View source for Unicode subscripts and superscripts

{{Short description|Unicode denominator & numerator glyphs}}
{{SpecialChars}}
[[File:Sub super num dem.svg|thumb|The difference between superscript/subscript and numerator/denominator glyphs. In many popular fonts the Unicode "superscript" and "subscript" characters are actually numerator and denominator glyphs.]]
[[Unicode]] has subscripted and superscripted versions of a number of characters including a full set of [[Arabic numerals]].<ref name="UnicodeData.txt">{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/UnicodeData.txt|title=UCD: UnicodeData.txt|work=The Unicode Standard|access-date=2016-05-14}}</ref> These characters allow any [[Polynomial|polynomial]],  [[Chemistry:Chemical equation|chemical]] and certain other [[Equation|equation]]s to be represented in plain text without using any form of [[Markup language|markup]] like [[HTML]] or [[Software:TeX|TeX]].

The [[Organization:World Wide Web Consortium|World Wide Web Consortium]] and the [[Organization:Unicode Consortium|Unicode Consortium]] have made recommendations on the choice between using markup and using superscript and subscript characters:
<blockquote>When used in mathematical context ([[MathML]]) it is recommended to consistently use style markup for superscripts and subscripts […]&nbsp;However, when super and sub-scripts are to reflect semantic distinctions, it is easier to work with these meanings encoded in text rather than markup, for example, in phonetic or phonemic transcription.<ref name=w3>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/unicode-xml/#Superscripts |title=Unicode in XML and other Markup Languages |author=Martin Dürst, Asmus Freytag |date=16 May 2007 |publisher=W3C |access-date=13 September 2010}}</ref></blockquote>

== Uses ==
The ''intended'' use<ref name=w3/> when these characters were added to Unicode was to produce true superscripts and subscripts so that chemical and algebraic formulas could be written without markup. Thus "H₂O" (using a subscript 2 character) is ''supposed'' to be identical to "H<sub>2</sub>O" (with subscript markup).

In reality, many fonts that include these characters ignore the Unicode definition, and instead design the digits for mathematical numerator and denominator glyphs,<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 December 2021|title=fraction {{!}} Dart Package|url=https://pub.dev/packages/fraction|access-date=21 September 2022|website=Dart packages|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 March 2021|title=MathML {{!}} General layout elements {{!}} Fractions|url=https://www.data2type.de/xml-xslt-xslfo/math-ml/presentation-markup/layout-elements/fractions,%20https://www.data2type.de/xml-xslt-xslfo/math-ml/presentation-markup/layout-elements/fractions|url-status=|access-date=13 January 2022|website=data2type GmbH|language=de-DE}}{{deadlink|date=September 2023}}</ref> which are aligned with the cap line and the baseline, respectively. When used with the solidus, these glyphs are a common substitute for diagonal fractions, such as ³/₄ for the ¾ glyph. This change was made because using markup does not give a good graphic approximation of fractions (compare markup <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> with super/sub-script ³/₄). The change also makes the superscript letters useful for ordinal indicators, more closely matching the ª and º characters. However, it makes them incorrect for normal superscript and subscript, and so chemical and algebraic formulas are better rendered by using markup.

Unicode intended that diagonal fractions be rendered by a different mechanism: the fraction slash U+2044 is visually similar to the solidus, but when used with the ordinary digits (not the superscripts and subscripts), it instructs the layout system that a fraction such as ¾ is to be rendered using automatic glyph substitution.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/unicode-xml/#Fraction |title=Fraction Slash |author=Martin Dürst, Asmus Freytag |date=16 May 2007 |publisher=W3C |access-date=13 September 2010}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">For a general overview and technical information on glyph substitution (though not specifically for fractions): [https://www.microsoft.com/typography/otspec/gsub.htm GSUB — Glyph Substitution Table] in the [https://www.microsoft.com/typography/otspec/default.htm OpenType specification] on the [http://www.microsoft.com/typography/default.mspx Microsoft Typography site].</ref> User-end support was quite poor for a number of years, but browsers<ref group="lower-alpha">Such as Chrome, [[Software:Firefox|Firefox]] and [[Software:Falkon|Falkon]]</ref> and fonts increasingly support the intended Unicode behavior. A selection of supporting fonts is displayed in the table below. (These will not display properly if you do not have the fonts installed, or if your browser does not support this behavior.)

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Comparison of encodings of simple fractions
! Font
! {{tt|U+00BD}} {{sc|Vulgar Fraction One Half}}
! {{tt|U+0031}} {{sc|Digit one}} {{tt|U+2044}} {{sc|Fraction slash}} {{tt|U+0032}} {{sc|Digit two}}
|-
| {{n/a|Browser default font}}
| ½
| 1⁄2
|-
| [[Andika (typeface)|Andika]]
| style="font-family: Andika;" | ½
| style="font-family: Andika;" | 1⁄2
|-
| Arno Pro
| style="font-family: Arno Pro;" | ½
| style="font-family: Arno Pro;" | 1⁄2
|-
| URW Bookman
| style="font-family: URW Bookman;" | ½
| style="font-family: URW Bookman;" | 1⁄2
|-
| [[Company:Brill Publishers|Brill]]
| style="font-family: Brill;" | ½
| style="font-family: Brill;" | 1⁄2
|-
| Brioso Pro
| style="font-family: Brioso Pro;" | ½
| style="font-family: Brioso Pro;" | 1⁄2
|-
| [[Calibri]]
| style="font-family: Calibri;" | ½
| style="font-family: Calibri;" | 1⁄2
|-
| Candara
| style="font-family: Candara;" | ½
| style="font-family: Candara;" | 1⁄2
|-
| Carlito
| style="font-family: Carlito;" | ½
| style="font-family: Carlito;" | 1⁄2
|-
| [[Cantarell (typeface)|Cantarell]]
| style="font-family: Cantarell;" | ½
| style="font-family: Cantarell;" | 1⁄2
|-
| FiraGO
| style="font-family: FiraGO;" | ½
| style="font-family: FiraGO;" | 1⁄2
|-
| [[EB Garamond]]
| style="font-family: EB Garamond;" | ½
| style="font-family: EB Garamond;" | 1⁄2
|-
| Gentium Book
| style="font-family: Gentium Book;" | ½
| style="font-family: Gentium Book;" | 1⁄2
|-
| URW Gothic
| style="font-family: URW Gothic;" | ½
| style="font-family: URW Gothic;" | 1⁄2
|-
| [[Lato (typeface)|Lato]]
| style="font-family: Lato;" | ½
| style="font-family: Lato;" | 1⁄2
|-
| [[Linux Libertine]]
| style="font-family: Linux Libertine O;" | ½
| style="font-family: Linux Libertine O;" | 1⁄2
|-
| Nimbus Roman
| style="font-family: Nimbus Roman;" | ½
| style="font-family: Nimbus Roman;" | 1⁄2
|-
| [[Nimbus Sans]]
| style="font-family: Nimbus Sans;" | ½
| style="font-family: Nimbus Sans;" | 1⁄2
|-
| Noto Sans
| style="font-family: Noto Sans;" | ½
| style="font-family: Noto Sans;" | 1⁄2
|-
| Noto Serif
| style="font-family: Noto Serif;" | ½
| style="font-family: Noto Serif;" | 1⁄2
|-
| [[Open Sans]]
| style="font-family: Open Sans;" | ½
| style="font-family: Open Sans;" | 1⁄2
|-
| [[Software:Ubuntu (typeface)|Ubuntu]]
| style="font-family: Ubuntu;" | ½
| style="font-family: Ubuntu;" | 1⁄2
|-
| Yrsa
| style="font-family: Yrsa;" | ½
| style="font-family: Yrsa;" | 1⁄2
|}

