View source for Place:Salvador, Bahia

{{Short description|Capital city of Bahia, Brazil}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Salvador
| settlement_type                 = Municipality
| official_name                   = Municipality of Salvador<br>
{{lang|pt|Município de Salvador}}
| motto                           = ''Sic illa ad arcam reversa est'' <small>([[Social:Latin language|Latin]])</small><br/>"So she returned to the ark"
| nickname                        = ''Roma Negra'' (Black [[Place:Rome|Rome]]) and ''Soterópolis''
| image_skyline                   = {{multiple image
|border            = infobox
|perrow            = 1/3/2
|total_width       = 290
|caption_align = center
 | image1   = Salvador BA (cropped) 2.jpg
 | caption1 = Skyline of Salvador from Barra
 | image2   = Farol_da_barra.jpg
 | caption2 = Barra Lighthouse
 | image3   = Pelourinho - Igreja Rosario dos Pretos.jpg
 | caption3 = {{lang|pt|Pelourinho|italic=no}}
 | image4   = Monumento ao Dois de Julho 2018-0079.jpg
 | caption4 = Monument to the Second of July
 | image5   = Centro Histórico Salvador Vista Aérea 2021-0933.jpg
 | caption5 = Historic Center
 | image6   = Entardecer elevedor lacerda.jpg
 | caption6 = Lacerda Elevator
 | image7   = Salvador Brazil skyline (cropped).jpg
 | caption7 = Panoramic view of the Vitória neighborhood
 | color  = white
 | footer = 
}}
| imagesize                       = 280px
| image_flag                      = Bandeira de Salvador.svg
| image_seal                      = Brasão de Salvador.svg
| image_map                       = Brazil Bahia Salvador location map.svg
| mapsize                         = 250px
| map_caption                     = Location of Salvador in the [[Place:Bahia|State of Bahia]]
| pushpin_map                     = Brazil#South America
| pushpin_label_position          = right
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in Brazil
| pushpin_relief                  = yes
| coordinates                     = {{coord|12|58|29|S|38|28|36|W|region:BR|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type                = [[Earth:List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type1               = Region
| subdivision_type2               = State
| subdivision_name                = {{flag|Brazil}}
| subdivision_name1               = Northeast
| subdivision_name2               = [[Place:Bahia|Bahia]]
| leader_title                    = [[Social:Mayor|Mayor]]
| leader_name                     = Bruno Soares Reis (UNIÃO)
| leader_title1                   = Deputy Mayor
| leader_name1                    = Ana Paula Matos (PDT)
| established_title               = Founded
| established_date                = 29 March 1549
| established_title2              = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date2               = 
| area_total_km2                  = 693
| area_land_km2                   = 
| area_water_km2                  = 66.91
| area_water_percent              = 
| area_metro_km2                  = 4375.123
| area_metro_sq_mi                = 
| population_as_of                = 2020 <ref>[https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/ba/salvador/panorama IBGE 2020]</ref>
| population_note                 = 
| population_total                = 2417678 (5th)
| population_density_km2          = 4187
| population_metro                = 3919864 (7th)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/censo2010/populacao_por_municipio.shtm | title=Primeiros resultados do Censo 2010 | language=pt | publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714032844/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/censo2010/populacao_por_municipio.shtm | archive-date=14 July 2011 | access-date=26 February 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/protabl.asp?c=608&i=P&nome=on&qtu8=137&digt102=&qtu14=3&notarodape=on&tab=608&opn8=0&opn14=2&unit=0&pov=1&opc1=1&poc2=1&OpcTipoNivt=1&opn1=0&qtu11=658&nivt=0&poc1=1&orp=5&qtu3=27&qtu13=47&opv=1&sec1=0&opc2=1&pop=1&opn2=0&orv=2&orc2=4&qtu2=5&opn10=0&sev=93&sec2=0&opp=f1&opn3=0&qtu6=5565&qtu102=14213&opn13=0&orc1=3&qtu1=1&opn9=0&cabec=on&sep=1001&orn=1&digt10=&opn11=0&qtu7=36&pon=2&qtu9=558&opn6=0&digt6=&opn102=0&OpcCara=44&proc=1&qtu10=10282&digt11=&opn7=2&decm=99 |title=População residente, por situação do domicílio e sexo – Aglomerados urbanos – Brasil |publisher=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics |access-date=12 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/brasil/noticia/2010/12/confira-o-ranking-das-maiores-regioes-metropolitanas.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413123836/http://g1.globo.com/brasil/noticia/2010/12/confira-o-ranking-das-maiores-regioes-metropolitanas.html|title=Confira o ranking das maiores regiões metropolitanas|first1=Do|last1=G1|first2=em São|last2=Paulo|date=4 December 2010|archive-date=13 April 2015|website=Brasil}}</ref>
| population_footnotes            = 
| population_density_metro_km2    = 891.3
| population_urban                = 
| population_demonym              = [[Social:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Soteropolitano/a'' [[Social:English language|English]]: ''Soteropolitan''
<!-- GDP --------------->
| demographics_type1       = [[Finance:GDP|GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values)]]
| demographics1_footnotes  = 
| demographics1_title1     = Year
| demographics1_info1      = 2023
| demographics1_title2     = Total
| demographics1_info2      = $49.0&nbsp;billion<ref name="TelluBase">{{cite web|url=https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_bra.pdf|publisher=Tellusant|title=TelluBase—Brazil Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)| access-date = 2024-01-11}}</ref>
| timezone                        = BRT
| utc_offset                      = &minus;3
| timezone_DST                    = 
| utc_offset_DST                  = 
| elevation_m                     = 8
| area_code_type                  = Area code
| area_code                       = +55 71
| postal_code_type                = Postal code
| postal_code                     = 40000-001 to 42599-999
| blank_name                      = '''[[Engineering:Human Development Index|HDI]]''' (2010)
| blank_info                      = 0.759  – <span style="color:#090">high</span><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708233352/http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2014 |access-date=August 1, 2013 |publisher=[[Organization:United Nations Development Programme|United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP)
}}</ref>
| website                         = {{URL|http://www.salvador.ba.gov.br}} {{in lang|pt}}
| module                          = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| child         = yes
| official_name = Historic Center of Salvador de Bahia
| criteria      = {{UNESCO WHS type|(iv)(vi)}}(iv)(vi)
| ID            = 309
| year          = 1985
}}
| native_name_lang                = Portuguese
}}

'''Salvador'''{{refn|group=n|The presented pronunciation in Brazilian Portuguese is {{IPA-pt|sawvaˈdoʁ|}} spoken around Brazil and most variants.}} is a Brazilian municipality and capital city of the state of [[Place:Bahia|Bahia]]. Situated in the Zona da Mata in the Northeast Region of Brazil, Salvador is recognized throughout the country and internationally for its cuisine, music, and architecture. The African influence in many cultural aspects of the city makes it a center of Afro-Brazilian culture. As the first capital of Colonial Brazil, the city is one of the oldest in the [[Earth:Americas|Americas]] and one of the first planned cities in the world, having been established during the [[Philosophy:Renaissance|Renaissance]] period. Its foundation in 1549 by Tomé de Sousa took place on account of the implementation of the General Government of Brazil by the [[Place:Portuguese Empire|Portuguese Empire]].

Centralization as a capital, along with Portuguese colonization, were important factors in shaping the profile of the municipality, as were certain geographic characteristics. The construction of the city followed the uneven [[Earth:Topography|topography]], initially with the formation of two levels—Upper Town (''{{lang|pt|Cidade Alta}}'') and Lower Town (''{{lang|pt|Cidade Baixa}}'')—on a steep [[Earth:Escarpment|escarpment]], and later with the conception of valley avenues. With {{Convert|692818|km2|mi2|sp=us}} in area, its emerged territory is [[Earth:Peninsula|peninsular]], and the coast is bordered by the Bay of All Saints to the west and the [[Earth:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] to the east. The Historic Center of Salvador, iconized on the outskirts of {{lang|pt|Pelourinho|italic=no}}, is known for its colonial architecture, with historical monuments dating from the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century, and was declared a World Heritage Site by [[Organization:UNESCO|UNESCO]] in 1985. The stage of one of the biggest Carnivals in the world (the biggest street party in the world, according to the ''Guinness World Records''), the integration of the municipality to the UNESCO's Creative Cities Network as the "City of Music", a unique title in the country, added to the international recognition of Salvador's music.

With more than 2.9&nbsp;million inhabitants as of 2020, it is the most populous municipality in the Northeast, the third most populous in Brazil ([[Engineering:Brasília|Brasília]] surpassed Salvador in 2016, but it is a [[Social:Federal district|federal district]], not a municipality), and the ninth largest Latin American city. It is the core of the metropolitan area known as "Great Salvador", which had an estimated 3,957,123 inhabitants in 2020 according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). This makes it the second most populous metropolitan area in the Northeast, the seventh in Brazil, and one of the largest in the world. Also due to these urban-population dimensions, it is classified by the IBGE study on the [[Engineering:Urban hierarchy in Brazil|Brazilian urban network]] as a regional metropolis. In its reports for the years 2014 and 2020, the Research Network of Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) classified Salvador as a [[Global city|global city]] in the "Sufficiency" category (the smallest). Global city surveys by consultancy Kearney also included Salvador in the 2018 and 2020 annual reports, while excluding it in the 2019.

The economic center of the state, Salvador is also a port city, administrative and tourist center. Its metropolitan region has the highest GDP among urban concentrations in the Northeast. In 2018, it had the second-highest [[Finance:Gross domestic product|gross domestic product]] (GDP) among Northeastern municipalities. Furthermore, it is the headquarters of important regional, national and international companies, such as Novonor, [[Company:Braskem|Braskem]], Neoenergy Coelba, and Suzano Papel e Celulose. In addition to companies, the city hosts or has hosted many cultural, political, educational, sports events and organizations, such as the Bahia State University, the [[Organization:Federal University of Bahia|Federal University of Bahia]], the Brazilian Army Complementary Training School, the Brazilian Surfing Confederation, the 12th {{wipe|United Nations}} Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (in 2010), the third [[Organization:Ibero-American Summit|Ibero-American Summit]] (in 1993), the 2003 Pan-American Judo Championship, the second Conference of Intellectuals from Africa and the Diaspora (in 2006),<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2006 |title=Second Conference of Intellectuals from Africa and the Diaspora |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000146986 |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=unesdoc.unesco.org}}</ref> the 1989 Copa América, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and Group E of the women's football tournament in the 2016 Summer Olympics.

==History==
{{anchor|History}}
{{Quote box |width=20em |align=right|bgcolor=#B0C4DE
|title=Historical Affiliations
|fontsize=90% |quote={{flag|Portuguese Empire|1640}} 1549–1815<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of New Holland.svg|border}} Dutch Brazil 1624–1625<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves.svg|border}} United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves 1815–1823<br/>{{flag|Empire of Brazil}} 1823–1889<br/>{{flagicon|BRA}} {{wipe|Brazil}} 1889–present
}}
[[File:Tomé_de_sousa.jpg|thumb|Tomé de Sousa arrives in Bahia, 16th century.]]
[[File:Solar Ferrão fachada 2008.jpg|thumb|Solar Ferrão in {{lang|pt|Pelourinho|italic=no}}]]
[[File:Attack_on_San_Salvador_RMG_BHC0268.tiff|thumb|left|Dutch fleet commanded by Piet Pieterszoon Hein in Salvador during the unsuccessful 1624 invasion.]]
[[File:Salvador_Brasil_1875.jpg|thumb|left|Salvador in 1875 during the Empire of Brazil.]]
Salvador lies on a small, roughly triangular peninsula that separates the Bay of All Saints, the largest bay in Brazil, from the [[Earth:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2014/11/maior-baia-do-pais-tem-ilhas-esconde-naufragios-e-e-retrato-da-desigualdade.html |title=All Saints Bay |date=November 2014 |access-date=1 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104092911/http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2014/11/maior-baia-do-pais-tem-ilhas-esconde-naufragios-e-e-retrato-da-desigualdade.html |archive-date=4 November 2014 |url-status=live }}. {{in lang|pt}}</ref> It was first reached by Gaspar de Lemos in 1501, just one year after Cabral's purported [[History:Discovery of Brazil|discovery of Brazil]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoviagem.uol.com.br/brasil/bahia/salvador/ |title=Salvador – Bahia – A primeira cidade do Brasil, capital cultural – EcoViagem |publisher=Ecoviagem.uol.com.br |access-date=2017-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322222625/http://ecoviagem.uol.com.br/brasil/bahia/salvador/ |archive-date=22 March 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> During his second voyage for [[Place:Portuguese Empire|Portugal]], the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci sighted the bay on All Saints' Day (1 November) 1502 and, in honor of the date and his parish church in [[Place:Florence|Florence]], he named it the Bay of the Saint Savior of All the Saints.{{sfnp|Bargellini & al.|1977|pp=337–340}} The first European to settle nearby was Diogo Álvares Correia ("Caramuru"),{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} who was shipwrecked off the end of the peninsula in 1509. He lived among the Tupinambá, marrying Guaibimpara and others. In 1531, Martim Afonso de Sousa led an expedition from Mount St Paul (''{{lang|pt|Morro de São Paulo}}'')<ref>{{citation |contribution-url=http://www.climatefinder.com/places/SBSV |contribution=SBSV |url=http://www.climatefinder.com |title=Climate Finder |access-date=28 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113072657/http://www.climatefinder.com/ |archive-date=13 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> and, in 1534, Francisco Pereira Coutinho, the first captain of Bahia, established the settlement of Pereira in modern Salvador's Ladeira da Barra neighborhood. Mistreatment of the Tupinambá by the settlers caused them to turn hostile and the Portuguese were forced to flee to Porto Seguro {{circa|lk=no|1546}}.{{sfnp|Schwartz|1985|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=InAVH-gPgdkC&pg=PA19 19]}} An attempted restoration of the colony the next year ended in shipwreck and [[Biology:Cannibalism|cannibalism]].<ref name=hisbah>{{citation |contribution-url=http://www.historia-bahia.com/caramuru.htm |contribution=Caramuru: O patriarca da Nação Brasileira |url=http://www.historia-bahia.com |title=Guia Geográfico: História da Bahia |last=Bacelar |first=Jonildo |access-date=12 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109203137/http://historia-bahia.com/ |archive-date=9 January 2016 |url-status=live }}. {{in lang|pt}}</ref>

