View source for Social:Dynasty

A '''dynasty''' is a sequence of rulers from the same family,<ref name=OED>''Oxford English Dictionary'', {{nowrap|1st ed.}} "dynasty, ''n''." [[Organization:Oxford University Press|Oxford University Press]] (Oxford), 1897.</ref> usually in the context of a [[Social:Monarchy|monarchical]] system, but sometimes also appearing in [[Social:Republic|republic]]s. A dynasty may also be referred to as a "'''house'''", "'''family'''" or "'''clan'''", among others.

Historians [[History:Periodization|periodize]] the histories of many states and [[Social:Civilization|civilization]]s, such as Ancient Iran (3200 – 539 BC), Ancient Egypt (3100 – 30 BC), and Ancient and Imperial China (2070 BC – AD 1912), using a framework of successive dynasties. As such, the term "dynasty" may be used to delimit the era during which a family reigned.

Before the 18th century, most dynasties throughout the world have traditionally been reckoned patrilineally, such as those that follow the [[History:Franks|Frankish]] Salic law. In polities where it was permitted, succession through a daughter usually established a new dynasty in her husband's family name. This has changed in all of Europe's remaining monarchies, where [[Social:Order of succession|succession law]] and conventions have maintained dynastic names ''de jure'' through a female.

Dynastic politics has declined over time, owing to a decline in monarchy as a form of government, a rise in democracy, and a reduction within democracies of elected members from dynastic families.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Van Coppennolle |first1=Brenda |last2=Smith |first2=Daniel |date=2023 |title=Dynasties in Historical Political Economy |url=https://www.dropbox.com/s/lqsgoid620klgmi/vanCoppenolle-Smith-DynastiesHPE-final_draft.pdf?dl=0 |journal=The Oxford Handbook of Historical Political Economy |access-date=21 August 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145645/https://www.dropbox.com/s/lqsgoid620klgmi/vanCoppenolle-Smith-DynastiesHPE-final_draft.pdf?dl=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Terminology==
The word "dynasty" (from the {{lang-el|δυναστεία}}, ''dynasteía'' "power", "lordship", from ''dynástes'' "ruler")<ref>{{OEtymD|dynasty}}</ref> is sometimes used informally for people who are not rulers but are, for example, members of a family with influence and power in other areas, such as a series of successive owners of a major company. It is also extended to unrelated people, such as major poets of the same school or various rosters of a single sports team.<ref name="OED" />

The dynastic family or lineage may be known as a "noble house",<ref name="OED2">''Oxford English Dictionary'', {{nowrap|3rd ed.}} "house, ''n.¹'' and ''int'', {{nowrap|10. b.}}" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2011.</ref> which may be styled as "[[Philosophy:Emperor|imperial]]", "[[Company:King|royal]]", "[[Social:Prince|prince]]ly", "ducal", "comital" or "baronial", depending upon the chief or present title borne by its members.

===Dynasty===
A ruler from a dynasty is sometimes referred to as a "dynast", but this term is also used to describe any member of a reigning family who retains a [[Social:Order of succession|right to succeed]] to a throne. For example, King Edward VIII ceased to be a dynast of the House of Windsor following his abdication.

In historical and monarchist references to formerly reigning families, a "dynast" is a family member who would have had succession rights, were the monarchy's rules still in force. For example, after the 1914 assassinations of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his [[Social:Morganatic marriage|morganatic]] wife, their son Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg, was bypassed for the Austro-Hungarian throne because he was not a Habsburg dynast. Even after the abolition of the Austrian monarchy, Duke Maximilian and his descendants have not been considered the rightful pretenders by Austrian monarchists, nor have they claimed that position.

The term "dynast" is sometimes used only to refer to agnatic descendants of a realm's monarchs, and sometimes to include those who hold succession rights through [[Social:Matrilineality|cognatic]] royal descent. The term can therefore describe overlapping but distinct sets of people. For example, David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, a nephew of Queen Elizabeth II, is in the line of succession to the British crown, making him a British dynast. On the other hand, since he is not a patrilineal member of the British royal family, he is therefore not a dynast of the House of Windsor.

Comparatively, the German aristocrat Prince Ernst August of Hanover, a male-line descendant of King George III, possesses no legal British name, titles or styles (although he is entitled to reclaim the former royal dukedom of Cumberland). He was born in the line of succession to the British throne and was bound by Britain's [[Social:Royal Marriages Act 1772|Royal Marriages Act 1772]] until it was repealed when the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 took effect on 26 March 2015.<ref name=inforce>[http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2015-03-26/HCWS490/ Statement by Nick Clegg MP, UK parliament website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705020637/http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2015-03-26/HCWS490/ |date=5 July 2016 }}, 26 March 2015 (retrieved on same date).</ref> Thus, he requested and obtained formal permission from Queen Elizabeth II to marry the Roman Catholic Princess Caroline of Monaco in 1999. Yet, a clause of the English Act of Settlement 1701 remained in effect at that time, stipulating that dynasts who marry Roman Catholics are considered "dead" for the purpose of succession to the British throne.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news | url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4426171.stm | title=Monaco royal taken seriously ill | work=BBC News | date=8 April 2005 | access-date=27 January 2013 | location=London | archive-date=12 March 2010 | archive-url=http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20100312144516/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4426171.stm | url-status=dead }}</ref> That exclusion, too, ceased to apply on 26 March 2015, with retroactive effect for those who had been dynasts before triggering it by marriage to a Roman Catholic.<ref name=inforce/>

