Biology:Smooth-sided toad
| Smooth-sided toad | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Rhaebo |
| Species: | R. guttatus
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| Binomial name | |
| Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799)
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| Synonyms | |
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The smooth-sided toad or spotted toad (Rhaebo guttatus), formerly known as Bufo guttatus, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the Amazonian Bolivia, Brazil , Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, as well as the Guianas (French Guiana, Guyana, and Suriname). Specimens from southern Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil might represent Rhaebo ecuadorensis described in 2012.[2][3]
Description
Males growth to about 15 cm (5.9 in) snout–vent length.[4][5] Females are larger, at up to 17.4 cm (6.9 in),[3][4] possibly even 25 cm (10 in), in snout–vent length.[5] The dorsal color is cream colored or very light brown to reddish brown. The belly is a darker shade. The species has a characteristically prominent preocular ridge that is present even in juveniles.[4]
The smooth sided toad secretes a toxin from a gland behind their eyes known as a bufotoxin, it has been known to cause heart failure in humans if ingested. This toxin is the toad's main line of defense against predators.[6]
Habitat and conservation
Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests, in particular mature gallery forests. It occurs on the ground or in deep leaf-litter on the forest floor. It is locally threatened by habitat loss.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Claudia Azevedo-Ramos, Enrique La Marca, Marinus Hoogmoed, Steffen Reichle (2010). "Rhaebo guttatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T54658A11183165. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T54658A11183165.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/54658/11183165. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
- ↑ Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Rhaebo/Rhaebo-guttatus. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Coloma, L. A.; Mueses-Cisneros J. J.. "Rhaebo guttatus". http://www.anfibioswebecuador.ec/fichaespecie.aspx?Id=168.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mueses-Cisneros, J. J.; D. F. Cisneros-Heredia; R. W. McDiarmid (2012). "A new Amazonian species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) with comments on Rhaebo glaberrimus (Gunther, 1869) and Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799)". Zootaxa 3447: 22–40. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3447.1.2. https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/21442.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Smooth-Sided Toad". Animal Fact Sheets. Woodland Park Zoo. https://www.zoo.org/page.aspx?pid=1951. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ↑ "Smooth sided toad (Rhaebo guttatus)". Frogs.cc. January 25, 2014. http://frogs.cc/smooth-sided-toad/. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
Wikidata ☰ Q28031125 entry
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