The present city was established as the fortress of '''{{nowrap|São Salvador}} da Bahia de {{nowrap|Todos os Santos}}''' ("Holy Savior of the Bay of All Saints")<ref>{{cite book|last=Graham|first=Sandra Lauderdale|title=Caetana Says No: Women's Stories from a Brazilian Slave Society|url=http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam033/2002067666.pdf|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=2002|page=3|isbn=0-521-89353-4|access-date=29 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114103623/http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam033/2002067666.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>{{refn|group=n|As late as the 19th century, it was also known in English as ''San'' Salvador,{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=239}} although the general name continued to be "Bahia".{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=239}}{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}}}} in 1549 by Portuguese settlers under Tomé de Sousa, Brazil's first governor-general.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=240}} It is one of the oldest cities founded by Europeans in the [[Earth:Americas|Americas]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.escolakids.com/salvador--a-primeira-capital-do-brasil.htm |title=Salvador – A Primeira Capital do Brasil |access-date=20 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401010410/http://www.escolakids.com/salvador--a-primeira-capital-do-brasil.htm |archive-date=1 April 2014 |url-status=live }}. {{in lang|pt}}</ref> From a cliff overlooking the Bay of All Saints,{{refn|group=n|Its exact position remains a matter of debate.{{sfnp|Coelho Filho|2015|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=AV9NCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT90 90 ff]}}}} it served as Brazil's first capital and quickly became a major port for its [[History:Atlantic slave trade|slave trade]] and [[Biology:Sugarcane|sugarcane]] industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ridim-br.mus.ufba.br/ridim2011/en/history.html |title=13th International RIdIM Conference & 1st Brazilian Conference on Music Iconography – Salvador 2011 |publisher=Ridim-br.mus.ufba.br |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205052739/http://www.ridim-br.mus.ufba.br/ridim2011/en/history.html |archive-date=5 February 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Salvador was long divided into an upper and a lower city, divided by a sharp escarpment some {{convert|85|m|ft|sp=us}} high.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.alovelyworld.com/webbresil/htmgb/bre012.htm|title=Geography|publisher=Aloveworld|location=Salvador, Brazil|isbn=85-240-3919-1|access-date=2007-07-18|year=2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060227020257/http://www.alovelyworld.com/webbresil/htmgb/bre012.htm|archive-date=27 February 2006|url-status=live}}</ref> The upper city formed the administrative, religious, and primary residential districts while the lower city was the commercial center, with a port and market.

In the Roman Catholic Church, {{wipe|Brazil}} and the rest of the [[Place:Portuguese Empire|Portuguese Empire]] were initially administered as part of the Diocese of Funchal in [[History:Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] but, in 1551, Salvador became the [[Religion:Cathedral|seat]] of the first Roman Catholic [[Religion:Diocese|diocese]] erected in Brazil.<ref>{{citation |author=Julius III |date=25 February 1551 |title=Super specula militantis Ecclesiae... |author-link=Pope Julius III }}. {{in lang|la}}</ref> The first parish church<ref name=sepalha/> was the mud-and-thatch Church of [[Religion:Mary Help of Christians|Our Lady of Help]] (''{{lang|pt|Igreja da Nossa Senhora da Ajuda}}'') erected by the Jesuits (Society of Jesus),{{refn|group=n|This church was first rebuilt in stone and mortar in 1579 and then demolished in 1912 to widen a road. The present Church of Our Lady of Help is located a block away from the original site.<ref name=antaj>{{citation |contribution-url=http://www.bahia-turismo.com/salvador/igrejas/igreja-ajuda-antiga.htm |contribution=Antiga Igreja da Ajuda [Old Church of Our Lady of Help] |url=http://www.igrejas-bahia.com/index.htm |title=Guia Geográfico: Igrejas da Bahia |access-date=12 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114103623/http://www.igrejas-bahia.com/index.htm |archive-date=14 January 2016 |url-status=live }}. {{in lang|pt}}</ref>}} which served as the first cathedral of the diocese until the Jesuits finished construction of the original basilica on the Terreiro de Jesus in 1553.<ref name=sepalha>{{citation |contribution-url=http://www.bahia-turismo.com/salvador/igrejas/se-de-palha.htm |contribution=A Sé de Palha [The See of Straw] |url=http://www.igrejas-bahia.com/index.htm |title=Guia Geográfico: Igrejas da Bahia |access-date=12 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114103623/http://www.igrejas-bahia.com/index.htm |archive-date=14 January 2016 |url-status=live }}. {{in lang|pt}}</ref>{{refn|group=n|This basilica was later rebuilt from 1656 to 1672.<ref name=catbas>{{citation |contribution-url=http://www.bahia-turismo.com/salvador/igrejas/catedral-basilica.htm |contribution=Catedral Basílica de São Salvador [Basilica Cathedral of São Salvador] |url=http://www.igrejas-bahia.com/index.htm |title=Guia Geográfico: Igrejas da Bahia |access-date=12 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114103623/http://www.igrejas-bahia.com/index.htm |archive-date=14 January 2016 |url-status=live }}. {{in lang|pt}}</ref>}} Its bishop was made independent of the Archdiocese of Lisbon at the request of King Pedro II in 1676;<ref>{{citation |author=Innocent XI |date=16 November 1676 |title=Inter Pastoralis Officii Curas... |author-link=Pope Innocent XI }}. {{in lang|la}}</ref> he served as the [[Religion:Primate (bishop)|primate]] of the Congo and Angola in central [[Earth:Africa|Africa]] until the elevation of the Diocese of Luanda on 13 January 1844 and its bishop still serves as the national primate and premier see (diocese) of Brazil.

In 1572, the Governorate of Brazil was divided into the separate governorates of Bahia in the north and Rio de Janeiro in the south. These were reunited as Brazil six years later, then redivided from 1607 to 1613. By that time, [[History:Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] had become temporarily united with [[Place:Spanish Empire|Spain]] and was ruled from [[Place:Madrid|Madrid]] by its kings. In 1621, King Philip III replaced the Governorate of Brazil with the states of Brazil, still based in Salvador and now controlling the south, and the Maranhão, which was centered on São Luís and controlled what is now northern Brazil. As Spain was then prosecuting a war against the independence of the Dutch, the [[Place:Dutch Republic|Dutch]] East and West India companies tried to conquer Brazil from them. Salvador played a strategically vital role against Dutch Brazil, but was captured and sacked by a West India Company fleet under Jacob Willekens and Piet Hein on 10 May 1624. Johan van Dorth administered the colony before his assassination, freeing its slaves. The city was recaptured by a Luso-Spanish fleet under Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Mendoza on 1 May 1625. John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, tried to conquer the city for his country, unsuccessfully besieging it between April and May 1638.
[[File:Campo Grande ssa.jpg|thumb|right|Monument dedicated to the heroes of the battles of Bahia's independence from Portugal in the Campo Grande Square]]
In 1763, the colonial administration was removed to Rio de Janeiro and elevated to a viceroyalty. Salvador remained the heart of the ''{{lang|pt|Recôncavo}}'', Bahia's rich agricultural maritime district,<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.narradoresdoreconcavo.com.br/index/reconcavo |title=Recôncavo Baiano |access-date=20 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420043752/http://www.narradoresdoreconcavo.com.br/index/reconcavo |archive-date=20 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}. {{in lang|pt}}</ref> but was largely outside Brazil's early modernization. The area formed a center of royal Portuguese support against heir apparent {{nowrap|Pedro I}}'s declaration of independence from European Portugal on 7 September 1822. Its elites initially remained loyal to the Portuguese crown{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} while rebels from Cachoeira besieged them for a year until finally receiving Portugal's surrender of the town on 2 July 1823, which is now celebrated as Bahia Independence Day.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www2.senado.leg.br/bdsf/bitstream/handle/id/70433/CE_BA_EC_26-2020%20.pdf |title=Article 6th, paragraph 3rd of the Constitution of Bahia |access-date=18 April 2020}}. {{in lang|pt}}</ref> The local elite was similarly hesitant during Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca's later coup that established the republic in 1889.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}}

Owing to whales' use of the Bay of All Saints as a mating ground, Salvador became a large whaling port in the [[Earth:Southern Hemisphere|Southern Hemisphere]] during the 19th century but the trade had already begun to fall off by the 1870s.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=239}}

Under the empire and republic periods, however, the town slowly began to industrialize. In 1873, Brazil's first elevator, the powerful hydraulic ''{{lang|pt|Elevador Lacerda}}'', was constructed to connect the city's upper and lower towns.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=239}} Having undergone several upgrades, it continues in use.<ref>[http://www.salvadorbahia.org/ Cidade Baixa e Alta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528141048/http://www.salvadorbahia.org/ |date=28 May 2014 }} {{in lang|pt}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=tudobeleza |url=http://eyesonbrazil.com/2008/07/15/salvador-da-bahia-first-national-capital/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710215326/http://eyesonbrazil.com/2008/07/15/salvador-da-bahia-first-national-capital/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-07-10 |title=Salvador da Bahia – First National Capital |publisher=Eyes on Brazil |date=2008-07-15 |access-date=2014-01-27 }}</ref> By the First World War, it was joined by a second elevator{{refn|group=n|The development of the tramways and elevators, however, ended a long-running trade for porters and chairmen carrying people and goods up the steep staircase streets of the escarpment.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=239}}}} and Salvador was connected to four railroads: the Bahia & Alagoinhas to Joazeiro, the Bahia Central, the Nazareth Tramway, and a short line to Santo Amaro.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} Its central districts and the major suburbs of Bomfim and Victoria were served by four streetcar lines,{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=239}}{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} which had begun to electrify.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} It also served as a [[Engineering:Port|port of call]] for most [[Engineering:Steamship|steamship]] lines trading between [[Earth:Europe|Europe]] and South America.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}}

In 1985, [[Organization:UNESCO|UNESCO]] listed the city's {{lang|pt|Pelourinho|italic=no}} neighborhood as a World Heritage Site.<ref name=unesco>{{citation |contribution=Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia |contribution-url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/309 |title=World Heritage List |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ |publisher=UNESCO |location=Paris |access-date=4 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101002905/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ |archive-date=1 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://portal.iphan.gov.br/portal/montarPaginaSecao.do;jsessionid=C8A07C68C0AB14EAB447EEA1E7BCAEF1?id=18121&retorno=paginaIphan Centro Histórico da cidade de Salvador] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420051144/http://portal.iphan.gov.br/portal/montarPaginaSecao.do;jsessionid=C8A07C68C0AB14EAB447EEA1E7BCAEF1?id=18121&retorno=paginaIphan |date=20 April 2014 }} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> In the 1990s, a major municipal project cleaned and restored the neighborhood in order to develop it as the cultural center and heart of the city's tourist trade. The development of the Historical Center, however, involved the forced removal of thousands of working-class residents and now necessitates local and municipal events in order to attract people to the area.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.ywamcity.org/city.asp?id=75 |title=YWam City |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912061824/http://www.ywamcity.org/city.asp?id=75 |archive-date=12 September 2011 }}</ref> The relocated workers, meanwhile, have encountered significant economic hardship in their new homes on the city's periphery, separated from access to work and civic amenities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=26125 |title=Zumbi dos Palmares Monument Marker |publisher=Hmdb.org |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128001316/http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=26125 |archive-date=28 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2007, Porto da Barra Beach in Barra was named by ''{{wipe|The Guardian}}'' as the 3rd-best beach in the world.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2007/feb/16/beach.top10 Top 10 beaches of the world] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201182101/https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2007/feb/16/beach.top10 |date=1 December 2016 }} {{in lang|en}}.</ref> In 2010, the city hosted the 12th {{wipe|United Nations}} Congress on Crime Prevention.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/conf/crimecongress2010/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708175033/http://www.un.org/en/conf/crimecongress2010/|title=Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Salvador, Brazil, 2-19 April 2010|archive-date=8 July 2014|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> The city hosted the 2013 Confederations Cup and was one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil at its Arena Fonte Nova.<ref>[http://www.itaipavaarenafontenova.com.br/ Arena Fonte Nova] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516190322/http://itaipavaarenafontenova.com.br/ |date=16 May 2014 }} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> As part of its preparations for the World Cup, the city re-established its public transportation lines as the Salvador Metro.