===Dynastic marriage===
A "dynastic marriage" is one that complies with monarchical house law restrictions, so that the descendants are eligible to inherit the throne or other royal privileges.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dynastic Marriage |url=http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/european-networks/dynastic-networks/heinz-duchhardt-the-dynastic-marriage |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=ieg-ego.eu |language=de |archive-date=28 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228212538/http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/european-networks/dynastic-networks/heinz-duchhardt-the-dynastic-marriage |url-status=live }}</ref> For example, the marriage of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands to Máxima Zorreguieta in 2002 was dynastic, making their eldest child, Princess Catharina-Amalia, the heir apparent to the Crown of the Netherlands. The marriage of his younger brother, Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, in 2003 lacked government support and parliamentary approval. Thus, Prince Friso forfeited his place in the order of succession to the Dutch throne, and consequently lost his title as a "Prince of the Netherlands", and left his children without dynastic rights.
==History==
Historians [[History:Periodization|periodize]] the histories of many states and [[Social:Civilization|civilization]]s, such as Ancient Iran (3200 – 539 BC), Ancient Egypt (3100 – 30 BC) and Ancient and Imperial China (2070 BC – AD 1912), using a framework of successive dynasties. As such, the term "dynasty" may be used to delimit the era during which a family reigned, and also to describe events, trends and artifacts of that period (e.g., "a Ming dynasty vase"). Until the 19th century, it was taken for granted that a legitimate function of a monarch was to aggrandize his dynasty: that is, to expand the wealth and power of his family members.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Thomson |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/europesincenapol00thom |title=Europe Since Napoleon |publisher=Knopf |year=1961 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/europesincenapol00thom/page/79 79–80] |chapter=The Institutions of Monarchy |quote=The basic idea of monarchy was the idea that hereditary right gave the best title to political power...The dangers of disputed succession were best avoided by hereditary succession: ruling families had a natural interest in passing on to their descendants enhanced power and prestige...Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, Maria Theresa of Austria, were alike infatuated with the idea of strengthening their power, centralizing government in their own hands as against local and feudal privileges, and so acquiring more absolute authority in the state. Moreover, the very dynastic rivalries and conflicts between these eighteenth-century monarchs drove them to look for ever more efficient methods of government |url-access=registration}}</ref>

Before the 18th century, most dynasties throughout the world have traditionally been reckoned patrilineally, such as those that follow the [[History:Franks|Frankish]] Salic law. In polities where it was permitted, succession through a daughter usually established a new dynasty in her husband's family name. This has changed in all of Europe's remaining monarchies, where [[Social:Order of succession|succession law]] and conventions have maintained dynastic names ''de jure'' through a female. For instance, the House of Windsor is maintained through the children of Queen Elizabeth II, as it did with the monarchy of the Netherlands, whose dynasty remained the House of Orange-Nassau through three successive [[Social:Queen regnant|queens regnant]]. The earliest such example among major European monarchies was in the [[Place:Russian Empire|Russian Empire]] in the 18th century, where the name of the House of Romanov was maintained through Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna. This also happened in the case of Queen Maria II of Portugal, who married Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry, but whose descendants remained members of the House of Braganza, per Portuguese law; in fact, since the 1800s, the only female monarch in Europe who had children belonging to a different house was Queen Victoria and that was due to disagreements over how to choose a non German house. In Limpopo Province of South Africa, Balobedu determined descent matrilineally, while rulers have at other times adopted the name of their mother's dynasty when coming into her inheritance. Less frequently, a monarchy has alternated or been rotated, in a multi-dynastic (or polydynastic) system—that is, the most senior living members of parallel dynasties, at any point in time, constitute the line of succession.

==Longevity==
Dynasties<!-- (including the rule of cadet branches?) --> lasting at least 250 years include the following. Legendary lineages that cannot be historically confirmed are not included.

