Biology:Gymnostoma
| Gymnostoma | |
|---|---|
| |
| Gymnostoma deplancheanum, very old specimen, near Prony, New Caledonia | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Casuarinaceae |
| Genus: | Gymnostoma L.A.S.Johnson[1][2] |
| Species | |
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See text | |
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Gymnostoma is a genus of about eighteen species of trees and shrubs, constituting one of the four genera of the plant family Casuarinaceae.[1][2][3][4] The species grow naturally in the tropics, including at high elevations having temperate climates, in forests in the region of the western Pacific ocean and Malesia. In New Caledonia, published botanical science describes eight species found growing naturally, which botanists have not found anywhere else (endemics).[5] Other species are native to Borneo, Sumatra, Maluku, and New Guinea,[6] and one endemic species each in Fiji and the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia.[7]
The genus was first scientifically described by Lawrie A. S. Johnson in 1980.[1] Many of the Gymnostoma species combinations of names (binomials) were described by him in 1982.[3] (As of 2013), a global total of eighteen species have been found and described.[8][9]
The majority of the species grow in rainforests, in the habitats of open, sunny, long-term gaps, from river bank (riparian) situations through to mountain top situations. In New Caledonia two endemic species G. chamaecyparis and G. deplancheanum have specialised adaptations, growing in wet "shrub maquis and paraforest maquis formations. G. chamaecyparis is associated with hypermagnesian soils (hypermagnesian inceptisol) below 600 m altitude at the base of ultramafic massifs. G. deplancheanum occurs on ferralitic ferritic desaturated hardpan or gravelly soils (oxisol) on the southern massif at altitudes between 200 and 1,000 m".[5]
Species
There are 14 formally described species:[10][6]
- Gymnostoma australianum L.A.S.Johnson – Australia endemic[11]
- Gymnostoma chamaecyparis (J.Poiss.) L.A.S.Johnson – New Caledonia endemic[5] (Fr)
- Gymnostoma deplancheanum (Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson – New Caledonia endemic[5] (Fr)
- Gymnostoma glaucescens (Schltr.) L.A.S.Johnson – New Caledonia endemic[5]
- Gymnostoma intermedium (J.Poiss.) L.A.S.Johnson – New Caledonia endemic[5]
- Gymnostoma leucodon (J.Poiss.) L.A.S.Johnson – New Caledonia endemic[5]
- Gymnostoma nobile (Whitmore) L.A.S.Johnson – Borneo
- Gymnostoma nodiflorum (Thunb.) L.A.S.Johnson – New Caledonia endemic[5]
- Gymnostoma papuanum (S.Moore) L.A.S.Johnson – New Guinea
- Gymnostoma poissonianum (Schltr.) L.A.S.Johnson – New Caledonia endemic[5]
- Gymnostoma rumphianum (Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson – Maluku
- Gymnostoma sumatranum (Jungh. ex de Vriese) L.A.S.Johnson – Sumatra
- Gymnostoma vitiense L.A.S.Johnson – Fiji endemic
- Gymnostoma webbianum (Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson – New Caledonia endemic[5]
There are approximately four additional species, found in New Guinea and collections preserved, that are awaiting formal description.[12]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Johnson, Lawrie A. S. (1980). "Notes on Casuarinaceae" (PDF). Telopea. (Online page archive version, link via APNI Gymnostoma ref's) 2 (1): 83–84. doi:10.7751/telopea19804114. http://www.anbg.gov.au/apii/ump.show_public_image?v_umo=5811315&quality=ORIGINAL. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Gymnostoma%". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?00TAXON_NAME=Gymnostoma%25.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Johnson, Lawrie A. S. (23 December 1982). "Notes on the Casuarinaceae II". Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 6 (1): 73–87. http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/a1b1242f-9eeb-43c3-b4d5-9f8600b9658b/JABG06P073_Johnson.pdf. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ↑ Johnson, Lawrie A. S. (1988). "Notes on Casuarinaceae III: The new genus Ceuthostoma". Telopea. (Online page archive version, link via APNI Ceuthostoma ref's) 3 (2): 133–137. doi:10.7751/telopea19884801. "A synoptic key for the four genera of the family is given.".
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Jaffré, Tanguy; Gauthier, Daniel; Rigault, Frédéric; McCoy, Stéphane (1994). ORSOM (Nouvelle-Calédonie). "Les Casuarinacées endémiques - Caractéristiques écologiques et nutritionnelles" (in fr, en). Bois et Forêts des Tropiques (242 New Caledonia Special): 31–43. http://bft.cirad.fr/cd/BFT_242_31-43.pdf.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Govaerts R. "Gymnostoma L.A.S.Johnson". Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:6512-1. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
- ↑ "Gymnostoma L.A.S.Johnson". Atlas of Living Australia. https://bie.ala.org.au/species/https://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2902085.
- ↑ "Casuarinaceae". Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. 2020. https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/casuarinaceae.htm.
- ↑ "Gymnostoma". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government. http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=38583.
- ↑ "The Plant List entry for Gymnostoma". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. September 2013. http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Casuarinaceae/Gymnostoma/. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
- ↑ "Gymnostoma australianum". Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. 2020. https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Gymnostoma_australianum.htm.
- ↑ Conn, Barry J. (2013). "Gymnostoma" (Online, from pngplants.org/PNGCensus). http://pngplants.org/cgi-bin/PNGcensus.pl?fam=&gen=Gymnostoma&sp=&infr=&group=.
Wikidata ☰ Q143512 entry
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