== Geography ==
=== Climate ===
Salvador has a trade-wind [[Earth:Tropical rainforest climate|tropical rainforest climate]] (Köppen: ''Af''). Temperatures are relatively consistent, showing little variance throughout the course of the year.<ref name=INMETtmed/> Salvador's driest months of the year are December and January, when the city receives on average less than {{convert|10|cm|0|abbr=on}} of precipitation. Salvador's wettest months are April, May and June, when at least {{convert|20|cm|0|abbr=on}} of rain falls during each of these three months.<ref name=INMETprecip/>

{{Weather box
|location = Salvador (Bahia) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1911–present
|width = auto
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 34.3
|Feb record high C = 34.7
|Mar record high C = 37.0
|Apr record high C = 34.5
|May record high C = 31.6
|Jun record high C = 30.6
|Jul record high C = 30.7
|Aug record high C = 31.3
|Sep record high C = 30.7
|Oct record high C = 33.5
|Nov record high C = 33.5
|Dec record high C = 34.3
|year record high C = 37
|Jan high C = 31.0
|Feb high C = 31.1
|Mar high C = 30.9
|Apr high C = 29.6
|May high C = 28.1
|Jun high C = 27.1
|Jul high C = 26.6
|Aug high C = 26.7
|Sep high C = 27.7
|Oct high C = 29.1
|Nov high C = 29.8
|Dec high C = 30.6
|year high C = 29.0
|Jan mean C = 26.9
|Feb mean C = 27.1
|Mar mean C = 27.1
|Apr mean C = 26.4
|May mean C = 25.3
|Jun mean C = 24.3
|Jul mean C = 23.7
|Aug mean C = 23.6
|Sep mean C = 24.3
|Oct mean C = 25.4
|Nov mean C = 26.1
|Dec mean C = 26.6
|year mean C = 25.6
|Jan low C = 23.8
|Feb low C = 24.0
|Mar low C = 24.1
|Apr low C = 23.6
|May low C = 22.8
|Jun low C = 21.9
|Jul low C = 21.1
|Aug low C = 21.0
|Sep low C = 21.5
|Oct low C = 22.5
|Nov low C = 23.1
|Dec low C = 23.5
|year low C = 22.7
|Jan record low C = 19.8
|Feb record low C = 19.5
|Mar record low C = 18.7
|Apr record low C = 18.7
|May record low C = 18.0
|Jun record low C = 18.2
|Jul record low C = 17.5
|Aug record low C = 17.7
|Sep record low C = 17.6
|Oct record low C = 18.3
|Nov record low C = 18.9
|Dec record low C = 19.8
|year record low C = 17.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 76.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 98.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 147.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 284.9
|May precipitation mm = 302.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 237.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 194.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 129.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 99.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 91.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 108.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 63.4
|year precipitation mm = 1833.3
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 9
|Feb precipitation days = 9
|Mar precipitation days = 11
|Apr precipitation days = 16
|May precipitation days = 18
|Jun precipitation days = 19
|Jul precipitation days = 18
|Aug precipitation days = 16
|Sep precipitation days = 11
|Oct precipitation days = 8
|Nov precipitation days = 8
|Dec precipitation days = 7
|year precipitation days = 150
|Jan humidity = 78.7
|Feb humidity = 79.4
|Mar humidity = 80.6
|Apr humidity = 83.3
|May humidity = 85.1
|Jun humidity = 84.9
|Jul humidity = 83.4
|Aug humidity = 82.1
|Sep humidity = 81.2
|Oct humidity = 80.0
|Nov humidity = 80.4
|Dec humidity = 79.3
|year humidity = 81.5
|Jan sun = 234.8
|Feb sun = 208.2
|Mar sun = 225.5
|Apr sun = 185.4
|May sun = 156.7
|Jun sun = 144.6
|Jul sun = 169.6
|Aug sun = 190.4
|Sep sun = 205.3
|Oct sun = 226.6
|Nov sun = 202.9
|Dec sun = 222.8
|year sun = 2372.8
|source 1 = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia<ref name=INMETtmax>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043914/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMAX.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMAX.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Máxima Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 24 March 2022}}</ref><ref name=INMETtmed>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043931/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMEDSECA.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMEDSECA.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Média Compensada Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 24 March 2022}}</ref><ref name=INMETtmin>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324044001/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMIN.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMIN.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Mínima Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 24 March 2022}}</ref><ref name=INMETprecip>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043703/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PREC.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PREC.xlsx
| title = Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 24 March 2022}}</ref><ref name=INMETprecipdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324044003/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PRENDIAS1.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PRENDIAS1.xlsx
| title = Número de dias no mês ou no ano com precipitação maior ou igual a (1 mm) (dias)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 24 March 2022}}</ref><ref name=INMEThumidity>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043838/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-UR.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-UR.xlsx
| title = Umidade Relativa do Ar Compensada Mensal e Anual (%)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 24 March 2022}}</ref><ref name=INMETinsolacion>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043829/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-INSO.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-INSO.xlsx
| title =Insolação Total (horas)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 24 March 2022}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimat>
{{cite web 
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/station-1422-Salvadorondina.php
| title = Station Salvaodr (Ondina)
| publisher = Meteo Climat 
|language = fr 
| access-date = 24 March 2022}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==
[[File:Skyline of Salvador, Brazil.jpg|thumb|right|Rio Vermelho and Horto Florestal neighborhoods]]
[[File:Ponta_de_Santo_Antônio.jpg|thumb|View of Farol da Barra Lighthouse]]
[[File:Av Paralela no Imbuí.jpg|alt=|thumb|Luís Viana Avenue (also known as Paralela Avenue). It connects the Financial Center to the North Zone of city (airport).]]

In 2010, the city of Salvador was the third-most populous city in {{wipe|Brazil}}, after São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2010/11/04/maiores-cidades-do-brasil-crescem-menos-do-que-resto-do-pais-aponta-censo.jhtm |title=The largest Brazilian cities – 2010 IBGE Census (in Portuguese) |publisher=Noticias.uol.com.br |access-date=2017-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106193624/http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2010/11/04/maiores-cidades-do-brasil-crescem-menos-do-que-resto-do-pais-aponta-censo.jhtm |archive-date=6 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> The city had 474,827 opposite-sex couples and 1,595 same-sex couples. The population of Salvador was 53.3% [[Biology:Female|female]] and 46.7% [[Biology:Male|male]].<ref name="censo2010.ibge.gov.br">{{cite web |title=2010 IGBE Census |url=http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/painel/?nivel=mn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145708/http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/painel/?nivel=mn |archive-date=14 May 2012 |access-date=2014-01-27 |publisher=Censo2010.ibge.gov.br |language=pt}}</ref>

===Ethnic groups===
{{bar box
|title    = Race and ethnicity in Salvador
|width    = 287px
|titlebar = #ddd
|left1    = Ethnicity
|right1   = Percentage
|float    = left
|bars=
{{bar percent|Pardo ([[Social:Multiracial#Brazil|Multiracial]])|#009000|49.1}}
{{bar percent|Black|#9955BB|34.1}}
{{bar percent|White|blue|16.5}}
{{bar percent|Amerindian|red|0.2}}
{{bar percent|Asian|yellow|0.1}}
}}

According to the 2022 census, there were 2,417,678 people residing in the city of Salvador.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo 2022 - Panorama |url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/}}</ref> The census revealed the following self-identification: 1,186,416 persons identify as Pardo ([[Social:Multiracial#Brazil|Multiracial]]) (49.1%); 825,509 as Black (34.1%); 398,688 as White (16.5%); and 4,395 as Amerindian (0.2%); 2,605 as Asian (0.1%).<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo 2022 - Panorama |url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/}}</ref>



Salvador's population is the result of 500 years of [[Social:Interracial marriage|interracial marriage]]. The majority of the population has African, European and Native American roots. The African ancestry of the city is from Angola, Benin, Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Senegal and Mozambique.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoviagem.uol.com.br/brasil/bahia/salvador/ |title=African ancestries in Salvador |language=en |publisher=Ecoviagem.uol.com.br |access-date=2017-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322222625/http://ecoviagem.uol.com.br/brasil/bahia/salvador/ |archive-date=22 March 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>[[File:Catedral Basílica Salvador 2019-6527.jpg|thumb|Mannerist Cathedral Basilica of Salvador, the Primate of Brazil (1657–1746<ref>Flexor, Maria Helena Ochi. "Catedral Basílica". In: ''Igrejas e Conventos da Bahia''. Series Roteiros do Patrimônio, vol. II. Brasília: Iphan / Programa Monumenta, 2010, pp. 11–36</ref>)]]According to an autosomal DNA study from 2008, the ancestral heritage of the population of Salvador was estimated to be 49.2% African, 36.3% [[Earth:Europe|Europe]]an and 14.5% Native American.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web2.sbg.org.br/congress/sbg2008/pdfs2008/23959.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-10-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426180856/http://web2.sbg.org.br/congress/sbg2008/pdfs2008/23959.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2011}}</ref> The study also analyzed the genetic backgrounds of people by type of surname. Those with surnames with a religious connotation were 53.1% African in genetic ancestry and tended to be in lower economic classes. During the colonial era, it was typical practice for Portuguese priests and missionaries to baptize converted African slaves and Native Americans with surnames of religious connotations. These have been passed down to their descendants.

A 2015 autosomal DNA study found out the following ancestral composition in Salvador: 50.5% of African ancestry, 42.4% of European ancestry and 5.8% of Native American ancestry.<ref name="Lima-Costa Rodrigues Barreto et al 2015">{{cite journal |last1=Lima-Costa |first1=M. Fernanda |last2=Rodrigues |first2=Laura C. |last3=Barreto |first3=Maurício L. |last4=Gouveia |first4=Mateus |last5=Horta |first5=Bernardo L. |last6=Mambrini |first6=Juliana |last7=Kehdy |first7=Fernanda S. G. |last8=Pereira |first8=Alexandre |last9=Rodrigues-Soares |first9=Fernanda |last10=Victora |first10=Cesar G. |last11=Tarazona-Santos |first11=Eduardo |last12=Cesar |first12=Cibele C. |last13=Conceição |first13=Jackson S. |last14=Costa |first14=Gustavo N.O. |last15=Esteban |first15=Nubia |last16=Fiaccone |first16=Rosemeire L. |last17=Figueiredo |first17=Camila A. |last18=Firmo |first18=Josélia O.A. |last19=Horimoto |first19=Andrea R.V.R. |last20=Leal |first20=Thiago P. |last21=Machado |first21=Moara |last22=Magalhães |first22=Wagner C.S. |last23=de Oliveira |first23=Isabel Oliveira |last24=Peixoto |first24=Sérgio V. |last25=Rodrigues |first25=Maíra R. |last26=Santos |first26=Hadassa C. |last27=Silva |first27=Thiago M. |title=Genomic ancestry and ethnoracial self-classification based on 5,871 community-dwelling Brazilians (The Epigen Initiative) |journal=Scientific Reports |date=27 April 2015 |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=9812 |doi=10.1038/srep09812 |pmid=25913126 |pmc=5386196 |bibcode=2015NatSR...5E9812. }}</ref> The researchers explained they oversampled individuals living in poor environments (page 4).<ref name="Lima-Costa Rodrigues Barreto et al 2015" />

Another 2015 autosomal DNA found out Salvador to be 50.8% African, 42.9% European and 6.4% Native American.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kehdy |first1=Fernanda S. G. |last2=Gouveia |first2=Mateus H. |last3=Machado |first3=Moara |last4=Magalhães |first4=Wagner C. S. |last5=Horimoto |first5=Andrea R. |last6=Horta |first6=Bernardo L. |last7=Moreira |first7=Rennan G. |last8=Leal |first8=Thiago P. |last9=Scliar |first9=Marilia O. |last10=Soares-Souza |first10=Giordano B. |last11=Rodrigues-Soares |first11=Fernanda |last12=Araújo |first12=Gilderlanio S. |last13=Zamudio |first13=Roxana |last14=Sant Anna |first14=Hanaisa P. |last15=Santos |first15=Hadassa C. |last16=Duarte |first16=Nubia E. |last17=Fiaccone |first17=Rosemeire L. |last18=Figueiredo |first18=Camila A. |last19=Silva |first19=Thiago M. |last20=Costa |first20=Gustavo N. O. |last21=Beleza |first21=Sandra |last22=Berg |first22=Douglas E. |last23=Cabrera |first23=Lilia |last24=Debortoli |first24=Guilherme |last25=Duarte |first25=Denise |last26=Ghirotto |first26=Silvia |last27=Gilman |first27=Robert H. |last28=Gonçalves |first28=Vanessa F. |last29=Marrero |first29=Andrea R. |last30=Muniz |first30=Yara C. |last31=Weissensteiner |first31=Hansi |last32=Yeager |first32=Meredith |last33=Rodrigues |first33=Laura C. |last34=Barreto |first34=Mauricio L. |last35=Lima-Costa |first35=M. Fernanda |last36=Pereira |first36=Alexandre C. |last37=Rodrigues |first37=Maíra R. |last38=Tarazona-Santos |first38=Eduardo |last39=Alcantara-Neves |first39=Neuza |last40=Araújo |first40=Nathalia M. |last41=Carvalho |first41=Márcio L.B. |last42=Conceição |first42=Jackson Santos |last43=Firmo |first43=Josélia O.A. |last44=Gigante |first44=Denise P. |last45=Meira |first45=Lindolfo |last46=Muniz-Queiroz |first46=Thais |last47=Oliveira |first47=Guilherme C. |last48=Oliveira |first48=Isabel O. |last49=Peixoto |first49=Sérgio V. |last50=Proietti |first50=Fernando A. |last51=Rodrigues |first51=Domingos C. |last52=Santolalla |first52=Meddly L. |last53=Strina |first53=Agostino |last54=Zolini |first54=Camila |title=Origin and dynamics of admixture in Brazilians and its effect on the pattern of deleterious mutations |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=14 July 2015 |volume=112 |issue=28 |pages=8696–8701 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1504447112 |pmid=26124090 |pmc=4507185 |bibcode=2015PNAS..112.8696K |doi-access=free }}</ref>

And another autosomal DNA study, also in 2015, found out Salvador to be: 50.8% European, 40.5% African and 8.7% Native American.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The correlation between ancestry and color in two cities of Northeast Brazil with contrasting ethnic compositions |vauthors=Magalhães da Silva T, Sandhya Rani MR, Nunes de Oliveira Costa G, Figueiredo MA, Melo PS, Nascimento JF, Molyneaux ND, Barreto ML, Reis MG, Teixeira MG, Blanton RE |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |date=2015 |volume=23 |issue=7 |pages=984–989|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2014.215 |pmid=25293718 |pmc=4463503 }}</ref>

===Population growth===

;Changing demographics of the city of Salvador
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  bar:1920 from:0 till: 283422
  bar:1940 from:0 till: 290443 
  bar:1950 from:0 till: 417235
  bar:1960 from:0 till: 649453
  bar:1970 from:0 till: 1007195
  bar:1980 from:0 till: 1501981
  bar:1991 from:0 till: 2056013
  bar:2000 from:0 till: 2440828
  bar:2010 from:0 till: 2675000

PlotData=

  bar:1872 at: 129109 fontsize:S text: 129.109 shift:(-2,5)
  bar:1890 at: 174402 fontsize:S text: 174.402 shift:(-8,5)
  bar:1900 at: 205813 fontsize:S text: 205.813 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1920 at: 283422 fontsize:S text: 283.422 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1940 at: 290443 fontsize:S text: 290.443 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1950 at: 417235 fontsize:S text: 417.235 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1960 at: 649453 fontsize:S text: 649.453 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1970 at: 1007195 fontsize:S text: 1.007.195 shift:(-20,5)
  bar:1980 at: 1501981 fontsize:S text: 1.501.981 shift:(-20,5)
  bar:1991 at: 2056013 fontsize:S text: 2.056.013 shift:(-20,5)
  bar:2000 at: 2440828 fontsize:S text: 2.440.828 shift:(-20,5)
  bar:2010 at: 2998097 fontsize:S text: 2.675.000 shift:(-30,5)
TextData=
  fontsize:S pos:(20,20)
  text:
</timeline>

Source: Planet Barsa Ltda.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://brasil.planetasaber.com/default.asp |title=Barsa Planeta Ltda |publisher=Brasil.planetasaber.com |access-date=2010-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715091236/http://brasil.planetasaber.com/default.asp |archive-date=15 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Clear|left}}

===Religion===
[[File:IURD Salvador.jpg|thumb|Protestant Church in Iguatemi neighborhood|alt=]] [[File:Casa de Oxumarê-13729.jpg|thumb|A temple of Afro-Brazilian religious expression in Salvador.]]
In Salvador, religion is a major contact point between Portuguese and African influences and, in the last 20 years, Brazil's version of a North American-influenced Pentecostalism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.touristlink.com.br/Brasil/salvador/overview.html |title=Religion Salvador |language=pt |publisher=Touristlink.com.br |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927184354/http://www.touristlink.com.br/Brasil/salvador/overview.html |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Salvador was the seat of the first [[Religion:Diocese|bishopric]] in colonial Brazil (established 1551), and the first bishop, ''Pero Fernandes Sardinha'', arrived already in 1552.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://darwin-online.org.uk/converted/Ancillary/BeagleLibrary/1810_Southey_A854.01.html |title=1st bishop in Brazil |publisher=Darwin-online.org.uk |date=2013-05-14 |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927074805/http://darwin-online.org.uk/converted/Ancillary/BeagleLibrary/1810_Southey_A854.01.html |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Jesuits, led by the Manuel da Nóbrega, also arrived in the 16th century and worked in converting the Indigenous peoples of the region to Roman Catholicism.

