Biology:Brown rice
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Brown rice is a whole grain rice with the inedible outer hull removed. This kind of rice sheds its outer hull or husk but the bran and germ layer remain on, constituting the brown or tan colour of rice. White rice is the same grain without the hull, the bran layer, and the cereal germ. Red rice, gold rice, and black rice (also called purple rice) are all whole rices with differently pigmented outer layers.
Cooking time
Brown rice generally needs longer cooking times than white rice, unless it is broken or flour blasted (which perforates the bran without removing it).[1] Studies in 2003 estimated a cooking time between 35 and 51 minutes.[2] A shorter cooking time is necessary for "converted" or parboiled rice.
Storage
Brown rice has a shelf life of approximately 6 months,[3] but hermetic storage, refrigeration or freezing can significantly extend its lifetime. Freezing, even periodically, can also help control infestations of Indian meal moths.
Nutrition
Cooked, long-grain brown rice is 70% water, 26% carbohydrates, 3% protein, and 1% fat. In a reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz), cooked brown rice supplies 123 calories of food energy, and is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of manganese (36% DV) and moderate source (11-17% DV) of magnesium, phosphorus, niacin, and thiamine.
| Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
|---|---|
| Energy | 514 kJ (123 kcal) |
25.6 g | |
| Sugars | 0.24 g |
| Dietary fiber | 1.6 g |
0.97 g | |
2.74 g | |
| Vitamins | Quantity %DV† |
| Thiamine (B1) | 16% 0.18 mg |
| Riboflavin (B2) | 6% 0.07 mg |
| Niacin (B3) | 17% 2.56 mg |
| Pantothenic acid (B5) | 8% 0.38 mg |
| Vitamin B6 | 9% 0.123 mg |
| Folate (B9) | 2% 9 μg |
| Minerals | Quantity %DV† |
| Calcium | 0% 3 mg |
| Copper | 5% 0.106 mg |
| Iron | 4% 0.56 mg |
| Magnesium | 11% 39 mg |
| Manganese | 46% 0.974 mg |
| Phosphorus | 15% 103 mg |
| Potassium | 2% 86 mg |
| Selenium | 8% 5.8 μg |
| Sodium | 0% 4 mg |
| Zinc | 7% 0.71 mg |
| Other constituents | Quantity |
| Water | 70.3 g |
| |
| †Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database | |
Arsenic
Arsenic is in the natural environment and may be present in common grains, such as brown rice.[4] Although rice may absorb arsenic more readily than other crops, rice remains as a staple of a well-balanced diet, particularly when fortified with micronutrients in infant rice cereal.[5]
Cooking brown rice in hot water can reduce the content of inorganic arsenic by 40-60%, although this cooking method also diminishes the content of micronutrients.[5]
In Vietnam
Brown rice is widely cultivated in Vietnam,[6][7] mainly in the northern and central provinces.[8][9] According to statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the area of brown rice cultivation in Vietnam in 2023 reached 150,000 hectares,[10][11][12] with a production of 1.2 million tons. Brown rice has high economic value and is popular in the market.[13][14] The price of brown rice is usually higher than white rice by 10-20%.[15][16] Brown rice has great potential for development in Vietnam.[17][18][19] Brown rice could become a major export product of Vietnam.[20][21]
Gallery
African rice in its inedible husk (seed rice, will sprout)
The same rice, husked (whole brown rice) (colour varies by variety)
The same rice, with almost all bran and germ removed to make white rice
See also
- Brown rice tea
- Matta rice
References
- ↑ "USDA ARS Online Magazine Vol. 50, No. 5". http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/may02/rice0502.htm.
- ↑ Manickavasagan, Annamalai (2017-08-22). Brown Rice. Springer. p. 33. ISBN 9783319590110. https://books.google.com/books?id=HV4yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33.
- ↑ "Storage". Usarice.com. http://www.usarice.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70&Itemid=72.
- ↑ "Arsenic in Food and Dietary Supplements". US Food and Drug Administration. 1 June 2023. https://www.fda.gov/food/environmental-contaminants-food/arsenic-food-and-dietary-supplements.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "What You Can Do to Limit Exposure to Arsenic". US Food and Drug Administration. 27 April 2022. https://www.fda.gov/food/environmental-contaminants-food/what-you-can-do-limit-exposure-arsenic.
