Biology:Calonectris: Difference between revisions
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'''''Calonectris''''' is a genus of seabirds. The [[Biology:Genus|genus]] name comes from [[Social:Ancient Greek|Ancient Greek]] ''kalos'', "good" and ''nectris'', "swimmer". | '''''Calonectris''''' is a genus of seabirds. The [[Biology:Genus|genus]] name comes from [[Social:Ancient Greek|Ancient Greek]] ''kalos'', "good" and ''nectris'', "swimmer". | ||
The genus comprises four large [[Biology:Shearwater|shearwater]]s. | The genus comprises four large [[Biology:Shearwater|shearwater]]s. There are two other shearwater genera, ''[[Biology:Puffinus|Puffinus]]'', which comprises 21 small to medium-sized shearwaters, and ''[[Biology:Ardenna|Ardenna]]'' with 7 larger species.<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2021 | title=Petrels, albatrosses | work=IOC World Bird List Version 11.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/petrels/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=2 January 2022 }}</ref><ref name=Penhallurick>{{cite journal | last1=Penhallurick | first1=John | last2=Wink | first2=Michael | year=2004 | title=Analysis of the taxonomy and nomenclature of the Procellariformes based on complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome ''b'' gene | journal=Emu |volume= 104 | issue=2 | pages= 125–147 | doi=10.1071/MU01060| bibcode=2004EmuAO.104..125P | s2cid=83202756 }}</ref><ref name="Estandia et al. 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Estandia |first1=A |last2=Chesser |first2=RT |last3=James |first3=HF |last4=Levy |first4=MA |last5=Ferrer Obiol |first5=J |last6=Bretagnolle |first6=V |last7=Gonzales-Solis |first7=J |last8=Welch |first8=AJ |title=Substitution rate variation in a robust procellariiform seabird phylogeny is not solely explained by body mass, flight efficiency, population size or life history traits |journal=bioRxiv |date=July 2021 |doi=10.1101/2021.07.27.453752|s2cid=236502443 |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/07/27/2021.07.27.453752.full.pdf }}</ref> | ||
The [[Biology:Species|species]] in this group are long-winged birds, dark brown or grey-brown above, and mainly white below. They are pelagic outside the breeding season. They are most common in temperate and cold waters. Like most other [[Biology:Procellariiformes|tubenose]] birds, they use a shearing flight technique to move across wave fronts with the minimum of active flight, but fly with a more relaxed, fluid, flexible wing action than the other shearwaters in ''Puffinus'' and ''Ardenna''.<ref name=Collins>Svensson, L., Mullarney, K., & Zetterström, D. (2022) ''Collins Bird Guide'', ed. 3. {{ISBN|978-0-00-854746-2}}, pages 68-69</ref> | |||
''Calonectris'' shearwaters are long-distance [[Biology:Bird migration|migrants]]. The streaked shearwater disperses from its east [[Earth:Asia|Asia]]n breeding islands throughout the western Pacific and into the eastern [[Earth:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]]. They come to islands and coastal cliffs only to breed. They are nocturnal at the colonial breeding sites, preferring moonless nights to minimise predation. They nest in burrows and often give eerie contact [[Biology:Bird vocalization|calls]] on their night time visits. They lay a single white egg. They feed on fish, squid and similar oceanic food. They will follow fishing boats to take scraps. | ''Calonectris'' shearwaters are long-distance [[Biology:Bird migration|migrants]]. The streaked shearwater disperses from its east [[Earth:Asia|Asia]]n breeding islands throughout the western Pacific and into the eastern [[Earth:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]]. They come to islands and coastal cliffs only to breed. They are nocturnal at the colonial breeding sites, preferring moonless nights to minimise predation. They nest in burrows and often give eerie contact [[Biology:Bird vocalization|calls]] on their night time visits. They lay a single white egg. They feed on fish, squid and similar oceanic food. They will follow fishing boats to take scraps. | ||