Many religious orders came to the city, following its foundation: Franciscans, [[Organization:Benedictines|Benedictines]] and Carmelites. Subsequently, to them are created the Third Orders, the Brotherhoods, and Fraternities, which were composed mainly of professional and social groups. The most prominent of these orders were the Terceira do Carmo Order and the de São Francisco Order, founded by white men, and the Nossa Senhora do Rosário and São Beneditino Brotherhoods, composed of black men.<ref name="latinamerica3000.ru">[http://www.latinamerica3000.ru/en/tourism/destinations/Salvador?mode=gal222222&mode=gal2222&mode=gal22 Salvador – Religion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714144005/http://www.latinamerica3000.ru/en/tourism/destinations/Salvador?mode=gal222222&mode=gal2222&mode=gal22 |date=14 July 2014 }} {{in lang|en}}</ref> In many churches maintained by religious men, were housed the Santíssimo Sacramento brotherhoods.
[[File:Capela de Nossa Senhora da Conceição Solar do Unhão Salvador Bahia 2021-8635.jpg|thumb|Capilla de Nuestra Señora de la Concepción Solar do Unhão Salvador Bahía]]
Besides these organizations, the expansion of Catholicism in the city was consolidated through social care work. Santa Casa the Misericórdia was one of the institution that did this kind of work, maintaining hospitals, shelters for the poor and the elderly, as well providing assistance to convicts and to those who would face death penalties.<ref name="latinamerica3000.ru" /> The convents, on their part, were cultural and religious formation centers, offering seminar coursed that often were attended by the lay.

Even with the present evolution, and the growth of [[Religion:Protestantism|Protestantism]] and other religions in the city, the Catholic faith remains as one of its most distinctive features, drawing a lot of people to its hundreds of churches. Some aspects, like the use of Portuguese in the Masses, the simplification of the liturgy, and the adoption of "pop" religious songs are key factors to the triumph of Catholicism. In the Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos Church, Masses are held in the Yorubá language, making use of African chants and typical clothes, which attract many people from the African Brazilian communities.<ref name="latinamerica3000.ru" />

Most enslaved Africans in Bahia were brought from [[Place:Sub-Saharan Africa|Sub-Saharan Africa]], especially the [[Social:Yoruba language|Yoruba-speaking]] nation (''Iorubá'' or ''Nagô'' in Portuguese) from present-day Benin. The enslaved were forced to convert to Roman Catholicism, but their original religion [[Religion:Yoruba religion|Yorùbá]] was combined with Roman Catholicism to make the syncretic religion known as, Candomblé, which has survived in spite of prohibitions and persecutions. The enslaved Africans managed to preserve their religion by attributing the names and characteristics of their Yorùbá deities to Catholic saints with similar qualities. Still today all Candomble sessions are conducted in Yoruba, not Portuguese.[[File:Casa de Iemanjá-893.jpg|thumb|The religious house that holds the Afro-Brazilian goddess Yemanjá in Salvador.]]These religious entities have been syncretised with some Catholic entities. For instance, Salvador's Feast of Bonfim, celebrated in January, is dedicated to both Our Lord of Bonfim (Jesus Christ) and Oxalá. Another important feast is the Feast de Yemanja every 2 February, on the shores of the borough of Rio Vermelho in

Salvador, on the day the church celebrates Our Lady of the Navigators. 8 December, Immaculate Conception Day for Catholics, is also commonly dedicated to Yemanja' with votive offerings made in the sea throughout the Brazilian coast.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#87CEFA; color:white" | Religion
! style="background:#87CEFA; color:white" | Percentage
! style="background:#87CEFA; color:white" | Number
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Catholic
|51.55%
|1,379,252
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Protestant
|19.59%
|524,286
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Philosophy:Atheism|No religion]]
|17.64%
|471,928
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Unsolved:Spiritism|Spiritist]]
|3.23%
|86,484
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Religion:Umbanda|Umbanda]] and Candomblé
|1.05%
|28,019
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Religion:Judaism|Jewish]]
|0.04%
|1,010
|}
''Source: IBGE 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/protabl.asp?c=2094&z=cd&o=7&i=P |title=Religion in Salvador by IBGE |publisher=IGBE |access-date=2012-10-11 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150323020023/http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/protabl.asp?c=2094&i=P&nome=on&qtu8=137&qtu14=3&notarodape=on&tab=2094&opn8=0&opn14=0&unit=0&pov=3&poc133=2&OpcTipoNivt=1&opn1=2&nivt=0&orc86=3&orp=5&qtu3=27&qtu13=47&opv=1&poc86=1&opc133=1&pop=1&opn2=0&opn15=0&orv=2&orc133=4&qtu2=5&qtu15=3&sev=93&sev=1000093&opc86=1&sec133=95263&sec133=100430&sec133=2803&sec133=95277&sec133=95264&sec133=100403&sec133=100404&sec133=100405&sec133=99741&sec133=100406&sec133=100407&sec133=99743&sec133=100408&sec133=95265&sec133=100409&sec133=99746&sec133=100410&sec133=100411&sec133=99745&sec133=100412&sec133=100413&sec133=100414&sec133=100415&sec133=12881&sec133=12882&sec133=99748&sec133=100416&sec133=100417&sec133=100418&sec133=100419&sec133=95266&sec133=121096&sec133=12891&sec133=100420&sec133=100421&sec133=100422&sec133=100423&sec133=2824&sec133=95267&sec133=2826&sec133=2827&sec133=2829&sec133=2828&sec133=12883&sec133=100424&sec133=100425&sec133=95269&sec133=100427&sec133=100428&sec133=100429&sec133=95270&sec133=100426&sec133=95273&sec133=95274&sec133=95275&sec133=2836&sec133=12884&sec133=12885&sec133=12886&sec133=12887&sec133=12888&sec133=12889&sec133=95276&sec133=12890&sec133=2837&opp=f1&opn3=0&qtu6=5565&opn13=0&sec86=0&ascendente=on&sep=38559&orn=1&qtu7=36&pon=2&qtu9=558&opn6=3&digt6=Fortaleza&OpcCara=44&proc=1&qtu1=1&opn9=0&cabec=on&opn7=0&decm=99 |archive-date=23 March 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''

==Economy==
[[File:Avtancredoneves23012011.JPG|thumb|left|Buildings on Tancredo Neves Avenue]]
[[File:Salvador BA.jpg|thumb|The extreme southern point of the city in the neighborhood of Barra.|alt=]]
[[File:Salvador Brazil skyline.jpg|thumb|right|Skyscrapers in Vitória neighborhood, the most expensive address in the city]]
[[File:Igreja de São Francisco Salvador 2019-6929.jpg|thumb|Convent and Church of São Francisco in {{lang|pt|Pelourinho|italic=no}}]]
Throughout Brazilian history Salvador has played an important role. Because of its location on Brazil's northeastern coast, the city served as an important link in the Portuguese empire throughout the colonial era, maintaining close commercial ties with Portugal and Portuguese colonies in Africa and Asia.<ref>[http://www.brazilaccommodation.org/salvador.html Economy of Salvador] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821072920/http://www.brazilaccommodation.org/salvador.html |date=21 August 2013 }} {{in lang|en}}</ref>

Salvador remained the preeminent city in Brazil until 1763 when it was replaced as the national capital by Rio de Janeiro. In the last ten years many high-rise office and apartment buildings were constructed, sharing the same blocks with colonial-era housing or commercial buildings.<ref>[http://www.worldpeacejournal.com/apps/blog/show/prev?from_id=7196252&sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4de040cf9da5b2dc,0 About Salvador]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404004858/http://www.worldpeacejournal.com/apps/blog/show/prev?from_id=7196252&sms_ss=twitter&at_xt=4de040cf9da5b2dc%2C0 |date=4 April 2012 }}</ref>

[[File:Iguatemi,_Salvador_2.jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view of Iguatemi mall.]]
Salvador is the second most popular tourism destination in Brazil, after Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.topdobrasil.com.br/praias/nordeste/ba/praias-de-salvador.php |title=Praias de Salvador Bahia Praias do Brasil: Brasil, Praias do Rio, do Nordeste e outras praias do Brasil |publisher=Topdobrasil.com.br |access-date=2014-01-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201195143/http://www.topdobrasil.com.br/praias/nordeste/ba/praias-de-salvador.php |archive-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> Tourism and cultural activity are important generators of employment and income, boosting the arts and the preservation of artistic and cultural heritage.

Chief among the points of interest are its famous ''Pelourinho'' (named after the colonial pillories that once stood there) district, its historic churches,<ref>{{cite web |author=Gerador Automático de Meta-Tags |url=http://www.visiteabahia.com.br/visite/salvador/pelourinho/index.php |title=Historic Churches in Pelourinho |publisher=Visiteabahia.com.br |access-date=2010-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920101247/http://www.visiteabahia.com.br/visite/salvador/pelourinho/index.php |archive-date=20 September 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> and its [[Earth:Beach|beach]]es. Salvador's tourism [[Physics:Infrastructure|infrastructure]] is considered one of the most modern in World, especially in terms of lodging. The city offers accommodation to suit all tastes and standards, from youth hostels to international [[Social:Hotel|hotel]]s. Construction is one of the most important activities in the city, and many international (mainly from Spain, Portugal and England)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/bbc/ult272u59941.shtml |title=Folha Online – Growth in construction has attracted many international investors |publisher=.folha.uol.com.br |date=1970-01-01 |access-date=2010-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202213459/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/bbc/ult272u59941.shtml |archive-date=2 February 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> and national developers are investing in the city and in the Bahian [[Earth:Littoral zone|littoral zone]].

JAC Motors will have a plant in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, in the city of Camaçari, the new industry will result 3,500 direct jobs and 10,000 indirect jobs, the production of 100,000 vehicles by year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://g1.globo.com/videos/bahia/v/jac-motors-anuncia-instalacao-da-fabrica-de-automoveis-no-polo-industrial-de-camacari/1699006/ |title=Jac Motors in Bahia |language=pt |publisher=G1.globo.com |date=2011-11-16 |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703011710/http://g1.globo.com/videos/bahia/v/jac-motors-anuncia-instalacao-da-fabrica-de-automoveis-no-polo-industrial-de-camacari/1699006/ |archive-date=3 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In December 2001, Monsanto Company inaugurated, at the Petrochemical Pole of Camaçari, in Metropolitan Region of Salvador, the first plant of the company designed to produce raw materials for the [[Biology:Herbicide|herbicide]] [[Biology:Roundup (herbicide)|Roundup]] in [[Earth:South America|South America]]. The investment is equivalent to US$500&nbsp;million; US$350&nbsp;million were spent in this initial phase. The Camaçari Plant, the largest unit of Monsanto outside of the United States, is also the only Monsanto plant manufacturing raw materials for the Roundup production line. The company started the civil works for the new plant in January 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pautasocial.com.br/pauta.asp?idPauta=37175 |title=Monsanto Company in Salvador |language=pt |publisher=Pautasocial.com.br |date=2011-11-08 |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017131920/http://www.pautasocial.com.br/pauta.asp?idPauta=37175 |archive-date=17 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
|-
! style="background:#87CEFA; color:black" | Economy<ref>{{cite web |author=Do G1, em São Paulo |url=http://economia.terra.com.br/infograficos/pib/ |title=2013 GDPs |language=pt |publisher=Terra.com |access-date=2014-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325010159/http://economia.terra.com.br/infograficos/pib/ |archive-date=25 March 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bahiaja.com.br/economia/noticia/2013/12/17/ibge-salvador-ocupa-22-lugar-no-ranking-per-capita-do-pib2011,67361,0.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016152829/http://www.bahiaja.com.br/economia/noticia/2013/12/17/ibge-salvador-ocupa-22-lugar-no-ranking-per-capita-do-pib2011,67361,0.html#.UzCwKyC5fIU|title=IBGE: SALVADOR ocupa 22º lugar no ranking per capita do PIB/2011|first=Bahia|last=Já|archive-date=16 October 2014|website=Bahia Já}}</ref>
! style="background:#87CEFA; color:black" | GDP (in [[Finance:Brazilian real|reais]])
! style="background:#87CEFA; color:black" | GDP per capita (in [[Finance:Brazilian real|reais]])
|- style="text-align:center;"
|2016
|58 bilhões
|19.505,84
|}

==Government and politics==
[[File:Fórum_Ruy_Barbosa.jpg|thumb|Ruy Barbosa Forum]]
{{See also|List of mayors of Salvador, Bahia}}Salvador's history as the first political capital of Brazil and as the capital of Bahia has meant that the city has historically exerted significant influence of both state and federal politics. Because of its importance as the largest port for imported slaves in Brazil, its early political history was dominated by a conservative slaveholding class. Bahia was a monarchy stronghold during the movement for Brazilian independence and was the last to join the new Empire of Brazil. Despite the abolition of slavery, expansion of the franchise and steady migration of Afro-Brazilians from the Bahian countryside into the city, the city's elected offices have and continue to be dominated by a mostly European-descended upper class in a majority Black city. Afro-Brazilians continue to be underrepresented politically and urban renewal efforts have increasingly displaced them out of the historical city center towards the suburbs.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Keisha-Khan |first1=Y. Perry |title=The roots of black resistance: race, gender and the struggle for urban land rights in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil |journal=Social Identities |date=November 2004 |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=811–831 |doi=10.1080/1350463042000324283 |s2cid=145675989 }}</ref> Examples of the city's political elite include the Magalhães family, which in the last 50 years has held positions for mayor of Salvador (Antônio Carlos and his grandson ACM Neto), governor of Bahia (Antônio Carlos), senator (Antônio Carlos and his son Antônio Júnior) and federal deputy (uncle Luís Eduardo and nephew ACM Neto). The control of the state of Bahia, and by extension Salvador, under political boss Antônio Carlos Magalhães was marked by an authoritarian style of [[Social:Clientelism|clientelism]] known locally as ''carlismo''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Herrmann |first1=Julián Durazo |title=Reflections on Regime Change and Democracy in Bahia, Brazil |journal=Latin American Research Review |date=2014 |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=23–44 |doi=10.1353/lar.2014.0050 |s2cid=144223560 }}</ref>

Since January 2021, the mayor of Salvador has been Bruno Soares Reis of the União Brasil party (DEM). The office of mayor has a 4 year term and works with a deputy mayor, also an elected 4 year position. The current deputy mayor is Ana Paula Matos (PDT). In recent decades, the position has been held by mostly members of center-right parties such as the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) and more recently the Democrats (DEM).

