Earth:Pigeon Mountain (New Zealand)
| Ōhuiarangi | |
|---|---|
| Pigeon Mountain | |
 Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain and a small portion of the playing field. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 55 m (180 ft) |
| Coordinates | [ ⚑ ] : 36°53′20″S 174°54′11″E / 36.888846°S 174.903116°E |
| Geography | |
| Location | North Island, New Zealand |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | 23,400 years[1] |
| Volcanic arc/belt | Auckland volcanic field |
Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain is a 55 m (180 ft) high volcanic cone at Half Moon Bay, near Howick and Bucklands Beach, in Auckland, New Zealand. The cone forms the last part of volcanic activity that lasted many years. An earlier explosive eruption, created the prominent tuff ring that is still clearly visible extending in an arc south of Sunderlands Road. Two much smaller craters were formed to the north west of the main cone. The smaller lies buried under Pigeon Mountain Road outside number 18, and the other forms 'Heights Park' – a private reserve for the owners of 29 – 41 Pigeon Mountain Road and 14 – 36 Prince Regent Drive and 33 – 39 Tyrian Close.[2] It forms part of the Auckland volcanic field and is popular for scientific school trips.
Ōhuiarangi is named after an ancient Ngāi Tai ancestress who lived here.
Ngāi Tai are the descendants of Maui-tikitiki-a-Taranga who fished up the North Island of New Zealand and are the tangata whenua of Howick and Pakuranga.
Early settlers saw many kereru, native pigeons, feeding on the pigeonwood trees here, hence the name Pigeon Mountain.[2]
It was first quarried for roading metal by Fencibles from the 1847 Fencibles settlement at Howick. Quarrying continued for many years. In the 1920s the Shaw brothers worked with Harold Kearney, Dud Langdon and Jim Taylor using a pair of draught horses to pull a dray loaded with metal.[3] In 1848 John Campbell and James Smyth, both from the fencible ship Sir Robert Sale, had the contract to spread metal on the road from Howick to Panmure, for which they were paid 5/- per day. At that time the mountain was named Pigeon Tree Hill.
The 5 acre farm immediately to the south was owned by the 1847 Irish Fitzpatrick family of Patrick and Ann who came in the "Minerva" fencible ship. They lived in a raupo hut at Howick for 2 years. They had had 12 children,9 of whom survived. The children all attended Pakuranga school, a short distance across the paddocks to the south east. Fitzpatrick later bought other land around Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain at Hutchinson Road and Bucklands Beach Rd expanding his farm to 20 acres. A photo taken of the Pakuranga Cricket club, which played at Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain, shows 6 of the 16 players were from the Fitzpatrick family.[4] His original fencibles cottage was still in use in the 1960s by 2 of his grandsons who were the caretakers of the Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain sports ground in their youth. On their death the cottage was placed at the Howick Historical village. A number of Fencibles' widows also received land south of Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain which was very swampy. Margaret Coyle received 4 acres of land where Pakuranga College is today.[5] The mountain has been extensively quarried, with the entire north side of the volcano removed.
In 1929 a fresh water spring was uncovered and water was piped to Howick and district at a cost of 9340 pounds.[6] The mountain is a former pa site, and some of the terracing still remains. Artefacts as well as skulls were found there in the 1960s by students from Pakuranga College. The mountain is open to the public. The north face is partly fenced off and is an almost-vertical drop of 30 metres (100 ft).
In the southwest corner there is a playing field built on a free-draining scoria base. On the quarried northwestern side is a kindergarten and Scout hall.
In the 2014 Treaty of Waitangi settlement with the Tamaki Makaurau Collective of 13 Auckland iwi, the volcano was officially named Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain and ownership was vested to the collective. It is now co-governed by the collective and Auckland Council in common benefit of the iwi "and all other people of Auckland".[7][8][9][10][11][12]
See also
- Rangitoto Island
- Mount Wellington, New Zealand
References
- ↑ Hopkins, Jenni L.; Smid, Elaine R.; Eccles, Jennifer D.; Hayes, Josh L.; Hayward, Bruce W.; McGee, Lucy E.; van Wijk, Kasper; Wilson, Thomas M. et al. (3 July 2021). "Auckland Volcanic Field magmatism, volcanism, and hazard: a review". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 64 (2-3): 213–234. doi:10.1080/00288306.2020.1736102.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 La Roche, Alan (1991). The History of Howick and Pakuranga. The Howick & Districts Historical Society. pp. 41,165.
- ↑ La Roche, Alan (1991). The History of Howick and Pakuranga. The Howick & Districts Historical Society. p. 212.
- ↑ La Roche, Alan (1991). The History of Howick and Pakuranga. The Howick & Districts Historical Society. pp. 15, 178–183.
- ↑ The Royal New Zealand Fencibles 1847–1852. R. Alexander. G. Gibson. A. LaRoche. Deed. Waiuku . 1997. pp 65, 103, 138
- ↑ La Roche, Alan (1991). The History of Howick and Pakuranga. The Howick & Districts Historical Society. p. 215.
- ↑ Dearnaley, Mathew (27 September 2014). "Volcanic cones regain Maori names". The New Zealand Herald. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11332361. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
- ↑ "Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014". http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0052/latest/whole.html. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
- ↑ "Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 registration guideline". Land Information New Zealand. Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141029214620/http://www.linz.govt.nz/sites/default/files/document/nga_mana_whenua_o_tamaki_makaurau_collective_redress_act_2014_registration_guideline_-_current.pdf. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
- ↑ "NZGB decisions – September 2014". Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215200/http://www.linz.govt.nz/nzgb-decisions-september-2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
- ↑ "Protection of tupuna maunga assured under ownership transfer". Auckland Council. http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/EN/newseventsculture/OurAuckland/News/Pages/protectionoftupunamaungaassuredunderownershiptransfer.aspx. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
- ↑ "New governance structure for treasured tūpuna maunga". Auckland Council. http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/EN/newseventsculture/OurAuckland/mediareleases/Pages/newgovernancestructurefortreaesuredtupunamaunga.aspx. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
- Volcanoes of Auckland: A Field Guide. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, 335 pp. ISBN:0-582-71784-1.
External links
- Photographs of Ōhuiarangi held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections.
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