View source for Place:Khorramabad

{{Short description|City in Lorestan province, Iran}}
{{for multi|the administrative division of Lorestan province|Khorramabad County|other places with the same name|Khorramabad (disambiguation){{!}}Khorramabad}}


{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Khorramabad
|native_name            = {{lang-fa|خرم‌آباد}}
|settlement_type        = City
|image_skyline          = Khorramabad Mosaic 2.jpg
|imagesize              = 
|image_caption          = Montage of Khorramabad, Clockwise:Falak-ol-Aflak Castle, Keeyow lake, Shapuri bridge, View of the Khorramabad city, Brick Minaret, Panorama of Khorramabad
|image_seal             =Khorramabad government logo.svg
|pushpin_map            = Iran
|mapsize                = 
|image_map1             = Khorramabad-County.png
|map_caption1           = The territory of the Khorramabad inside the province of Lorestan
|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name       = Iran
|subdivision_type1      = Province
|subdivision_name1      = Lorestan
|subdivision_type2      = County
|subdivision_name2      = Khorramabad
|subdivision_type3      = District
|subdivision_name3      = Central
|leader_title           = Mayor
|leader_name            = Daryoush Barani Beiranvand <ref>https://www.irna.ir/news/85192859</ref>
|established_title      =
|established_date       = 
|area_total_km2         = 
|area_footnotes         = 
|population_as_of       = 2016
|population_footnotes   = <ref name="2016 census"/>
|population_total       = 373416
|population_metro       =
|population_est         =
|population_est_as_of   =
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone               = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
|utc_offset             = +3:30
|coordinates            = {{coord|33|29|15|N|48|21|22|E|dim:6km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes   = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=33.4875&mlon=48.356111&zoom=13#map=13/33.4875/48.3561 |website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Khorramabad, Khorramabad County |date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023}}</ref>
|elevation_m            = 1147 
|elevation_ft           = 3763
|area_code              =
|blank_name             = [[Earth:Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
|blank_info             = [[Earth:Mediterranean climate#Hot-summer mediterranean climate|Csa]]
|website                = [http://www.khoramabad.ir/ www.Khorramabad.ir]
|footnotes              =
}}

'''Khorramabad''' ({{lang-fa|خرم‌آباد|Xorramâbâd}} {{IPA-fa|xoræmɒːˈbɒːd||Khorramabad.ogg}}), alternatively romanized as '''Khorramābād''', '''Khoramabad''', '''Khurramabad''', '''Khorram Abad''', '''Xurremabad''', '''Xorramâbâd''' or '''Khur Ramābād''',<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3071194}}</ref> is a city in the Central District of Khorramabad County, Lorestan province, [[Religion:Iran|Iran]], serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.<ref name="Lorestan Province Structure">{{cite web |title = Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the country divisions of Lorestan province, centered in the city of Khorramabad |language = fa |website = Lamtakam |url = https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113030 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240119215215/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113030 |publisher = Ministry of Interior, Political and Defense Commission of the Government Board |archive-date = 19 January 2024 |date = 21 June 1369 |access-date = 19 January 2024}}</ref>

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 328,544 in 75,945 households.<ref name="2006 census">{{cite web | title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006) | page = 15 | language = fa | publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran | website = AMAR | url = http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/15.xls | access-date = 25 September 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110920084728/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/15.xls | format = Excel | archive-date = 20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 348,216 people in 94,747 households.<ref name="2011 census">{{cite web | title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011) | page = 15 | language = fa | publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran | website = Syracuse University | url = https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Lorestan.xls | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230119153510/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Lorestan.xls | archive-date = 19 January 2023 | access-date = 19 December 2022 | format = Excel}}</ref> The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 373,416 people in 109,231 households.<ref name="2016 census">{{cite web | title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016) | page = 15 | language = fa | publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran | website = AMAR | url = https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_15.xlsx | access-date = 19 December 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201012230336/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_15.xlsx | format = Excel | archive-date = 12 October 2020}}</ref>