There are 43 councilors in the Salvador City Council, most recently elected in 2020. Geraldo Júnior (MDB) had been the president of the City Council.{{further ill|Salvador City Council|pt|Câmara Municipal de Salvador}}

==Tourism and recreation==
[[File:Praia_Farol_da_Barra_Salvador_2017-12322.jpg|thumb|Porto da Barra Beach in Barra |alt=]]
[[File:Entardecer elevedor lacerda.jpg|thumb|Salvador, capital of Bahia state, is the centre of Afro-Brazilian culture.|alt=]]
[[File:Ciclistas no Parque de Pituaçu.jpg|thumb|Cyclists in Pituaçu Park|alt=]]
The Salvador coastline is one of the longest for cities in Brazil. There are {{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[Earth:Beach|beach]]es distributed between the High City and the Low City, from Inema, in the railroad suburb to the Praia do Flamengo, on the other side of town. While the Low City beaches are bordered by the waters of the All Saints Bay (the country's most extensive bay), the High City beaches, from Farol da Barra to Flamengo, are bordered by the [[Earth:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]]. The exception is Porto da Barra Beach, the only High City beach located in the All Saints Bay.

The capital's beaches range from calm inlets, ideal for swimming, sailing, diving and underwater fishing, as well as open sea inlets with strong waves, sought by surfers. There are also beaches surrounded by [[Earth:Reef|reef]]s, forming natural pools of stone, ideal for children.

Interesting places to visit near Salvador include:
* According to the British newspaper ''{{wipe|The Guardian}}'', in 2007, Porto da Barra Beach was the third best in the world.<ref>{{cite news |author=Gavin McOwan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2007/feb/16/beach.top10?page=2 |title=Top 10 beaches of the world &#124; Travel |work=The Guardian|date=2007-02-16 |access-date=2010-04-17 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927194046/https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2007/feb/16/beach.top10?page=2 |archive-date=27 September 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The large island of Itaparica in the Bay of All Saints can be visited either by a car-ferry, or a smaller foot-passenger ferry, which leaves from near the Mercado Modelo near the Lacerda Elevator.
* BA-099 Highway, or "Line of Coconut" and "Green Line" of towns and cities, with exquisite beaches, north of Salvador heading towards Sergipe state.
* Morro de São Paulo in the Valença region across the Bay of All Saints – an island that can be reached by ferry from Salvador (2 hours), by plane, or by bus to Valença and then by 'Rapido' ('fast') speedboat or smaller ferry. Morro de São Paulo is formed by five villages of the Tinharé [[Earth:Island|Island]].

The city is served by many shopping malls, including Shopping Iguatemi,<ref>Portuguese Wikipedia.</ref> Salvador Shopping,<ref>Portuguese Wikipedia.</ref> Shopping Barra,<ref>Portuguese Wikipedia.</ref> and Shopping Paralela.<ref>Portuguese Wikipedia.</ref>

Salvador has four parks, green areas protected, as Jardim dos Namorados Park, Costa Azul Park, Park of the city, Park of Pituaçu.
[[File:Museu de Arte Moderna da Bahia--Solar do Unhão 2021-0960.jpg|thumb|Museo de Arte Moderno de Bahía - Solar do Unhão]]
Jardim dos Namorados is located right next to Costa Azul Park and occupies an area of 15 hectares in Pituba, where many families used to spend their vacations in the 1950s. It was inaugurated in 1969, initially as a leisure area. It underwent a complete renovation in the 1990s, with the construction of an amphitheater with room for 500 people, sports courts, playgrounds and parking for cars and tourist buses.

Park of the city is an important preservation area of the Atlantic forest. It was completely renovated in 2001, becoming a modern social, cultural and leisure place. The new park has 720 square meter of green area right in the middle of the city. Among the attractions are Praça das Flores (Flowers square), with more than five thousand ornamental plants and flowers.
[[File:Sob os olhos da Igreja - Giácomo Mancini - MAM BA.jpg|thumb|217x217px|Baiana]]
Besides its environment, the park has an [[Physics:Infrastructure|infrastructure]] for children, with a special schedule of events taking place every October.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.drhostel.com/travelguide/salvador-tourist-guide-information/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922094447/http://www.drhostel.com/travelguide/salvador-tourist-guide-information/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-09-22 |title=Salvador Guide Information |publisher=Drhostel.com |date=2008-02-12 |access-date=2014-01-27 }}</ref>

Created by state decree in 1973, Pituaçu Park occupies an area of 450 hectares and is one of the few Brazilian ecological parks located in an [[Engineering:Urban area|urban area]]. It is surrounded by Atlantic forest, with a good variety of [[Biology:Plant|plant]]s and [[Biology:Animal|animal]]s. There is also an artificial pond in the park, built in 1906 along with the Pituaçu Dam, whose purpose was to supply water to the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.360brazil.co.uk/salvador-tourism-and-recreation/ |title=Salvador: tourism and recreation |publisher=360brazil.co.uk |date=2013-02-03 |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330083353/http://www.360brazil.co.uk/salvador-tourism-and-recreation/ |archive-date=30 March 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

There are a number of possible leisure activities, ranging from cycloboats rides on the pond, to a {{convert|38|km|mi|abbr=on}} long cycloway circling the entire reserve. A museum is also located in the park. Espaço Cravo is an outdoor museum with 800 pieces created by Mario Cravo, consisting of totems, winged and three-dimensional figures, as well as drawings and paintings.

<gallery mode="packed" caption="Colonial architecture in Salvador">
Image:Catedral Basílica Salvador 2019-6527.jpg|Cathedral Basilica of Salvador, built between 1657 and 1679.
Image:Igreja Nossa Senhora da Penha Salvador 2018-2.jpg|Church of Nossa Senhora da Penha, Salvador, built between 1723 and 1784.
Image:Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Carmo 2015.jpg|Church and Convent of Nossa Senhora do Carmo, built in 1681.
Image:Igreja da Ordem Terceira de São Francisco Salvador Fachada 2021-0065.jpg|Church da Ordem Terceira de São Francisco (Salvador), built between 1702 and 1705.
Image:Igreja do Santíssimo Sacramento de Sant'Ana Salvador 2019-2155.jpg|Church do Santíssimo Sacramento e Sant'Ana, built between 1696 and 1702.
Image:Igreja de sâo Francisco - ft. Lazaro Menezes (3) (cropped).jpg|Church and Convent of São Francisco, Salvador, built between 1686 and 1752.
Image:Igreja e Hospício da Boa Viagem-10811.jpg|Church and Hospice of Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem, built in 18th century.
Image:Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos Salvador 2018-1153.jpg|Church of Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos, built in the 18th century, with current decoration executed between the 1870s and 1890s.
Image:Farol da Barra-02.jpg|Fort of Santo Antônio da Barra, built between 1696 and 1702.
</gallery>

==Education==
[[File:Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da UFBA 3.jpg|alt=|thumb|Archeology and Ethnology Museum of UFBA]]
[[File:Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Salvador.jpg|alt=|thumb|The old Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia (FMB), the first medical school in the country, located in Pelourinho. In recent times, it serves as a [[Social:Museum|museum]].]]

===Educational institutions===
The city has several [[Organization:University|universities]]:
* Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) (Federal University of Bahia);
* Universidade Católica do Salvador (UCSal) (Catholic University of Salvador);
* Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB) (Bahia State University);
* Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS) (Salvador University);
* Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC) (College of Technology and Science);
* Instituto Federal da Bahia (IFBA) (Federal Institute of Bahia);
* Faculdade Ruy Barbosa (FRB) (Ruy Barbosa College);
* [http://www.senaicimatec.com.br/sobre/ Campus Integrado de Manufatura e Tecnologia] (CIMATEC) (Integrated Campus of Manufacturing and Technology);
* [https://www.castroalves.br/ Faculdade Castro Alves] (FCA) (Castro Alves College);
* [http://www.unijorge.edu.br/ Centro Universitário Jorge Amado] (UNIJORGE) (Jorge Amado University Center);
* Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP) (Bahian School of Medicine and Public Health);

===Primary and secondary schools===
Top high schools of the city according to Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio are:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jestudante.blogspot.com.br/2011/09/ranking-do-enem-salvador-ba.html |title=Top High schools of Salvador |publisher=Jestudante.blogspot.com.br |access-date=2012-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731005531/http://jestudante.blogspot.com.br/2011/09/ranking-do-enem-salvador-ba.html |archive-date=31 July 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* Pan American School of Bahia
* Colégio Marista 
* Colégio São Paulo 
* Colégio Oficina 
* Colégio Anchieta 
* Federal Institute of Bahia (IFBA)
* Colégio Bernoulli
* Cândido Portinari Academy
* Colégio Antônio Vieira 
* Colégio Módulo 
* Military College of Salvador
* Colégio Sartre Escola SEB
* Colégio Integral 
* Colégio Gregor Mendel{{div col end}}

==Public safety==
Salvador is one of the most crime-ridden cities in the country. The number of homicides increased 418% from 2000 to 2010. From 1998 to 2008, the number of homicides of youths between the ages of 15 and 24 increased 435.1%. Gun violence in the state of Bahia more than doubled in the period from 2004 to 2014, and the city is in the top ten for gun violence of the 26 state capitals of Brazil. In 2014 the state of Bahia had the most murders in the country. At the same time, Salvador has one of the lowest rates of suicide in the nation.<ref>Any Brito Leal Ivo, Jardins do Éden: Salvador, uma cidade global-dual, Cad. CRH [online], 2012, vol.25, n.64, p. 138</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribunadabahia.com.br/2015/01/29/quatro-dos-10-municipios-mais-violentos-do-pais-estao-na-bahia |title=Quatro dos 10 municípios mais violentos do país estão na Bahia |access-date=2017-04-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111061221/http://www.tribunadabahia.com.br/2015/01/29/quatro-dos-10-municipios-mais-violentos-do-pais-estao-na-bahia |archive-date=11 November 2016}}</ref><ref>Waiselfisz, Julio Jacobo. "Mapa Da Violência 2014." FLASCO Brasil, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.mapadaviolencia.org.br/pdf2014/Mapa2014_JovensBrasil_Preliminar]{{dead link|date=September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibahia.com/detalhe/noticia/salvador-esta-entre-as-50-cidades-mais-violentas-do-mundo/?cHash=aefcb96c51de3c85f6303de1b8a32290 |title=IBahia - Salvador é a 14ª cidade mais violenta do mundo |access-date=2016-10-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029112228/http://www.ibahia.com/detalhe/noticia/salvador-esta-entre-as-50-cidades-mais-violentas-do-mundo/?cHash=aefcb96c51de3c85f6303de1b8a32290 |archive-date=29 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Por Talita Abrantes |url=http://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/estas-sao-as-capitais-mais-perigosas-do-brasil-sp-em-ultimo |title=Estas são as capitais mais violentas do Brasil; SP em último &#124; EXAME |date=30 September 2015 |publisher=Exame.abril.com.br |access-date=2017-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027192206/http://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/estas-sao-as-capitais-mais-perigosas-do-brasil-sp-em-ultimo/ |archive-date=27 October 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Brasil |url=http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/bahia-lidera-numero-de-assassinatos-no-brasil-indica-pesquisa-divulgada-pelo-ministerio-da-justica-15102015 |title=Bahia lidera número de assassinatos no Brasil, indica pesquisa divulgada pelo Ministério da Justiça – Notícias – R7 Brasil |publisher=Noticias.r7.com |date=2015-10-15 |access-date=2017-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111062223/http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/bahia-lidera-numero-de-assassinatos-no-brasil-indica-pesquisa-divulgada-pelo-ministerio-da-justica-15102015 |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="vio">{{cite book |last1=Waiselfsz |first1=Julio Jacobo |title=Mapa da Violência 2016: Homicídios Por Armas de Fogo no Brasil | publisher = FLACSO Brasil | place = Brasília (DF), Brasil | language = pt|year=2015 }}</ref>

==Culture==
Salvador's historical and cultural aspects were inherited by the intermarriage of such ethnic groups as Native-Indian, African and European. This mixture can be seen in the [[Religion:Religion|religion]], cuisine, cultural manifestations, and custom of Bahia's people. African cultural practices are particularly celebrated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibahia.com/especiais/vozesdobrasil/cidades/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422113544/http://www.ibahia.com/especiais/vozesdobrasil/cidades/|title=Salvador metropolitan area and African Culture|archive-date=22 April 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Forte s diogo vista aerea salvador.jpg|thumb|Forte de São Diogo in Barra neighborhood|alt=]]