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The genus ''Calonectris'' was introduced in 1915 by the ornithologists Gregory Mathews and Tom Iredale with the [[Biology:Streaked shearwater|streaked shearwater]] as the [[Biology:Type species|type species]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Mathews | first1=Gregory M. | last2=Iredale | first2=Tom | year=1915 | title=On some petrels from the North-East Pacific Ocean | journal=Ibis | volume=57 | issue=3 | pages=572–609 [590, 592] | doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1915.tb08206.x | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8750380 }}</ref> The genus name combines the [[Social:Ancient Greek|Ancient Greek]] ''kalos'' meaning "good" or "noble" with the genus name ''Nectris'' that was used for shearwaters by the German naturalist Heinrich Kuhl in 1820. The name ''Nectris'' comes from the Ancient Greek ''nēktris'' meaning "swimmer".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n86/mode/1up 86], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n267/mode/1up 267] }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | last=Kuhl | first=Heinrich | date=1820 | title=Beiträge zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie | language=German, Latin | location=Frankfurt am Main | publisher=Verlag der Hermannschen Buchhandlung | page=148 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28230944 }}</ref> | The genus ''Calonectris'' was introduced in 1915 by the ornithologists Gregory Mathews and Tom Iredale with the [[Biology:Streaked shearwater|streaked shearwater]] as the [[Biology:Type species|type species]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Mathews | first1=Gregory M. | last2=Iredale | first2=Tom | year=1915 | title=On some petrels from the North-East Pacific Ocean | journal=Ibis | volume=57 | issue=3 | pages=572–609 [590, 592] | doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1915.tb08206.x | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8750380 }}</ref> The genus name combines the [[Social:Ancient Greek|Ancient Greek]] ''kalos'' meaning "good" or "noble" with the genus name ''Nectris'' that was used for shearwaters by the German naturalist Heinrich Kuhl in 1820. The name ''Nectris'' comes from the Ancient Greek ''nēktris'' meaning "swimmer".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n86/mode/1up 86], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n267/mode/1up 267] }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | last=Kuhl | first=Heinrich | date=1820 | title=Beiträge zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie | language=German, Latin | location=Frankfurt am Main | publisher=Verlag der Hermannschen Buchhandlung | page=148 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28230944 }}</ref> | ||
Scopoli's shearwater and Cory's shearwater were previously considered as conspecific and formed the Cory's shearwater complex (''Calonectris diomedea''). Based on the lack of hybridization and differences in mitochondrial DNA, morphology and | Scopoli's shearwater and Cory's shearwater were previously considered as conspecific and formed the Cory's shearwater complex (''Calonectris diomedea''). Based on the lack of hybridization and differences in mitochondrial DNA, morphology and vocalisation, the complex was split into two separate species. The English name "Cory's shearwater" was transferred to ''Calonectris borealis'' while what was previously the nominate subspecies became Scopoli's shearwater (''Calonectris diomedea'').<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Sangster | first1=G. | last2=Collinson | first2=J.M. | last3=Crochet | first3=P.-A. | last4=Knox | first4=A.G. | last5=Parkin | first5=D.T. | last6=Votier | first6=S.C. | year=2012 | title=Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: eighth report | journal=Ibis | volume=154 | issue=4 | pages=874–883 | doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01273.x | doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=ioc/> | ||
===Species=== | ===Species=== | ||
The genus contains four species.<ref name=ioc | The genus contains four species.<ref name=ioc/> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common Name !! Distribution | ! Image !! Scientific name !! Common Name !! Distribution<ref name=Hoyo>{{cite book |last1=del Hoyo|first1=Josep |title=All the birds of the world |date=2020 |publisher=Lynx Edicions |location=Barcelona |isbn=978-84-16728-37-4 |page=201}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|120px ||''Calonectris leucomelas''|| [[Biology:Streaked shearwater|Streaked shearwater]] || Pacific Ocean, nesting in Japan and the Korean Peninsula. Forages in the western Pacific between 45°N and 35°S. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|120px ||''Calonectris borealis''|| [[Biology:Cory's shearwater|Cory's shearwater]]|| Breeds on Madeira, the Azores, the Canary Islands and the Berlengas islands off the Portuguese coast. Forages in the Atlantic between 60°N and 36°S; also marginally into the western Mediterranean, and the Indian Ocean off South Africa. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|120px ||''Calonectris diomedea''|| [[Biology:Scopoli's shearwater|Scopoli's shearwater]] || Breeds on Mediterranean islands. Forages in the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic between 50°N and 36°S; also marginally into the Indian Ocean off South Africa. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ||''Calonectris edwardsii'' || [[Biology:Cape Verde shearwater|Cape Verde shearwater]] || | | ||''Calonectris edwardsii'' || [[Biology:Cape Verde shearwater|Cape Verde shearwater]] || Breeds on the Cape Verde Islands. Forages in the Atlantic between 18°N and 40°S. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===Phylogeny=== | ===Phylogeny=== | ||
Phylogeny based on a study by Joan Ferrer Obiol and collaborators published in 2022.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Ferrer Obiol | first1=J. | last2=James | first2=H.F. | last3=Chesser | first3=R.T. | last4=Bretagnolle | first4=V. | last5=González-Solís | first5=J. | last6=Rozas | first6=J. | last7=Welch | first7=A.J. | last8=Riutort | first8=M. | date=2022 | title=Palaeoceanographic changes in the late Pliocene promoted rapid diversification in pelagic seabirds | journal=Journal of Biogeography | volume=49 | issue=1 | pages=171–188 | doi=10.1111/jbi.14291 | doi-access=free | hdl=2445/193747 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> | Phylogeny based on a study by Joan Ferrer Obiol and collaborators published in 2022.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Ferrer Obiol | first1=J. | last2=James | first2=H.F. | last3=Chesser | first3=R.T. | last4=Bretagnolle | first4=V. | last5=González-Solís | first5=J. | last6=Rozas | first6=J. | last7=Welch | first7=A.J. | last8=Riutort | first8=M. | date=2022 | title=Palaeoceanographic changes in the late Pliocene promoted rapid diversification in pelagic seabirds | journal=Journal of Biogeography | volume=49 | issue=1 | pages=171–188 | doi=10.1111/jbi.14291 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2022JBiog..49..171F | hdl=2445/193747 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> | ||
{{Clade | {{Clade | ||
|label1=''Calonectris'' | |label1=''Calonectris'' | ||
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*Heidrich, Petra; Amengual, José F. & Wink, Michael (1998): Phylogenetic relationships in Mediterranean and North Atlantic shearwaters (Aves: Procellariidae) based on nucleotide sequences of mtDNA. ''Biochemical Systematics and Ecology'' '''26'''(2): 145–170. <small>{{doi|10.1016/S0305-1978(97)00085-9}}</small> [http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak14/ipmb/phazb/pubwink/1998/8.%201998.pdf PDF fulltext] | *Heidrich, Petra; Amengual, José F. & Wink, Michael (1998): Phylogenetic relationships in Mediterranean and North Atlantic shearwaters (Aves: Procellariidae) based on nucleotide sequences of mtDNA. ''Biochemical Systematics and Ecology'' '''26'''(2): 145–170. <small>{{doi|10.1016/S0305-1978(97)00085-9}}</small> [http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak14/ipmb/phazb/pubwink/1998/8.%201998.pdf PDF fulltext] | ||
{{Austrodyptornithes|P.|state=collapsed}} | |||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1049267}} | {{Taxonbar|from=Q1049267}} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:22, 1 July 2025
Calonectris is a genus of seabirds. The genus name comes from Ancient Greek kalos, "good" and nectris, "swimmer".
The genus comprises four large shearwaters. There are two other shearwater genera, Puffinus, which comprises 21 small to medium-sized shearwaters, and Ardenna with 7 larger species.[1][2][3]
The species in this group are long-winged birds, dark brown or grey-brown above, and mainly white below. They are pelagic outside the breeding season. They are most common in temperate and cold waters. Like most other tubenose birds, they use a shearing flight technique to move across wave fronts with the minimum of active flight, but fly with a more relaxed, fluid, flexible wing action than the other shearwaters in Puffinus and Ardenna.[4]
Calonectris shearwaters are long-distance migrants. The streaked shearwater disperses from its east Asian breeding islands throughout the western Pacific and into the eastern Indian Ocean. They come to islands and coastal cliffs only to breed. They are nocturnal at the colonial breeding sites, preferring moonless nights to minimise predation. They nest in burrows and often give eerie contact calls on their night time visits. They lay a single white egg. They feed on fish, squid and similar oceanic food. They will follow fishing boats to take scraps.