{|class=wikitable
|-
!Era 
!Dynasty !!Length of rule
|-
|660 BCE &ndash; present{{Efn|name=trad|Traditional date (see National Foundation Day). It is impossible to determine the exact date of the Yamato dynasty's foundation, as written language in Japan did not appear until the 6th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smits |first=Gregory J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P1OZUmnLTdoC&pg=PA30 |title=Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712) |date=1991 |publisher=Wilfrid Laurier University Press |isbn=9780889209978 |pages=30–32 |access-date=7 April 2023 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307102812/https://books.google.com/books?id=P1OZUmnLTdoC&pg=PA30 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Vogel |first=Ezra F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BuedDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |title=China and Japan: Facing History |date=2019 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674240766 |pages=15–17 |access-date=7 April 2023 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307102707/https://books.google.com/books?id=BuedDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first Japanese emperor to be considered "historical" is Emperor Kinmei (r. 539–571),<ref>{{cite book |last=Hoye |first=Timothy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axRyAAAAMAAJ&q=%22date%20from%20the%20early%20sixth%20century%20with%20Kinmei.%22 |title=Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds |date=1999 |isbn=9780132712897 |page=78 |publisher=Prentice Hall |access-date=7 April 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407000118/https://books.google.com/books?id=axRyAAAAMAAJ&q=%22date%20from%20the%20early%20sixth%20century%20with%20Kinmei.%22 |url-status=live }}</ref> meaning that the Yamato line is at least {{Age |December 539}} years old.}}
|Yamato||{{Age nts|-659|2|11}} years{{Efn|name=trad}}
|-
|200 BCE &ndash; 1618 CE<ref name="Harman">{{cite book |last=Harman |first=William. P |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_siW9T3ev4C&pg=PA36 |title=The sacred marriage of a Hindu goddess |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-208-0810-2 |pages=30–6}}</ref><ref name="சநா ஐயர்4">{{cite book |author=Sathayanatha Iyer |title=History of the Nayaks of Madura |year=1924 |pages=58}}</ref>
|[[History:Pandya dynasty|Pandya]] 
|2,018 years {{estimation|lk=no}}
|-
|{{c.|200 BCE|lk=no}} &ndash; 1279 CE
|[[History:Chola dynasty|Chola]]
|1,579 years {{estimation|lk=no}}
|-
|{{c.|5th century|lk=no}} &ndash; 1971 CE
|Guhila - Sisodia||1,371 years {{estimation|lk=no}}
|-
|950s CE &ndash; present <br>(title Tuʻi Tonga to 1865 CE)
|Tonga||{{Age nts|954|1|1}} years {{estimation|lk=no}}

|-
|{{c.|780|lk=no}} &ndash; 1812 CE
|Bagrationi||1,032 years {{estimation|lk=no}}
|-
|{{circa|900}} &ndash; 1930 CE
|Borjigid
|1,030 years {{estimation|lk=no}}
|-
|{{c.|1700|lk=no}} &ndash; 722 BCE
|Adaside
|978 years {{estimation|lk=no}}
|-
|{{circa|891|lk=no}} &ndash; 1846 CE
|Sayfawa
|955 years {{estimation|lk=no}}
|-
|665 &ndash; 1598 CE
|Baduspanids||933 years
|-
|57 BCE &ndash; 935 CE
|Silla||878 years {{estimation|lk=no}}
|-
|1128 &ndash; 1971
|Kachhwaha
|843 years
|-
|987 &ndash; 1792, 1814 &ndash; 1848 CE
|Capetian||839 years
|-
|1046&ndash; 256 BCE
|Zhou||790 years
|-
|862 &ndash; 1598 CE
|Rurikid ||736 years
|-
|1243 &ndash; 1971
|Rathore
|728 years
|-
|37 BCE &ndash; 668 CE
|Goguryeo||705 years
|-
|1270 &ndash; 1975 CE
|Solomon||705 years
|-
|651 &ndash; 1349 CE
|Bavand dynasty||698 years
|-
|18 BCE &ndash; 660 CE
|Baekje||678 years
|-
|1360s &ndash; present
|Bolkiah
|{{a.y|1368|||round=0}} or {{a.y|1363|||round=0}}
|-
|1299 &ndash; 1922 CE
|Ottoman||{{c.|623|lk=no}} years
|-
|543 BCE &ndash; 66 CE
|Vijaya||608 years
|-
|1228 &ndash; 1826 CE
|Ahom||598 years
|-
|1600 – 1046 BCE or 1766–1122 BCE
|Shang
|554 years or 644 years
|-
|1392 &ndash; 1910 CE
|Joseon and Korean Empire||518 years
|-
|750 &ndash; 1258 CE
|Abbasid||508 years
|-
|1370 &ndash; 1857 CE
|Timurid||487 years
|-
|918 &ndash; 1392 CE
|[[History:Goryeo|Goryeo]]||474 years
|-
|247 BCE &ndash; 224 CE
|[[History:Parthian Empire|Arsacid]]||471 years
|-
|1154 &ndash; 1624 CE
|Nabhani||470 years
|-
|202 BCE &ndash; 9 CE, 25 &ndash; 220 CE
|Han and Shu Han||448 years
|-
|858 &ndash; 1301 CE
|Árpád
|443 years
|-
|1586 &ndash; present
|Mataram{{Efn|Territory split into the [[History:Surakarta Sunanate|Surakarta Sunanate]] and Yogyakarta Sultanate in 1755 by the Treaty of Giyanti}}
|{{a.y|1586|9|3|round=0}}
|-
|224 &ndash; 651 CE
|Sassanian||427 years
|-
|1010 &ndash; 586 BCE
|[[Religion:Davidic line|Davidic]]||424 years
|-
|220 &ndash; 638 CE
|Jafnid||418 years
|-
|960 &ndash; 1370 CE
|Piast
|410 years
|-
|730 &ndash; 330 BCE
|Achaemenid||400 years
|-
|1220 &ndash; 1597 CE
|Siri Sanga Bo||377 years
|-
| 661 &ndash; 750, 756 &ndash; 1031 CE
|Umayyad||364 years
|-
|1271 &ndash; 1635 CE
|Yuan and Northern Yuan||364 years
|-
|1428 &ndash; 1527, 1533 &ndash; 1789 CE
|Later Lê (Primitive and Revival Lê)||355 years
|-
|1047 &ndash; 1375, 1387 &ndash; 1412 CE
|[[Social:House of Estridsen|Estridsen]]||353 years
|-
|1440 &ndash; 1740, 1765 &ndash; 1806 CE
|Habsburg||341 years
|-
|1371 &ndash; 1651, 1660 &ndash; 1714 CE
|Stuart||334 years
|-
|1154 &ndash; 1485 CE
|Plantagenet||330 years
|-
|905 &ndash; 1234 CE
|Jiménez||329 years
|-
|1699 &ndash; present
|Bendahara||{{a.y|1699|9|3|round=0}}
|-
|960 &ndash;1279 CE
|Song||319 years
|-
|1613 &ndash; 1917 CE
|Romanov||304 years
|-
|300 &ndash; 602 CE
|Lakhmid||302 years
|-
|916 &ndash; 1218 CE
|Liao and Western Liao||302 years
|-
|1616 &ndash; 1912 CE
|Later Jin and Qing||296 years
|-
|1368 &ndash; 1662 CE
|Ming and Southern Ming||294 years
|-
|305 &ndash; 30 BCE
|Ptolemaic||275 years
|-
|618 &ndash; 690, 705 &ndash; 907 CE
|Tang||274 years
|-
|909 &ndash; 1171 CE
|Fatimid||262 years
|-
|1230 &ndash; 1492 CE
|Nasrid||262 years
|-
|1550 &ndash; 1292 BCE
|Thutmosid||258 years
|-
|1034 &ndash; 1286 CE
|Dunkeld||252 years
|}

