Biology:Rice bran solubles
Rice bran solubles are a nutritional product derived from the bran shavings produced as brown rice is converted into white rice. The shavings are usually discarded or used for animal feed.[1] In Japan, they are used in some traditional pickling recipes.[2] To produce rice bran solubles, the bran shavings are heat treated to prolong shelf-life and then enzymatically extracted to collect water-soluble components.[3] Rice bran solubles are used as a nutritional supplement. The supplement is sometimes called tocos because of its high content of tocopherols (vitamin E). Rice bran solubles contains about 15-40% fat, 0-25% dietary fiber, 0-15% protein, and 25-80% carbohydrates.[4]
Concerns have been raised about the levels of arsenic in rice bran solubles.[5][6] Rice naturally accumulates arsenic from the soil as it grows, with rice bran having higher levels than white rice.[7] One study found that rice bran solubles contain even higher concentrations of arsenic.[5] Consumption of products at the manufacturers recommended rate would provide 0.012-0.038 mg of arsenic, above the maximum level of 0.01 mg level considered safe.[5]
References
- ↑ Lorraine Heller (August 26, 2008). "Rice bran contains high arsenic levels, study". http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Research/Rice-bran-contains-high-arsenic-levels-study.
- ↑ Catherine Brahic (August 22, 2008). "Superfood rice bran contains arsenic". New Scientist. https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14592-superfood-rice-bran-contains-arsenic/.
- ↑ Zhu, Yong-Guan; Williams, Paul N.; Meharg, Andrew A. (2008). "Exposure to inorganic arsenic from rice: A global health issue?". Environmental Pollution 154 (2): 169–71. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.015. PMID 18448219.
- ↑ Patricia McPeak, Rukmini Cheruvanky, Reddy Sastry V. Cherukuri, US patent 6303586
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Sun, G. X.; Williams, P. N.; Carey, A. M.; Zhu, Y. G.; Deacon, C; Raab, A; Feldmann, J; Islam, R. M. et al. (2008). "Inorganic arsenic in rice bran and its products are an order of magnitude higher than in bulk grain". Environmental Science & Technology 42 (19): 7542–6. doi:10.1021/es801238p. PMID 18939599. Bibcode: 2008EnST...42.7542S. http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/22332.
- ↑ Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel; Munera-Picazo, Sandra; Cano-Lamadrid, Marina; Burló, Francisco; Castaño-Iglesias, María Concepción (2015). "Arsenic in your food: Potential health hazards from arsenic found in rice". Nutrition and Dietary Supplements: 1. doi:10.2147/NDS.S52027.
- ↑ Meharg, Andrew A.; Lombi, Enzo; Williams, Paul N.; Scheckel, Kirk G.; Feldmann, Joerg; Raab, Andrea; Zhu, Yongguan; Islam, Rafiql (2008). "Speciation and Localization of Arsenic in White and Brown Rice Grains". Environmental Science & Technology 42 (4): 1051–7. doi:10.1021/es702212p. PMID 18351071. Bibcode: 2008EnST...42.1051M.
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