Taxonomy
The genus Calonectris was introduced in 1915 by the ornithologists Gregory Mathews and Tom Iredale with the streaked shearwater as the type species.[5] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek kalos meaning "good" or "noble" with the genus name Nectris that was used for shearwaters by the German naturalist Heinrich Kuhl in 1820. The name Nectris comes from the Ancient Greek nēktris meaning "swimmer".[6][7]
Scopoli's shearwater and Cory's shearwater were previously considered as conspecific and formed the Cory's shearwater complex (Calonectris diomedea). Based on the lack of hybridization and differences in mitochondrial DNA, morphology and vocalisation, the complex was split into two separate species. The English name "Cory's shearwater" was transferred to Calonectris borealis while what was previously the nominate subspecies became Scopoli's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea).[8][1]
Species
The genus contains four species.[1]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution[9] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 120px | Calonectris leucomelas | Streaked shearwater | Pacific Ocean, nesting in Japan and the Korean Peninsula. Forages in the western Pacific between 45°N and 35°S. |
| 120px | Calonectris borealis | Cory's shearwater | Breeds on Madeira, the Azores, the Canary Islands and the Berlengas islands off the Portuguese coast. Forages in the Atlantic between 60°N and 36°S; also marginally into the western Mediterranean, and the Indian Ocean off South Africa. |
| 120px | Calonectris diomedea | Scopoli's shearwater | Breeds on Mediterranean islands. Forages in the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic between 50°N and 36°S; also marginally into the Indian Ocean off South Africa. |
| Calonectris edwardsii | Cape Verde shearwater | Breeds on the Cape Verde Islands. Forages in the Atlantic between 18°N and 40°S. |
Extinct species, Calonectris krantzi from the Early Pliocene and Calonectris wingatei from the Middle Pleistocene, have also been described from fossils. Calonectris kurodai, another fossil from the Middle Miocene Calvert Formation of Chesapeake Bay is named after the Japanese ornithologist Nagahisa Kuroda.[10]
Phylogeny
Phylogeny based on a study by Joan Ferrer Obiol and collaborators published in 2022.[11]
| Calonectris |
| ||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds (July 2021). "Petrels, albatrosses". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/petrels/.
- ↑ Penhallurick, John; Wink, Michael (2004). "Analysis of the taxonomy and nomenclature of the Procellariformes based on complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene". Emu 104 (2): 125–147. doi:10.1071/MU01060. Bibcode: 2004EmuAO.104..125P.
- ↑ Estandia, A; Chesser, RT; James, HF; Levy, MA; Ferrer Obiol, J; Bretagnolle, V; Gonzales-Solis, J; Welch, AJ (July 2021). "Substitution rate variation in a robust procellariiform seabird phylogeny is not solely explained by body mass, flight efficiency, population size or life history traits". bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2021.07.27.453752. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/07/27/2021.07.27.453752.full.pdf.
- ↑ Svensson, L., Mullarney, K., & Zetterström, D. (2022) Collins Bird Guide, ed. 3. ISBN:978-0-00-854746-2, pages 68-69
- ↑ Mathews, Gregory M.; Iredale, Tom (1915). "On some petrels from the North-East Pacific Ocean". Ibis 57 (3): 572–609 [590, 592]. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1915.tb08206.x. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8750380.
- ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 86, 267. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ↑ Kuhl, Heinrich (1820) (in German, Latin). Beiträge zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie. Frankfurt am Main: Verlag der Hermannschen Buchhandlung. p. 148. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28230944.
- ↑ Sangster, G.; Collinson, J.M.; Crochet, P.-A.; Knox, A.G.; Parkin, D.T.; Votier, S.C. (2012). "Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: eighth report". Ibis 154 (4): 874–883. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01273.x.
- ↑ del Hoyo, Josep (2020). All the birds of the world. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. p. 201. ISBN 978-84-16728-37-4.
- ↑ Olson, Storrs L. (2009). "A new diminutive species of shearwater of the genus Calonectris (Aves: Procellariidae) from the Middle Miocene Calvert Formation of Chesapeake Bay". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 122 (4): 466–470. doi:10.2988/09-19.1.
- ↑ Ferrer Obiol, J.; James, H.F.; Chesser, R.T.; Bretagnolle, V.; González-Solís, J.; Rozas, J.; Welch, A.J.; Riutort, M. (2022). "Palaeoceanographic changes in the late Pliocene promoted rapid diversification in pelagic seabirds". Journal of Biogeography 49 (1): 171–188. doi:10.1111/jbi.14291. Bibcode: 2022JBiog..49..171F.
Further reading
- Harrison, Peter (1987): Seabirds of the World: A Photographic Guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton. ISBN:0-691-01551-1
- Heidrich, Petra; Amengual, José F. & Wink, Michael (1998): Phylogenetic relationships in Mediterranean and North Atlantic shearwaters (Aves: Procellariidae) based on nucleotide sequences of mtDNA. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 26(2): 145–170. doi:10.1016/S0305-1978(97)00085-9 PDF fulltext
Template:Austrodyptornithes Wikidata ☰ Q1049267 entry
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