== Superscripts and subscripts block ==
{{main|Superscripts and Subscripts (Unicode block)}}
The most common superscript digits (1, 2, and 3) were in ISO-8859-1 and were therefore carried over into those positions in the Latin-1 range of Unicode. The rest were placed in a dedicated section of Unicode at {{U+|2070}} to U+209F. The two tables below show these characters. Each superscript or subscript character is preceded by a normal ''x'' to show the subscripting/superscripting. The table on the left contains the actual Unicode characters; the one on the right contains the equivalents using [[HTML]] markup for the subscript or superscript.
<div class="Unicode">
{|  <!-- outer table -->
|<!-- first column / inner table -->
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0"
 |+ Unicode characters
 |-
 ! || 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || A || B || C || D || E || F
 |-
 ! U+00Bx
 | {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || x² || x³ || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || x¹ || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}}
 |-
 ! U+207x
 | x⁰ || xⁱ<!-- It is intentional and correct that this is a superscript i. -->
 |bgcolor="silver"| ||bgcolor="silver"|
 | x⁴ || x⁵ || x⁶ || x⁷ || x⁸ || x⁹ || x⁺ || x⁻ || x⁼ || x⁽ || x⁾ || xⁿ
 |-
 ! U+208x
 | x₀ || x₁ || x₂ || x₃ || x₄ || x₅ || x₆ || x₇ || x₈ || x₉ || x₊ || x₋ || x₌ || x₍ || x₎
 |bgcolor="silver"|
 |-
 ! U+209x
 | xₐ || xₑ || xₒ || xₓ || xₔ
 | xₕ || xₖ || xₗ || xₘ
 | xₙ || xₚ || xₛ || xₜ
 |bgcolor="silver"| ||bgcolor="silver"| ||bgcolor="silver"|
 |-
|}
|
| <!-- second column / inner table -->
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0"
 |+ Simulated using <code>&lt;sup></code> or <code>&lt;sub></code> tags
 |-
 ! || 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || A || B || C || D || E || F
 |-
 ! U+00Bx
 | {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || x<sup>2</sup> || x<sup>3</sup> || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}}
 | x<sup>1</sup> || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}} || {{n/a|}}
 |-
 ! U+207x
 | x<sup>0</sup> || x<sup>i</sup><!-- THIS IS CORRECT, IT IS AN “i” -->
 |bgcolor="silver"| ||bgcolor="silver"|
 | x<sup>4</sup> || x<sup>5</sup> || x<sup>6</sup> || x<sup>7</sup>
 | x<sup>8</sup> || x<sup>9</sup> || x<sup>+</sup> || x<sup>&minus;</sup>
 | x<sup>=</sup> || x<sup>(</sup> || x<sup>)</sup> || x<sup>n</sup>
 |-
 ! U+208x
 | x<sub>0</sub> || x<sub>1</sub> || x<sub>2</sub> || x<sub>3</sub>
 | x<sub>4</sub> || x<sub>5</sub> || x<sub>6</sub> || x<sub>7</sub>
 | x<sub>8</sub> || x<sub>9</sub> || x<sub>+</sub> || x<sub>&minus;</sub>
 | x<sub>=</sub> || x<sub>(</sub> || x<sub>)</sub> ||bgcolor="silver"|
 |-
 ! U+209x
 | x<sub>a</sub> || x<sub>e</sub> || x<sub>o</sub> || x<sub>x</sub>
 | x<sub>ə</sub> || x<sub>h</sub> || x<sub>k</sub> || x<sub>l</sub>
 | x<sub>m</sub> || x<sub>n</sub> || x<sub>p</sub> || x<sub>s</sub>
 | x<sub>t</sub> ||bgcolor="silver"| ||bgcolor="silver"| ||bgcolor="silver"| 
|}
|}</div>
{{legend|silver|outline=#aaa|Reserved for future use.}}
{{legend|#ececec|outline=#aaa|Other characters from Latin-1 not related to super- or sub-scripts.}}

