Biology:Yaeyama little horseshoe bat
| Yaeyama little horseshoe bat | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Rhinolophidae |
| Genus: | Rhinolophus |
| Species: | R. perditus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Rhinolophus perditus Andersen, 1918[2]
| |
| Synonyms | |
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Rhinolophus cornutus perditus[3] | |
The Yaeyama little horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus perditus) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae that is endemic to the Yaeyama Islands of Japan.
Taxonomy
Rhinolophus perditus was first described by Knud Andersen in 1918, based on a female specimen in the Natural History Museum that had been purchased by Alan Owston (B.M. no. 5.11.3.15); the type locality is given as "Ishigaki, southern Liu-Kiu", and its relatively large teeth are noted.[2]:376–7 Included in Mammal Species of the World (2005) as Rhinolophus cornutus perditus,[3]:353 i.e., as a subspecies of the Japanese little horseshoe bat, the Yaeyama little horseshoe bat is now treated as an independent species by authorities including the IUCN[1] and the editors of Handbook of the Mammals of the World[4] and Wild Mammals of Japan (2015), published under the auspices of the Mammal Society of Japan.[5] The last two works also include Imaizumi's horseshoe bat (protonym, Rhinolophus imaizumii) as a subspecies of the Yaeyama little horseshoe bat, under the combination R. p. imaizumii.[4][5] In its native Japan, the bat is known by the vernacular name Yaeyama kokikugashira-kōmori (ヤエヤマコキクガシラコウモリ).[5]
Two subspecies are "tentatively" recognized:[4]
- R. p. perditus Andersen, 1918[2] — Ishigaki Island, Taketomi Island
- R. p. imaizumii Hill & Yoshikuki, 1980[6] — Iriomote Island, Kohama Island
Description
The bat's external morphology resembles that of the Japanese little horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus cornutus) and Okinawa little horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus pumilus), differences including a larger nose-leaf and skull length, and shorter tibia than the Okinawa little horseshoe bat.[5] The constant frequency (CF) echolocation values of its calls are also lower than those of these other two species.[5]
Ecology
The Yaeyama little horseshoe bat is nocturnal and, though active all year round, is believed to hibernate but with frequent awakening in order to forage .[5] It roosts in caves, often together with the Ryūkyū long-fingered bat (Miniopterus fuscus), as well as in abandoned mines, and old bomb shelters.[4][5] The bat's diet consists of insects, in particular Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Coleoptera (beetles), Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants), and Diptera (flies), for which they forage mainly in areas of woodland.[5] Females are monoestrous and form "maternity colonies" of several hundred to over a thousand individuals in May.[5] They give birth to a single pup.[5]
Conservation status
The Yaeyama little horseshoe bat is classed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.[1] The principle threats are deforestation and habitat loss, destruction of their roosts, and disturbance by tourists.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Fukui, D.; Sano, A. (2020). "Rhinolophus perditus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T85707170A85707174. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T85707170A85707174.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/85707170/85707174. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Andersen, K.. "Diagnoses of new Bats of the Families Rhinolophidae and Megadermatidae". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 9 2 (10): 374–384. ISSN 0374-5481. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15631097.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Chiroptera". Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 1. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 312–529. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Handbook of the Mammals of the World. 9: Bats. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 2019. pp. 311–312. ISBN 978-84-16728-19-0.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 The Wild Mammals of Japan (2 ed.). Shoukadoh and The Mammal Society of Japan. 2015. pp. 65–66. ISBN 978-4879746917.
- ↑ Hill, J.E.; Yoshiyuki, M. (1980). "A new species of Rhinolophus (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae) from Iriomote Island, Ryukyu Islands, with notes on the Asiatic members of the Rhinolophus pusillus group". Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series A (Zoology) 6 (3): 179–189. ISSN 0385-2423. https://www.kahaku.go.jp/research/publication/zoology/download/06_3/BNSM060305.pdf.
Wikidata ☰ Q111988991 entry
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