Religion:Textual variants in the Book of Numbers
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Short description: Differences in Book of Numbers manuscripts
Textual variants in the Numbers concerns textual variants in the Hebrew Bible found in the Book of Numbers.
Legend
Purported inter-relationship between significant ancient Old Testament manuscripts (some identified by their siglum).
List
This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.
Numbers 22
Numbers 22:1
- בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ות מֹואָ֔ב, bə-‘ar-ḇō-wṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'in the plains of Moab' – WLC[1][2]
- בערבת מואב, bə-‘ar-wṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'in the evening/west of Moab' – SP[2]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[3] LXXRahlfs[4] Brenton[5] ABP[6]
- The words עֲרָבָה arabah/'aravá ("steppe", "desert", "plain"), עֶרֶב érev ("evening", "sunset") and מַעֲרָב ma'aráv ("west") are all etymologically related to each other, and maybe also cognates of words such as "Europe" (see Europe § Name) and "Arab" (see Etymology of Arab).[7] See also Numbers 31:12.
Numbers 31
Numbers 31:12
- עַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב, ‘ar-ḇōṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'the plains/desert/wilderness of Moab' – WLC[8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[9] Brenton[10]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[11]
- It is unclear whether the Hebrew original meant a general geographical feature ('plains/desert/wilderness') or a specific toponym (probably the region now known as "Arabah"),[12] or whether Greek translators failed to translate מוֹאָ֔ב ‘ar-ḇōṯ as a general geographical feature and turned it into a specific toponym, and hence the Arabah region got its name from this toponymisation. See also Numbers 22:1.
Numbers 31:15
- וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֑ה הַֽחִיִּיתֶ֖ם כָּל־נְקֵבָֽה׃, way-yō-mer ’ă-lê-hem mō-šeh; ha-ḥî-yî-ṯem kāl-nə-qê-ḇāh., 'And Moses said to them: 'Have you kept alive all the women?' – MT[13][8]
- וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֑ה למה הַֽחִיִּיתֶ֖ם כָּל־נְקֵבָֽה׃, way-yō-mer ’ă-lê-hem mō-šeh; lá-ma ha-ḥî-yî-ṯem kāl-nə-qê-ḇāh., 'And Moses said to them: 'Why have you kept alive all the women?' – SP[13]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[9]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[11] Brenton[10]
Numbers 31:16
- לִמְסָר־מַ֥עַל בַּיהוָ֖ה, lim·sār-ma·‘al Yah·weh, 'to trespass / to instigate sacrilege against Yahweh[14]' – MT[15][8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[9] ABP[11] Brenton[10]. ἀποστῆσαι is a cognate of the English word "apostasy".
Numbers 31:16
- עַל־דְּבַר־פְּעֹ֑ור, ‘al-də-ḇar-pə-‘ō-wr;, 'in the incident of Peor' – MT[15][8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[9] ABP[11] Brenton[10]
Numbers 31:17
- וְעַתָּ֕ה הִרְג֥וּ כָל־זָכָ֖ר בַּטָּ֑ף, wə-‘at-tāh hir-ḡū ḵāl zā-ḵār baṭ-ṭāp̄;, 'Therefore, kill every male among the little ones / infants / (little) children' – MT[16][8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[9] ABP[11] Brenton[10]
Numbers 31:17
- וְכָל־אִשָּׁ֗ה יֹדַ֥עַת אִ֛ישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּ֥ב זָכָ֖ר הֲרֹֽגוּ׃, wə-ḵāl ’iš-šāh, yō-ḏa-‘aṯ ’îš lə-miš-kaḇ zā-ḵār hă-rō-ḡū., 'and every woman, who has known a man in a male bed / by lying with him, kill.' – MT[16][8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[9] ABP[11]
- Ancient Greek: – Brenton[10]
- Compare Judges 21:11.[16]
Numbers 31:18
- וְכֹל֙ הַטַּ֣ף בַּנָּשִׁ֔ים, wə-ḵōl haṭ-ṭap̄ ban-nā-šîm,, '[But] all the young women / women-children / girls,' – WLC[8]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[9]
- Ancient Greek: – Brenton[10]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[11]
Numbers 31:18
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדְע֖וּ מִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר, ’ă-šer lō-yā-ḏə-‘ū miš-kaḇ zā-ḵār;, 'who have not known a male bed / a man intimately / a man by lying with him,' – WLC[8]
- Ancient Greek:– LXXSwete[9]
- Ancient Greek: – Brenton[10] ABP[11]
Numbers 31:18
- הַחֲי֖וּ לָכֶֽם׃, ha-ḥă-yū lā-ḵem., 'spare/save them / keep them alive for yourselves.' – WLC[8]
- Ancient Greek:– LXXSwete[9] Brenton[10] ABP[11]
- Compare Judges 21:11
Numbers 32
Numbers 32:1
- גָ֖ד, ḡāḏ, 'Gad' – MT[17][18]
- גד ולחצי שבט המנשה, ḡāḏ wə-la-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh, 'Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh' – [4QNumb] SP[17][18]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[19] ABP[20] Brenton[21]
- Compare Numbers 32:33[17]
Numbers 32:2
- בְנֵֽי־גָ֖ד וּבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן, ḇə-nê-ḡāḏ ū-ḇə-nê rə-’ū-ḇên;, 'the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben' – MT[22][18]
- בני גד ובני ראובן וחצי שבט המנשה, ḇə-nê-ḡāḏ ū-ḇə-nê rə-’ū-ḇên wə-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh;, 'the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben and the half tribe of Manasseh' – SP[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[19][22] ABP[20][22] Brenton[21]
Numbers 32:3
- וְנִמְרָ֔ה, wə-nim-rāh,, 'and Nimrah' – MT SP[23][18]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[19][23] Brenton[21]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[20][23]
Numbers 32:4
- הִ֑וא, hî, 'he or is' – MT,[24][18] see also :en:wikt:הוא#Hebrew
- היא, hu, 'she or it' – SP,[24] see also :en:wikt:היא#Hebrew
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[19]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[20] Brenton[21]
Numbers 32:6
- לִבְנֵי־גָ֖ד וְלִבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן, liḇ-nê-ḡāḏ wə-liḇ-nê rə-’ū-ḇên;, 'to the sons of Gad and (to) the sons of Reuben' – MT[25][18]
