Biology:Typha orientalis
| Typha orientalis | |
|---|---|
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| Leaves and flower spikes of Typha orientalis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Typhaceae |
| Genus: | Typha |
| Species: | T. orientalis
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| Binomial name | |
| Typha orientalis | |
| Synonyms | |
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Typha orientalis, commonly known as bulrush, cumbungi,[2] or raupō, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus Typha. It is native to Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, China and the Russian Far East (Sakhalin and Primorye).[3][4]
T. orientalis is a wetland plant that grows on the edges of ponds, lakes, salt marshes, and slow flowing rivers and streams.
Description
Typha orientalis is a perennial herb which grows up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in height and has a rhizome of up to 40 mm (1.6 in) in diameter. The long, sausage-like flower spikes are between 300–500 mm (12–20 in) in length.[3][5]
Taxonomy
The species was first described by Carl Borivoj Presl in the Epimeliae Botanicae in 1851.[6]
Etymology
The species epithet orientalis refers to the species being found in East Asia.[5] The plant's Māori name, raupō, is a word used in different Polynesian languages to describe bulrushes.[5]
Distribution
The species is found across East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand.[7] The plant was introduced to the Chatham Islands of New Zealand by Māori.[3]
Uses
Known as raupō in New Zealand,[8] the plant was quite useful to Māori. The rhizomes were cooked and eaten, while the pollen was collected and baked into cakes known as pungapunga.[9][5] The leaves were used for roofs and walls and occasionally for canoe sails,[10] as well as a material for making kites.[11] Many of the first shelters constructed for European settlers in the 19th century were made from raupō.[5]
Gallery
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Typha orientalis typically grows in wetlands, such as in the Brooklands Lagoon along the Styx River in Christchurch, New Zealand -
Leaves of Typha orientalis -
Flower head after bursting open to disperse seeds -
Seeds -
Pickled Typha orientalis rhizome sold in China
References
- ↑ Zhuang, X. (2011). "Typha orientalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T168629A6524306.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/168629/6524306. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ↑ "Typha orientalis". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Typha+orientalis.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Typha orientalis". https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.asp?ID=2279.
- ↑ Flora of China, v 23 p 161.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 , Wikidata Q118646408
- ↑ "Typha orientalis C.Presl Broadleaf Cumbungi". https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/d8e250bb-40c8-422d-aa20-c93bfce43664.
- ↑ "Typha orientalis C.Presl". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A836892-1.
- ↑ Johnson, Peter (24 September 2007). "Wetlands – Reeds, rushes, sedges and low growers". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. https://teara.govt.nz/en/wetlands/page-4. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- ↑ Lehnebach, Carlos A.; Regnault, Claire; Rice, Rebecca; Awa, Isaac Te; Yates, Rachel A. (1 November 2023) (in English). Flora: Celebrating our Botanical World. Te Papa Press. ISBN 978-1-9911509-1-2. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124332398.
- ↑ Metcalf, Lawrie (1998). The Cultivation of New Zealand Native Grasses. Auckland, New Zealand: Random House. p. 48.
- ↑ , Wikidata Q58677501
Wikidata ☰ Q3546132 entry
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