzi |location = Singapore |publisher = Marshall Cavendish/Times Editions |year = 2005 |isbn = 978-981-232-599-0 }}
* {{cite journal |last = Danielson |first =  Eric N. |title = Revisiting Chongqing: China's Second World War Temporary National Capital |journal = Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch |volume = 45 |year = 2005 }}
* {{cite book |last = Huang |first = Jiren |script-title = zh:老重庆：巴山夜语 |trans-title = Old Chongqing: Ba Mountains Night Rains |series = 老城市 [The Old Cities] |location = Nanjing |publisher = Jiangsu Fine Arts Publishing House |year = 1999 |language = zh }}
* {{cite book |last = Kapp |first = Robert A. |chapter = Chungking as a Center of Warlord Power, 1926–1937 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/chinesecitybetwe00chin/page/143 143–170] |title = The Chinese City Between Two Worlds |chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/chinesecitybetwe00chin |chapter-url-access = registration |editor1 = Mark Elvin |editor2 = G. William Skinner |location = Stanford |publisher = Stanford University Press |year = 1974 }}
* {{cite book |last = Kapp |first = Robert A. |title = Szechwan and the Chinese Republic: Provincial Militarism and Central Power, 1911–1938 |location = New Haven |publisher = Yale University Press |year = 1973 }}
* {{cite book |author = Liao, Qingyu |title = Chongqing Ge Le Shan Pei Du Yizhi |trans-title=The Construction of War-time Capital on the Gele Mountain, Chongqing |location = Chengdu |publisher = Sichuan University Press |year = 2005 }}
* {{cite book |author = Long, Juncai |title = Sui Yue Ya Feng de Jiyi: Chongqing Kang Zhan Yizhi (Covered Memory of Flowing Years: Site[s] of [the] Anti-Japanese War in Chongqing) |location = Chongqing |publisher = Southwest University Press |year = 2005 }}
* {{cite book |author = McIsaac, Lee |chapter=The City as Nation: Creating a Wartime Capital in Chongqing |title = Remaking the Chinese City, 1900–1950 |editor-first=Joseph W. |editor-last=Esherick |location = Honolulu |publisher = University of Hawaii Press |year = 2000 }}
* {{cite book |author = Xu |title = Chongqing Jiu Ying |trans-title=Old Photos of Chongqing |location = Beijing |publisher = People's Fine Arts Publishing House |year = 1998 |author2 = Dongsheng Liu |author3 = Yuchuan }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage|Chongqing}}
{{Commons and category|Chongqing|Chongqing}}
* [http://www.cq.gov.cn/ Chongqing Municipal Government website]

{{S-start}}
{{S-bef|before=Guangzhou}}
{{S-ttl|title=Wartime Capital of China
|years=21 November 1937 – 5 May 1946
|dynasty=Republic of China}}
{{S-aft|after=Nanjing}}
{{s-bef|before=Guangzhou}}
{{s-ttl|title=Wartime Capital of China
|years=14 October 1949 – 30 November 1949
|dynasty=Republic of China}}
{{s-aft|after=Chengdu}}
{{s-end}}

{{Navboxes
|list=
{{Navboxes
|title = [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]{{nbsp}}Geographic locale
|list =
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Chongqing
|North = Shaanxi
|Northeast =
|East = Hubei
|Southeast = Hunan
|South = Guizhou
|Southwest =
|West = Sichuan
|Northwest =
}}
'''[[Earth:Geographic coordinate system|Lat. <small>and</small> Long.]] {{Coord|29|33|N|106|34|E|display=inline}}'''
}}
}}

[[Category:Cities in China]]

{{Sourceattribution|Chongqing|1}}