Biology:Hypoplectrus gemma
| Hypoplectrus gemma | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Serranidae |
| Subfamily: | Serraninae |
| Genus: | Hypoplectrus |
| Species: | H. gemma
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| Binomial name | |
| Hypoplectrus gemma Goode and T.H. Bean, 1882
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Hypoplectrus gemma, the blue hamlet, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea bass from the subfamily Serraninae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the groupers and anthias. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean and occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade.
Description
Hypoplectrus gemma has a deep body which is markedly compressed laterally. It has a straight forehead and a rather short snout which has a protrusible top jaw The preoperculum is angular and has serrations along its edges and a number of small spines which point to the head on its lower edge close to the angle. The dorsal fin has ten spines and 14-17 soft rays and is continuous. It has long pelvic fins which extend as far as, or beyond the anus. The caudal fin is slightly forked.[2] The head, body and fins of this species are plain iridescent blue and there is a black stripe on the upper and lower edges of the caudal fin.[3] This species has a maximum recorded length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in), although the method of fish measurement used was not given.[4]
Distribution
Hypoplectrus gemma is found in the western Atlantic Ocean. It was considered to be endemic to Florida but it has since been discovered off the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico,[5] It has also been found in the Dutch West Indies off the island of Bonaire.[6] It has also been recorded on the northern Bahamas and in Cuba.[1]
Habitat and biology
Hypoplectrus gemma is found on shallow reefs, at depths of 3 to 20 metres (9.8 to 65.6 ft). The species in the genus Hypoplectrus are synchronous hermaphrodites and they have the ability to move between "male" and "female" roles when spawning.[1] The colour pattern of this species resembles that of the blue chromis (Chromis cyanea) and it has been suggested that the blue hamlet mimics the blue chromis. The resemblance between the two species is enhanced by the more elongate body shape and deeply forked tail of H. gemma compared to its congeners. The purpose of this mimicry may be to allow H. gemma to prey on the young of the blue chromis but this has yet to be proven.[3] This is a carnivorous species which feeds on other fishes and non-sessile benthic crustaceans.[2]
Taxonomy
Hypoplectrus gemma was first formally described in 1882 by the United States ichthyologists George Brown Goode (1851-1896) and Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846-1916) with the type locality given as Garden Key in the Dry Tortugas of Florida.[7]
Utilisation
Hypoplectrus gemma is used in the aquarium trade but whether it is rare or common in that trade is unclear.[1][8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Anderson, W.; Carpenter, K.E.; Gilmore, G.; Milagrosa Bustamante, G.; Robertson, R. (2015). "Hypoplectrus gemma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T190290A16510747. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T190290A16510747.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/190290/16510747. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Species: Hypoplectrus gemma, Blue hamlet". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. https://biogeodb.stri.si.edu/caribbean/en/thefishes/species/3503. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 D. Ross Robertson (2013). "Who Resembles Whom? Mimetic and Coincidental Look-Alikes among Tropical Reef Fishes". PLOS ONE 8 (1): e54939 Appendix S1. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054939. PMID 23372795. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...854939R.
- ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). "Hypoplectrus gemma" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
- ↑ Alfonso Aguilar-Perera (2009). "Hypoplectrus gemma (Teleostei, Serranidae) is not endemic to southern Florida waters". Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences 5 (1): 143–146. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223129519.
- ↑ "Blue Hamlet Hypoplectrus gemma". Dutch Caribbean Species Register. https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=185075. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron; van der Laan, Richard, eds. "Hypoplectrus gemma". California Academy of Sciences. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?spid=34860.
- ↑ "Hypoplectrus gemma". Bob Goemans. http://www.saltcorner.com/AquariumLibrary/browsespecies.php?CritterID=1318. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q3893396 entry
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