== Other superscript and subscript characters ==
Unicode version {{Unicode version|version=15.1}} also includes subscript and superscript characters that are intended for semantic usage, in the following blocks:<ref name="UnicodeData.txt"/><ref name="Scripts.txt">{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/Scripts.txt|title=UCD: Scripts.txt|work=The Unicode Standard|access-date=2022-09-21}}</ref>
;Superscript
* The [[Latin-1 Supplement (Unicode block)|Latin-1 Supplement]] block contains the feminine and masculine ordinal indicators ª and º.
* The [[Latin Extended-C]] block contains one additional superscript, ⱽ.
* The [[Latin Extended-D]] block contains six  superscripts: ꝰ ꟲ ꟳ ꟴ ꟸ ꟹ.
* The [[Latin Extended-E]] block contains five superscripts: ꭜ ꭝ ꭞ ꭟ ꭩ.
* The [[Latin Extended-F]] block is entirely superscript IPA letters: 𐞁 𐞂 𐞃 𐞄 𐞅 𐞇 𐞈 𐞉 𐞊 𐞋 𐞌 𐞍 𐞎 𐞏 𐞐 𐞑 𐞒 𐞓 𐞔 𐞕 𐞖 𐞗 𐞘 𐞙 𐞚 𐞛 𐞜 𐞝 𐞞 𐞟 𐞠 𐞡 𐞢 𐞣 𐞤 𐞥 𐞦 𐞧 𐞨 𐞩 𐞪 𐞫 𐞬 𐞭 𐞮 𐞯 𐞰 𐞲 𐞳 𐞴 𐞵 𐞶 𐞷 𐞸 𐞹 𐞺.
* The [[Spacing Modifier Letters]] block has superscripted letters and symbols used for phonetic transcription: ʰ ʱ ʲ ʳ ʴ ʵ ʶ ʷ ʸ ˀ ˁ ˠ ˡ ˢ ˣ ˤ.
* The [[Phonetic Extensions]] block has several superscripted letters and symbols: Latin/IPA ᴬ ᴭ ᴮ ᴯ ᴰ ᴱ ᴲ ᴳ ᴴ ᴵ ᴶ ᴷ ᴸ ᴹ ᴺ ᴻ ᴼ ᴽ ᴾ ᴿ ᵀ ᵁ ᵂ ᵃ ᵄ ᵅ ᵆ ᵇ ᵈ ᵉ ᵊ ᵋ ᵌ ᵍ ᵏ ᵐ ᵑ ᵒ ᵓ ᵖ ᵗ ᵘ ᵚ ᵛ, Greek ᵝ ᵞ ᵟ ᵠ ᵡ, Cyrillic ᵸ, other ᵎ ᵔ ᵕ ᵙ ᵜ. These are intended to indicate secondary articulation.
* The [[Phonetic Extensions Supplement]] block has several more: Latin/IPA ᶛ ᶜ ᶝ ᶞ ᶟ ᶠ ᶡ ᶢ ᶣ ᶤ ᶥ ᶦ ᶧ ᶨ ᶩ ᶪ ᶫ ᶬ ᶭ ᶮ ᶯ ᶰ ᶱ ᶲ ᶳ ᶴ ᶵ ᶶ ᶷ ᶸ ᶹ ᶺ ᶻ ᶼ ᶽ ᶾ, Greek ᶿ.
* The [[Cyrillic Extended-B]] block contains two [[Social:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] superscripts: ꚜ ꚝ.
* The [[Cyrillic Extended-D]] block contains many Cyrillic superscripts: 𞀰 𞀱 𞀲 𞀳 𞀷 𞀵 𞀶 𞀷 𞀸 𞀹 𞀺 𞀻 𞀼 𞀽 𞀾 𞀿 𞁀 𞁁 𞁂 𞁃 𞁄 𞁅 𞁆 𞁇 𞁈 𞁉 𞁊 𞁋 𞁌 𞁍 𞁎 𞁏 𞁐 𞁫 𞁬 𞁭.
* The [[Georgian (Unicode block)|Georgian]] block contains one superscripted Mkhedruli letter: ჼ.
* The [[Kanbun (Unicode block)|Kanbun]] block has superscripted annotation characters used in Japanese copies of Classical Chinese texts: ㆒ ㆓ ㆔ ㆕ ㆖ ㆗ ㆘ ㆙ ㆚ ㆛ ㆜ ㆝ ㆞ ㆟.
* The [[Tifinagh (Unicode block)|Tifinagh]] block has one superscript letter : ⵯ.
* The [[Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics (Unicode block)|Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics]] and its [[Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended|Extended]] blocks contain several mostly consonant-only letters to indicate syllable coda called Finals, along with some characters that indicate syllable medial known as Medials: Main block ᐜ ᐝ ᐞ ᐟ ᐠ ᐡ ᐢ ᐣ ᐤ ᐥ ᐦ ᐧ ᐨ ᐩ ᐪ ᑉ ᑊ ᑋ ᒃ ᒄ ᒡ ᒢ ᒻ ᒼ ᒽ ᒾ ᓐ ᓑ ᓒ ᓪ ᓫ ᔅ ᔆ ᔇ ᔈ ᔉ ᔊ ᔋ ᔥ ᔾ ᔿ ᕀ ᕁ ᕐ ᕑ ᕝ ᕪ ᕻ ᕯ ᕽ ᖅ ᖕ ᖖ ᖟ ᖦ ᖮ ᗮ ᘁ ᙆ ᙇ ᙚ ᙾ ᙿ; Extended block: ᣔ ᣕ ᣖ ᣗ ᣘ ᣙ ᣚ ᣛ ᣜ ᣝ ᣞ ᣟ ᣳ ᣴ ᣵ. 

;Combining superscript
* The [[Combining Diacritical Marks]] block contains medieval superscript letter diacritics. These letters are written directly above other letters appearing in medieval Germanic manuscripts, and so these glyphs do not include spacing, for example uͤ. They are shown here over the [[Dotted circle|dotted circle]] placeholder ◌: ◌ͣ ◌ͤ ◌ͥ ◌ͦ ◌ͧ ◌ͨ ◌ͩ ◌ͪ ◌ͫ ◌ͬ ◌ͭ ◌ͮ ◌ͯ.
* The [[Combining Diacritical Marks Extended]] block contains two combining letters for linguistic transcriptions of [[Social:Scots language|Scots]] (◌ᪿ ◌ᫀ) and three combining [[History:Insular script|insular letters]] for the Middle English [[Religion:Ormulum|Ormulum]] (◌ᫌ ◌ᫍ ◌ᫎ).<ref>{{Cite web|title=L2/20-268: Revised proposal to add ten characters for Middle English to the UCS|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20268-n5145-ormulum.pdf|date=2020-10-05|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|first2=Andrew|last2=West}}</ref>
* The [[Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement]] block contains additional medieval superscript letter diacritics, enough to complete the basic lowercase Latin alphabet except for j, q and y, a few small capitals and ligatures (ae, ao, av), and additional letters: ◌᷒ ◌ᷓ ◌ᷔ ◌ᷕ ◌ᷖ ◌ᷗ ◌ᷘ ◌ᷙ ◌ᷚ ◌ᷛ ◌ᷜ ◌ᷝ ◌ᷞ ◌ᷟ ◌ᷠ ◌ᷡ ◌ᷢ ◌ᷣ ◌ᷤ ◌ᷥ ◌ᷦ ◌ᷧ ◌ᷨ ◌ᷪ ◌ᷫ ◌ᷬ ◌ᷭ ◌ᷮ ◌ᷯ ◌ᷰ ◌ᷱ ◌ᷲ ◌ᷳ ◌ᷴ, Greek ◌ᷩ.
* The [[Cyrillic Extended-A]] and -B blocks contains multiple medieval superscript letter diacritics, enough to complete the basic lowercase Cyrillic alphabet used in Church Slavonic texts, also includes an additional ligature (ст):  ◌ⷠ ◌ⷡ ◌ⷢ ◌ⷣ ◌ⷤ ◌ⷥ ◌ⷦ ◌ⷧ ◌ⷨ ◌ⷩ ◌ⷪ ◌ⷫ ◌ⷬ ◌ⷭ ◌ⷮ ◌ⷯ ◌ⷰ ◌ⷱ ◌ⷲ ◌ⷳ ◌ⷴ ◌ⷵ ◌ⷶ ◌ⷷ ◌ⷸ ◌ⷹ ◌ⷺ ◌ⷻ ◌ⷼ ◌ⷽ ◌ⷾ ◌ⷿ ◌ꙴ ◌ꙵ ◌ꙶ ◌ꙷ ◌ꙸ ◌ꙹ ◌ꙺ ◌ꙻ ◌ꚞ ◌ꚟ.
* The [[Cyrillic Extended-D]] block has one additional combining character, that being і: ◌𞂏.

