Chemistry:DMDM hydantoin
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione | |
| Other names
1,2-Dimethylol-5,6-dimethylhydantoine
Glydant | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| Abbreviations | DMDMH |
| ChemSpider | |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
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| Properties | |
| C7H12N2O4 | |
| Molar mass | 188.18 g/mol |
| Hazards[1] | |
| GHS pictograms | 
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| GHS Signal word | Warning |
| H302 | |
| P301+312 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
 verify (what is   ?)
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| Infobox references | |
DMDM hydantoin is an antimicrobial formaldehyde releaser preservative with the trade name Glydant. DMDM hydantoin is an organic compound belonging to a class of compounds known as hydantoins. It is used in the cosmetics industry and found in products like shampoos, hair conditioners, hair gels, and skin care products.[2][3]
DMDM hydantoin slowly releases formaldehyde and works as a preservative by making the environment less favorable to microorganisms.
Safety
A patch test study found that "an increase in the use of DMDM hydantoin in cosmetic products will also inevitably increase the risk of cosmetic dermatitis in consumers allergic to formaldehyde."[4]
The safety of formaldehyde is a topic of ongoing concern, given the prevalence of formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers in industrial uses. Formaldehyde is considered "an important metabolic product in plants and animals (including humans), where it occurs in low but measurable concentrations."[5] However, long-term exposure to formaldehyde (particularly routine inhalation of its fumes) is thought to cause irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes,[6] headaches, shortness of breath, and aggravation of asthma symptoms.[7][8] It was declared a "toxic product" by the 1999 Canadian Environmental Protection Act,[9] and the US National Toxicology Program officially classed formaldehyde as "known to be a human carcinogen in June 2011.[10][11][12]
In the EU, the maximum allowed concentration of formaldehyde in finished products is 0.2%, and any product that exceeds 0.05% has to include a warning that the product contains formaldehyde.[13]
References
- ↑ "GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank 1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidin-2,4-dion". https://gestis.dguv.de/data?name=120562.
- ↑ DMDM hydantoin in the Consumer Product Information Database
- ↑ DMDM Hydantoin at sci-toys.com
- ↑ "Patch test reactivity to DMDM hydantoin. Relationship to formaldehyde allergy". Contact Dermatitis 18 (4): 197–201. 1988. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02802.x. PMID 3378426.
- ↑ Franz, Adam W.; Kronemayer, Helmut; Pfeiffer, Daniel; Pilz, Roman D.; Reuss, Gänther; Disteldorf, Walter; Gamer, Armin Otto; Hilt, Albrecht (2016) (in en), Formaldehyde, American Cancer Society, pp. 1–34, doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_619.pub2, ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/14356007.a11_619.pub2, retrieved 2021-07-03
- ↑ "Safety and Health Topics | Formaldehyde | Occupational Safety and Health Administration". 2019-04-11. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/formaldehyde/index.html.
- ↑ "Notice of Adoption of Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Technical Support Document for the Derivation of Noncancer Reference Exposure Levels and 6 RELs | OEHHA". 2019-03-23. https://oehha.ca.gov/air/crnr/notice-adoption-air-toxics-hot-spots-program-technical-support-document-derivation#page=128.
- ↑ Canada, Health (2012-03-29). "Formaldehyde in your home". https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/air-quality/formaldehyde-indoor-air-environment-workplace-health.html.
- ↑ "Health Canada - Proposed residential indoor air quality guidelines for formaldehyde". April 2007. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/air/formaldehyde/preamble-eng.php.
- ↑ Harris, Gardiner (2011-06-10). "Government Says 2 Common Materials Pose Risk of Cancer" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/11/health/11cancer.html.
- ↑ "Report on Carcinogens (RoC) - National Toxicology Program". 2011-06-08. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=72016262-BDB7-CEBA-FA60E922B18C2540.
- ↑ "National Toxicology Program: 14th Report on Carcinogens" (in en). https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc14.
- ↑ Groot, Anton C. de; Flyvholm, Mari-ann; Lensen, Gerda; Menne, Torkil; Coenraads, Pieter-Jan (2009). "Formaldehyde-releasers: relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy. Contact allergy to formaldehyde and inventory of formaldehyde-releasers" (in English). Contact Dermatitis 61 (2): 63–85. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01582.x. ISSN 0105-1873. PMID 19706047. https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/formaldehyde-releasers-relationship-to-formaldehyde-contact-aller-2.
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