Social:Eastern Trans-Fly languages

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Eastern Trans-Fly
Oriomo Plateau
Geographic
distribution		Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait Islands (Australia)
Linguistic classificationTrans-Fly or independent language family
  • Eastern Trans-Fly
Glottologeast2503[1]
Eastern Trans-Fly languages.svg
Map: The Eastern Trans-Fly languages of New Guinea
  The Eastern Trans-Fly languages
  Trans–New Guinea languages
  Other Papuan languages
  Austronesian languages
  Australian languages
  Uninhabited
Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 
Download coordinates as: KML · GPX

The Eastern Trans-Fly (or Oriomo Plateau) languages are a small independent family of Papuan languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross, that constituted a branch of Stephen Wurm's 1970 Trans-Fly proposal, which he later incorporated into his 1975 expansion of the Trans–New Guinea family as part of a Trans-Fly – Bulaka River branch.

Classification

Wurm himself concluded that some of his purported Trans-Fly languages were not in the Trans–New Guinea family but rather heavily influenced by Trans–New Guinea languages. Ross (2005) removed the bulk of the languages, including Eastern Trans-Fly, from Wurm's Trans–New Guinea.

Timothy Usher links the four languages here, which he calls Oriomo Plateau, to the Pahoturi languages and the Tabo language in an expanded Eastern Trans-Fly family.

Languages

  • Meriam (within the national borders of Australia )
  • Bine
  • Wipi (Gidra)
  • Gizrra

Oriomo (Eastern Trans-Fly) languages and respective demographic information listed by Evans (2018) are provided below.[2] Geographical coordinates are also provided for each dialect (which are named after villages).[3]

List of Oriomo (Eastern Trans-Fly) languages
Language Location Population Alternate names Dialects
Gizrra south Oriomo-Bituri Rural LLG, Western Province (Papua New Guinea) 1,050 Gizra Western Gizra and Waidoro ( [ ⚑ ] 9°11′56″S 142°45′32″E / 9.199001°S 142.758852°E / -9.199001; 142.758852 (Waidoro)) dialects
Bine south Oriomo-Bituri Rural LLG, Western Province (Papua New Guinea) 2,000 Kunini ( [ ⚑ ] 9°05′29″S 143°00′33″E / 9.091499°S 143.009076°E / -9.091499; 143.009076 (Kunini)), Boze-Giringarede ( [ ⚑ ] 9°03′39″S 143°02′18″E / 9.06073°S 143.03836°E / -9.06073; 143.03836 (Boze)), Sogal ( [ ⚑ ] 8°56′24″S 142°50′28″E / 8.93995°S 142.841073°E / -8.93995; 142.841073 (Sogale)), Masingle ( [ ⚑ ] 9°07′52″S 142°57′03″E / 9.130976°S 142.950793°E / -9.130976; 142.950793 (Masingara)), Tate ( [ ⚑ ] 9°04′43″S 142°52′39″E / 9.078728°S 142.877514°E / -9.078728; 142.877514 (Tati)), Irupi-Drageli ( [ ⚑ ] 9°08′07″S 142°51′47″E / 9.135394°S 142.862977°E / -9.135394; 142.862977 (Iru'upi); [ ⚑ ] 9°09′41″S 142°53′32″E / 9.161472°S 142.892287°E / -9.161472; 142.892287 (Drageli)), and Sebe ( [ ⚑ ] 9°03′03″S 142°41′54″E / 9.050889°S 142.698247°E / -9.050889; 142.698247 (Sebe)) dialects
Wipi east Oriomo-Bituri Rural LLG, Western Province (Papua New Guinea) 3,500 Wipim, Gidra, Oriomo, Jibu Dorogori ( [ ⚑ ] 9°01′47″S 143°12′55″E / 9.029768°S 143.215139°E / -9.029768; 143.215139 (Dorogori No. 2)), Abam ( [ ⚑ ] 8°55′37″S 143°11′28″E / 8.926818°S 143.19112°E / -8.926818; 143.19112 (Abam)), Peawa ( [ ⚑ ] 8°53′10″S 143°11′31″E / 8.886084°S 143.192049°E / -8.886084; 143.192049 (Peawa (Woigi))), Ume ( [ ⚑ ] 9°01′17″S 143°04′10″E / 9.021446°S 143.069507°E / -9.021446; 143.069507 (U'ume)), Kuru ( [ ⚑ ] 8°54′07″S 143°04′28″E / 8.901837°S 143.074435°E / -8.901837; 143.074435 (Kuru No 1)), Woigo ( [ ⚑ ] 8°53′50″S 143°11′53″E / 8.897189°S 143.19818°E / -8.897189; 143.19818 (Woigi)), Wonie ( [ ⚑ ] 8°50′12″S 142°58′28″E / 8.836602°S 142.974578°E / -8.836602; 142.974578 (Wonie)), Iamega ( [ ⚑ ] 8°46′07″S 142°55′02″E / 8.768564°S 142.91733°E / -8.768564; 142.91733 (Yamega (iamega))), Gamaewe ( [ ⚑ ] 8°57′17″S 142°55′58″E / 8.954618°S 142.932798°E / -8.954618; 142.932798 (Gamaewe)), Podari ( [ ⚑ ] 8°51′46″S 142°51′37″E / 8.862731°S 142.860353°E / -8.862731; 142.860353 (Podare)), Wipim ( [ ⚑ ] 8°47′12″S 142°52′16″E / 8.786604°S 142.871224°E / -8.786604; 142.871224 (Wipim)), Kapal ( [ ⚑ ] 8°37′14″S 142°48′56″E / 8.620541°S 142.815635°E / -8.620541; 142.815635 (Kapal)), Rual ( [ ⚑ ] 8°34′13″S 142°51′22″E / 8.570315°S 142.85601°E / -8.570315; 142.85601 (Rual No. 1)), Guiam, and Yuta dialects
Meryam Mir Australia : Torres Strait Islands of Erub (Darnley Island),
Ugar (Stephen Island), and Mer (Murray Island)		 700 Meriam Mir Erub (no longer used) and Mer dialects