Khorramabad is in the [[Place:Zagros Mountains|Zagros Mountains]]. Khorramabad Airport is 3&nbsp;km south of the city proper.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://shoralr.eadl.ir/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86 | title=Lorestan Province | publisher=Lorestan council of dispute resolution | access-date=22 April 2021 | language=fa }}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Although not a major tourist destination, it is quite scenic and possesses several attractions, such as five [[Earth:Paleolithic|Paleolithic]] cave-dwelling sites.<ref>Baumler, Mark F. and Speth, John D. (1993) "A Middle Paleolithic Assemblage from Kunji Cave, Iran" pp. 1&ndash;74 ''In'' Olszewski, Deborah and Dibble, Harold Lewis (editors) (1993) ''The Paleolithic prehistory of the Zagros-Taurus'' The University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, {{ISBN|978-0-924171-24-6}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
The city population is predominantly Lur and the largest Luri-speaking city in the country.<ref>Anonby, Erik John [http://anonby.balafon.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/jra-172-171-197.pdf "Update on Luri: How many languages"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501053458/http://anonby.balafon.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/jra-172-171-197.pdf|date=2015-05-01}} ''JRAS (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society) Series 3'' 13(2): pp.&nbsp;171–197, p.183, {{doi|10.1017/S1356186303003067}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Khorramabad is the largest city of Lurs |date=18 April 2018 |url=http://yaftenews.ir/news/other/22438-khademi9701.html |access-date=22 April 2021 |publisher=Yafte news agancy |language=fa}}</ref> The linguistic composition of the city:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Language distribution: individual languages and language families |url=http://iranatlas.net/index.html?module=module.language-distribution.single_language#eyJ0IjoieCIsImkiOiJiNjBjOGY3OGMwYjI5MTAwYThhZjliNWVhNGYxNTQzZSIsInMiOjE2OTQ4MTAwMTI0NjB9 |access-date=15 September 2023 |website=Iran Atlas}}</ref>{{bar box|title=Khorramabad linguistic composition (2022)|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Language|right1=percent|float=|bars={{bar percent|Luri|blue|43}}
{{bar percent|[[Social:Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]|red|25}}
{{bar percent|[[Social:Persian language|Persian]]|orange|25}}
{{bar percent|Silakhori|brown|5}}
{{bar percent|Borujerdi|grey|1}}
{{bar percent|Other|black|1}}}}

==History==
===Hazaraspids===
The founder of the Hazaraspid dynasty was Abu Tahir ibn Muhammad, a descendant of the Shabankara chieftain Fadluya. Fadluya was initially a commander of the Salghurids of Fars and was appointed governor of Kuhgiluya,<ref>B. Spuller,[http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/unicode/v2f8/v2f8a075.html Atabakan-e Lorestan]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Encyclopædia Iranica.</ref> but eventually gained independence in Luristan and extended his realm as far as [[Place:Isfahan|Isfahan]]. 

===Safavid dynasty===
During the reign of the Safavid dynasty, Khorramabad was the administrative center of Luristan Province. In the wake of the demise of the Safavids, after the signing of the Treaty of Constantinople (1724) with Imperial Russia, the Ottomans conquered Khorramabad on the 6th of September 1725.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Somel|first1=Selcuk Aksin|title=Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire|date=2003|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0810866065|page=xlvi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGZQL41tg_oC&q=ottomans+khoy&pg=RA1-PR46}}</ref>

{{clearleft}}

== Monuments ==
[[File:Brick Minaret KhorramAbad .jpg|alt=|left|thumb|303x303px|Brick Minaret of Khorramabad]]

=== Brick minaret ===
Brick Minaret is a cylindrical brick tower from Seljuq and Buyid dynasties located inside the ancient city of Shapur khast, south of Khorramabad.

This Iranian minaret is a combination of the Indian Stupa, commemorative columns, and the [[Place:Central Asia|central Asia]] tradition of tower building for defensive and [[Biology:Communication|communication]] purposes.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The development of the Minaret in Iran under the Saljügs. A thesis presented for the degree of M. Phil. at London University.|last=Hutt, Anthony Max.|date=1974|oclc=46455166}}</ref> 

=== Sahpuri Bridge ===
==Colleges and universities==
[[File:Islamic Azad University of Khorramabad 01.jpg|thumb|Islamic Azad University of Khorramabad]]
*Islamic Azad University of Khorram Abad
*[[Organization:Lorestan University|Lorestan University]]<ref>[http://www.lu.ac.ir/English/English.htm Lorestan University" homepage, in English] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920214046/http://www.lu.ac.ir/English/English.htm |date=September 20, 2010 }}</ref>
*[[Organization:Lorestan University of Medical Sciences|Lorestan University of Medical Sciences]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lums.ac.ir/ |title=Lorestan University of Medical Sciences homepage |publisher=Lums.ac.ir |access-date=2012-09-12}}</ref>
*Madanni Technical College<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afpkh.ir/ |title=afpkh.ir |publisher=afpkh.ir |access-date=2012-09-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911083121/http://www.afpkh.ir/ |archive-date=2012-09-11 }}</ref>

== Sister cities and twin towns ==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan=2 | Country
! colspan=2 | City
! colspan=2 | State / Province / Region / Governorate
!Date
|-
|{{flagicon|TUR}}
|Turkey
|
|'''Afyonkarahisar'''
|
|''Afyonkarahisar Province''
|2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn%3D1393102700105 |title=خطا {{pipe}} خبرگزاری فارس |access-date=2015-03-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111910/http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=1393102700105 |archive-date=2015-04-02 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|JPN}}
|Japan
|
|'''Yamagata'''
|
|''Yamagata Prefecture''
|October 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sabt-ag.ir/%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF/|title=راهنمای ثبت شرکت در خرم آباد |website=www.Sabt-ag.ir}}</ref>
|December 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://shahin-soori.ir/|title=Shahin Souri |website=www.shahin-soori.ir}}</ref>
|}