- לבני ראובן ולבני גד ולחצי שבט המנשה, liḇ-nê-rə-’ū-ḇên wə-liḇ-nê ḡāḏ wə-la-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh;, 'to the sons of Reuben and (to) the sons of Gad and (to) the half tribe of Manasseh' – [4QNumb] SP[25]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[19][25] ABP[20][25] Brenton[21]
See also
- List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts
References
- ↑ Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Numbers 22 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/numbers/22.htm.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 22:1" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Numeri%2022:1.
- ↑ "Numbers 22 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/numbers/22.htm.
- ↑ Rahlfs 1935, Αριθμοί.
- ↑ Brenton 1879, p. 206.
- ↑ Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot Numbers 22". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/numbers/22.htm.
- ↑ "Strong's Hebrew: 6160. עֲרָבָה (arabah)". biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6160.htm.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Numbers 31 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/numbers/31.htm.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 "Numbers 31 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/numbers/31.htm.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBrenton Numbers 31 - ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot Numbers 31". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/numbers/31.htm.
- ↑ J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 31:12" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Numeri%2031:12.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 31:15" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Numeri%2031:15.
- ↑ Shectman, Sarah (2009). Women in the Pentateuch: A Feminist and Source-critical Analysis. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press. pp. 158–166. ISBN 9781906055721. https://books.google.com/books?id=elUeQSPk19MC&pg=PA166. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 31:16" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Numeri%2031:16.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 31:17" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Numeri%2031:17.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 32:1" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Numeri%2032:1.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Numbers 32 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/numbers/32.htm.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 "Numbers 32 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/numbers/32.htm.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot Numbers 32". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/numbers/32.htm.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton (1851). "Numbers 32 Brenton's Septuagint Translation". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/sep/numbers/32.htm.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 32:2" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Numeri%2032:2.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 32:3" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Numeri%2032:3.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 32:4" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Numeri%2032:4.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 32:6" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Numeri%2032:6.
Bibliography
- Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Interlinear Bible (Westminster Leningrad Codex – English)". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/numbers/1.htm.
- Brenton, Lancelot Charles Lee (1851). "Brenton's Septuagint Translation". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/sep/numbers/1.htm.
- Brenton, Lancelot Charles Lee (1879). The Septuagint version of the OT, with an English translation. London: Samuel Bagster. pp. 1156. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/The_Septuagint_version_of_the_OT%2C_with_an_English_translation_%281879%29.pdf. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
- Rahlfs, Alfred (1935). "Αριθμοί (Numbers Rahlfs)" (in el). Alfred Rahlfs' edition of the Septuagint. Greek Wikisource. https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%AF_(Rahlfs).
- Scholz, Susanne (2021). Sacred Witness. Rape in the Hebrew Bible. Fortress Press. ISBN 9781506482033. https://www.bol.com/nl/p/sacred-witness/9300000031495453/. (E-book edition)
- Swete, Henry Barclay (1930). "Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/sepd/numbers/1.htm.
- Emanuel Tov, The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research (TCU), 1981 (1st edition), 1997 (2nd edition), 2015 (3rd edition).
- Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (TCHB), 1992 (1st edition), 2001 (2nd edition), 2012 (3rd edition).
- Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Qumran, Septuagint: Collected Writings, Volume 3 (2015).
- Tov, Emanuel (1999). "38. The Septuagint Additions (‘Miscellanies’) in 1 Kings 2 (3 Reigns 2)". The Greek and Hebrew Bible: Collected Essays on the Septuagint. Vetus Testamentum Supplements. 72. Leiden: Brill. https://brill.com/view/book/9789004275973/B9789004275973-s039.xml.
- van de Giessen, J. P. (2003). "Index Bijbelverzen" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/page?1000.
- Van der Pool, Charles (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot (ABP)". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/numbers/1.htm.
- Wells, Bruce (2020). "On the Beds of a Woman: The Leviticus Texts on Same-Sex Relations Reconsidered". Sexuality and Law in the Torah. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 123–158. ISBN 9780567681607. https://www.academia.edu/42810771. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
External links
- Digitized Hebrew and Greek Manuscripts: Access and Issues – Introduction to online biblical textual studies
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