===Literature===
[[File:Anchieta Pelourinho Cyark.jpg|thumb|right|Perspective view of the Salvador Bahia Pelourinho's Anchieta Plaza, cut from a Laser Scan preservationist project conducted by nonprofit CyArk.]]
Gregório de Mattos, born in Salvador in 1636, was also educated by the Jesuits. He became the most important Baroque poet in colonial Brazil for his religious and satirical works. Father António Vieira was born in Lisbon in 1608, but was raised and educated in the Jesuit school of Salvador and died in the city in 1697. His erudite [[Religion:Sermon|sermon]]s have earned him the title of best writer of the [[Social:Portuguese language|Portuguese language]] in the Baroque era.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brazil |first=Projecto |url=http://projectobrazil.blogspot.com/2008/07/salvador-de-bahia-information.html |title=Portuguese language in the Baroque era |publisher=Projectobrazil.blogspot.com |date=2008-07-25 |access-date=2010-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020162219/http://projectobrazil.blogspot.com/2008/07/salvador-de-bahia-information.html |archive-date=20 October 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>

After the Independence of Brazil (1822), Salvador continued to play an important role in Brazilian literature. Significant 19th-century writers associated with the city include [[Philosophy:Romanticism|Romantic]] poet Castro Alves (1847–1871) and diplomat Ruy Barbosa (1849–1923). In the 20th century, Bahia-born Jorge Amado (1912–2001), although not born in Salvador, helped popularize the culture of the city around the world in novels such as ''Jubiabá'', ''Dona Flor e Seus Dois Maridos'', and ''Tenda dos Milagres'', the settings of which are in Salvador.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

===Cuisine===
[[File:Acarajes.jpg|thumb|Acarajé is a traditional street food in Salvador.|alt=]]
The local cuisine, spicy and based on seafood (shrimp, fish), strongly relies on typically African ingredients and techniques, and is much appreciated throughout Brazil and internationally. The most typical ingredient is ''azeite-de-dendê'', an oil extracted from a palm tree (''Elaeis guineensis'') brought from [[Place:West Africa|West Africa]] to Brazil during colonial times.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.touristlink.com.br/Brasil/salvador/overview.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927184354/http://www.touristlink.com.br/Brasil/salvador/overview.html|title=Salvador, Brasil Social Travel Network|archive-date=27 September 2013|website=TouristLink}}</ref>

Using the milky [[Biology:Coconut|coconut]] juice, they prepared a variety of seafood based dishes, such as Ensopados, Moquecas and Escabeche. The sugar cane bagasse was mixed with molasses and Rapadura, in the creation of coconut desserts like Cocada Branca and Preta. The remaining of the Portuguese Stew sauce was mixed with manioc flour to make a mush, which is a traditional Indian dish.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.touristlink.com.br/Brasil/salvador/overview.html |title=Cuisine – Salvador |language=pt |publisher=Touristlink.com.br |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927184354/http://www.touristlink.com.br/Brasil/salvador/overview.html |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the markets of Salvador, it is possible to find stands selling typical dishes of the colonial era. In the Sete Portas Market, customers eat Mocotó on Friday nights since the 1940s, when the market was inaugurated. In the [[Finance:Restaurant|restaurant]]s of Mercado Modelo, Sarapatel, stews and several fried dishes are served regularly. In the São Joaquim, Santa Bárbara and São Miguel markets, there are stands selling typical food. They are also sold at stands located on the [[Earth:Beach|beach]]es, specially crab stews and oysters. The restaurants that sell typical dishes are located mostly along the coast and in Pelourinho. They prepare a wide variety of recipes that take palm tree oil.

Traditional dishes include ''caruru'', ''vatapá'', ''acarajé'', ''bobó-de-camarão'', ''moqueca'' baiana, and ''abará''. Some of these dishes, like the acarajé and abará, are also used as offerings in Candomblé rituals. But Salvador is not only typical food. Other recipes created by the slaves were the Haussá Rice (rice and jerked beef cooked together), the Munguzá, used as offering to the Candomblé deity Oxalá (who is the father of all deities, according to the religion) pleased the matrons very much. So did the Bolinhos the Fubá, the Cuscuz (cornmeal) and the Mingau (porridge). According to Arany Santana, the African Ipetê (used in the rituals to the deity Oxum) became the Shrimp bobó, and the Akará (honoring the deities Xangô and Iansã) became the world-famous Acarajé. The city has restaurants specialized on [[Philosophy:World|international]] cuisine also. There are also places that serve dishes from other states of {{wipe|Brazil}}, especially from Minas Gerais and the Northeast region.

===Capoeira===
[[File:Bloco da Capoeira, Circuito Campo Grande 2008.jpg|thumb|right|Capoeira in Salvador]]
Capoeira is a unique mix of dance and martial art of Afro-Brazilian origin, combining agile dance moves with unarmed combat techniques. Capoeira in Portuguese literally means "chicken coop". The capoeira appeared in Quilombo dos Palmares, located in the Captaincy of Pernambuco, and Salvador is considered the home of modern capoeira branches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cultura.gov.br/o-dia-a-dia-da-cultura/-/asset_publisher/waaE236Oves2/content/estado-e-exaltado-em-festa-nacional-161433/10883|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117151214/http://www.cultura.gov.br/o-dia-a-dia-da-cultura/-/asset_publisher/waaE236Oves2/content/estado-e-exaltado-em-festa-nacional-161433/10883|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 November 2018|title=Estado é exaltado em festa nacional|publisher=Ministério da Cultura|language=pt|access-date=21 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelblog.org/South-America/Brazil/Bahia/Salvador/blog-618906.html |title=Caopeira |publisher=Travelblog.org |date=2011-06-09 |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123045611/http://www.travelblog.org/South-America/Brazil/Bahia/Salvador/blog-618906.html |archive-date=23 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the first half of the 20th century, Salvador-born masters Mestre Bimba and Mestre Pastinha founded capoeira schools and helped standardize and popularize the art in Brazil and the world. The practice of Capoeira was banned in 1892, though in 1937 it was made legal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brazilplaces.com/capoeira-brazil.html |title=Capoeira Information |publisher=Brazilplaces.com |access-date=2010-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609144734/http://brazilplaces.com/capoeira-brazil.html |archive-date=9 June 2009 }}</ref> In recent years, Capoeira has become more international and accessible even in Salvador.

===Museums===
[[File:View over Harbour Area from Hotel Arthemis - Salvador - Brazil.jpg|thumb|Old Customs in {{lang|pt|Pelourinho|italic=no}}|alt=]]
[[File:Carnaval_Barra-Ondina_2014_(12846095963).jpg|thumb|Salvador's Street Carnival, one of the largest in the world]]
The artistic, cultural and social heritage of Salvador is preserved in museums. From Museu de Arte da Bahia (MAB), which is the oldest in the State, to Museu Náutico, the newest, the first capital of Brazil displays unique elements of history. Museu de Arte da Bahia has paintings, Chinese porcelain, furniture and sacred images from the 17th and 18th centuries. Museu Costa Pinto has privately owned items such as, pieces of art, crystal objects, and furniture from the 18th and 19th centuries. Museu da Cidade, where many items that help to preserve the heritage of old Salvador are kept. The Museum of Modern Art of Bahia, established in 1960, is located at a historic site on the Bay of All Saints, Solar da União.

Some [[Engineering:Church (building)|church]]es and monasteries also have museums located in their premises. Examples of this are the Carmo da Misericórdia and São Bento museums. After the forts were renovated, Museu Náutico was established in the Forte de Santo Antonio da Barra (Farol da Barra) and the Museum of Communication in Forte São Diogo. Other important museums located in Salvador are: Museu do Cacau, State Museum of Geology, Museu tempostal, Solar do Ferrão, Museu de Arte Antiga e Popular Henriqueta M Catharino, Museu Eugênio Teixeira Leal, Museu Rodin Bahia, and Museu das Portas do Carmo.

{{Clear|left}}

===Public art===
The streets of Salvador are decorated with numerous murals and sculptures, many of which have been produced by the resident artist Bel Borba, a native of the city.<ref>{{cite news|author=Rohter, Larry|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/19/arts/design/bel-borba-brings-contagious-creativity-to-new-york-streets.html?pagewanted=all|title=Brazil's Pied Piper of Street Art|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=18 September 2012|access-date=17 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061620/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/19/arts/design/bel-borba-brings-contagious-creativity-to-new-york-streets.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=21 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{anchor|Carnaval}}

=== Carnival ===
[[File:Ivete Sangalo e o Bloco Coruja, 2013.png|thumb|The bahian singer Ivete Sangalo in Barra – Ondina Circuit, on Oceanic Avenue]]
The Bahian Carnival ({{lang-pt|Carnaval}}) is the largest party on the planet.<ref>{{citation |title=Guinness Book of World Records }}.{{verify-inline|date=January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://carnavalsalvadorbahia.com.br/ |title=Carnaval de Salvador |access-date=20 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325201548/http://carnavalsalvadorbahia.com.br/ |archive-date=25 March 2014 |url-status=live }}. {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Its dimensions are gigantic. For an entire week, almost 4&nbsp;million people celebrate throughout {{convert|25|km|mi|sp=us}} of streets, avenues, and squares. The direct organization of the party involves the participation of over 100,000 people<ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.centraldocarnaval.com.br/primeiro_carnaval.asp |title=Carnaval of Salvador |publisher=Home.centraldocarnaval.com.br |access-date=2010-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430232709/http://home.centraldocarnaval.com.br/primeiro_carnaval.asp |archive-date=30 April 2010}}</ref> and Salvador receives an average of over 800,000 visitors. The affair is heavily policed and covered. Streets are patrolled by lines of police in single file and guarded by seated teams of five or six officers.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Collins |first1=John F. |title=Policing's Productive Folds: Secretism and Authenticity in Brazilian Cultural Heritage |journal=The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology |date=November 2014 |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=473–501 |doi=10.1111/jlca.12106 }}</ref> In 2010, coverage was provided by 4,446 journalists from the local, national, and international press and broadcast to 135 countries through 65 radio stations, 75 [[Finance:Magazine|magazine]]s, 139 video productions, 97 [[Biology:Newspaper|newspaper]]s (including 21 international papers), 14 tv stations, and 168 websites.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?u=www.visiteabahia.com.br%2Fvisite%2Fcarnaval%2Fsuahistoria%2Fultimos.php&langpair=pt |title=Numbers of Carnival – Salvador |access-date=17 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113123837/http://translate.google.com/translate?u=www.visiteabahia.com.br%2Fvisite%2Fcarnaval%2Fsuahistoria%2Fultimos.php&langpair=pt |archive-date=13 November 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The party official begins when Rei Momo ("King Momo", the King of Carnival) is handed the key to the city in the morning of the Thursday before Mardi Gras. In the Campo Grande, streets are lined with grandstands (''{{lang|pt|camarotes}}''). 60-foot-long trucks known as ''{{lang|pt|Trios Eléctricos}}'' carry a kick line of scantily-clad dancers along with the city's best-loved performers, such as Ivete Sangalo, Daniela Mercury, Cláudia Leitte, Chiclete com Banana, and Carlinhos Brown.<ref>{{cite news|last=Brooke |first=James |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE5DB143BF937A25751C0A965958260 |title=In Brazilian Town, It's Faith Versus Festival |work=The New York Times |date=14 February 1993 |access-date=17 April 2010 }}</ref> Much of the music played is axé or samba-reggae. Groups known as ''{{lang|pt|blocos}}'' participate, with the most famous being the ''{{lang|pt|blocos afros}}'' such as Malé Debalé, Olodum, and Filhos de Gandhi.

The parades are organized into separate circuits. The Osmar Circuit, the oldest, goes from Campo Grande to Castro Alves Square. The Downtown Circuit runs through downtown and {{lang|pt|Pelourinho|italic=no}}. The Dodô Circuit goes from Farol da Barra to Ondina along the [[Earth:Coast|coast]]. Since the Osmar Circuit is the oldest, it is where the event's most traditional groups parade. In Dodô, where the artist box seats are located, the party becomes lively toward the end of the afternoon and continues until [[Astronomy:Morning|morning]].

===Music===
[[File:Gabinete_Português_de_Leitura._Foto-_Tatiana_Azeviche-Setur_(34951351706).jpg|thumb|Royal Portuguese Reading Cabinet interior view.|alt=]]
Black Bahia Funk Balls play more American music—including English music—than their counterparts in Rio, while Rio's music is considered inferior and less played.{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}} The local dancehalls which host the balls are also distinct.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pinho |first1=Osmundo de Araújo |title=Etnografias do brau: corpo, masculinidade e raça na reafricanização em Salvador |journal=Revista Estudos Feministas |date=April 2005 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=127–145 |id={{ProQuest|1957430473}} |doi=10.1590/S0104-026X2005000100009 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Matrix Radio, which includes difficult and otherwise impossible to find music of Salvador and Bahia and which consists of music formerly available in Cana Brava Records, formerly located in Salvador's Centro Histórico (Pelourinho), was named by British journal The Guardian as one of "10 of the best music radio stations around the world".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moss |first1=Chris |title=10 of the best music radio stations around the world |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2020/apr/17/10-best-music-radio-station-around-world |work=The Guardian |date=17 April 2020 }}</ref>

===Libraries===
The first books that arrived in Salvador, were brought by the Jesuits, who came with Tomé de Souza.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Metcalf |first1=Alida C. |title=The Entradas of Bahia of the Sixteenth Century |journal=The Americas |date=2005 |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=373–400 |doi=10.1353/tam.2005.0036 |s2cid=144362750 |id={{Project MUSE|177954}} }}</ref> The first libraries or bookstores that appeared were under the control of the religious missionaries and were mostly composed of books on [[Religion:Religion|religion]].

===Handcrafts===
[[File:Mercado_Square_from_Lacerda_Elevator_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|Modelo Public Market.]]
The handcraft legacy of Bahia using only raw materials ([[Biology:Straw|straw]], leather, [[Earth:Clay|clay]], [[Biology:Wood|wood]], [[Biology:Seashell|seashell]]s and beads), the most rudimentary crafts are reasonably inexpensive. Other pieces are created with the use of metals like [[Chemistry:Gold|gold]], [[Chemistry:Silver|silver]], [[Chemistry:Copper|copper]] and [[Chemistry:Brass|brass]]. The most sophisticated ones are ornamented with precious and semi-precious gems. The craftsmen and women generally choose religion as the main theme of their work.