==Extant sovereign dynasties==
{{For|non-sovereign dynasties currently ruling subnational monarchies|Non-sovereign monarchy|List of current constituent monarchs}}

There are [[Social:List of current monarchies|43 sovereign states]] with a [[Social:Monarch|monarch]] as [[Social:Head of state|head of state]], of which 41 are ruled by dynasties.{{efn|name="Non-dynastic"|Existing sovereign entities ruled by non-dynastic monarchs include:
* {{flag|Andorra|name=Principality of Andorra}}
* [[Organization:Holy See|Holy See]] (ruling the {{flag|Vatican City|name=Vatican City State}})
* {{flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta|name=Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta}}}} There are currently 26 sovereign dynasties.

{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:200px;"|Dynasty
! style="width:300px;"|Realm
! style="width:200px;"|Reigning monarch
! style="width:200px;"|Dynastic founder{{efn|name="Founder"|The founder of a dynasty need not necessarily equate to the first monarch of a particular realm. For example, while William I was the dynastic founder of the House of Orange-Nassau which currently rules over the Kingdom of the Netherlands, he was never a monarch of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.}}
! style="width:150px;"|Dynastic place of origin{{efn|name="Origin"|Not to be confused with dynastic seat.}}
|-
|rowspan=15|House of Windsor{{efn|name="Windsor"|The House of Windsor is descended from the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which is a branch of the House of Wettin. The dynastic name was changed from "Saxe-Coburg and Gotha" to "Windsor" in AD 1917.}}{{efn|name="Commonwealth"|A sovereign state with Charles III as its monarch and head of state is known as a Commonwealth realm.}}
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|rowspan=15|King Charles III
|rowspan=15|King-Emperor George V{{efn|name="GeorgeVI"|George V was formerly a member of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha before AD 1917.}}
|rowspan=15|Thuringia and Bavaria<br/>{{small|(in modern Germany)}}
|-
|{{flag|Australia|name=Commonwealth of Australia}}{{efn|name="Australia"|Including:
* {{flagdeco|Australia}} Australian Antarctic Territory
* {{flagdeco|Australia}} Coral Sea Islands Territory
* {{flagdeco|Australia}} Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands
* {{flag|Christmas Island|name=Territory of Christmas Island}}
* {{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands|name=Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands}}
* {{flagdeco|Australia}} Territory of Heard and McDonald Islands
* {{flag|Norfolk Island|name=Territory of Norfolk Island}}}}
|-
|{{flag|Bahamas|name=Commonwealth of The Bahamas}}
|-
|{{flag|Belize}}
|-
|{{flag|Canada}}
|-
|{{flag|Grenada}}
|-
|{{flag|Jamaica}}
|-
|{{flagdeco|New Zealand}} New Zealand{{efn|name="NewZealand"|The Realm of New Zealand consists of:
* {{flag|Cook Islands}}
* {{flag|New Zealand}}
* {{flag|Niue}}
* {{flagdeco|New Zealand}} Ross Dependency
* {{flag|Tokelau}}}}
|-
|{{flag|Papua New Guinea|name=Independent State of Papua New Guinea}}
|-
|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis|name=Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis}}
|-
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}
|-
|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|-
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|-
|{{flag|Tuvalu}}
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom|name=United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland}}{{efn|name="UnitedKingdom"|Including:
* {{flag|Anguilla}}
* {{flag|Guernsey|name=Bailiwick of Guernsey}} (Crown dependency)
* {{flag|Jersey|name=Bailiwick of Jersey}} (Crown dependency)
* {{flag|Bermuda}}
* {{flag|British Antarctic Territory}}
* {{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}}
* {{flag|Cayman Islands}}
* {{flag|Falkland Islands}}
* {{flag|Gibraltar}}
* {{flag|Isle of Man}} (Crown dependency)
* {{flag|Montserrat}}
* {{flag|Pitcairn Islands|name=Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands}}
* {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
* {{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}
* {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}}
* {{flag|British Virgin Islands|name=Virgin Islands}}
The crown dependencies of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Jersey, and the Isle of Man are neither part of the United Kingdom nor British overseas territories.}}
|-
|House of Khalifa
|{{flag|Bahrain|name=Kingdom of Bahrain}}
|King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
|Sheikh Khalifa bin Mohammed
|[[Place:Najd|Najd]]<br/>{{small|(in modern Saudi Arabia)}}
|-
|House of Belgium{{efn|name="Belgium"|The House of Belgium is descended from the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which is a branch of the House of Wettin. The dynastic name was changed from "Saxe-Coburg and Gotha" to "Belgium" in AD 1920.}}
|{{flag|Kingdom of Belgium}}
|King Philippe
|King Albert I{{efn|name="AlbertI"|Albert I was formerly a member of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha before AD 1920.}}
|Thuringia and Bavaria<br/>{{small|(in modern Germany)}}
|-
|Wangchuck dynasty
|{{flag|Bhutan|name=Kingdom of Bhutan}}
|''Druk Gyalpo'' Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
|''Druk Gyalpo'' Ugyen Wangchuck
|Trongsa,
Bhutan
|-
|House of Bolkiah
|{{flag|Brunei|name=Brunei Darussalam}}
|Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
|Sultan Muhammad Shah
|Tarim in [[Place:Hadhramaut|Hadhramaut]]{{efn|name="Bolkiah"|Claimed by the royal house, but the historicity is questionable.}}<br/>{{small|(in modern Yemen)}}
|-
|House of Norodom{{efn|name="Norodom"|The House of Norodom is a branch of the Varman dynasty.}}
|{{flag|Cambodia|name=Kingdom of Cambodia}}
|King Norodom Sihamoni
|King Norodom Prohmbarirak
|Cambodia
|-