Pronouns

The pronouns Ross reconstructs for proto–Eastern Trans-Fly are,

I *ka exclusive we *ki
inclusive we *mi
thou *ma you *we
he/she/it *tabV; e they *tepi

There is a possibility of a connection here to Trans–New Guinea. If the inclusive pronoun is historically a second-person form, then there would appear to be i-ablaut for the plural: *ka~ki, **ma~mi, **tapa~tapi. This is similar to the ablaut reconstructed for TNG (*na~ni, *ga~gi). Although the pronouns themselves are dissimilar, ablaut is not likely to be borrowed. On the other hand, there is some formal resemblance to Austronesian pronouns (*(a)ku I, *(ka)mu you, *kita we inc., *(ka)mi we exc., *ia he/she/it; some archeological, cultural and linguistic evidence of Austronesian contact and settlement in the area exists (David et al., 2011; McNiven et al., 2011; McNiven et al., 2006; McNiven et al., 2004: 67-68; Mitchell 1995).

References

  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Eastern Trans-Fly". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/east2503. 
  2. ↑ Evans, Nicholas (2018). "The languages of Southern New Guinea". in Palmer, Bill. The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 641-774. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7. 
  3. ↑ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. https://data.humdata.org/dataset/village-coordinates-lookup. 
  • Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". in Andrew Pawley. Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782. 
  • DAVID, B., MCNIVEN, I.J., MITCHELL, R., ORR, M., HABERLE, S., BRADY, L. & CROUCH, J. 2004. Badu 15 and the Papuan-Austronesian settlement of Torres Strait. Archeology in Oceania 39(2): 65-78.
  • MCNIVEN, I.J., DICKINSON, W.R., DAVID, B., WEISLER, M., VON GNIELINSKI, F., CARTER, M., & ZOPPI, U. 2006. Mask Cave: red-slipped pottery and the Australian-Papuan settlement of Zenadh Kes (Torres Strait). Archaeology in Oceania 41(2): 49-81.
  • MCNIVEN, I.J., DAVID, B., RICHARDS, T., APLIN, K., ASMUSSEN, B., MIALANES, J., LEAVESLEY, M., FAULKNER, P., ULM, S. 2011 New directions in human colonisation of the Pacific: Lapita settlement of south coast New Guinea. Australian Archaeology 72:1-6.
  • MITCHELL, R. 1995. Linguistic Archeology in Torres Strait. Unpublished MA thesis (James Cook University: Townsville).

External links




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