;Subscript
* The [[Latin Extended-C]] block contains one additional subscript, ⱼ.
* The [[Phonetic Extensions]] block has several subscripted letters and symbols: Latin/IPA ᵢ ᵣ ᵤ ᵥ and Greek ᵦ ᵧ ᵨ ᵩ ᵪ.
* The [[Cyrillic Extended-D]] block also contains many Cyrillic subscripts: 𞁑 𞁒 𞁓 𞁔 𞁕 𞁖 𞁗 𞁘 𞁙 𞁚 𞁛 𞁜 𞁝 𞁞 𞁟 𞁠 𞁡 𞁢 𞁣 𞁤 𞁥 𞁦 𞁧 𞁨 𞁩 𞁪.

;Combining subscript
* The [[Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement]] block contains a combining subscript: ◌᷊.

== Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, and IPA tables ==

Consolidated, the Unicode standard contains superscript and subscript versions of a subset of Latin, Greek and Cyrillic letters. Here they are arranged in alphabetical order for comparison (or for copy and paste convenience). Since these characters appear in different Unicode ranges, they may not appear to be the same size or position due to font substitution in the browser.  Shaded cells mark small capitals that are not very distinct from minuscules, and Greek letters that are indistinguishable from Latin, and so would not be expected to be supported by Unicode. 

Little punctuation is encoded. Parentheses and the exclamation mark are shown above. A question mark may be created with a superscript gelded question mark and a combining dot: {{angbr IPA|ˀ̣}}.

{{Anchor|Latin superscript and subscript letters}}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
|+ Latin superscript and subscript letters
|-
! ||A||B||C||D||E||F||G||H||style="min-width:1ch;"|I||J||K||L||M||N||O||P||Q||R||S||T||U||V||W||X||Y||Z
|-
| Superscript capital
|ᴬ||ᴮ||ꟲ||ᴰ||ᴱ||ꟳ||ᴳ||ᴴ||ᴵ||ᴶ||ᴷ||ᴸ||ᴹ||ᴺ||ᴼ||ᴾ||&#xA7F4;||ᴿ|| ||ᵀ||ᵁ||ⱽ||ᵂ|| || || 
|-
| Superscript small cap
| ||&#x10784;
! 
| || || ||&#x10792;||&#x10796;||ᶦ|| || ||ᶫ|| ||ᶰ
! 
| || ||&#x107AA;
! 
| ||ᶸ
! !! !! 
| &#x107B2;
!
|-
| Superscript minuscule
|ᵃ||ᵇ||ᶜ||ᵈ||ᵉ||ᶠ||ᵍ||ʰ||ⁱ||ʲ||ᵏ||ˡ||ᵐ||ⁿ||ᵒ||ᵖ||&#x107A5;||ʳ||ˢ||ᵗ||ᵘ||ᵛ||ʷ||ˣ||ʸ||ᶻ
|-
| Overscript capital
| || 
!
| || || || ◌ᷛ || || || || ||◌ᷞ||◌ᷟ||◌ᷡ
!
| || ||◌ᷢ
!
| || 
! !! !! 
|  
! 
|-
| Overscript minuscule
|◌ͣ ||◌ᷨ||◌ͨ ||◌ͩ ||◌ͤ ||◌ᷫ||◌ᷚ||◌ͪ ||◌ͥ || ||◌ᷜ||◌ᷝ||◌ͫ ||◌ᷠ||◌ͦ ||◌ᷮ|| ||◌ͬ ||◌ᷤ||◌ͭ ||◌ͧ ||◌ͮ ||◌ᷱ||◌ͯ|| ||◌ᷦ
|-
| Subscript minuscule
|ₐ|| || || ||ₑ|| || ||ₕ||ᵢ||ⱼ||ₖ||ₗ||ₘ||ₙ||ₒ||ₚ|| ||ᵣ||ₛ||ₜ||ᵤ||ᵥ|| ||ₓ|| || 
|-
| Underscript minuscule
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ◌᷊ || || || || || ◌ᪿ || || || 
|}

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
|+ Greek superscript and subscript letters
|-
! ||Α||Β||Γ||Δ||Ε||Ζ||Η||Θ||style="min-width:1ch;"|Ι||Κ||Λ||Μ||Ν||Ξ||Ο||Π||Ρ||Σ||Τ||Υ||Φ||Χ||Ψ||Ω
|-
| Superscript minuscule
| {{efn-ua|In some fonts, ᵅ and ᶹ can be used as superscript alpha and upsilon. ᵋ and ᶥ are also officially Latin letters, but display the same as Greek.|name=somefonts}}||ᵝ||ᵞ||ᵟ||ᵋ|| || ||ᶿ||ᶥ|| || || || || 
! 
| || || || ||{{efn-ua|name=somefonts}}||ᵠ||ᵡ|| ||
|-
| Overscript minuscule
| ||◌ᷩ|| || || || || || || || || || || || 
!
| || || || || || || || ||
|-
| Subscript minuscule
| ||ᵦ||ᵧ|| || || || || || || || || || || 
!
| ||ᵨ|| || || ||ᵩ||ᵪ|| ||
|}
{{Notelist|group=upper-alpha}}