|rowspan=2|House of Glücksburg{{efn|name="Glücksburg"|The House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg is a branch of the House of Oldenburg.}}
|{{flag|Denmark|name=Kingdom of Denmark}}{{efn|name="Denmark"|Including:
* {{flag|Faroe Islands}}
* {{flag|Greenland}}}}
|Queen Margrethe II
|rowspan=2|Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
|rowspan=2|Glücksburg<br/>{{small|(in modern Germany)}}
|-
|{{flag|Norway|name=Kingdom of Norway}}
|King Harald V
|-
|House of Dlamini
|{{flag|Eswatini|name=Kingdom of Eswatini}}
|King Mswati III
|Chief Dlamini I
|[[Place:East Africa|East Africa]]
|-
|Imperial House of Japan{{efn|name="Yamato"|The Imperial House of Japan, or the Yamato dynasty, is the world's oldest continuous dynasty. The dynasty has produced an unbroken succession of Japanese monarchs since the legendary founding year of 660 BC.}}
|{{flag|Japan}}
|Emperor Naruhito
|Emperor Jimmu{{efn|name="Jimmu"|Most historians regard Emperor Jimmu to have been a mythical ruler. Emperor Ōjin, traditionally considered the 15th emperor, is the first who is generally thought to have existed, while Emperor Kinmei, the 29th emperor according to traditional historiography, is the first monarch for whom verifiable regnal dates can be assigned.}}
|Nara<br/>{{small|(in modern Japan)}}
|-
|House of Hashim{{efn|name="Hashim"|The House of Hashim is descended from Banu Qatada, which was a branch of the [[Religion:Alids|House of Ali]].}}
|{{flag|Jordan|name=Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan}}
|King Abdullah II
|King Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi
|[[Place:Hejaz|Hejaz]]<br/>{{small|(in modern Saudi Arabia)}}
|-
|House of Sabah
|{{flag|Kuwait|name=State of Kuwait}}
|Emir Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
|Sheikh Sabah I bin Jaber
|[[Place:Najd|Najd]]<br/>{{small|(in modern Saudi Arabia)}}
|-
|House of Moshesh
|{{flag|Lesotho|name=Kingdom of Lesotho}}
|King Letsie III
|Paramount Chief Moshoeshoe I
|Lesotho
|-
|House of Liechtenstein
|{{flag|Liechtenstein|name=Principality of Liechtenstein}}
|Prince Hans-Adam II
|Prince Karl I
|Lower Austria<br/>{{small|(in modern Austria)}}
|-
|House of Luxembourg-Nassau{{efn|name="Luxembourg-Nassau"|The House of Luxembourg-Nassau is descended from the House of Nassau-Weilburg, which is a branch of the House of Nassau and the House of Bourbon-Parma.}}
|{{flag|Luxembourg|name=Grand Duchy of Luxembourg}}
|Grand Duke Henri
|Grand Duke Adolphe
|Nassau<br/>{{small|(in modern Germany)}}
|-
|Bendahara dynasty{{efn|name="Bendahara"|The Bendahara dynasty is the ruling dynasty of Pahang Darul Makmur and Terengganu. The Sultan of Pahang is the reigning Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.}}
|{{flag|Malaysia}}{{efn|name="Malaysia"|The throne of Malaysia rotates among the nine constituent monarchies of Malaysia, each ruled by a dynasty. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected by the Conference of Rulers.}}
|''Yang di-Pertuan Agong'' Abdullah
|''Bendahara'' Tun Habib Abdul Majid
|Johor<br/>{{small|(in modern Malaysia)}}
|-
|House of Grimaldi
|{{flag|Monaco|name=Principality of Monaco}}
|Prince Albert II
|François Grimaldi
|Genoa<br/>{{small|(in modern Italy)}}
|-
|'Alawi dynasty
|{{flag|Morocco|name=Kingdom of Morocco}}
|King Mohammed VI
|Sultan Abul Amlak Sidi Muhammad as-Sharif ibn 'Ali
|Tafilalt<br/>{{small|(in modern Morocco)}}
|-
|House of Orange-Nassau{{efn|name="Orange-Nassau"|The House of Orange-Nassau is a branch of the House of Nassau. Additionally, Willem-Alexander is also linked to the House of Lippe through Beatrix of the Netherlands.}}
|{{flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands}}{{efn|name="Netherlands"|The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of:
* {{flag|Aruba}}
* {{flag|Curaçao}}
* {{flag|Netherlands}}
* {{flag|Sint Maarten}}}}
|King Willem-Alexander
|Prince William I
|Nassau<br/>{{small|(in modern Germany)}}
|-
|[[Social:House of Busaid|House of Busaid]]
|{{flag|Oman|name=Sultanate of Oman}}
|Sultan Haitham bin Tariq
|Sultan Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi
|Oman
|-
|House of Thani
|{{flag|Qatar|name=State of Qatar}}
|Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
|Sheikh Thani bin Mohammed
|[[Place:Najd|Najd]]<br/>{{small|(in modern Saudi Arabia)}}
|-
|House of Saud
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia|name=Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}
|[[Biography:Salman of Saudi Arabia|King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]]
|Emir Saud I
|Diriyah<br/>{{small|(in modern Saudi Arabia)}}
|-
|House of Bourbon-Anjou{{efn|name="Bourbon-Anjou"|The House of Bourbon-Anjou is a branch of the House of Bourbon.}}
|{{flag|Spain|name=Kingdom of Spain}}
|King Felipe VI
|King Philip V
|Bourbon-l'Archambault<br/>{{small|(in modern France)}}
|-
|House of Bernadotte
|{{flag|Sweden|name=Kingdom of Sweden}}
|King Carl XVI Gustaf
|King Charles XIV John
|Pau<br/>{{small|(in modern France)}}
|-
|Chakri dynasty
|{{flag|Thailand|name=Kingdom of Thailand}}
|King Vajiralongkorn
|King Rama I
|Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya<br/>{{small|(in modern Thailand)}}
|-
|House of Tupou
|{{flag|Tonga|name=Kingdom of Tonga}}
|King Tupou VI
|King George Tupou I
|Tonga
|-
|House of Nahyan{{efn|name="Nahyan"|The House of Nahyan is the ruling dynasty of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The Emir of Abu Dhabi is the incumbent President of the United Arab Emirates.}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}{{efn|name="UAE"|The President of the United Arab Emirates is elected by the Federal Supreme Council. The office has been held by the Emir of Abu Dhabi since the formation of the United Arab Emirates in AD 1971.}}
|President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|Sheikh Dhiyab bin Isa Al Nahyan
|Liwa Oasis<br/>{{small|(in modern United Arab Emirates)}}
|}