==Photo gallery==
<gallery class="center" mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
File:منطقه نوژیان.jpg|Nojian [[Biology:Oak|oak]] forest, Khorramabad County
File:Makhmalkuh.jpg|Makhmalkuh Khorramabad County
File:Falak ol aflak panorama.jpg|Shapur Khast
File:Kiau Lake 7829.jpg|Keeyow [[Earth:Lake|lake]], Khorramabad
File:Khoramabad sarbazkhane.jpg|Sarbazkhane building
File:Pahlavi Building in Khorramabad 2014.jpg|Building in Khorramabad
File:Bisheh waterfall.jpg|Bisheh [[Earth:Waterfall|waterfall]], Khorramabad County
File:Khorramabad2014.jpg|Khorramabad
</gallery>

== Climate ==
Khorramabad has mild and semi-humid [[Earth:Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean climate]] with high amount of rainfall during spring and winter. It is the sixth cities in Iran having high level of annual rainfall.  
Khorramabad has what is classed under the [[Earth:Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate classification]] as a Hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) climate. Its elevation is 1147.8 above sea level. Average annual [[Earth:Precipitation|precipitation]] is 511.06 and its average annual temperature is 17.21 [[Celsius]].

{{Weather box
| location = Khorramabad (1951–2010)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 24.0
| Feb record high C = 26.0
| Mar record high C = 31.0
| Apr record high C = 37.0
| May record high C = 41.0
| Jun record high C = 45.0
| Jul record high C = 47.0
| Aug record high C = 47.0
| Sep record high C = 43.0
| Oct record high C = 37.0
| Nov record high C = 34.0
| Dec record high C = 25.6
| Jan high C = 10.9
| Feb high C = 13.2
| Mar high C = 17.3
| Apr high C = 22.6
| May high C = 29.0
| Jun high C = 36.0
| Jul high C = 39.6
| Aug high C = 39.3
| Sep high C = 35.1
| Oct high C = 28.0
| Nov high C = 19.2
| Dec high C = 13.0
| Jan mean C = 5.4
| Feb mean C = 7.2
| Mar mean C = 10.8
| Apr mean C = 15.4
| May mean C = 20.3
| Jun mean C = 25.7
| Jul mean C = 29.5
| Aug mean C = 29.0
| Sep mean C = 24.5
| Oct mean C = 18.9
| Nov mean C = 12.2
| Dec mean C = 7.3
| Jan low C = -0.1
| Feb low C = 1.1
| Mar low C = 4.2
| Apr low C = 8.1
| May low C = 11.7
| Jun low C = 15.4
| Jul low C = 19.5
| Aug low C = 18.8
| Sep low C = 14.0
| Oct low C = 9.8
| Nov low C = 5.1
| Dec low C = 1.5
| Jan record low C = -14.6
| Feb record low C = -11.0
| Mar record low C = -11.0
| Apr record low C = -7.0
| May record low C = -1.8
| Jun record low C = 7.0
| Jul record low C = 9.2
| Aug record low C = 8.0
| Sep record low C = 4.6
| Oct record low C = -1.4
| Nov record low C = -7.8
| Dec record low C = -12.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 78.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 73.4
| Mar precipitation mm = 84.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 72.0
| May precipitation mm = 29.3
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.9
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.3
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.3
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 21.7
| Nov precipitation mm = 60.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 82.5
| Jan rain days = 11.3
| Feb rain days = 10.4
| Mar rain days = 12.3
| Apr rain days = 11.0
| May rain days = 6.1
| Jun rain days = 0.8
| Jul rain days = 0.6
| Aug rain days = 0.4
| Sep rain days = 0.6
| Oct rain days = 4.6
| Nov rain days = 8.1
| Dec rain days = 9.9
| Jan snow days = 2.6
| Feb snow days = 1.5
| Mar snow days = 0.7
| Apr snow days = 0
| May snow days = 0
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0
| Nov snow days = 0.1
| Dec snow days = 0.9
| Jan humidity = 69
| Feb humidity = 64
| Mar humidity = 58
| Apr humidity = 56
| May humidity = 44
| Jun humidity = 28
| Jul humidity = 24
| Aug humidity = 24
| Sep humidity = 27
| Oct humidity = 39
| Nov humidity = 57
| Dec humidity = 68
| Jan sun = 162.8
| Feb sun = 173.6
| Mar sun = 198.3
| Apr sun = 214.5
| May sun = 276.7
| Jun sun = 340.5
| Jul sun = 345.5
| Aug sun = 335.0
| Sep sun = 304.9
| Oct sun = 258.9
| Nov sun = 195.4
| Dec sun = 162.9
| source 1 = [http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/lor/KHORAMAB]
}}

==See also==
* List of World Heritage Sites in Iran
* Khaydalu

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.khoramabad.ir/ Khorramabad municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314050115/http://www.khoramabad.ir/ |date=2015-03-14 }}








[[Category:Iranian provincial capitals]]




{{Sourceattribution|Khorramabad}}