- ↑ "Niềm vui mới của nông dân Cai Lậy" (in vi). 2011-03-30. https://nhandan.vn/post-533162.html.
- ↑ "Nghiên cứu công nghệ sản xuất một số sản phẩm thực phẩm có giá trị dinh dưỡng cao từ gạo lứt" (in vi-VN). https://skhcn.bacninh.gov.vn/news/-/details/22549/nghien-cuu-cong-nghe-san-xuat-mot-so-san-pham-thuc-pham-co-gia-tri-dinh-duong-cao-tu-gao-lut-47123048.
- ↑ tcct (2023-08-28). "Doanh nghiệp trong chuỗi sản xuất - phân phối đặc sản Tây Bắc" (in vi). https://tapchicongthuong.vn/bai-viet/doanh-nghiep-trong-chuoi-san-xuat-phan-phoi-dac-san-tay-bac-109798.htm.
- ↑ "TP. Buôn Ma Thuột: Triển vọng từ mô hình trồng giống lúa gạo đen". http://daklak24h.com.vn/tin-kinh-te/55849/tp-buon-ma-thuot-trien-vong-tu-mo-hinh-trong-giong-lua-gao-den.
- ↑ Ly/BNEWS/TTXVN, Khánh. "Bnews - Tin tức kinh tế mới nhất, cập nhật 24h" (in vi). https://bnews.vn/hoat-dong-giao-dich-lua-gao-tram-lang-do-gia-qua-cao/317638.html.
- ↑ "Lúa gạo lứt đen thảo dược tiếp tục mang lại hiệu quả cao". http://daklakafiqad.gov.vn/lua-gao-lut-den-thao-duoc-tiep-tuc-mang-lai-hieu-qua-cao-539.html.
- ↑ "Tăng khả năng cạnh tranh của gạo Việt" (in en). https://special.nhandan.vn/nang-tam-gao-viet-nam/index.html.
- ↑ "Quy mô thị trường gạo Bắc Âu" (in vi). 2022-04-28. http://moit.gov.vn/tin-tuc/thi-truong-nuoc-ngoai/thi-truong-chau-au-chau-my/quy-mo-thi-truong-gao-bac-au.html.
- ↑ thị, Doanh nghiệp và Tiếp. "Gạo lứt là gì? Tìm hiểu các loại gạo lứt giảm cân hiệu quả" (in vi). https://doanhnghieptiepthi.vn/gao-lut-la-gi-tim-hieu-cac-loai-gao-lut-giam-can-hieu-qua-161211203100002337.htm.
- ↑ baohaiduong.vn (2021-12-02). "Gạo trắng tốt hơn gạo lứt" (in vi). https://baohaiduong.vn/gao-trang-tot-hon-gao-lut-170800.html.
- ↑ Minh, Báo Pháp Luật TP Hồ Chí (2022-09-25). "Gạo trắng, gạo lứt, gạo huyết rồng, gạo lứt đen: Gạo nào tốt cho sức khỏe hơn?" (in vi). https://plo.vn/share699886.html.
- ↑ Tùng, Trọng (2020-09-11). "Chuỗi giá trị sản phẩm từ gạo: Tiềm năng còn bỏ ngỏ" (in vi). https://kinhtedothi.vn/chuoi-gia-tri-san-pham-tu-gao-tiem-nang-con-bo-ngo.html.
- ↑ Khôi -, Chu (2023-04-10). "Ganola mum" (in vi). https://ganolamum.vn/.
- ↑ PHÓNG, BÁO SÀI GÒN GIẢI (2018-01-02). "Gạo lứt Thảo dược – đổi vị cho người ăn kiêng" (in vi). https://www.sggp.org.vn/share461886.html.
- ↑ MEDIATECH. "Việt Nam đã sản xuất thành công dầu gạo từ gạo lứt" (in vi). https://baoquangninh.vn/viet-nam-da-san-xuat-thanh-cong-dau-gao-tu-gao-lut-2452996.html.
- ↑ "Gạo Việt Nam thêm cơ hội tiếp cận thị trường Anh" (in vi). https://tuyengiao.vn/gao-viet-nam-them-co-hoi-tiep-can-thi-truong-anh-150228.
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