==Political families==

Though in [[Social:Election|elected]] [[Social:Government|government]]s, rule does not pass automatically by inheritance, political power often accrues to generations of related individuals in the elected positions of [[Social:Republic|republic]]s, and [[Social:Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchies]]. Eminence, [[Social:Social influence|influence]], [[Philosophy:Tradition|tradition]], [[Biology:Genetics|genetics]], and [[Social:Nepotism|nepotism]] may contribute to the phenomenon.

===Hereditary dictatorship===
Hereditary dictatorships are nominally democratic [[Social:Dictatorship#Personalist|personalist dictatorships]] in which political power stays within a strongman's family due to the overwhelming authority of the strongman, rather than by the democratic consent of the people. The strongman typically fills government positions with their relatives. They may groom a successor during their own lifetime, or a member of their family may maneuver to take control of the dictatorship after the strongman's death. North Korea's Kim dynasty is the oldest and most prominent example of a highly personalist hereditary dictatorship in power today.<ref name="Survival">{{cite journal |last1=Mastro |first1=Oriana Skylar |title=All in the Family: North Korea and the Fate of Hereditary Autocratic Regimes |journal=Survival |date=3 March 2020 |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=103–124 |doi=10.1080/00396338.2020.1739951}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Current hereditary dictatorships<ref name="Survival" />
! style="width:200px;"|Dynasty
! style="width:300px;"|Regime
! style="width:200px;"|Current leader
! style="width:200px;"|Dynastic founder
! style="width:150px;"|Year founded{{efn|Year authoritarian system began}}
|-
|Kim dynasty
|{{flag|North Korea|name=<nowiki>Democratic People's Republic of Korea</nowiki>}}
|[[Biography:Kim Jong Un|Kim Jong Un]]
|Kim Il Sung
|1948
|-
|Assad dynasty
|{{flag|Syrian Arab Republic}}
|Bashar al-Assad
|Hafez al-Assad
|1970
|-
|Hun dynasty<ref>{{cite news |title=What to expect from Cambodia's new 'dynastic' prime minister |url=https://www.dw.com/en/what-to-expect-from-cambodias-new-dynastic-prime-minister/a-66591627 |access-date=25 August 2023 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=8 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Syed |first1=Armani |title=What to Know About the Army Chief Who Will Be Cambodia's Next Leader |url=https://time.com/6298046/hun-manet-cambodia-leadership/ |access-date=25 August 2023 |magazine=Time |date=26 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hunt |first1=Luke |title=Assessing Cambodia's New Political Leadership |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/08/assessing-cambodias-new-political-leadership/ |access-date=25 August 2023 |work=The Diplomat |date=23 August 2023}}</ref>
|{{flag|Kingdom of Cambodia}}
|Hun Manet
|Hun Sen
|1997
|-
|Aliyev dynasty
|{{flag|Republic of Azerbaijan}}
|Ilham Aliyev
|Heydar Aliyev
|1993
|-
|Berdimuhamedow dynasty<ref>{{cite news |last1=Clement |first1=Victoria |title=The Aura of Governance in Turkmenistan |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/the-aura-of-governance-in-turkmenistan/ |access-date=27 October 2023 |work=The Diplomat |date=14 March 2023}}</ref>
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|Serdar Berdimuhamedow
|Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
|2006
|}