{| class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Cyrillic superscript and subscript letters
! || А || Ә || Б || В || Г || Ґ || Д || Е || Є || Ж || З || Ѕ || Ꚉ || И || І || Ї || Ј || К || Л || М || Н || О || Ө || П || Р || С || Ҫ
|-
| Superscript || 𞀰 || 𞁋 || 𞀱 || 𞀲 || 𞀳 || || 𞀴 || 𞀵 || || 𞀶 || 𞀷 || || 𞁊 || 𞀸 || 𞁌 || || 𞁍 || 𞀹 || 𞀺 || 𞀻 || ᵸ || 𞀼 || 𞁎 || 𞀽 || 𞀾 || 𞀿 || 𞁫
|-
| Overscript || ◌ⷶ || ||◌ⷠ || ◌ⷡ || ◌ⷢ || || ◌ⷣ || ◌ⷷ || ◌ꙴ || ◌ⷤ || ◌ⷥ ||  || || ◌ꙵ || ◌&#x1E08F; || ◌ꙶ || || ◌ⷦ || ◌ⷧ || ◌ⷨ || ◌ⷩ || ◌ⷪ || || ◌ⷫ || ◌ⷬ || ◌ⷭ ||
|-
| Subscript || 𞁑 || || 𞁒 || 𞁓 || 𞁔 || 𞁧 || 𞁕 || 𞁖 ||  || 𞁗 || 𞁘 || 𞁩 || || 𞁙 || 𞁨 || || || 𞁚 || 𞁛 ||  ||  || 𞁜 || || 𞁝 ||  || 𞁞 || 
|-
|colspan=28 |
|-
! || Т || У || Ү || Ұ || Ꙋ || Ф || Х || Ѡ || Ц || Ч || Џ || Ш || Щ || Ъ || Ꙑ || Ы || Ь || Ѣ || Э || Ю || Ꙗ || Ѥ || Ѧ || Ѫ || Ѭ || Ѳ || Ӏ
|-
| Superscript || 𞁀 || 𞁁 || 𞁏 || 𞁭 || || 𞁂 || 𞁃 || || 𞁄 || 𞁅 ||  || 𞁆 || || ꚜ || 𞁬 || 𞁇 || ꚝ || || 𞁈 || 𞁉 || || || || || || || 𞁐
|-
| Overscript || ◌ⷮ || ◌ꙷ || || || ◌ⷹ || ◌ꚞ || ◌ⷯ || ◌ꙻ || ◌ⷰ || ◌ⷱ || || ◌ⷲ || ◌ⷳ || ◌ꙸ ||  || ◌ꙹ || ◌ꙺ || ◌ⷺ || || ◌ⷻ || ◌ⷼ || ◌ꚟ || ◌ⷽ || ◌ⷾ || ◌ⷿ || ◌ⷴ ||
|-
| Subscript || || 𞁟 ||  || || || 𞁠 || 𞁡 || || 𞁢 || 𞁣 || 𞁪 || 𞁤 || || 𞁥 ||  || 𞁦 || || || || || || || || || || ||
|}

Many of the Cyrillic characters were added to Unicode 15, in the [[Cyrillic Extended-D]] block, and published in 2022.<ref>[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1E030.pdf Cyrillic Extended-D. Range: 1E030–1E08F]</ref> The D block was added to the free [[Gentium]] Plus and [[Andika (typeface)|Andika]] fonts with version 6.2 in February 2023. 

See also small caps in Unicode.

==={{vanchor|Superscript IPA}}===
The [[Latin Extended-F]] block was created for [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Superscript IPA|superscript IPA letters]]. They were added to the free [[Gentium]] Plus and [[Andika (typeface)|Andika]] fonts with version 6.2 in February 2023.

The Unicode characters for superscript (modifier) IPA and extIPA consonant letters are as follows. Characters for sounds with secondary articulation are set off in parentheses and placed below the base letters:

{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+ IPA and extIPA consonants, along with superscript variants and their Unicode code points
|-
!
! colspan="2" | Bi{{shy }}labial
! colspan="2" | Labio{{shy }}dental
! colspan="2" | Dental
! colspan="2" | Alveolar
! colspan="2" | Post{{shy }}alveolar
! colspan="2" | Retro{{shy }}flex
! colspan="2" | Palatal
! colspan="2" | Velar
! colspan="2" | Uvular
! colspan="2" | Pharyn{{shy }}geal
! colspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! Nasal
|
| {{IPA|m&nbsp;ᵐ}}<br><small>1D50</small>
|
| {{IPA|ɱ&nbsp;ᶬ}}<br><small>1DAC</small>
| colspan="2" |
|
| {{IPA|n&nbsp;ⁿ}}<br><small>207F</small>
| colspan="2" |
|
| {{IPA|ɳ&nbsp;ᶯ}}<br><small>1DAF</small>
|
| {{IPA|ɲ&nbsp;ᶮ}}<br><small>1DAE</small>
|
| {{IPA|ŋ&nbsp;ᵑ}}<br><small>1D51</small>
|
| {{IPA|ɴ&nbsp;ᶰ}}<br><small>1DB0</small>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! Plosive
| {{IPA|p&nbsp;ᵖ}}<br><small>1D56</small>
| {{IPA|b&nbsp;ᵇ}}<br><small>1D47</small>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| {{IPA|t&nbsp;ᵗ}}<br><small>1D57</small>
| {{IPA|d&nbsp;ᵈ}}<br><small>1D48</small>
| colspan="2" |
| {{IPA|ʈ&nbsp;&#x107AF;}}<br><small>107AF</small>
| {{IPA|ɖ&nbsp;&#x1078B;}}<br><small>1078B</small>
| {{IPA|c&nbsp;ᶜ}}<br><small>1D9C</small>
| {{IPA|ɟ&nbsp;ᶡ}}<br><small>1DA1</small>
| {{IPA|k&nbsp;ᵏ}}<br><small>1D4F</small>
| {{IPA|ɡ&nbsp;ᶢ}}/{{IPA|g&nbsp;ᵍ}}<br><small>1DA2/1D4D</small>
| {{IPA|q&nbsp;&#x107A5;}}<br><small>107A5</small>
| {{IPA|ɢ&nbsp;&#x10792;}}<br><small>10792</small>
| colspan=2|{{IPA|ʡ&nbsp;&#x107B3;}}<br><small>107B3</small>
| colspan=2|{{IPA|ʔ&nbsp;ˀ}}<br><small>02C0</small>
|-
! Affricate
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" |
| {{IPA|ʦ&nbsp;&#x107AC;}}<br><small>107AC</small>
| {{IPA|ʣ&nbsp;&#x10787;}}<br><small>10787</small>
| {{IPA|ʧ&nbsp;&#x107AE;}}<br><small>107AE</small><br>{{nowrap|({{IPA|ʨ &#x107AB;}})}}<br><small>107AB</small>
| {{IPA|ʤ&nbsp;&#x1078A;}}<br><small>1078A</small><br>{{nowrap|({{IPA|ʥ &#x10789;}})}}<br><small>10789</small>
| {{IPA|ꭧ&nbsp;&#x107AD;}}<br><small>107AD</small>
| {{IPA|ꭦ&nbsp;&#x10788;}}<br><small>10788</small>
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" |
|-
! Fricative
| {{IPA|ɸ&nbsp;ᶲ}}<br><small>1DB2</small>
| {{IPA|β&nbsp;ᵝ}}<br><small>1D5D</small>
| {{IPA|f&nbsp;ᶠ}}<br><small>1DA0</small>
| {{IPA|v&nbsp;ᵛ}}<br><small>1D5B</small>
| {{IPA|θ&nbsp;ᶿ}}<br><small>1DBF</small>
| {{IPA|ð&nbsp;ᶞ}}<br><small>1D9E</small>
| {{IPA|s&nbsp;ˢ}}<br><small>02E2</small>
| {{IPA|z&nbsp;ᶻ}}<br><small>1DBB</small>
| {{IPA|ʃ&nbsp;ᶴ}}<br><small>1DB4</small><br>{{nowrap|({{IPA|ɕ ᶝ}})}}<br><small>1D9D</small>
| {{IPA|ʒ&nbsp;ᶾ}}<br><small>1DBE</small><br>{{nowrap|({{IPA|ʑ ᶽ}})}}<br><small>1DBD</small>
| {{IPA|ʂ&nbsp;ᶳ}}<br><small>1DB3</small>
| {{IPA|ʐ&nbsp;ᶼ}}<br><small>1DBC</small>
| {{IPA|ç&nbsp;ᶜ̧}}<br><small>1D9C&nbsp;+ 0327</small><ref group="lower-alpha">Superscript {{angbr IPA|ç}} is composed of superscript {{IPA|c}} and a combining cedilla, which should display properly in a good font. Superscript c was specifically requested for this purpose in Unicode proposal L2/03-180.</ref>
| {{IPA|ʝ&nbsp;ᶨ}}<br><small>1DA8</small>
| {{IPA|x&nbsp;ˣ}}<br><small>02E3</small><br>({{IPA|ɧ&nbsp;&#x10797;}})<br><small>10797</small>
| {{IPA|ɣ&nbsp;ˠ}}<br><small>02E0</small>
| {{IPA|χ&nbsp;ᵡ}}<br><small>1D61</small>
| {{IPA|ʁ&nbsp;ʶ}}<br><small>02B6</small>
| {{IPA|ħ&nbsp;&#x10795;}}<br><small>10795</small><br>({{IPA|ʩ&nbsp;&#x10790;}})<br><small>10790</small>
| {{IPA|ʕ&nbsp;&#x2e4;}}<br>{{nowrap|<small>02E4</small>}}<ref group="lower-alpha">{{unichar|02E4|Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop}} is the superscript variant of {{unichar|0295|Latin Letter Pharyngeal Voiced Fricative}} and is defined for IPA use. The similar character {{unichar|02C1|Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop}} is a reversed {{unichar|02C0|Modifier Letter Glottal Stop}}, perhaps a gelded reversed question mark. Fonts are inconsistent in whether they look different and what the difference is.</ref>
| {{IPA|h&nbsp;ʰ}}<br><small>02B0</small>
| {{IPA|ɦ&nbsp;ʱ}}<br><small>02B1</small>
|-
! Approximant
| colspan="2" |
|
| {{IPA|ʋ&nbsp;ᶹ}}<br><small>1DB9</small>
| colspan="2" |
|
| {{IPA|ɹ&nbsp;ʴ}}<br><small>02B4</small>
| colspan="2" |
|
| {{IPA|ɻ&nbsp;ʵ}}<br><small>02B5</small>
| || {{IPA|j&nbsp;ʲ}}<br><small>02B2</small><br>({{IPA|ɥ&nbsp;ᶣ}})<br><small>1DA3</small>
| &nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<br>({{IPA|ʍ&nbsp;ꭩ}})<br><small>AB69</small> || {{IPA|ɰ&nbsp;ᶭ}}<br><small>1DAD</small><br>({{IPA|w&nbsp;ʷ}})<br><small>02B7</small>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! Tap/flap
| colspan="2" |
|
| {{IPA|ⱱ&nbsp;&#x107B0;}}<br><small>107B0</small>
| colspan="2" |
|
| {{IPA|ɾ&nbsp;&#x107A9;}}<br><small>107A9</small>
| colspan="2" |
| 
| {{IPA|ɽ&nbsp;&#x107A8;}}<br><small>107A8</small>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! Trill
| 
| {{IPA|ʙ&nbsp;&#x10784;}}<br><small>10784</small>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| 
| {{IPA|r&nbsp;ʳ}}<br><small>02B3</small>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
| 
| {{IPA|ʀ&nbsp;&#x107AA;}}<br><small>107AA</small>
| {{IPA|ʜ&nbsp;&#x10796;}}<br><small>10796</small>
| {{IPA|ʢ&nbsp;&#x107B4;}}<br><small>107B4</small>
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! Lateral fricative
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" |
| {{IPA|ɬ&nbsp;&#x1079B;}}<br><small>1079B</small><br>({{IPA|ʪ&nbsp;&#x10799;}})<br><small>10799</small>
| {{IPA|ɮ&nbsp;&#x1079E;}}<br><small>1079E</small><br>({{IPA|ʫ&nbsp;&#x1079A;}})<br><small>1079A</small>
| colspan="2" |
| {{IPA|ꞎ&nbsp;&#x1079D;}}<br><small>1079D</small>
| {{IPA|&#x1DF05;&nbsp;&#x1079F;}}<br><small>1079F</small>
| {{IPA|&#x1DF06;&nbsp;&#x107A1;}}<br><small>107A1</small>
| 
| {{IPA|&#x1DF04;&nbsp;&#x1079C;}}<br><small>1079C</small>
| 
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! Lateral approximant
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" |
| 
| {{IPA|l&nbsp;ˡ}}<br><small>02E1</small><br>{{IPA|(ɫ&nbsp;ꭞ)}}<br><small>AB5E</small><ref group="lower-alpha">In Microsoft fonts this character was erroneously designed as a superscript {{angbr IPA|ꬸ}}.</ref>
| colspan="2" |
| 
| {{IPA|ɭ&nbsp;ᶩ}}<br><small>1DA9</small>
| 
| {{IPA|ʎ&nbsp;&#x107A0;}}<br><small>107A0</small>
| 
| {{IPA|ʟ&nbsp;ᶫ}}<br><small>1DAB</small>
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! Lateral tap/flap
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" |
|
| {{IPA|ɺ&nbsp;&#x107A6;}}<br><small>107A6</small>
| colspan="2" |
|
| {{IPA|&#x1DF08;&nbsp;&#x107A7;}}<br><small>107A7</small>
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! Implosive
|
| {{IPA|ɓ&nbsp;&#x10785;}}<br><small>10785</small>
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" |
|
| {{IPA|ɗ&nbsp;&#x1078C;}}<br><small>1078C</small>
| colspan="2" |
|
| {{IPA|ᶑ&nbsp;&#x1078D;}}<br><small>1078D</small>
|
| {{IPA|ʄ&nbsp;&#x10798;}}<br><small>10798</small> 
|
| {{IPA|ɠ&nbsp;&#x10793;}}<br><small>10793</small> 
|
| {{IPA|ʛ&nbsp;&#x10794;}}<br><small>10794</small>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! Click release
| colspan=2| {{IPA|ʘ&nbsp;&#x107B5;}}<br><small>107B5</small>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan=2| {{IPA|ǀ&nbsp;&#x107B6;}}<br><small>107B6</small>
| colspan=2| {{IPA|ǃ&nbsp;ꜝ}}<br><small>A71D</small>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan=2| {{IPA|&#x1DF0A;&nbsp;&#x107B9;}}<br><small>107B9</small>
| colspan=2| {{IPA|ǂ&nbsp;&#x107B8;}}<br><small>107B8</small>
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! Lateral click<br>release
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" |
| colspan=2| {{IPA|ǁ&nbsp;&#x107B7;}}<br><small>107B7</small>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! Percussive
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan=2| {{IPA|¡&nbsp;ꜞ}}<br><small>A71E</small><ref group="lower-alpha" name=click>U+A71D {{angbr IPA|ꜝ}} and A71E {{angbr IPA|ꜞ}} were adopted as the Africanist equivalents of the IPA characters {{angbr IPA|ꜜ}} downstep and {{angbr IPA|ꜛ}} upstep. The correspondence of U+A71D {{angbr IPA|ꜝ}} to the IPA click letter {{angbr IPA|ǃ}} is thus accidental. Coincidentally, U+A71E {{angbr IPA|ꜞ}} serves as the superscript variant of the extIPA percussive consonant {{angbr IPA|¡}}; the other percussive letters, {{angbr IPA|ʬ}} and {{angbr IPA|ʭ}}, do not have superscript support in Unicode.</ref>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
|}