They portray the images of Catholic saints and Candomble deities on their pieces. The good luck charms such as the clenched fist, the four-leaf clover, the garlic and the famous Bonfim ribbons express the city's religious syncretism. Nature is also portrayed on these pieces, reflecting the local wildlife. Music appears in the atabaque drums, the rain sticks, the water drums and the famous berimbau, along with other typical instruments.<ref>[http://www.salvadorhotels.brazilhotels.4k.com/Culture-salvador.php Salvador Information] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128102447/http://www.salvadorhotels.brazilhotels.4k.com/Culture-salvador.php |date=28 January 2012 }} {{in lang|en}}</ref>

Salvador holds an international reputation as a city where musical instruments that produce unique sounds are made. These instruments are frequently used by world-famous artists in their recording sessions. The main handcrafts production in Salvador is located in Mercado Modelo, which is the biggest handcraft center in Latin America.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.portalmercadomodelo.com.br/ |title=Model Market of Salvador |publisher=Portalmercadomodelo.com.br |access-date=2010-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507010909/http://www.portalmercadomodelo.com.br/ |archive-date=7 May 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Pieces can also be purchased at Instituto de Artesanato de Mauá and at Instituto do Patrimônio Artístico e Cultural (IPAC). These are organizations that promote typical [[Art|art]] in [[Place:Bahia|Bahia]].

==Transportation==
===Airport===
[[File:Salvador_aeroporto_vista_aérea.jpg|thumb|right|Deputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães International Airport (SSA)]]
Deputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães International Airport has an area of {{convert|6900|m2|0|abbr=out}} between sand dunes and native vegetation. It is {{convert|28|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of Central Salvador, and the road to the airport has already become one of the city's main scenic attractions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brasil.gov.br/infraestrutura/2014/05/aeroporto-de-salvador-tem-obras-de-modernizacao-concluidas |title=Aeroporto de Salvador|access-date=1 January 2014 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140517060000/http://www.brasil.gov.br/infraestrutura/2014/05/aeroporto-de-salvador-tem-obras-de-modernizacao-concluidas|url-status=dead |archive-date =2014-05-17}}</ref>

[[Biology:Salvador Air Force Base|Salvador Air Force Base - BASV]], a base of the {{wipe|Brazilian Air Force}}, is located in Salvador.

===Port===
[[File:Porto_de_Salvador_e_Bahia_Marina.jpg|alt=|thumb|Port of Salvador]]
With cargo volume that grows every year with the economic growth of the state, the Port of Salvador, located in the Bahia de Todos os Santos, is the port with the most movement of containers of the North/Northeast and the second-leading [[Biology:Fruit|fruit]] exporter in {{wipe|Brazil}}.

===Metro===
[[File:Estação Rodoviária (metrô) - 01.jpg|alt=|thumb|View of Salvador Metro]]
Salvador Metro System has been in operation since 2014. Its first stage was completed between Lapa and Acesso Norte stations and was later expanded to include new metro stations between Acesso Norte and Pirajá. Together, these segments form Line 1 of the system.  In 2018, the system had {{convert|32|km|mi|abbr=on}} and 20 stations and linked with the bus system.

The main shareholders in Metro Salvador are the {{wipe|Spain}} companies Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, Dimetronic, and ICF. It is expected that Metro Salvador will invest US$150&nbsp;million in rolling stock, signaling and telecommunications equipment. The contract covers the first {{convert|11.9|km|mi|abbr=on}} line from Pirajá to Lapa, which was originally due to open in 2003. The project is also financed by a US$150&nbsp;million [[Organization:World Bank|World Bank]] loan and contributions from the federal, Bahia state, and Salvador city [[Social:Government|government]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_9_41/ai_80931933/ |title=Salvador Metro |via=Find Articles |access-date=2010-04-17 |year=2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041119095737/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_9_41/ai_80931933 |archive-date=19 November 2004 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Viaduto Luís Eduardo Magalhães.jpg|thumb|Luís Eduardo Magalhães viaduct.]]
The creation of the system was one of the actions for urban mobility in preparation for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The connection of Line 2 with Line 1 connects Magalhães International Airport to Downtown Salvador and the Fonte Nova Stadium. Line 2 also integrates Rótula do Abacaxi and the neighboring beach city of Lauro de Freitas.<ref>{{cite web |author=nosso time |url=http://www.portal2014.org.br/noticias/8482/METRO+DEVE+CHEGAR+A+SALVADOR+ANTES+DA+COPA.html |title=2014 FIFA World Cup |language=pt |publisher=Portal2014.org.br |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082237/http://www.portal2014.org.br/noticias/8482/METRO+DEVE+CHEGAR+A+SALVADOR+ANTES+DA+COPA.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Monorail====
The two line SkyRail Bahia [[Engineering:Monorail|monorail]] network is due to open in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.railwaygazette.com/salvador-monorail-construction-starts/55938.article|title= Salvador monorail construction starts|website=Railway Gazette|date=4 March 2020|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref>

===Highways===
The BR-101 and BR-116 federal [[Engineering:Highway|highway]]s cross [[Place:Bahia|Bahia]] from north to south, connecting Salvador to the rest of the country. At the Feira de Santana junction, take the BR-324 state highway. The capital of Bahia is served by several coach companies from almost every Brazilian state. BR-242, starting at São Roque do Paraguaçu (transversal direction), is linked to BR-116, bound to the middle–west region. Among the state highways stands BA-099, which makes connection to the north coast and BA-001, which makes connection to the south of [[Place:Bahia|Bahia]]. Buses provide direct service to most major Brazilian cities, including Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and [[Engineering:Brasília|Brasília]], as well as regional destinations. In 2007, the city had 586,951 vehicles, the largest number of the Northern and Northeastern Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sim.salvador.ba.gov.br/indicadores/index.php |title=Salvador City Hall – Number of Vehicles |publisher=Sim.salvador.ba.gov.br |access-date=2010-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409180743/http://www.sim.salvador.ba.gov.br/indicadores/index.php |archive-date=9 April 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Salvador has 2,500 public buses, and 2&nbsp;million people are transported every day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.correio24horas.com.br/noticias/detalhes/detalhes-1/artigo/onibus-com-mais-de-dez-anos-serao-substituidos-ate-31-de-agosto/ |title=Bus in Salvador |date=12 June 2013 |language=pt |publisher=Correio24horas.com.br |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927121630/http://www.correio24horas.com.br/noticias/detalhes/detalhes-1/artigo/onibus-com-mais-de-dez-anos-serao-substituidos-ate-31-de-agosto/ |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Rodoviária_de_Salvador_e_Estação_Rodoviária.jpg|thumb|Salvador Bus Station.]]

The bus station (''rodoviária'') is in Iguatemi, with direct buses to larger cities in the country and to many other destinations in the state. On the second floor are the counters for the different bus companies, and on the first floor is a small supermarket and a 24 h left luggage. Across the street is a large shopping center, Iguatemi, with a food court, connected by a pedestrian crossing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/South_America/Brazil/Estado_da_Bahia/Salvador_da_Bahia-1503499/Transportation-Salvador_da_Bahia-Bus_Rodoviaria-BR-1.html |title=Bus station – Salvador |publisher=Virtualtourist.com |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927213412/http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/South_America/Brazil/Estado_da_Bahia/Salvador_da_Bahia-1503499/Transportation-Salvador_da_Bahia-Bus_Rodoviaria-BR-1.html |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Four paved [[Engineering:Highway|highway]]s connect the city to the national highway system. Running north from the Farol ([[Lighthouse|lighthouse]]) de Itapoã are hundreds of kilometres of beaches. The beaches are accessible by the BA-099 highway or (Line of Coconut and Green Line), a (toll) road, which is kept in excellent condition, running parallel to the [[Earth:Coast|coast]], with access roads leading off to the coast itself. The road runs along [[Earth:Dune|dune]]s of snow-white sand, and the coast itself is an almost unbroken line of coconut palms. The communities along the coast range from fishing villages to [[Earth:Beach|Praia do Forte]].


===Public transportation statistics===
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Salvador, such as to and from work, on a weekday is 94 min, and 33% of public transit riders ride for more than 2 h every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 33 min, and 70% of riders wait for over 20 min on average every day. The average distance that people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 8&nbsp;km, and 18% travel for over 12&nbsp;km in a single trip.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Brazil_Salvador-1882|title=Salvador Public Transportation Statistics|publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit|access-date=19 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901025102/https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Brazil_Salvador-1882|archive-date=1 September 2017|url-status=live}} [[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] The material was copied from this source, which is available by a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</ref>

{{Clear|left}}

==Neighborhoods==
[[File:Praia_da_Barra_001.jpg|alt=|thumb|Barra neighborhood in South Zone]]
Although the creation of Salvador was masterminded by the [[History:Kingdom of Portugal|Kingdom of Portugal]] and its layout overseen by the Portuguese engineer Luís Dias (who was responsible for the city's original design), the continuous growth of the capital through the decades was completely spontaneous. {{Citation needed|date=March 2015}} The walls of the city-fortress could not hold the expansion of the city towards the Carmo and the area where now stands Castro Alves Square. At the time of its foundation, Salvador had only two squares and the first neighborhood ever built here was the Historic City Center. {{lang|pt|Pelourinho|italic=no}} and Carmo came subsequently, created as a consequence of the growing need of space that the religious orders had. With the rapid expansion, the neighborhoods grew and many of them were clustered in the same area, so today there are not accurate records as to their exact number. For urban management purposes, the city is currently divided on 17 political-administrative zones. However, due to their very cultural relevance and to postal conveniences, the importance of the neighborhoods of Salvador remains intact.

[[File:Vista de Salvador da ponta da Barra.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Salvador|alt=]]

Salvador is divided into a number of distinct neighborhoods, which can be categorized by which geographic zone they are located in; West, South or East. The most well known districts, including {{lang|pt|Pelourinho|italic=no}}, Comércio, and Old Downtown, are all located in the West Zone. Barra, with its beaches and starting point to one of the city's Carnival circuits, is located in the South Zone. Vitória, a neighborhood with many high rise buildings, is located in South Zone. Campo Grande, with its Dois de Julho Square and the monument to Bahia's independence, is also located in the South Zone, as is Graça, an important residential area. Ondina, with Salvador's [[Biology:Zoo|Zoobotanical Garden]] and the site where the Barra-Ondina Carnival circuit ends, the neighborhood is home of the Spanish Club, is also a neighborhood in the South Zone.

Itaigara, Pituba, Horto Florestal, Caminho das Árvores, Loteamento Aquárius, Brotas, Stiep, Costa Azul, Armação, Jaguaribe and Stella Maris are the wealthiest communities of the city and are located in the East Zone. Rio Vermelho, a neighborhood with a rich architectural history and numerous restaurants and bars, is located in the South Zone. Itapoã, known throughout Brazil as the home of Vinicius de Moraes and for being the setting of the song "Tarde em Itapoã", is located in the East Zone.

The Northwest area of the city along the Bay of All Saints, also known as ''Cidade Baixa'' ("Lower city"), contains the impoverished neighborhoods of Periperi, Paripe, Lobato, Liberdade, Nova Esperança, and Calçada. The neighborhood of Liberdade has one of the largest proportions of Afro-Brazilians of Salvador and {{wipe|Brazil}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smec.salvador.ba.gov.br/net/piraja/liberdad.htm |title=Liberdade Neighborhood |publisher=Smec.salvador.ba.gov.br |access-date=2010-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413121653/http://www.smec.salvador.ba.gov.br/net/piraja/liberdad.htm |archive-date=13 April 2009}}</ref>

===Pelourinho===
[[File:Largo do Pelourinho - Salvador.JPG|thumb|View of Largo do Pelourinho]]
[[File:Salvador-CCBY-2.jpg|thumb|Old houses in the historical center of Salvador.]]
The Historic Center of Salvador was designated in 1985 a World Heritage Site by [[Organization:UNESCO|UNESCO]].<ref name=unesco/> The city represents a fine example of Portuguese [[Engineering:Urbanism|urbanism]] from the middle of the 16th century with its higher administrative town and its lower commercial town, and a large portion of the city has retained the old character of its streets and colourful houses.

As the first capital of Portuguese America, Salvador cultivated slave labor and had its pillories ("{{lang|pt|pelourinhos}}") installed in open places like the Terreiro de Jesus and the squares know today as Tomé de Sousa and Castro Alves. The pillories were a symbol of [[Philosophy:Authority|authority]] and [[Philosophy:Justice|justice]] for some and of lashings and injustice for the majority.<ref>{{cite web |author=Projecto Brazil |url=http://projectobrazil.blogspot.com/2008/07/salvador-de-bahia-information.html |title=Projecto Brazil |publisher=Projectobrazil.blogspot.com |date=2008-07-25 |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020162219/http://projectobrazil.blogspot.com/2008/07/salvador-de-bahia-information.html |archive-date=20 October 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> The one erected for a short time in what is now the Historical Center, and later moved to what is now the Praça da Piedade (Square of Piety), ended up lending its name to the historical and architectural complex of {{lang|pt|Pelourinho|italic=no}}, part of the city's upper town.

