Chemistry:Oxycyte
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| Trade names | Oxycyte |
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| Formula | C10F20 |
| Molar mass | 500.078 g·mol−1 |
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Oxycyte is an experimental third-generation[1] perfluorocarbon (PFC) therapeutic oxygen carrier invented by Leland Clark and developed by Tenax Therapeutics (TENX; formerly Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. and Synthetic Blood International),[2] designed to enhance oxygen delivery to damaged tissues. Through a collaborative agreement, Oxycyte (under the development code name of ABL-101) was being developed by Aurum Biosciences Ltd, with an initial indication in acute ischemic stroke.[3]
Product history
According to Tenax, Oxycyte can carry oxygen with up to 5 times the efficiency as hemoglobin when used as an intravenous emulsion, making it an effective means of transporting oxygen to tissues and carrying carbon dioxide to the lungs for disposal.[4] However, because Oxycyte is a PFC, and not based on hemoglobin, it does not have the safety issues associated with hemoglobin-based products; there been no adverse events in company clinical trials that were related to Oxycyte. Tenax believed that Oxycyte has a very favorable risk-benefit profile for its potential indications.
Aurum Biosciences promoted Oxycyte as having potential for use in multiple indications, including cardiology, oncology, epilepsy and neuro-degenerative diseases. These claims caused excitement among investors and greatly rose Tenax's stock price, which hasn't come close since.[5][6]
Around September 2004, Oxycyte finished Phase I trials with few, mild side effects.[7] Clinical interest in Oxycyte began to grow during this period, culminating in 2013.[8]
Aurum Biosciences had received Wellcome Trust HICF funding to take Oxycyte into a phase IIa clinical trial in stroke patients. This work investigated both therapeutic potential and its ability to enhance the diagnostic potential of MRI in stroke.[9][10][11]
However, Oxygen Biotherapeutics announced in September 2014 that it would discontinue a Phase IIb trial for its Oxycyte drug candidate, citing "difficulties enrolling patients".[12] Interest in Oxycyte has tapered off since,[8] and is mostly documented as an investment venture.
Chemical properties
The active compound in Oxycyte is perfluoro tert-butylcyclohexane, a saturated alicyclic PFC (molecular formula C10F20).[13][14] Fluorocarbons are known for their strong gas-dissolving properties, which when used with oxygen can fill a dual role of healing the tissue as well as imaging. It fits the imaging role promisingly, due to its biocompatibility and half-life. The similar compound Perflourobutane is already used for ultrasound imaging.[1][15] Healing decompression sickness with oxygen has a similar mechanism of action to healing brain anemia, and so Oxycyte can be used for this[16][17]
Care should be taken about the blood with this compound, as it's associated with potentially dangerous variations in the blood, like viscosity.[18]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "A characterization of ABL-101 as a potential tracer for clinical fluorine-19 MRI". NMR in Biomedicine 33 (1): e4212. January 2020. doi:10.1002/nbm.4212. PMID 31724252. https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_F9103E2AE976.
- ↑ "Oxycyte | Tenax Therapeutics" (in en-US). http://www.tenaxthera.com/pipeline/oxycyte/.
- ↑ "Aurum Biosciences" (in en-GB). http://www.aurumbiosciences.com/.
- ↑ Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc. Corporate website.
- ↑ "Man Made Life Saver 50x Better Than Blood". December 15, 2006. https://www.trendhunter.com/trends/oxycyte-man-made-life-saver-50x-better-than-blood.
- ↑ "Tenax Therapeutics Stock Price Today (NASDAQ: TENX) Quote, Market Cap, Chart | WallStreetZen". https://www.wallstreetzen.com/stocks/us/nasdaq/tenx.
- ↑ "Synthetic Blood International Announces Preliminary Analysis of Oxycyte Phase I Study Results - O-STA". https://o-sta.si/en/1819/synthetic-blood-international-announces-preliminary-analysis-of-oxycyte-phase-i-study-results.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Oxycyte - Search Results - PubMed" (in en). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Oxycyte&sort=date.
- ↑ "Health Innovation Challenge Fund: projects we've funded | Wellcome" (in en). https://wellcome.org/what-we-do/directories/health-innovation-challenge-fund-projects-funded.
- ↑ "Technology and Products – Aurum Biosciences" (in en-GB). http://www.aurumbiosciences.com/technology-and-products/.
- ↑ Santosh C, Brennan D, "Method of imaging metabolic function", US patent 9144392, issued 9 September 2015, assigned to The Greater Glasgow Health Board.
- ↑ "Oxygen Biotherapeutics Announces Halt of Oxycyte Phase IIb Traumatic Brain Injury Trial". September 11, 2014. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140911006403/en/Oxygen-Biotherapeutics-Announces-Halt-Oxycyte-Phase-IIb.
- ↑ Blood Substitutes. Academic Press. 2006. p. 303. ISBN 978-0127597607. https://books.google.com/books?id=kkbJ5D2n4koC&dq=C10F20&pg=PA303.
- ↑ Huvard G, Kiral R, Quitaro M, Thompson DP, Grossman A, Clauson G, Sandhu G, "Perfluorocarbon gel formulations", US patent 2013096190, published 18 April 2013, assigned to Oxygen Biotherapeutics, Inc..
- ↑ "Ultrasound Contrast Agent Sonazoid® for Injection Released for Sale". January 10, 2007. https://www.daiichisankyo.com/files/news/pressrelease/pdf/005564/news2007_01_10_69_en.pdf.
- ↑ "Cardiovascular parameters in a mixed-sex swine study of severe decompression sickness treated with the emulsified perfluorocarbon Oxycyte". Journal of Applied Physiology 118 (1): 71–79. January 2015. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00727.2014. PMID 25342702.
- ↑ "The emulsified perfluorocarbon Oxycyte improves spinal cord injury in a swine model of decompression sickness". Spinal Cord 51 (3): 188–192. March 2013. doi:10.1038/sc.2012.135. PMID 23165506.
- ↑ "In vitro alteration of hematological parameters and blood viscosity by the perfluorocarbon: Oxycyte". International Journal of Hematology 103 (5): 584–591. May 2016. doi:10.1007/s12185-016-1955-9. PMID 26886450.
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