==Influential wealthy families==

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160">
File:Karikala's Kallanai.jpg|Karikala, the Tamil King of [[History:Early Cholas|Early Cholas]], who built the ancient Kallanai Dam.
File:Song Taizu.jpg|[[Religion:Emperor Taizu of Song|Zhao Kuangyin]] (Emperor Taizu of Song) was the founder of the Song dynasty in China.
File:明太祖画像.jpg|Zhu Yuanzhang (Hongwu Emperor) was the founder of the Ming dynasty in China.
File:Sukapha.jpg|Sukaphaa was the first King of the Ahom dynasty in Assam, India.
File:Babur of India.jpg|Babur, from the Timurid dynasty, was the first ruler of the Mughal Empire in India.
File:EmperorSuleiman.jpg|Suleiman the Magnificent, from the House of Osman, was the longest-reigning [[Religion:Sultan|Sultan]] of the [[Place:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]], ruling from 1520 until 1566.
File:ModernEgypt, Muhammad Ali by Auguste Couder, BAP 17996.jpg|Muhammad Ali Pasha, founder of the Muhammad Ali dynasty, ruled Egypt and Sudan from 1805 to 1848.
File:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in 1973.jpg|Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, from the Pahlavi dynasty, was the last Shah of Iran, before the Iranian Revolution.
File:Peter der-Grosse 1838.jpg|Peter I, from the House of Romanov, was the first Russian monarch to rule as Emperor.
File:Constantine Palaiologos.jpg|Constantine XI Palaiologos, from the Palaiologos dynasty, was the final monarch of the [[Place:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]].
File:Pedro II of Brazil by Rugendas 1846 original.jpg|Pedro II, from the House of Braganza, ruled Brazil from 1831 to 1889.
File:Kingdavidkalakaua dust.jpg|Kalākaua, founder of the House of Kalākaua, was the penultimate sovereign ruler of the [[History:Hawaiian Kingdom|Kingdom of Hawaiʻi]].
File:Emperor Higashiyama.jpg|Asahito (Emperor Higashiyama), from the House of Yamato, was the 113th Japanese Emperor.
File:Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png|Emperor Meiji, from the House of Yamato, was the 122nd Japanese Emperor.
File:Christian I of Denmark, Norway & Sweden 1440s.jpg|Christian I, from the House of Oldenburg, served as King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
File:Portrait of the Kangxi Emperor in Court Dress.jpg|Aisin Gioro Xuanye (Kangxi Emperor), of the Qing dynasty, was the longest reigning Emperor of China.
File:Mohammadshah (01).jpg|Mohammad Shah Qajar, from the Qajar dynasty, was King of Persia.
File:King Taejo Yi 02.jpg|Yi Seong-gye (Taejo of Joseon) ruled Korea from 1392 to 1398, as the first King of the Joseon dynasty.
File:Nicholas I of Montenegro, 1909.jpg|Nikola I, from the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty, ruled Montenegro from 1860 to 1918.
File:Emperor Thanh Thai.jpg|Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Lân (Emperor Thành Thái), from the Nguyễn dynasty, was Emperor of Vietnam from 1889 to 1907.
File:Ahmed al Mansur.jpg|Ahmad al-Mansur, from the Saadi dynasty, was the Sultan of Morocco from 1578 to 1603.
File:Louis XIV of France.jpg|Louis XIV, from the House of Bourbon, reigned as King of France from 1643 to 1715.
File:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|Napoleon I, from the [[Social:House of Bonaparte|House of Bonaparte]], ruled over France and Italy.
File:Konbang-Thibaw.jpg|Thibaw Min was the last monarch of the Konbaung dynasty in Myanmar.
File:After Hans Holbein the Younger - Portrait of Henry VIII - Google Art Project.jpg|[[Biography:Henry VIII|Henry VIII]], from the [[Social:House of Tudor|House of Tudor]], reigned as King of England and Ireland from 1509 to 1547.