Since 1992, the {{lang|pt|Pelourinho|italic=no}} neighborhood has been subject to a nearly US$100&nbsp;million "[[Engineering:Building restoration|restoration]]" that has led to the rebuilding of hundreds of buildings' façades and the expulsion of the vast majority of the neighborhood's Afro-descendent population. This process has given rise to substantial political debate in the State of [[Place:Bahia|Bahia]], since the Pelourinho's former residents have been for the most part excluded from the renovation's economic benefits (reaped by a few).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Revolt of the Saints: Memory and Redemption in the Twilight of Brazilian Racial Democracy|last=Collins|first=John|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2015|isbn=9780822353065|location=Durham}}</ref> A major restoration effort resulted in making the area a tourist attraction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gosouthamerica.about.com/cs/southamerica/a/BraPelourinho.htm |title=New Pelourinho |publisher=Gosouthamerica.about.com |date=2010-03-05 |access-date=2010-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807072955/http://gosouthamerica.about.com/cs/southamerica/a/BraPelourinho.htm |archive-date=7 August 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Salvador's considerable wealth and status during colonial times (as capital of the colony during 250 years and which gave rise to the Pelourinho) is reflected in the magnificence of its colonial palaces, [[Engineering:Church (building)|churches]] and convents, most of them dating from the 17th and 18th centuries. These include:

* Cathedral of Salvador: Former Jesuit church of the city, built in the second half of the 17th century. Fine example of Mannerist architecture and decoration.
* Convent and Church of São Francisco: Franciscan convent and church dating from the first half of the 18th century is another fine example of the Portuguese [[History:Colonial architecture|colonial architecture]]. The [[History:Baroque|Baroque]] decoration of the church is among the finest in Brazil.
* Church of Nosso Senhor do Bonfim: [[History:Rococo|Rococo]] church with [[History:Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] inner decoration. The image of Nosso Senhor do Bonfim is the most venerated in the city, and the Feast of Our Lord of Good Ending (''Festa de Nosso Senhor do Bonfim'') in January is the most important in the city after Carnival.
* Mercado Modelo (Model Market): In 1861, at the Cayrú Square, the Customs Building was constructed, with a rotunda (large circular room with a domed ceiling) at the back end, where ships anchored to unload their merchandise.
* Lacerda Elevator (''{{lang|pt|Elevador Lacerda}}''): Inaugurated in 1873, this elevator was planned and built by the businessman Antônio Francisco de Lacerda, The four elevator cages connect the {{convert|72|m|ft}} between the Thomé de Souza Square in the upper city, and the Cayru Square in the lower city. In each run, which lasts for 22 seconds, the elevator transports 128 persons, 24 hours a day.

==Sports==
[[File:Estádio Roberto Santos (2009).jpg|thumb|Pituaçu Stadium|alt=|left]]
Salvador provides visitors and residents with various sport activities. The Estádio Fonte Nova, also known as Estádio Octávio Mangabeira is a football stadium inaugurated on 28 January 1951 in Salvador, [[Place:Bahia|Bahia]], with a maximum capacity of 66,080 people. The stadium has now been replaced with a new stadium named Itaipava Arena Fonte Nova with a capacity of 56,000 people. This stadium hosted matches of 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and the subsequent 2014 FIFA World Cup, as well as the football competition in the 2016 Summer Olympics.  The stadium is owned by the Bahia government, and is the home ground of Esporte Clube Bahia. Its formal name honors Octávio Cavalcanti Mangabeira, a civil engineer, journalist, and former Bahia state governor from 1947 to 1954. The stadium is nicknamed Fonte Nova, because it is located at Ladeira das Fontes das Pedras. The stadium was in 2007 closed due to an accident, and the E.C. Bahia home matches now happen in another stadium, in Pituaçu.

Esporte Clube Bahia and Esporte Clube Vitória are Salvador's main football teams. Bahia has won 2 national titles, the Taça Brasil in 1959 and the Brazilian League in 1988, while Vitória was a runner up in the Brazilian league in 1993 and the Copa do Brasil in 2010. Smaller teams include EC Ypiranga with 10 titles of the Campeonato Baiano, Botafogo SC with 7, Galícia EC with 5, and AD Leônico with 2.

[[File:Estádio Manoel Barradas Vitória.jpg|thumb|Manoel Barradas Stadium|alt=]]
During the last decades, volleyball has grown steadily in Salvador, especially after the gold medal won by Brazil in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} The most important tournaments in [[Place:Bahia|Bahia]] are the State Championship, the State League tournament and the Primavera Games, and the main teams are Associação Atlética da Bahia, Bahiano de Tênis, and Clube the Regatas Itapagipe. There are also beach volleyball events. Salvador has housed many international tournaments. Federação Bahina de Voleibol (the state league) can inform the schedule of tournaments. [[Engineering:Bowling|Bowling]] is practiced both by teenagers and [[Biology:Adult|adult]]s in Salvador. Boliche do Aeroclube and Space Bowling are equipped with automatic lanes as well as a complete bar [[Physics:Infrastructure|infrastructure]].
[[File:Arena_Fonte_Nova_External_View.jpg|thumb|Fonte Nova Arena|alt=|left]]
[[Place:Bahia|Bahia]]'s basketball league exists since 1993 and has 57 teams. The sport is very popular in the city of Salvador, especially among students.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asbacsalvador.com.br/basquete.htm |title=Basketball in Salvador |publisher=Asbacsalvador.com.br |access-date=2010-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925195558/http://www.asbacsalvador.com.br/basquete.htm |archive-date=25 September 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> There are several courts scattered across the city, where is possible to play for free, like the one located at Bahia Sol square, where people play.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digidata.com.br/fbbm/clip.php?consulta=sim&atual=Clipping&codcli=587 |title=Brazilian Federation of Basketball |publisher=Digidata.com.br |access-date=2010-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706152118/http://www.digidata.com.br/fbbm/clip.php?consulta=sim&atual=Clipping&codcli=587 |archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> There are also several gymnasiums, in clubs like Bahiano de Tênis and Associação Atlética and the Antonio Balbino Gymnasiums (popularly known as "Balbininho"), which is an arena that can hold up to 7,000 people.

Todos os Santos Bay and Salvador's climatic conditions are ideal for competition and recreational sailing. The city is equipped with good [[Physics:Infrastructure|infrastructure]] for practice of sailing, such as rental and sale of dock space, boat maintenance, [[Finance:Restaurant|restaurant]]s, snack bar, convenience stores, nautical products stores, boat rental agencies, VHF and SSB communication systems, events, and total assistance to crews.<ref name="accommodationbrazil.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.accommodationbrazil.org/salvador.html|title=Salvador – 2014 soccer World Cup Host City|language=en|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006163918/http://www.accommodationbrazil.org/salvador.html|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> The large number of sailing events organized by clubs and [[Social:Syndicate|syndicate]]s, like oceanic races and typical boats (wooden fishing boats and canoes) races, demonstrates the sport's growing force. Currently, Salvador has a national racing schedule with dozens of events, also receiving the [[Engineering:Mini Transat 6.50|Mini Transat 6.50]] and Les Illes du Soleil races.<ref name="accommodationbrazil.org"/>

Rowing boat races started in the city more than a hundred years ago.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.campos.rj.gov.br/noticia.php?id=15339 |title=Rowing boat in Salvador |publisher=Campos.rj.gov.br |access-date=2010-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111202838/http://www.campos.rj.gov.br/noticia.php?id=15339 |archive-date=11 January 2009 }}</ref> It was originally practiced by young men from traditional families, who spent their summer vacations there. The sport is a leisure option in Cidade Baixa (the lower part of the city). Esporte Clube Vitória and Clube São Salvador were the pioneers in the sport. Nowadays, these two entities and also Clube de Regatas Itapagipe lead the competitions that take place in the city. With the recent renovation of the Dique do Tororó area, Salvador received new lanes for the practice of the sport.

==Notable people==
[[File:Popó.png|thumb|Popó, former professional boxer, World Champion in two weight classes.]]
[[File:Cannes 2015 22.jpg|thumb|Supermodel Adriana Lima, Victoria's Secret Angel since 2000]]
[[File:CSKA-Bavaria (6).jpg|thumb|Footballer Dante in the  UEFA Champions League with Bayern Munich in 2014]]
* Acelino Freitas, boxer, 4-times World Champion.
* Robson Conceição 2016 Olympic gold medalist boxer.
* Hebert Conceição 2021 Olympic gold medalist boxer.
* Beatriz Ferreira, boxer, World Champion and Olympic runner-up.
* Lyoto Machida, mixed martial artist.
* Tony Kanaan, race car driver.
* Breno Correia, swimmer, World Champion and former World Record Holder.
* Edvaldo Valério, swimmer, Olympic medallist.
* Allan do Carmo, swimmer specialized in open water marathon.
* Ana Marcela Cunha, swimmer specialized in open water marathon.
* Ricardo Santos, beach volleyball player, Olympic champion.
* Israel, basketball player, Pan American champion and World Championship medallist.
* Patricia Medrado, tennis player, former top-10 in doubles and top-50 in singles.
* Bebeto, football forward, 1994 World Cup champion.
* Dante, professional soccer player.
* Walace, football player.
* Oséas, football player.
* Keno, football player.
* Marcelo Oliveira, football player.
* Edcarlos, football player.
* Ruy Barbosa de Oliveira, writer, jurist and politician.
* Guilherme Caribé, swimmer, Pan American Games champion.
* Carlinhos Brown, singer.
* Dorival Caymmi, singer.
* Gal Costa, singer.
* Duda, footballer (Edmilton Conceição dos Santos).
* Irmã Dulce, Catholic nun.
* Priscila Fantin, actress
* Adriana Ferreyr, actress.
* Adélia Josefina de Castro Fonseca, writer
*Óscar Freire, physician and professor.
* Marcelo Oliveira, football player.
* Dias Gomes, playwright.
* Adriana Lima, supermodel.
* Manuel dos Reis Machado (Bimba), capoeira master.
* Antônio Carlos Magalhães, politician.
* Gregório de Mattos, poet.
* Daniela Mercury, musician.
* Edilson, football player.
* Daniel Oliveira, rally driver.
* Pitty, musician.
* Robenílson de Jesus, boxer.
* Rogério da Silva Rego, lawyer, public servant and politician.
* Lateef Crowder Dos Santos, Capoeira practitioner
* Raul Seixas, musician.
* Victor Colonese, swimmer specialized in open water marathon, Pan American Games medalist.
* Hugo Viana (fighter) mixed martial artist in UFC 
* Martha Vasconcellos, Miss Bahia 1968, Miss Brazil 1968 and Miss Universe 1968.

==International relations==
Salvador's twin towns and sister cities are:<ref name="sister">{{cite web|url=http://www.secri.salvador.ba.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=40&Itemid=47 |title=Mayor's International Council Sister Cities Program |publisher=Salvador, Bahia |access-date=2008-08-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715191940/http://www.secri.salvador.ba.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=40&Itemid=47 |archive-date=15 July 2009 }}</ref>

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|! !| 1985<ref name="sister"/><ref name="Lisbon twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100|title=Lisboa – Geminações de Cidades e Vilas|access-date=2013-08-23|work=Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses [National Association of Portuguese Municipalities]|language=pt|trans-title=[Lisbon – Twinning of Cities and Towns]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201175323/http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100|archive-date=1 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Lisbon twinnings 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |title=Acordos de Geminação, de Cooperação e/ou Amizade da Cidade de Lisboa |access-date=2013-08-23 |work=Camara Municipal de Lisboa |language=pt |trans-title=[Lisbon – Twinning Agreements, Cooperation and Friendship] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202617/http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |archive-date=31 October 2013 }}</ref>
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagicon|POR}} Portugal
|! !| [[File:AGH.png|25px]] Angra do Heroísmo 
|! !| [[File:Flag of the Azores.svg|25px]] Azores
|! !| 1985<ref name="sister"/>
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
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|! !| [[File:CSC.png|25px]] Cascais
|! !| [[File:Flag of Portugal.svg|25px]] Lisbon Region
|! !| 1985<ref name="sister"/>
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|! !| {{flagicon|BEN}} Benin
|! !| [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|25px]] Cotonou
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|! !| {{flagicon|CUB}} Cuba
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|! !| [[File:Escudo de Miami.svg|25px]] Miami
|! !| [[File:Flag of Florida.svg|25px]] Florida
|! !| 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miamihotels.usahotels.4k.com/Sister-cities-miami.phpp|title=Miami and Salvador are Sister Cities|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426052205/http://www.miamihotels.usahotels.4k.com/Sister-cities-miami.phpp|archive-date=26 April 2012}}</ref>
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagicon|China}} {{wipe|China}}
|! !| {{flagicon|China}} [[Place:Chongqing|Chongqing]]
|! !| {{flagicon|China}} Government of China
|! !| 2011
|}

== See also ==
* Anglican Chapel of Salvador
* São Marcelo Fort

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=n}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{citation |last=Bargellini |first=Piero |author2-last=Guarnieri |author2-first=Ennio  |ref={{harvid|Bargellini & al.|1977}} |title=Le Strade di Firenze, ''Vol. II'' |location=Florence |publisher=Bonechi |date=1977 }}. {{in lang|it}}
* {{citation |last=Coelho Filho |first=Luiz Walter |title=The Fortress of Salvador in Colonial Brazil |publisher=translated from the Portuguese by Catherine V. Howard for KBR |location=Petropolis |year=2015 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AV9NCwAAQBAJ |isbn=978-85-8180-325-8 }}.

* Collins, John F. ''Revolt of the Saints: Memory and Redemption in the Twilight of Brazilian Racial Democracy''. Durham: Duke University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-8223-5320-1}}.

* {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Bahia (2.) |volume=3  |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}} |pages=239–240 }}

* Romo, Anadelia A. ''Selling Black Brazil: Race, Nation, and Visual Culture in Salvador, Bahia'' (University of Texas Press, 2022) [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=58184 online  review]

* {{citation |last=Schwartz |first=Stuart B. |title=Sugar Plantations in the Formation of Brazilian Society: Bahia, 1550–1835 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InAVH-gPgdkC |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-31399-6 |location=Cambridge |year=1985 }}.

<ref>{{cite web |title=Site Vagas em Salvador |url=https://vagasemsalvador.com |website=Emprego em Salvador}}</ref>
== External links ==
* {{citation |url=http://archive.cyark.org/salvador-da-bahia-intro |title=Pelourinho of Salvador, Bahia, Digital Media Archive |access-date=10 October 2011 |archive-date=18 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118074409/http://archive.cyark.org/salvador-da-bahia-intro |url-status=dead }}, creative commons-licensed images and data from a [[Organization:Federal University of Bahia|Federal University of Bahia]]/[[Organization:University of Ferrara|University of Ferrara]]/[[Company:Leica Geosystems|Leica Geosystems]]/[[Organization:CyArk|CyArk]] research partnership
* [https://artsandculture.google.com/story/historic-centre-of-salvador-de-bahia/zAJiywVNu8BXLg Explore the Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia in the UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture]
* {{citation |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/219 |title=The City of Salvador |year=1671 }}, a map by Arnoldus Montanus {{in lang|en|la}}

{{Navboxes
|title = [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]{{nbsp}}Geographic locale
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'''[[Earth:Geographic coordinate system|Lat. <small>and</small> Long.]] {{Coord|12|58|29.03|S|38|28|36.60|W|display=inline}}'''
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Salvador, Bahia}}
[[Category:Former colonial capitals]]

{{Sourceattribution|Salvador, Bahia}}