The spacing diacritic for ejective consonants, U+2BC, works with superscript letters despite not being superscript itself: {{angbr IPA|ᵖʼ ᵗʼ ᶜʼ ᵏˣʼ}}. If a distinction needs to be made, the combining apostrophe U+315 may be used: {{angbr IPA|ᵖ&#x315; ᵗ&#x315; ᶜ&#x315; ᵏˣ&#x315;}}. The spacing diacritic should be used for a baseline letter with a superscript release, such as {{IPA|[tˢʼ]}} or {{IPA|[kˣʼ]}}, where the scope of the apostrophe includes the non-superscript letter, but the combining apostrophe U+315 might be used to indicate a weakly articulated ejective consonant like {{IPA|[ᵗ̕]}} or {{IPA|[ᵏ̕]}}, where the whole consonant is written as a superscript, or together with U+2BC when separate apostrophes have scope over the base and modifier letters, as in {{angbr IPA|pʼᵏˣ&#x315;}}.<ref name=non-pulmonic>Kirk Miller & Michael Ashby, [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20253r-mod-ipa-b.pdf L2/20-253R] Unicode request for IPA modifier letters (b), non-pulmonic.</ref>

Spacing diacritics, as in {{angbr IPA|tʲ}}, cannot be secondarily superscripted in plain text: {{angbr IPA|ᵗʲ}}. (In this instance, the old IPA letter for {{IPA|[tʲ]}}, {{angbr IPA|ƫ}}, has a superscript variant in Unicode, U+1DB5 {{angbr IPA|ᶵ}}, as does the lateral, U+1DDA {{angbr IPA|ᶪ}}, but that is not generally the case.)

The Unicode characters for superscript (modifier) IPA vowel letters, plus an extended letter found in English dictionaries, are as follows. The two most recently retired alternative letters are also supported; they are set off in parentheses and placed below the standard IPA letters:

{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+ IPA vowels and superscript variants
|- 
! 
! colspan="2" | Front
! colspan="2" | Central
! colspan="2" | Back
|-
! Close
| {{IPA|i&nbsp;ⁱ}}<br><small>2071</small>
| {{IPA|y&nbsp;ʸ}}<br><small>02B8</small>
| {{IPA|ɨ&nbsp;ᶤ}}<br><small>1DA4</small>
| {{IPA|ʉ&nbsp;ᶶ}}<br><small>1DB6</small>
| {{IPA|ɯ&nbsp;ᵚ}}<br><small>1D5A</small>
| {{IPA|u&nbsp;ᵘ}}<br><small>1D58</small>
|-
! Near-close
| {{IPA|ɪ&nbsp;ᶦ}}<br><small>1DA6</small><br>({{IPA|ɩ&nbsp;ᶥ}})<br><small>1DA5</small>
| {{IPA|ʏ&nbsp;&#x107B2;}}<br><small>107B2</small><br><br><br>
| {{IPA|ᵻ&nbsp;ᶧ}}<br><small>1DA7</small><br><br><br>
|
| 
| {{IPA|ʊ&nbsp;ᶷ}}<br><small>1DB7</small><br>({{IPA|ɷ&nbsp;𐞤}})<br><small>107A4</small>
|-
! Close-mid
| {{IPA|e&nbsp;ᵉ}}<br><small>1D49</small>
| {{IPA|ø&nbsp;&#x107A2;}}<br><small>107A2</small>
| {{IPA|ɘ&nbsp;&#x1078E;}}<br><small>1078E</small>
| {{IPA|ɵ&nbsp;ᶱ}}<br><small>1DB1</small>
| {{IPA|ɤ&nbsp;&#x10791;}}<br><small>10791</small>
| {{IPA|o&nbsp;ᵒ}}<br><small>1D52</small>
|-
! Mid
| colspan="2" |
| colspan=2|{{IPA|ə&nbsp;ᵊ}}<br><small>1D4A</small>
| colspan="2" |
|-
! Open-mid
| {{IPA|ɛ&nbsp;ᵋ}}<br><small>1D4B</small>
| {{IPA|œ&nbsp;ꟹ}}<br><small>A7F9</small>
| {{IPA|ɜ&nbsp;ᶟ}}<br><small>1D9F</small><br><ref group="lower-alpha">Not to be confused with U+1D4C {{angbr IPA|ᵌ}}, which is superscript {{IPA|ᴈ}} (a turned rather than reversed ɛ).</ref>
| {{IPA|ɞ&nbsp;&#x1078F;}}<br><small>1078F</small>
| {{IPA|ʌ&nbsp;ᶺ}}<br><small>1DBA</small>
| {{IPA|ɔ&nbsp;ᵓ}}<br><small>1D53</small>
|-
! Near-open
| {{IPA|æ&nbsp;&#x10783;}}<br><small>10783</small><br><ref group="lower-alpha">Not to be confused with U+1D46 {{angbr IPA|ᵆ}}, which is superscript turned æ.</ref>
| {{IPA|ɶ&nbsp;&#x107A3;}}<br><small>107A3</small>
|colspan=2| {{IPA|ɐ&nbsp;ᵄ}}<br><small>1D44</small>
| {{IPA|ɑ&nbsp;ᵅ}}<br><small>1D45</small>
| {{IPA|ɒ&nbsp;ᶛ}}<br><small>1D9B</small>
|-
! Open
| colspan=4|{{IPA|a&nbsp;ᵃ}}<br><small>1D43</small>
| colspan="2" | 
|}