File:Circle of William Scrots Edward VI of England.jpg|Edward VI, from the [[Social:House of Tudor|House of Tudor]], reigned as King of England and Ireland from 1547 to 1553.
File:Elizabeth I (Armada Portrait).jpg|Elizabeth I, from the [[Social:House of Tudor|House of Tudor]], reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603.
File:Ranavalona I.jpg|Ranavalona I, from the Hova dynasty, was Queen Regnant of Madagascar from 1828 to 1861.
File:King Sho Tai.jpg|Shō Tai, from the Second Shō dynasty, was the final sovereign ruler of the [[History:Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryukyu Kingdom]].
File:Shah-Zaman-Khan.jpg|Zaman Shah Durrani, from the Durrani dynasty, ruled Afghanistan from 1793 to 1800.
File:Wanggiyan Aguda.jpg|Wanyan Aguda (Emperor Taizu of Jin) was the progenitor of the Jin dynasty in China.
File:Trần Anh Tông TLĐSXSĐ.jpg|Trần Thuyên (Emperor Trần Anh Tông), from the Trần dynasty, ruled Vietnam from 1293 to 1314.
File:Prinz Otto von Bayern Koenig von Griechenland 1833.jpg|Otto I, from the House of Wittelsbach, was King of Greece from 1832 to 1862.
File:Tamar, fresco of Vardzia.jpg|Tamar from the Bagrationi dynasty, was Queen Regnant of Georgia.
File:YuanEmperorAlbumQaishanKulugPortrait.jpg|Khayishan (Külüg Khan and Emperor Wuzong of Yuan) was the seventh Khagan of the [[Place:Mongol Empire|Mongol Empire]] and the third Emperor of the Yuan dynasty in China.
File:MilanIDeSerbia--dasknigreichse03kaniuoft.jpg|Milan I from the Obrenović dynasty, ruled Serbia from 1868 to 1889.
File:Agustin de Iturbide Oleo Primitivo Miranda.png|Agustín I was the first and only Mexican Emperor from the House of Iturbide.
File:Zygmunt Waza Soutman.jpg|Sigismund III from the House of Vasa, was monarch of Poland, Lithuania, Sweden and Finland.
File:Pietro Liberi or Guido Cagnacci (attr.) - Emperor Leopold I in coronation armor.jpg|Leopold I, from the House of Habsburg, was Emperor of the [[Religion:Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Empire]], and King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia.
File:King Kongmin of Koryo.jpg|Wang Jeon (King Gongmin) ruled Korea from 1351 to 1374 as King of [[History:Goryeo|Goryeo]].
File:Friedrich ii campenhausen.jpg|[[History:Frederick the Great|Frederick the Great]], from the House of Hohenzollern, was the King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786.
File:Kaiser Wilhelm I. .JPG|Wilhelm I, from the House of Hohenzollern, was the first German Emperor.
File:VictorEmmanuel2.jpg|Victor Emmanuel II, from the House of Savoy, was the first King of Italy.
File:Giedymin.PNG|Gediminas, King of Lithuania, started the Gediminids dynasty in 1315.
File:Sir James Brooke (1847) by Francis Grant.jpg| Sir James Brooke, Rajah of the Raj of Sarawak, founder of the Brooke Dynasty 1841
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Social:Cadet branch|Cadet branch]]
* Commonwealth realm
* Conquest dynasty
* [[Social:Dynastic cycle|Dynastic cycle]]
* Dynastic order
* Dynastic union
* [[Social:Elective monarchy|Elective monarchy]]
* Family seat
* Heads of former ruling families
* Hereditary monarchy
* Iranian Intermezzo
* List of current constituent monarchs
* [[Social:List of current monarchies|List of current monarchies]]
* List of current monarchs of sovereign states
* List of dynasties
* List of empires
* [[Social:List of family trees|List of family trees]]
* List of kingdoms and royal dynasties
* List of largest empires
* List of monarchies
* List of noble houses
* Non-sovereign monarchy
* Realm
* Royal family
* Royal household
* [[Social:Royal intermarriage|Royal intermarriage]]
* Self-proclaimed monarchy

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}



{{Sourceattribution|Dynasty}}