Biology:KREMEN1
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Kremen protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KREMEN1 gene.[1][2] Kremen1 is conserved in chordates including amphioxus[3] and most vertebrate species.[4] The protein is a type I transmembrane receptor of ligands Dickkopf1,[5] Dickkopf2, Dickkopf3, Dickkopf4, EpCAM[6] and Rspondin1.
Function
This gene encodes a high-affinity dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK1) transmembrane receptor that functionally cooperates with DKK1 to block wingless (WNT)/beta-catenin signaling. The encoded protein is a component of a membrane complex that modulates canonical WNT signaling through lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). It contains extracellular Kringle, WSC, and CUB domains. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed for this gene.[2]
Kremen1 also has a function in the induction of cell death by apoptosis.[4] This proapototic activity is conditional and depends on the absence of ligand Dickkopf1.[4] These observations led to the classification of this protein as a Dependence Receptor.
A mouse knock out of Kremen1 and its paralog Kremen2 is viable and fertile.[7]
References
- ↑ "Molecular cloning and characterization of Kremen, a novel kringle-containing transmembrane protein". Biochim Biophys Acta 1518 (1–2): 63–72. Mar 2001. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00168-3. PMID 11267660.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: KREMEN1 kringle containing transmembrane protein 1". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=83999.
- ↑ Zhang, Yujun; Mao, Bingyu (2010-09-01). "Embryonic expression and evolutionary analysis of the amphioxus Dickkopf and Kremen family genes". Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao 37 (9): 637–645. doi:10.1016/S1673-8527(09)60082-5. ISSN 1673-8527. PMID 20933216.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Causeret, F.; Sumia, I.; Pierani, A. (2016-02-01). "Kremen1 and Dickkopf1 control cell survival in a Wnt-independent manner". Cell Death and Differentiation 23 (2): 323–332. doi:10.1038/cdd.2015.100. ISSN 1476-5403. PMID 26206087.
- ↑ Mao, Bingyu; Wu, Wei; Davidson, Gary; Marhold, Joachim; Li, Mingfa; Mechler, Bernard M.; Delius, Hajo; Hoppe, Dana et al. (2002-06-06). "Kremen proteins are Dickkopf receptors that regulate Wnt/beta-catenin signalling". Nature 417 (6889): 664–667. doi:10.1038/nature756. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 12050670. Bibcode: 2002Natur.417..664M.
- ↑ Lu, Huiqiang; Ma, Jun; Yang, Yun; Shi, Wenchao; Luo, Lingfei (2013-03-11). "EpCAM is an endoderm-specific Wnt derepressor that licenses hepatic development". Developmental Cell 24 (5): 543–553. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.021. ISSN 1878-1551. PMID 23484855.
- ↑ Ellwanger, Kristina; Saito, Hiroaki; Clément-Lacroix, Philippe; Maltry, Nicole; Niedermeyer, Joachim; Lee, Woon Kyu; Baron, Roland; Rawadi, Georges et al. (2008-08-01). "Targeted disruption of the Wnt regulator Kremen induces limb defects and high bone density". Molecular and Cellular Biology 28 (15): 4875–4882. doi:10.1128/MCB.00222-08. ISSN 1098-5549. PMID 18505822.
Further reading
- "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.
- "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation.". Nat. Biotechnol. 22 (6): 707–16. 2005. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID 15146197.
- "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. 2004. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M.
- "Kremen proteins are Dickkopf receptors that regulate Wnt/beta-catenin signalling.". Nature 417 (6889): 664–7. 2002. doi:10.1038/nature756. PMID 12050670. Bibcode: 2002Natur.417..664M.
- "Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (7): 3491–6. 2000. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.7.3491. PMID 10737800. Bibcode: 2000PNAS...97.3491D.
- "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22.". Nature 402 (6761): 489–95. 1999. doi:10.1038/990031. PMID 10591208. Bibcode: 1999Natur.402..489D.
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