Note that the para-IPA letter for a central reduced vowel, {{angbr IPA|ᵻ}}, is supported, but its rounded equivalent, {{angbr IPA|ᵿ}}, is not.<ref group="lower-alpha">Theoretically, superscript {{angbr IPA|ᵿ}} might be handled by using the stroke diacritic, {{angbr IPA|ᶷ̵}}, if it were not for the lack of font support.</ref>

The precomposed Unicode rhotic vowel letters {{angbr IPA|ɚ ɝ}} are not directly supported. The rhotic diacritic should be used instead: {{angbr IPA|ᵊ˞&nbsp;ᶟ˞}}.<ref name=pulmonic>Kirk Miller & Michael Ashby, [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf L2/20-252R] Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic</ref>

The two length marks are also supported:

{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+ Length marks
|- 
! Long
! Half-long
|-
| {{IPA|ː&nbsp;&#x10781;}}<br><small>10781</small>
| {{IPA|ˑ&nbsp;&#x10782;}}<br><small>10782</small>
|}

Superscript wildcards (full caps) are partially supported: e.g. {{IPA|ᴺC}} (prenasalized consonant), {{IPA|ꟲN}} (prestopped nasal), {{IPA|Pꟳ}} (fricative release), {{IPA|NᴾF}} (epenthetic plosive), {{IPA|CVNᵀ}} (tone-bearing syllable), {{IPA|Cᴸ}} (liquid or lateral release), {{IPA|Cᴿ}} (rhotic or resonant release), {{IPA|Vᴳ}} (off-glide/diphthong), {{IPA|Cⱽ}} (fleeting vowel). However, superscript {{IPA|S}} for sibilant release and superscript {{IPA|Ʞ}} for fleeting/epenthetic click are not supported as of Unicode 15. Other basic Latin superscript wildcards for tone and weak indeterminate sounds, as described in the article on the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]], are mostly supported. (See table in previous section.)

In addition, a very few IPA letters beyond the basic Latin alphabet have combining superscript forms or are supported as subscripts:

{| class="wikitable IPA" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Additional IPA characters
! || ɑ || æ || ç || ð || ə || ʃ || ʍ || ʔ || ʼ 
|-
| Overscript
| ◌ᷧ|| ◌ᷔ|| ◌ᷗ|| ◌ᷙ|| ◌ᷪ|| ◌ᷯ|| || ◌̉<ref group="lower-alpha">This is actually the Vietnamese diacritic ''dấu hỏi'', not specifically IPA, but graphically both are gelded question marks.</ref> || ◌̓
|-
| Subscript
| || || || || ₔ|| || || 
! 
|-
| Underscript
| || || || || || || ◌ᫀ|| || ◌̦
|}

== Composite characters ==
Primarily for compatibility with earlier character sets, Unicode contains a number of characters that compose super- and subscripts with other symbols.<ref name="UnicodeData.txt"/> In most fonts these render much better than attempts to construct these symbols from the above characters or by using markup.
* The [[Latin-1 Supplement (Unicode block)|Latin-1 Supplement]] block contains the precomposed fractions ½, ¼, and ¾. The copyright © and registered trademark signs ® are also in this block.
* The [[General Punctuation]] block contains the permille sign ‰ and the [[Finance:Basis point|per-ten-thousand sign]] ‱, and [[Basic Latin (Unicode block)|Basic Latin]] has the [[Percent sign|percent sign]] %.
* The [[Number Forms]] block contains several precomposed fractions: ⅐ ⅑ ⅒ ⅓ ⅔ ⅕ ⅖ ⅗ ⅘ ⅙ ⅚ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞ ⅟ ↉.
* The [[Letterlike Symbols]] block contains a few symbols composed of subscript and superscript characters: ℀ ℁ ℅ ℆ № ℠ ™ ⅍.
* The [[Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement]] block contains three superscript abbreviations 🅪 🅫 🅬: MC for {{lang|fr|marque de commerce}} ([[Social:Trademark|trademark]]), MD for {{lang|fr|marque déposée}} (registered trademark), both used in Canada; MR for {{lang|es|marca registrada}} (registered trademark) in Spanish and Portuguese speaking countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17066r-marca-registrada.pdf|title=L2/17-066R: Proposal to encode the Marca Registrada sign|date=2017-03-01|first=Eduardo Marín|last=Silva}}</ref>
* The [[Miscellaneous Technical]] block has one additional subscript, a subscript 10 (⏨), for the purpose of [[Scientific notation|scientific notation]].
* The [[Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics (Unicode block)|Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics]] and its [[Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended|Extended]] blocks contain several letters composed with superscripted letters to indicate extended sound values: Main block ᐂ ᐫ ᐬ ᐭ ᐮ ᐰ ᑍ ᑧ ᑨ ᑩ ᑪ ᑬ ᒅ ᒆ ᒇ ᒈ ᒊ ᒤ ᓁ ᓔ ᓮ ᔌ ᔍ ᔎ ᔏ ᔧ ᕅ ᕔ ᕿ ᖀ ᖁ ᖂ ᖃ ᖄ ᖎ ᖏ ᖐ ᖑ ᖒ ᖓ ᖔ ᙯ ᙰ ᙱ ᙲ ᙳ ᙴ ᙵ ᙶ, Extended block ᢰ ᢱ ᢲ ᢳ ᢴ ᢵ ᢶ ᢷ ᢸ ᢹ ᢺ ᢻ ᢼ ᢽ ᢾ ᢿ ᣀ ᣁ ᣂ ᣃ ᣄ ᣅ.

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Unicode navigation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subscripts and superscripts, Unicode}}
[[Category:Unicode]]

{{Sourceattribution|Unicode subscripts and superscripts}}